Specialty Of Psychology Research Articles

Theoretical Aspects of Research and Development of Creativity in Psychology Students

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of the main views on the idea of creativity of psychology students. The relevance indicates the importance of systematization of existing approaches to the study of creativity of students of psychological specialties and the development of recommendations for its development. Professionally important qualities of future psychologists are revealed, a special place among which is given to creativity. The main part of the article presents a traditional definition of the concept of “creativity”, which is understood as a general ability based on the interaction of all aspects of general intelligence, the ability to productive thinking and personal characteristics. Features of the development of creativity in the student environment are presented. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of creativity in psychology students based on the analysis of modern domestic and foreign studies. Thus, the prevalence of medium and low levels of creativity in psychology students is noted, which increase in the learning process. In the development of creative thinking and creativity in psychology students, an integrated approach should be used, including psychological and pedagogical technologies and methods of work in educational and extracurricular activities.

Medical training program size and clinical staff productivity and turnover.

The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of resident program training size on clinician productivity and turnover in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the largest education and training platform for medical professionals in the United States. We retrieved administrative data on training programs and training facilities from the VA Office of Academic Affiliations and the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse. Data on primary care physician shortage areas were retrieved from the Health Resources and Services Administration. We used a quasi-experimental instrumental variables 2SLS design and constructed an exogenous predicted training allocation treatment variable as a function of the total national training program allocation. The outcome was clinical staff productivity and turnover. Secondary analyses stratified results using Health Professional Shortage Areas data (HPSA). Data were obtained for a national dataset of 141 VHA medical facilities and 26 specialties that hosted training programs across 11 years from 2011 to 2021 (N = 132,177). Instrumental variables results showed that on average, an increase of one training slot in a specialty leads to a decrease of 0.039 visits per standardized clinic day (p < 0.001) and a 0.02 percentage point increase in turnover (p < 0.001). The direction of this association varied by specialty: while psychiatry and psychology specialties saw a decline in productivity, fields such as primary care and cardiology experienced an increase in productivity. HPSA stratified results indicate that negative effects on productivity and turnover are driven by areas with little to no primary care physician shortage, whereas shortage areas experienced a small increase in productivity and no effect on turnover. This quasi-experimental evaluation indicates that resident training program size is associated with reduced productivity and increased turnover in specialties such as psychiatry and in facilities with high baseline productivity. However, in specialties like primary care and cardiology, as well as areas with shortages of primary care, larger training programs are associated with increased productivity.

Training guidelines and competencies for serious mental illness (SMI) psychology.

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) face unique and significant challenges that require evidence-based practices and clinicians who have advanced, comprehensive training to provide them. SMI affects about 5.5% of the U.S. population and results in serious health, social, and economic burdens. Despite advancements in treatment over the past 50 years, training programs for psychologists and other mental health providers have failed to keep up with these advances, underutilizing evidence-based assessments and interventions developed specifically for this population and found to be efficacious. To address this, the SMI Psychology Specialty has developed Training Guidelines to establish consistent, high-quality, and evidence-based training for postdoctoral psychologists. This article highlights selected features of the Training Guidelines for SMI Psychology. Although these were developed for postdoctoral training programs in SMI Psychology, they are applicable to training programs at all levels, and we hope that training programs in psychology and other mental health disciplines will incorporate these advances into their curricula. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Features of learning motivation and value-sense sphere of first-year students of psychological specialties in conditions of martial law in Ukraine

Features of learning motivation and value-sense sphere of first-year students of psychological specialties in conditions of martial law in Ukraine

A third sector outreach project to increase knowledge of psychological wellbeing, psychological therapies and how to access mental health services for older people in a Scottish health board

Despite psychological therapies being as, if not more, effective for older adults as compared to working age adults, older adults face additional barriers in accessing psychological therapies, and are more likely than working aged adults to be offered pharmacological intervention in the first instance. This paper describes an outreach program carried out by the Older Adult Psychology Specialty in NHS Ayrshire and Arran, which aimed to increase knowledge and understanding of psychological therapies for older people living in the health board area, and to provide information about healthy ageing from a psychological perspective to a population who may otherwise not have had access to this information. This paper summarises this work and gives suggestions for future developments. Whilst this project was set in a semi-rural Scottish context, there are elements that could be replicated in other UK board areas that have a similar service aim and that have similar third sector agencies operating in their area.

