Species Of Cyperus Research Articles

Notes on Indian Cyperaceae

In this paper, a new subspecies of Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl is described. Changes in the nomenclature of five species of Cyperus are gien. One new plant record for India, five or eastern India and two for W. Bengal are presented. Critical notes on Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb. and on C. corymbosus Rottb. complex are also included.

Two new species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Mexico and Venezuela

Based on study of herbarium specimens, Cyperus rosattii is described as a new species from Venezuela. Known from a single collection from the Orinoco lowlands, it appears to be most similar to Cyperus swartzii and C. aggregatus. Similarly, Cyperus gonzaleziae is described as a new species from eastern Mexico (coastal region of Veracruz); it appears to be most similar to C. pallidicolor and C. regiomontanus.

Nomenclatural Notes on New World Cyperus (Cyperaceae)

We discuss nomenclatural and taxonomic matters pertaining to three species of New World Cyperus. We provide correct names for three species hitherto known as: Cyperus friburgensis, C. niger, and C. spectabilis. Also, C. multifolius, and C. penicillatus are noted as overlooked synonyms of C. prolixus. New combinations are made for the varieties previously recognized in C. niger.

Phytochemical profile, evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in vitro of the hydroalcoholic extract of two species of the genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae)

Several factors contribute to the resistance of some pathogenic microorganisms and this fact requires the search for new therapeutic alternatives. The genus Cyperus (family Cyperaceae) groups species that present chemical compounds of pharmacological interest, mainly with antimicrobial action. Thus, the present work was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activities, antioxidants and the phytochemical profile of Cyperus articulatus L. and Cyperus iria L. Hydroalcoholic extracts (1:1, v:v) of the aerial and underground parts of these species were used to analyze the total phenol content and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity against the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The ethyl acetate and chloroform phases resulting from liquid-liquid partitioning of C. articulatus and C. iria extracts were evaluated in antimicrobial assays and subject to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The chromatograms obtained by HPLC-DAD allowed us to identify four compounds: chlorogenic acid, catechin, quercetin, and quercitrin. The hydroalcoholic extracts of C. articulatus and C. iria showed a weak antioxidant activity with IC50 of 395.57 and 321.33 μg/mL (aerial parts), and 1,114.01 and 436.82 μg/mL (underground parts), respectively. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the chloroform phase of C. iria showed the best result at the concentration of only 31.2 µg/mL against the pathogens Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethyl acetate phases of the aerial parts of C. articulatus and C. iria did not show antimicrobial activity.

On the taxonomic identity and nomenclature ofCyperus megapotamicus(Cyperaceae)

Cyperus megapotamicus(A. Spreng.) Kunth is a nomenclatural synonym ofRhynchospora megapotamica(A. Spreng.) H. Pfeiff. but was originally misapplied to a species ofCyperus. Contrary to the rules, both species names are in current use in different genera. We here clarify the perpetuated taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion regarding the identity ofC. megapotamicussensu Kunth and related names and conclude thatCyperus jaeggiiBoeckeler is the correct name to be adopted. We provide an amended circumscription of this species, withCyperus mauryiKuntze andPycreus nematodesSchrad. ex C. B. Clarke as its newly proposed heterotypic synonyms. Additionally, lectotypes are designated for the namesScirpus megapotamicusA. Spreng.,Rhynchospora maculataMaury,Rhynchospora luzuliformisvar.elongataKuntze,Rhynchospora luzuliformisvar.subcapitataKuntze,Cyperus jaeggii,Cyperus mauryiandPycreus nematodes.

Cyperus prophyllatus: An endangered aquatic new species of Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae)with a exceptional spikelet disarticulation pattern among about 950 species, including molecular phylogenetic, anatomical and (micro)morphological data.

