Species Of Anthurium Research Articles

A new name for a Brazilian species ofAnthurium (Araceae)

Gonçalves E. G.: A new name for a Brazilian species of Anthurium (Araceae). — Willdenowia 41: 115–118. —IOnline ISSN 1868-6397; © 2011 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.41.41114 (available via http//dx.doi.org/)Anthurium truncatum is published as a new name for the Brazilian A. brachypodum G. M. Barroso of 1957, because the latter name was preoccupied by the Ecuadorian A. brachypodum Sodiro of 1901. A. truncatum is a rare species, only known from the type collection and a recent collection made 15 km away from the type locality. It is re-described and illustrated, and its sectional relationship is discussed.

Two new species of Anthurium sect. Urospadix (Araceae) for Brazil

Abstract Two new species of Anthurium are described for Brazil, Anthurium cipoense Temponi endemic of the Serra do Cipó National Park, Minas Gerais and Anthurium polynervium Temponi & Nadruz, endemic to municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, Rio de Janeiro state. Both have restricted distributions and studies on their conservation are needed. Descriptions, illustrations and commentaries on geographic distribution, ecology, phenology and conservation status are provided for both species.

Anatomia comparada da folha e espata de espécies de Anthurium (Araceae) ocorrentes na Mata Atlântica

Leaf and spathe anatomy of nine species of the genus Anthurium (sections Urospadix and Leptanthurium) were analyzed. Plant material was collected from different locations in Brazil and cultivated under identical conditions in the Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of leaf and spathe anatomy for taxonomic purposes. Leaves presented smooth and striated cuticle, epidermal cells randomly disposed, raised and non-raised stomata, epidermal glands, periclinal divisions of epidermal cells, raphides, druses, carotene and diosmin crystals, palisade parenchyma on the adaxial surface of the midrib and sclerenchymatic fibre sheath in the bundle. The spathes also presented smooth and striated cuticle, epidermal cells in parallel rows, raised and non-raised stomata, epidermal glands, raphides, druses and flavonoidic crystals, uniform mesophyll, and presence of sclerenchyma as fibre caps associated to the vascular bundles. The Anthurium species have differences between leaves and spathes based on anatomical characters, but clustering analysis did not separate the species from different sections. Results indicate that spathe can give a better resolution than leaves for segregation of species groups in Anthurium.

ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE POTENTIAL OF ANTHURIUM ACCESSIONS

The Anthurium genus comprises about 1100 species, most of them with ornamental potential. In the last few years the commercialization of new foliage has been growing up. It is necessary to introduce new foliage crops into the market and Anthurium species are an excellent option for cut foliage exploration. The aim of this work was to evaluate ten native Anthurium accessions, through morphological descriptors. The following characteristics were evaluated: leaf shape; petiole colour, length and diameter; main nervure colour; pulvine colour and aspect; inflorescence peduncle length and diameter; spadix colour; spathe shape, length and colour. Evaluation was made for: plant height, growth habit, leaf number, pot fulfillment and emitted shoot number. A large variation was observed for leaf, inflorescence and general plant aspects in all accessions. Some plant characters like height, growth habit, number of emitted shoots are important to define plant spacing, pot size and crop management. The leaf appearance was the most important part of plant to be considered in a first selection: leaf shape, long and straight petioles, diameter with no more than 20 mm are desired morphological characteristics for cut foliage. Accessions with short petioles and a large number of leaves and high pot fulfillment capability maybe better adapted to growth as potted plants. The ten characterized accessions present foliage characteristics for commercial exploration and could be used as material for future breeding programs since wild species plays an important role in the interspecific breeding. As its commercial exploitation is relatively recent, basic information is needed regarding growth aspects of the native Anthurium.