When worlds collide: The romantic relationship experiences of bisexual‐identifying Asian American men

AbstractRelationships, their processes, and outcomes are shaped by sociocultural norms and practices. The specialty of counseling psychology emphasizes the importance of a holistic understanding of the social context of lived experience as it affects health and well‐being. We used a queer paradigm and an intersectional approach to inquire about the romantic relationship experiences of 15 bisexual‐identifying Asian American men (BIAAM) who were at least 23 years old. In‐depth interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. A recursive process of coding resulted in findings that focused on the influence of gender and bisexual stigma on romantic relationship experiences. Relationship experiences were constructed in the context of White hegemonic masculinity norms requiring the performance of dominance and emotional restriction. Experiences of bisexual stigma included fears of rejection from gay and Asian communities that shaped the choice of partners and disclosure and concealment decisions. BIAAM create and maintain their romantic relationships in a social context that challenges them to straddle socially constructed binaries and hierarchies for performing gender, sexuality, and race. We discuss the implications of the findings for culturally competent and effective intervention.

Analysis on the Training Mode of Individualized Talents in Applied Psychology

The teaching of applied psychology is characterized by practicality, which requires students to serve the society with professional psychological knowledge, and to show their creative value through theoretical knowledge in applied psychology. However, according to the existing teaching experience, applied psychology has not established a more scientific and effective education mechanism: local professional education activities started late, and students' quality is low; The training mode for professional talents is not mature, and teaching methods need to be improved. Based on the talent training mechanism established by applied psychology specialty, this paper discusses how to build a personalized talent training model.

Towards optimal use of antithrombotic therapy of people with cancer at the end of life: A research protocol for the development and implementation of the SERENITY shared decision support tool

BackgroundEven though antithrombotic therapy has probably little or even negative effects on the well-being of people with cancer during their last year of life, deprescribing antithrombotic therapy at the end of life is rare in practice. It is often continued until death, possibly resulting in excess bleeding, an increased disease burden and higher healthcare costs. MethodsThe SERENITY consortium comprises researchers and clinicians from eight European countries with specialties in different clinical fields, epidemiology and psychology. SERENITY will use a comprehensive approach combining a realist review, flash mob research, epidemiological studies, and qualitative interviews. The results of these studies will be used in a Delphi process to reach a consensus on the optimal design of the shared decision support tool. Next, the shared decision support tool will be tested in a randomised controlled trial. A targeted implementation and dissemination plan will be developed to enable the use of the SERENITY tool across Europe, as well as its incorporation in clinical guidelines and policies. The entire project is funded by Horizon Europe. ResultsSERENITY will develop an information-driven shared decision support tool that will facilitate treatment decisions regarding the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy in people with cancer at the end of life. ConclusionsWe aim to develop an intervention that guides the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy, prevents bleeding complications, and saves healthcare costs. Hopefully, usage of the tool leads to enhanced empowerment and improved quality of life and treatment satisfaction of people with advanced cancer and their care givers.

Atypical jobs in psychology: Interview of Dr. Ellen Scrivner.

This publication highlights the career of Dr. Ellen Scrivner, a past president of American Psychological Association's (APA's) Division 18 and a pioneer in the specialty of police and public safety psychology. While psychologists' work with police and public safety may be typical now, Dr. Scrivner's journey and work were atypical when she embarked on her academic studies and began her career. Although initially intrigued by the science of changing behavior, she became more interested in changing the behaviors of organizations throughout her time as a psychology major in undergraduate studies. Dr. Scrivner followed this passion through her graduate studies and into her career. As a professional working with police in public safety, having a background in psychology has allowed Dr. Scrivner to better assist organizations in transitioning or creating different, coherent, and more effective patterns or practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Рефлексивное отношение к профессии студентов-психологов с разными типами мотивации