Cyperus prophyllatus, an endangered new species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from an aquatic ecosystem of the Atlantic Forest, Espírito Santo State, southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The spikelet morphology of Cyperus prophyllatus is unique among the c. 950 species of Cyperus in having both a conspicuous spikelet prophyll and a corky rachilla articulation, which remain persistent at the base of the spikelet after disarticulation. Our molecular phylogenetic data support the placement of C. prophyllatus in the C3 Cyperus Grade and more precisely in the clade representing Cyperus sect. Oxycaryum, which also includes C. blepharoleptos and C. gardneri. Anatomical and (micro)morphological analyses corroborate the phylogenetic results, provide a better understanding of ecology and taxonomy, as well as reveal compatibility of structures with survival and dispersion in aquatic environments. A distribution map, table with distinctive characters of allied species, and conservation status are made available.

Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C. thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

Broad and narrow host ranges in resolved species of Cintractia limitata s. lat. (Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginomycotina) on Cyperus

Cintractia (Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginomycotina) is a widespread genus of smut fungi that parasitizes species of Cyperaceae. Specimens of Cintractia spp. on species of Cyperus s. lat. were examined to resolve their taxonomy, including a species on Cyperus aromaticus, which is an invasive weed in Australia. A phylogenetic species concept was used to show that Cintractia limitata s. lat. contains three different species, Cintractia limitata, C. tangensis, and a new species C. kyllingae. The proposed taxonomy is based on phylogenetic analyses of the ITS rDNA region and on the position of the sori in diverse parts of inflorescences examined in approximately 100 specimens of Cintractia. A morphological synapomorphy in C. tangensis is sori with firmly agglutinated spore masses around the base of the peduncles, rarely in the spikelets. Cintractia limitata forms powdery spore masses between flowers and is known only to occur on Cyperus species with spikelets in capitate heads. Cintractia kyllingae was found on Cy. aromaticus and may have potential as a biological control agent in Australia.

The Relationship between a Western Amazonian Society and Domesticated Sedges (Cyperus spp.)

The article discusses the relationships between the Ashaninka people from Peruvian Amazonia and the domesticated sedges (Cyperus spp.) cultivated in almost every Ashaninka home garden, and mostly exchanged within family circles. An over-differentiation phenomenon is observed, in which four species of Cyperus correspond to 86 folk species. The names of folk species are formed by secondary lexemes, composed of a semantically active constituent and a generic suffix (i)benki. The names contain mnemonic cues to differentiate otherwise morphologically similar plants, and their meanings correspond to Ashaninka ontological categories, thus revealing many levels of connectivity between them and non-humans. The wide scope of specific uses (approx. 60 registered) assigned to Cyperus spp. is only partly supported by phytochemicals and ergot alkaloids in the fungus-infested sedges. The key to understanding the ibenki’s (Cyperus) agency lies in local cosmologies, in which domesticated sedges are viewed as plant-persons and kin. The Ashaninka are engaged in producing the bodies of their kin, the ibenki. Simultaneously, ibenki are powerful allies in restoring harmonious social relations and protecting people against the intentional actions of other humans and non-humans.

Three new combinations in African Cyperus (Cyperaceae)

Background – During the past decade several molecular phylogenetic studies tackled the complex relationships within tribe Cypereae. Based on these studies, previously accepted segregate genera such as Pycreus were sunk into the genus Cyperus. Recently, while revising the West African species of Cyperus, three taxa previously placed in Pycreus were identified for which a name in Cyperus is lacking.Methods – The taxonomic changes are performed according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.Results – Three new combinations in Cyperus are made for names currently placed in Pycreus.

