Special Language Research Articles

On the boundaries of special languages for translation of university management documents: Spanish-Russian

Research on special languages is approached from different perspectives: lexical, morphosyntactic and textual; for different purposes: language teaching, terminology, translation, or communication between specialists; and with methodologies and techniques from different disciplines, which makes it challenging to establish the limits of the field of study. From the point of view of translation, one of the key issues is establishing clear and well-defined boundaries of specialized texts to transfer both terminological and stylistic aspects to the target text. Therefore, this work aims to contribute to the research on the relationship between translation and special languages in Russian and Spanish by studying the language of the university management context after the Bologna Process, and then shed light on the establishment of the domain boundaries in special languages. The vast production of technical documents, reports, declarations, manuals, annual reports, institutional agreements raises the following complementary objectives of this research: to define the relevant role of translation in the specialized communication process, and present a delimitation of the conceptual field adapted to the translator’s needs. Therefore, we start from the premise that the detailed study of the characteristics of university terminology in both educational systems will help to solve some of the gaps in the specialized Spanish-Russian university domain. Therefore, the first section of the paper presents the theoretical background shared by the study of special languages, terminology and translation to conclude that identifying the conceptual field is crucial for the three disciplines. The second part of the paper presents the results of a textual and terminological study that highlights the main problems of equivalence between the language of university management in Spanish and Russian, and especially the difficulties of clearly delimiting the scope of the special language due to the number of areas that converge in this field along with the variety of documents generated.

THE CAT IS A SACRED IMAGE OF THE KAZYM GODDESS: ON THE PERMIAN COMPONENT IN THE KHANTY CULTURE

One of the most significant Ob-Ugric deities is the Kazym goddess (Wŭt imi, Kasәm naj, Kasәm imi); she is revered not only by the Kazym Khanty, who consider her their legendary ancestor, but also by other dialect-ethnographic groups of the Ob Ugrians. Like other patron spirits of the Ob-Ugric peoples, the Kazym goddess can take zoomorphic images, the most popular of them, associated with the goddess, is a black white-breasted cat. The research is based on ethnographic information, folklore materials, as well as sources on Khanty and Komi linguistics. The purpose of the work is to consider the data of the language and culture associated with the cult of the cat among the Kazym Khanty, as well as to compare them with the materials characterizing the image of the cat in the Perm cultures: the authors give its description (the sacred appearance of the animal into which the Kazym goddess is reincarnated), reveal the semiotic meaning, and carry out a comparative analysis. The nomination kań , presumably originating from the Komi language, is of interest. However, the analysis of the Khanty-Russian dictionaries revealed a similar vocabulary unit kɔń , káń , kań with the meaning ‘arctic fox; white beast’ in the eastern and southern dialects of the Khanty language. A special language intended for cats and dogs by the Kazym Khanty, personifying images of deities, is considered. From the general Ugro-Permian ideas about a cat: it is considered a “medium” and is able to protect from trouble.

ANALYSIS OF THE ROOTS OF DUALISM SEMANTICS EXISTING IN ZOOMORPHIC AND ANTHROPOMORPHIC IMAGES BELONGING TO ANCIENT TURKIC ART

The analysis of the processes of creation and development of material and spiritual values of the ancient Turkic peoples leading a nomadic lifestyle before our era is possible only when studying the subject world that has come down to us from the ancient Turks. The correct disclosure of the content of the mythological philosophical system and its symbols, images belonging to the ancient Turks, who left behind a rather small number of written samples and almost exclusively kurgan-type monuments, is based on a thorough, serious study of the hidden semantics of various zoomorphic or therioanthropomorphic compositions created by ancient masters on materials such as metal, bone and wood. The samples of decorative and applied art created by ancient Turkic masters differ not only in the plasticity of the forms themselves, compositional constructions and intense internal rhythmics, strict observance of the canons of the image. On each piece of art created by the ancient Turks, we can see an iconographic image of the harmony of the universe, which arose from the struggle of two basic life principles, one of the first philosophical systems of human civilization – dualism. The ancient Turkic art with its content was able to enrich the mythological thinking created by archaic times with new artistic forms and with new ethical and aesthetic elements. Compositions and images created by ancient Turkic masters could often fully express both artistic and philosophical, religious and ritual, and ethical content at the same time. This gave a powerful impetus to the appearance of art samples that could act as visual carriers of the mythological system inherent in the ancient Turkic world, and had a special language of description peculiar only to it. The research of the article is aimed at studying the influence of the aesthetic principles of dualism on ancient Turkic art.