The article contains a description of the characteristics of reflexive behavior of psychology students with different motivational complex describing readiness for professional activity. The structure of psychological readiness contains motivational, cognitive, operational and emotional components, the greatest value of which for the formation of a positive attitude to the profession is usually allocated motivational. The main purpose of the study was to study the distinctive characteristics in the emotionally positive / negative and active / passive attitude to the profession of students with different motivational complexes. The study sample consisted of 133 graduate students of psychological specialties of the Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy of Omsk State Pedagogical University. The groups of students with pronounced internal motivation, external motivation of positive and negative orientation are determined, the motivational complexes of students are also determined as a combination of these motives in varying degrees of their severity. In accordance with the purpose of the study, it was revealed that subjects with a predominance of external motivation (with an intermediate and unfavorable motivational complex) have similar indicators of emotional attitude to the profession and an active position in its acquisition. In the practical part of the study, the testing method was used. The results of the study allowed us to determine the main characteristics of psychology students in the process of forming their psychological readiness for professional activity in the process of studying at a university. The use of mathematical statistics methods made it possible to identify differences both in motivational complexes and in the attitude of students to their future profession. The results help to identify the main directions of further research within the framework of the problem of formation of psychological readiness of psychology students for professional activity in modern conditions of the educational process.

Аттенционные возможности современных студентов

We study basic attentional properties among modern students. The practical experience of lecturing psychodiagnostic disciplines for more than 10 years has allowed us to draw attention to the decrease in attention indicators among students of the modern generation compared to their predecessors. The purpose of the study is to identify the students’ level of development of the basic properties of attention (capacity and concentration). We present results of diagnostics of second-year students of psychological specialties according to the test by Bourdon–Anfimov. All study participants possess good vision and a sufficient level of motivation to participate in the measurement. The obtained indicators show a decrease in concentration of attention with sufficient capacity in the surveyed students. Diagnostic results are given: 1) with changed instructions according to the same method and 2) with an alternative method – the Toulouse–Pieron test. A comparison of the data shows that the reason for the low concentration rates is not the aim for accuracy; the students who were successful in the correction task were also successful in the Toulouse–Pieron test; the percentage of successful students in Toulouse–Pieron test and the correction task has significant differences. This suggests that the absolute indicators of the sufficiency of the level of attention concentration in the correction task are most likely overstated. The results of the study allow us to raise the question of the need to revise some standards for the properties of attention according to the test by Bourdon–Anfimov. The revealed practical issue actualizes the need to consider the correctness and compliance with the standards of psychodiagnostic tools.

Scientific activity of students as an important factor of sustainable development in the scientific and social spheres

For sustainable development in various fields, highly qualified personnel are required. One of the ways to train such personnel is to involve young people in scientific activities while studying at the university. The author asks questions: how do students of psychological specialties perceive scientific activities, what emotional states arise in students when thinking about scientific activities or directly in the process of doing it. The introduction contains researches devoted to students' research activities; author presents his own model. The section "Methods" describes the sample: 73 students of psychological specialties; the author's questionnaire is given. The section "Results" reveals the students' opinion on how scientific activity can be included in various types of student activity, students' perception of scientific activity and their emotional states when thinking about it. The most frequently chosen emotional states are: interest and inspiration. The section "Discussion " contains the results obtained by other researchers. The author offers practical steps to popularize scientific activity at the university and introduce students to it. In conclusion, it is concluded that some university students have a superficial knowledge of research activities. Some students who would potentially like to start doing research don’t do it.

Clinical health psychology in healthcare: Psychology's contributions to the medical team

The specialty of clinical health psychology is focused on the intersection of, and interplay between, physical and behavioral health. Many clinical health psychologists are employed in medical settings and embedded within healthcare teams. While the value of clinical health psychologists in healthcare has been well documented, literature synthesizing the contributions of clinical health psychologists in optimizing outcomes in team-based healthcare is limited. In this article, we provide an overview of the history of the field of clinical health psychology, as well as current established training requirements and competencies, and models of professional practice within the medical setting. We clarify the unique contributions of clinical health psychologists as members of healthcare teams, highlighting areas of expertise in assessment, treatment, consultation, education, and advocacy. Specifically, we describe the ways in which clinical health psychologists partnering with medical providers to address psychological and behavioral factors in health and illness can optimize patient functioning, outcomes, and quality of life; improve healthcare policy; and streamline healthcare costs, above and beyond a traditional medical model. The REDACTED practice in the Department of REDACTED and REDACTED Postdoctoral Fellowship program is presented as an example to illustrate the ways in which clinical health psychologists integrate within healthcare teams and specialty areas to improve patients’ health, functioning, and quality of life. Overall, this paper explicitly outlines the value of the specialty within the healthcare setting.