Profile or group discriminative techniques? Generating reliable species distribution models using pseudo‐absences and target‐group absences from natural history collections

AbstractAim The presence‐only data stored in natural history collections is the most important source of information available regarding the distribution of organisms. These data and profile techniques can be used to generate species distribution models (SDMs), but pseudo‐absences must be generated to use group discriminative techniques. In this study, we evaluated whether the SDMs generated with pseudo‐absences are reliable and also if there are differences in the results obtained with profile and group discriminative techniques.Location Ecuador, South America.Methods The SDMs were generated with a training data set for each of the five species of Anthurium and six different methods: two profile techniques (BIOCLIM and Gower’s distance index), three group discriminative techniques [logistic multiple regression (LMR), multivariate adaptative regression splines (MARS) and Maxent] and a mixed modelling approach genetic algorithm for rule‐set production (GARP), which employs a combination of profile and group discriminative techniques and generates its own pseudo‐absences. For LMR, MARS and Maxent, three types of absences were generated: (1) random pseudo‐absences in equal number to presences and excluding a buffer area around presences (except for Maxent, which assumes that this background sample includes presences), (2) a large number (10,000) of random pseudo‐absences, also excluding a buffer area around each presence and (3) ‘target‐group absences’ (TGA), consisting of sites where other species of the group have been collected by the specialist, but not the species being modelled. To compare the predictive performance of the SDMs, the area under the curve statistic was calculated using an independent testing data set for each species.Results MARS, Maxent and LMR produce better results than the profile techniques. The models created with TGA are generally more accurate than those generated with pseudo‐absences.Main conclusions The advantages and disadvantages of different options for using pseudo‐absences and TGA with profile and group discriminative modelling techniques are explained and recommendations are made for the future.

Two new species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Serra do Teimoso, Bahia, Brazil

Two new species of Anthurium from Bahia, eastern Brazil, are described and illustrated. Both species belong to sect. Urospadix Engl. and are so far only known from the type locality, Serra do Teimoso, although they are common locally. Anthurium teimosoanum E. G. Gonc. & J. G. Jardim is known from the lowermost altitudinal zone of this upland area, whereas A. molle E. G. Gonc. & J. G. Jardim was only collected near the summit.

New Endemic Species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Río Huallaga, Peru

Ten new species of Anthurium (Araceae) are described from Amazonian Peru. Nine of the species, A. carpishense Croat, A. cerrateae Croat & Lingan, A. debilipeltatum Croat, A. josei Croat, A. linganii Croat, A. longissimilobum Croat, A. pradoense Croat, A. puberulum Croat & Lingan, and A. timplowmanii Croat, are from a single area of high endemism in the southern Huallaga River Valley of Huanuco Department near Tingo Maria, and the area between Tingo Maria and La Divisora; and one species, A. pulcachense Croat, is endemic to an area in the middle Rio Huallaga valley in San Martin, Peru.

A Comparative Study of Inflorescence Characters and Pollen‐Ovule Ratios among the Genera Philodendron and Anthurium (Araceae)

Floral characters in angiosperms may be involved in different relationships in order to ensure and maximize pollination. To assess these relationships, which may provide insight to understand floral evolution, we analyzed 14 floral characters in 23 species of Philodendron and 20 species of Anthurium, which are tropical long‐living plants bearing spadiciform inflorescences. Contrary to what has been reported in the literature, no correlations were found between the pollen volume and either the style depth or the stigma depth. The trade‐off between pollen size and number normally explained by limited resources was found only in Philodendron. Instead, pollen number was positively correlated with the inflorescence peduncle diameter. The higher range of variation of inflorescence peduncle diameters in Anthurium may explain the lack of correlation between pollen size and number. These results suggest that adaptive constraints driving pollen size and number could differ in the Philodendron and Anthurium genera f...

A NEW SECTION OF ANTHURIUM, SECT. DECURRENTIA - REVISION OF THE ANTHURIUM DECURRENS POEPPIG COMPLEX IN AMAZONIA

ABSTRACT A revision of 6 closely related species from the Amazon basin in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru is presented, and 4 new species of Anthurium are published as new: Anthurium ceronii Croat, A. payaminoense Croat & Lingán, A. sydneyi Croat & Lingán and A. whitmorei Croat & Lingán. Two species, A. decurrens Poeppig and A. longispadiceum K. Krause are redescribed because they have been, until recently, totally unknown or misrepresented by other taxa. The species are all members of a new section named Decurrentia, newly named here for the first time. All members of section Decurrentia have in common short internodes, elongated, epunctate leaf blades, and peduncles tending to be weakly or prominently ridged or winged. In addition, several of the species have early-emergent, elongated berries. All species treated here occur in the lowlands of Amazonia and have been confused with one another by botanists for a long time.