Chemical Fingerprinting of Cyperus species using HPLC analysis

Plants that yield food and fodder are well known from times immemorial and considerable amount of research work been carried on them. Herbal medicine is the oldest form of medicine known to humankind. It was the mainstay of many early civilizations and still the most widely practiced form of medicine in the world. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that perhaps 80% of the inhabitants of the world rely chiefly on traditional medicines, mostly plant‐based medicines, for their primary health care needs.The medicinal value of the plant extracts lies in the bioactive phytochemical constituents that produce definite physiological effects on human body. These natural compounds formed the basis of numerous modern drugs as we use today. For instance Asiatic acid found in Centella asiatica (Family Araliaceae) is commonly used for wound healing in many places (Hong et al., 2005; Shetty et al., 2006), memory improvement, treatment of mental fatigue, bronchitis, asthma, dysentery, kidney trouble, urethritis, allergy, leucorrhea and toxic fever (Kan, 1986) and it is also used as a constituent of brain tonics for the mentally retarded (Kartnig et al., 1988).Oxidative stress has been related to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other chronic diseases that account for a major portion of deaths today. It has been implicated in mechanisms leading to neuronal cell injury in various pathological states of the brain, including neurodegenerative disorders. Although the brain accounts for less than 2% of the body weight, it consumes about 20% of the oxygen available through respiration. Therefore, because of its high oxygen demand, the brain is the most susceptible organ to oxidative damage.Among these common weeds is the family Cyperaceae which are ubiquitous but may be difficult to recognize because of their closeness to the grass family except their triangular shaped stems that are characteristic. Lowe & Stanfield (1974) remarked that about four‐fifths of the species grow in damp or wet places (including a few submerged aquatics) while one‐fifth is found in drier situations such as savannah grasslands and sandy places including sand‐dunes.In order to evaluate the medicinal value of notorious sedge weeds, In our study 10 Species: Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Cyperus diffusus, Cyperus involucratus, Cyperus helferi, Cyperus prolixus, Cyperus papyrus, Cyperus surinamensis, Cyperus hortensis, Cyperus squarrosus were investigated for their phytochemicals constituents, explored their chemical profile using HPLC ( high performance liquid chromatography ) and antimicrobial properties. In addition we compared Fresh plant extracts with dried samples (historical specimens) to see if those phytochemicals were stable over time. In vitro antimicrobial activities were evaluated against four bacterial species Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcu aureus, Escherichia coli.Objectives Extract & Identify the presence of Phytochemicals in various species of Cyperus. Examine the stability of Phytochemicals in freshly Hravested samples vs Historical specimens Explore the Antimicrobial properties of Cyperus extracts on various bacterial species. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Resistance Mapping of the Genus Cyperus in Rio Grande do Sul and Selection Pressure Analysis

ABSTRACT: Among the species of the genus Cyperus occurring in paddy rice, C. esculentus, C. difformis and C. iria are the most important, and the latter two are reported as resistant to herbicides in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The aim of this work was to characterize and mapping the occurrence of resistant plants of the genus Cyperus in areas of paddy rice in RS State, and to analyze the agronomic factors that interfere in the resistance selection. Seeds from individual plants were harvested in the 2014/15 crop, characterized as control failures by the application of acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), totaling 43 samples. At the time of collection, the grower was inquired on aspects related to the management of weeds in the crop. Seeds were germinated in BOD and when seedlings were in two leaves stage they were transplanted into 0.3 L pots containing substrate. When the plants had 4-6 leaves, imazapyr + imazapic was spray at the registration rate. Thirty days after application, control of the tested biotypes was evaluated, converting the data to binary scale, where zero (0) and one (1) correspond to susceptibility and resistance, respectively. The agronomic factors that denote the high selection pressure of resistant biotypes are the consecutive use of Clearfield® technology, the use of higher doses than the registration and the low crop rotation adoption. Although not mentioned as one of the main weeds, it is observed that almost half of the samples collected from plants of the genus Cyperus are resistant to the ALS inhibitors, distributed in almost all the growing regions.

Comparative study of foliage leaf and bract leaf anatomy of six species of Cyperus l. (cyperaceae) from west bengal

Comparative study of foliage leaf and bract leaf anatomy of six species of Cyperus l. (cyperaceae) from west bengal

Two new naturalized species of the genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Turkey

Cyperus eragrostis and C. microiria were recorded for the first time from Turkey in this study. Descriptions of the taxa were improved. Morphological characteristics of these species were investigated. Geographical distributions and IUCN threat categories of these species were reported.