Alopecia Areata

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this search was to review the literature on the subject of alopecia areata. METHODS This literary review utilized the library databases of Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PubMed as well as the medical research platform Ovid, exploring topics associated with the subject matter of alopecia areata examining issues associated with the autoimmune disorder including diagnosis, treatment, and the patient experience. This investigation examines the diagnosis and progression of the autoimmune disease including relevant and recent literature reflecting research outcomes from the specialties of dermatology, psychology, genetics, and nursing. RESULTS In summary, the outcome of the literature exploration reflects research from the specialties of dermatology, psychology, and medicine, revealing numerous difficulties patients diagnosed with alopecia areata experience. CONCLUSION The nursing profession pursues research to promote best practice and improve patient outcomes; however, nursing research falls short on the topic of alopecia areata. This autoimmune disorder causes a significant psychological impact on people living with the disease; therefore, individuals diagnosed with the condition experience the unique phenomenon of living without hair. The literature review indicates the need for further investigation of the essence of living with the daily reality of cyclic patterns of hair loss and the resulting health-illness transition from one stable state of health to another state of health.

A-238 Test Selection Among Psychologists in the USA

Abstract Objective: Explore popular assessments among psychologists from various specialties and variables impacting test selection. Method: A survey designed by Rabin and colleagues (2016) was adapted with permission and administered via Qualtrics, taking 10-15 minutes to complete. Sampled individuals were licensed doctoral level psychologists living in the USA across multiple disciplines. School psychologists with master’s degree were also included. Non-parametric correlations were conducted to understand variables impacting test selection practices, particularly psychometrics (e.g., ecological validity, normative groups) and frequency of assessment. Results: Demographics of the 77 participants meeting study criteria are reviewed. The top three most popular assessments for all participants were: WAIS-IV (11.1%), WISC-V (8.7%), and PAI (6.8%). Popular assessments for the fields of neuropsychology, forensic, clinical and school psychology are reported. No significant relationships were found between psychology specialty and major psychometric variables tested. Psychology specialty was significantly related to time spent on assessment (𝝆 = -0.46, p &amp;lt; .001) and the number of tests in each battery (𝝆 = -0.36, p = .006). However, there was no relationship between psychology specialty and number of assessments conducted each week. Conclusions: Wechsler intelligence tests continued as the most popular assessments among all sampled participants. PAI increased in popularity whereas projectives decreased in popularity. Results for individual psychology specialties remained relatively consistent with previous literature, except for forensic participants. All specialties reported similar likelihood of using assessments reflecting real-world outcomes and demographically representative normative data. Specialized fields of psychology may devote additional time to assessment and use longer batteries despite similar caseloads. Possible explanations are provided.

Establishing Applied Forensic Psychology in Palestine: Legal and Psychological Issues

Forensic Psychology is the branch of psychology focused on the production and application of psychological principles to the legal process including competency, validity of defenses based on mental health behavior, predicting violent behavior, assessing injury and child custody1. Forensic Psychology has evolved in the United States since 2001 when it was recognized as a specialty of the American Psychological Association (APA) and psychologists are now serving the court systems in a wide variety of tasks2. Unfortunately, in developing nations such as Palestine both access to and understanding of the specialty of Forensic Psychology is minimal, leaving critical functions of legal systems where psychological data is needed, unserved and uninformed3. The following study was conducted in Nablus, West Bank Palestine where the first Master of Clinical Psychology program has produced a cohort of mental health professionals with an expertise in Forensic Psychology. The intervention focused on the training of lawyers (with a specialty in domestic violence and family protection) on the general principles and uses of psychology in the legal system and an introduction of how they could use forensic psychologists to the benefit of the court. The data determined that participants in the one-day training module gain significant understanding and motivation to use forensic psychologists in their practice (.002 level of significance) and that the effect was undifferentiated by age, gender, place of residence or education level). The current study determines that with a minimal effort legal professionals can gain both understanding and a motivation to use psychological professionals, even in systems where there was no previous exposure to the field. Such openings can change the practice of law and legal systems in a positive way to include the expertise of mental health professionals at every level of governance and jurisdiction. Having access to and incorporating psychological data from qualified professionals into developing legal institutions is critical in insuring human rights and scienced based evidence at every level of societal systems.