INTERNATIONAL MARKET TRENDS - TROPICAL FLOWERS

INTERNATIONAL MARKET TRENDS - TROPICAL FLOWERS

A new species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Espírito Santo State, eastern Brazil

AbstractA new species of Anthurium (A. viridispathum E.G.Gonç., sp. nova) is described and illustrated. It occurs in rocky outcrops in Espírito Santo state, eastern Brazil. It seems to be closer to Anthurium validinervium Engl., but differs in the primary lateral veins departing from the midrib in a more obtuse angle (45–55° not 30°), much wider spathe (2–2.3 times longer than broad, not 5–6) and inflorescenes longer than leaves (much shorter in A. validinervium).Anthurium viridispathum is tentavely placed in the section Urospadix Engl. subsection Obscureviridia Engl. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Enhanced Histological Technique for Observation of Spathe Pigmentation in Anthurium species and Hybrids

A hybridization strategy for certain coloration could be developed based on accurate histological information of parental material together with the knowledge of heritability of color and color intensity. A sample of 12 Anthurium species and hybrids were histologically examined for pigmentation in spathes using a new method employing vacuum infiltration of spathe tissue with polyethylene glycol (PEG) prior to cross-sectioning. PEG infiltration displaces intercellular air spaces between cells. This method greatly improved the clarity of the cross sections and consequently improved observations of spatial localization of anthocyanins and chloroplasts. This infiltration method accurately identified the spatial localization of pigments for future breeding reference, notably among Anthurium species.

Modelling distribution patterns in a species‐rich plant genus, Anthurium (Araceae), in Ecuador

ABSTRACTModelling potential species distributions has become a powerful tool for botanists in recent years. Using herbarium specimen data and GIS desktop software, we modelled the potential distribution of 36 endemic and 47 non‐endemic species of Anthurium (Araceae) in Ecuador based on mean annual temperature and humidity. Our results indicate the most important region for endemics in western Ecuador lies between the Andes and Coastal mountain ranges between 200 and 700 m, while for eastern Ecuador a belt of potential high diversity occurs directly along the foothills of the Andes under 1000 m. A very interesting result of this study highlights a site of predicted high species diversity at the borders of Guyas, Cañar, Bolivar, and Chimborazo, as well as sites within the Cordillera del Condor along the border with Peru. Potential richness for non‐endemic Anthurium species was similar to that of endemics with the inclusion of a large area of Amazonian lowlands in the east of the country. Over 40% of the protected areas in Ecuador occur in the eastern Amazonian lowlands, an area of low diversity for Anthurium endemics. Overall, for areas with potential high concentrations of endemic species identified in this study, only 3.1% are within Ecuador's protected areas.

Pollination of Anthurium (Araceae) by derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Cyclanthura flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Derelomini) are identified for the first time as pollinators of multiple species of Anthurium (Araceae) in Costa Rica. The weevils are present on the inflorescences in small numbers during the pistillate and staminate phase of anthesis, and consume plant tissues and pollen. The individuals of one species of Cyclanthura can visit several Anthurium species within the same locality. They also engage in reproductive activities and are likely to oviposit into the flowers. The mating strategies suggest that sperm precedence selects males that are able to secure their position as the last partner prior to oviposition.

A new species ofAnthurium (Araceae) from south-eastern Brazil

A new species ofAnthurium (Araceae) from south-eastern Brazil

Chromosome numbers for Anthurium and Philodendron spp. (Araceae) occurring in Bahia, Brazil

Chromosome numbers for four species of Anthurium and four species of Philodendron from Bahia, Brazil, were determined. New counts 2n = 30 for A. longipes and A. affine, 2n = 32 for P. pedatum and 2n = 34 P. blanchetianum and P. pachyphyllum represent the first reports for these species. The 2n = 32 found for P. imbe and 2n = 90 for A. bellum differ from earlier reports, whereas 2n = 30 and 60 for A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum confirms previous counts. A. affine had one to four B-chromosomes. We suggest secondary base numbers x = 15 for Anthurium and x = 16, 17 and 18 for Philodendron, produced by hybridizations and duplications involving the primary base numbers x = 7, 8 and 9.