Pollen Morphology of Some Species of Cypeus L. and Bolboschoneus is Growing in Diwaniyah River

The study examined the precise The micromorphology of pollen grains characteristics of some species belonging to the Cyperaceae family, which included four species of Cyperus L. which it: C.difformis, C. rotundus, C.odoratu and C.alternifolius and one species of genre Bolboschoenus maritimus. The samples were collected from the banks of the Diwaniyah River and specifically (Sunni area, Dagara district, Diwaniyah district and al-Sudair district) During the autumn and winter season Beginning mid-October 2016 and the end of February 2017. The study examined the Micromorphology of the pollen and showed variations, which helped to isolate the taxa at the level of genera and species The study went on the shape and size of the polar and Equlature view and wall thickness, using the Light Microscope(LM) besides the number of aperturate and length of the grooves and the shape of the surface decoration using the Scanning Microscope Electronic (SEM) The results showed that there was a variance of most of the above-mentioned traits. At the level of the shape, the pollen showed that the pollen was in two shapes: Oblate Spheroidal and Sub Oblate. As for size, B. maritimus recorded the largest size of the pollen while the species C.difformis The smallest size also gave the number of pores a taxonomic importance that cannot be ignored as it was possible to divide the species into two groups and The prevailing model was (Tetracolporate). The surface decoration showed clear variations, and all species were isolated, which increased the taxonomic importance of this characteristic. The thickness of the wall did not appear to be of great importance for the separation of the species. The present study concluded that five species of Cyperaceae family were diagnosed along the Diwaniyah River. Two species were recorded for the first time on the river: C.odoratu and C. alternifolius

A new species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Brazil

Cyperus bampsii is described as a species new to science. It was collected in 1976 in a single locality near Belterra in Pará, Brazil. The species most likely belongs to section Haspani and, based on morphology and leaf anatomy, its closest relatives probably are C. haspan and C. tenuispica. The new species is described and copiously illustrated and its conservation status is assessed.

Which plants are needed for a French vertical-flow constructed wetland under a tropical climate?

Plants are essential in the functioning of constructed wetlands. When setting up systems in tropical areas, Phragmites australis is not always a good choice because of its invasiveness. In vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) fed with raw wastewater, the main role of plants is their mechanical action, which helps prevent clogging of the deposited organic matter. Various species have already been used in some tropical climate studies, but generally not for such systems, and no attempt has been made to screen large numbers of alternative species. Here we describe a method to select species among a hundred studied, along with promising plants tested in batches, and at full scale. Species of the order Zingiberales showed good adaptation to the main stresses generated by VFCWs. They have long vegetative cycles, which may require weed growth control after plantation, but low harvesting frequency. Root systems with long rhizomes such as Heliconia psittacorum should take priority to ensure even growth and avoid clumps. To limit the phytosanitary risk with Musaceæ (banana tree), Canna indica or Canna glauca are preferable. Species of the genus Cyperus also demonstrate good adaptation, and could be of interest, especially when a high stem density is required (e.g. planted sludge drying beds).

The genusCyperusin the eastern Po Plain (Italy): historical and recent data

AbstractThe genus Cyperus L. is revised in the eastern Po Plain and in the Po Delta (Veneto and Emilia-Romagna Regions, Italy), based on historical data analysis, examination of public herbaria and field observations. The genus includes autochthonous, long-time naturalized and recently introduced species: 16 taxa are recognized as actually present in the study area, whereas two others were recorded only once. Most species of the genus live along the course of the Po river, e.g. the recently identified Cyperus odoratus L., and/or in the rice fields. Some naturalized species of Cyperus are considered invasive, e.g. Cyperus esculentus L. and Cyperus glomeratus L.; others, e.g. Cyperus microiria Steud., Cyperus eragrostis Lam. and even C. odoratus, have recently been spreading widely. Cyperus glaber L., Cyperus strigosus L. and Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. are rare species. The latter was only recently detected for the first time in Europe and is here reported from two additional sites, the oldest dating back ...

Anatomical study on some species of genus Cyperus in northern Iran

Anatomical study on some species of genus Cyperus in northern Iran

Pollen Morphological Studies in Five Species of Cyperus from Cyperaceae of Wardha District, Maharashtra, India

Pollen Morphological Studies in Five Species of Cyperus from Cyperaceae of Wardha District, Maharashtra, India