Desarrollo de la creatividad. Una guía básica para psicólogos

The present work seeks to increase the interest of psychologists to promote the creativity of people, in the specialties of Organizational, Clinical, and Educational psychology. He highlights the application of mindfulness and recommends learning about “lateral thinking” useful for creative problem solving. The document is mainly oriented for students of the professional career of psychology

Особенности ранних дезадаптивных схем будущих психологов в зависимости от возрастного периода

The article discusses the age characteristics of early maladaptive schemes (EMS) of students of psychological specialties. In order to determine the EMS of psychology students, the questionnaire «Diagnostics of early maladaptive schemes of J. Young» was used. Empirically the specific EMS complexes of future psychologists in adult and adolescence were identified. Differences in the EMS of students in the sub-periods of adolescence and adulthood have been statistically proven. With age, psychology students decrease the severity of vulnerability, uncertainty and stability of relations, and the level of differentiation of identity increases. In the transitional period of adulthood, future psychologists are the least inclined to self-sacrifice and obedience to rigid rules.

Understanding the rehabilitation psychology specialty career pathway.

Little is known about how psychologists choose their specialty practice area, and rehabilitation psychology is no exception. Specialization and specialty certification in professional psychology have been controversial topics impacting the field during the training sequence and across the span of professional careers (Drum & Blom, 2001; Robiner & Fossum, 2017). The American Board of Rehabilitation Psychology (ABRP) has been providing specialty certification since 1995 and rehabilitation psychology was recognized as a unique specialty in 2015 by the APA's Council for the Recognition of Specialties and Proficiencies in Professional Psychology (CRSPPP). There are limited established training programs and minimal information about the specialty in undergraduate course materials. The current survey is intended to provide information about how people are introduced to the field of rehabilitation psychology, specialty identification, and to identify opportunities for improvement. A survey of members of APA Division 22 and ABRP specialists was conducted to collect information about their exposure to and involvement in rehabilitation psychology. Results from 174 respondents suggest that personal relationships are the current key means of recruitment and confirms that rehabilitation psychology has limited presence in undergraduate training. Most professionals come to identify with rehabilitation psychology after training in clinical neuropsychology and health psychology. These preliminary results suggest that the current generalist training sequence does not provide sufficient exposure to, or preparation for the field of rehabilitation psychology. Recruitment opportunities should emphasize student leadership network activities and the identification of early and midcareer practitioners unaware of the rehabilitation specialty. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Guidelines for psychological practice for people with low-income and economic marginalization: Executive summary.

This is a summary of the guidelines for working with low-income and economically marginalized (LIEM) people developed by the American Psychological Association (APA) task force and approved by the APA Council of Representatives. The task force, consisting of psychologists from a range of psychological specialties and both practice and educational settings, created guidelines in four main categories: Education and Training, Health Disparities, Treatment Considerations, and Career Concerns and Unemployment. Each category includes specific guidelines and recommended interventions. Further, the task force identified two major assumptions that cut across all of the recommendations: (1) The intersection of economic status and other identities is critical to psychological and other aspects of health, and (2) biases and stigma exacerbate the negative experiences of living with LIEM, and must be acknowledged and confronted by psychologists and trainees. Many of the guidelines and corollary interventions reinforce the need for psychologists and trainees to engage in activities that increase their own self-awareness and knowledge of issues and concerns that are exacerbated by economic marginalization, as well as challenge their own implicit and explicit biases related to social class and poverty. The impact of economic marginalization on education, health, and career attainment are addressed, and adaptations to psychological interventions are recommended. The task force concludes with a call to engage psychologists in action that seeks and promotes economic justice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).