Possible pollination by hummingbirds inAnthurium sanguineum Engl. (Araceae)

Species ofAnthurium presumably are pollinated by insects. In the montane rainforests of western Colombia we recorded eight species of hummingbirds paying regular visits to the nectar-producing inflorescences ofAnthurium sanguineum. At peak-floweringA. sanguineum plays an important role in the birds' nutrition. Pollen is deposited on the tip of the birds' bills, indicating that pollination by hummingbirds occurs frequently. As no other flower visitors were recorded, we consider hummingbirds the main pollinators toA. sanguineum.

Floral fragrance compounds of some anthurium (ARACEAE) species and hybrids

Floral fragrance compounds of five species Anthurium armeniense, A. fragrantissimum, A. lindenianum, A. ochranthum and A.roseospadix, and three hybrids of A. armeniense were studied using headspace adsorption and solvent extraction for sample preparation followed by capillary GC and GC-MS analysis. Twenty eight compounds were identified and their levels (%) assessed at the scent-emitting pistillate stage of the spadix. Variation of compounds in the headspace in response to the time of day were determined in a hybrid, A. antioquiense × ‘Tatsuta Pink Obake’ (UH1299), which emitted strong fragrance all day. Chemical profiles from the headspace and from spadices soaked in CH2Cl2 were compared in three species. Combination of these two data sets would provide more complete chemotaxonomic profiles in Anthurium.

MICROPROPAGATION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL ORNAMENTALS

Early research on micropropagation of tropical and subtropical species primarily focused on germination, and subsequently multiplication of tropical orchid species. Following the development of a suitable germination medium by Knudson, Burgeff and others, and the subsequent landmark research on vegetative multiplication in vitro by Rotor and Morel, many studies were initiated aimed at micropropagation of a large number of species. Following research in many laboratories, commercialization of species in addition to orchids, such as Anthurium, Gerbera, Saintpaulia, Spathiphyllum, Syngonium and other ornamental foliage species soon became commonplace. Further interest in market-driven rapid multiplication, along with a newly recognized need for conservation of rare and endangered species, stimulated additional efforts to develop new in vitro techniques for cacti, succulents, bromeliads and carnivorous plants, to mention a few examples. In addition, many novel plants from South Africa, Australia and other tropical and subtropical locales have received a great deal of attention in recent years and have significantly expanded the palette of plants available to the horticultural industry. The new exciting tools of biotechnology, such as transformation techniques, are being brought to bear on improvement and propagation of ornamental plant species.

In vitro tolerance and resistance to burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, in Anthurium species

Five Anthurium species closely related to two of the cultivated ornamentals, A. andraeanum Lind. ex Andre and A. scherzerianum Schott, and one species of breeding interest, were screened in vitro for tolerance and resistance to the nematode Radopholus similis Cobb, 1893. Adjustment of the tolerance measurement to the initial and uninoculated treatment measurement improved the screening method. Use of a nematode strain with a relatively slow reproduction rate enabled concurrent screening for tolerance and resistance to R. similis in Anthurium. Based on a lower relative symptom index, A. pittieri Engl., A. ravenii Croat and Baker, A. antioquiense Engl. and A. aripoense N. E. Br. reduce nematode damage as compared to the reference standard, ‘Midori’. However, A. antioquiense and A. aripoense had higher root damage than ‘Midori’. Lower nematode damage in A. pittieri and A. ravenii is positively correlated with greater plant vigor or to fewer target roots for nematode infection. A. ravenii was among the most resistant species as measured by nematode reproduction. This is followed by A. aripoense and A. pittieri. Thus, strong plant vigor, fewer target roots for nematode infection, and/or lower nematode reproduction (higher nematode resistance) resulted in lower nematode damage in A. pittieri and A. ravenii. Combining the nematode damage and nematode reproduction results, A. pittieri and A. ravenii were identified as more tolerant than the reference standard ‘Midori’.