Concurrent and longitudinal contributions of phonological awareness to early adolescent Chinese reading acquisition

This study investigated universal and language-specific phonological awareness in reading development among Chinese early adolescent students. Seventy-six children participated in this study and completed a series of reading tasks at two data collection points across Grades 5 and 6. In Grade 5, universal phonological awareness (syllable, onset, rhyme, and phoneme awareness), language-specific phonological awareness (tone awareness) as well as character recognition and production measurements were administered to the participants. Lexical inferencing ability was measured in Grade 6. Character recognition and lexical inference were coded as the outcome variables. Subsequent multiple regression analyses showed that Time 1 (Grade 5) language-universal onset and phoneme awareness predicted character recognition and production at Time 1. More strikingly, the study demonstrated that language-specific tone awareness exerted a longitudinal effect on later lexical inferencing ability after controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence. Results underscored both the universality and language specificity of phonological awareness and provided empirical evidence to substantiate the facilitative role of early language-specific psycholinguistic grain size in later reading performance.

The Application of Geometric Figures in Logo Design

In social production and communication activities, signs are used as a special visual language symbol to convey specific information and meaning to the public in its concise and concise form. As an abstract figure, geometric figure has the characteristics of simplicity, easy identification, easy memory, and strong visual impact. The use of geometric figures in logo design not only enriches the shape of the logo design, but also helps express the specific meaning of the logo. This paper studies the methods of reconstruction and combination of geometric figures used in various signs. The combination and reconstruction of geometric figures makes the logo more concise and clearer.

Communicative failures of ukrainian speakers in learning german

The article analyzes communicative deviations that occur during the communication between German native speakers and non-native speakers, particularly Ukrainians. Despite existing intercultural and sociolinguistic studies, the analysis of language specificity that causes communicative deviations, failures and misunderstandings remains relevant and understudied. The purpose of this article is to identify and explore the German language peculiarities that cause misunderstandings in communication for non-native speakers, in particular Ukrainian speakers, and offer the algorithm for the representatives of different ethnic communities to help them avoid and resolve possible conflicts given the study of German as a foreign language. The status of the concept of communicative deviation in intercultural communication under conditions of insufficient communicative competence is determined in this article. The study uses the term communicative deviation in favor of a generalized term, a broad concept of linguistic, speech and communicative deviations in dialogic speech, in particular between native German speakers and non-native speakers. The empirical research was based on the speech activity of Ukrainian students during classes at the Department of German Studies and Translation (levels B2–C1) of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in 2019–2021 academic years and definitions from the Universal Dictionary of German Duden, in addition to the materials reflected in textbooks and teaching manuals as well as from authentic German-language sources. Communicative deviations are identified and analyzed in phonological, lexical, syntactic and pragmatic aspects.

Revisiting Semantic Issues of Proper Names

The semantic status of proper names in linguistics and language philosophy has been comprehensively studied. It has long been held that proper names are mainly used to refer to certain entities, not to describe them. However, while Millian theorists claim that proper names do not possess a lexical meaning but directly refer to a certain entity, Fregean scholars assert that proper names do carry meanings, and the problem is just about the “meaning” employed. This paper argues that the Mill-Frege dichotomy can be bridged from the Vietnamese perspective by using proper name specifics of the Vietnamese language, and that as a cultural universal, names convey both denotational and connotational contents. However, the content of names can only be determined in each specific language community based on clarification of traditional and cultural values embodied in the naming process.

The Using Communicative Language Teaching in the Online Class through Soundcloud, Zoom, and Google Classroom Applications

The schools have been implementing online learning during the pandemic. Teachers are required to be able to do online learning where these activities require the role of information and communication technology (ICT). Teachers cannot ensure that every student will understand the material taught during online learning. Therefore, the teacher must make several effective learning methods and approaches which can make students enthusiastic in learning and understanding the material presented. One approach that can be used by teachers is CLT (Communicative Language Teaching). Social interactions used in communicative language teaching can be done through dialogue, discussion, role-playing, etc. Nowadays, teachers implement many applications to support the online learning process, such as SoundCloud, Zoom, and Google Classroom. The use of those applications is to assist students in improving their skills. CLT can be used to teach many things such as vocabulary development, communication among instructors and learners, use of specialist language to a minimum, use of language (in the context of communication in general), use of Information Technology, information search skills, personal viewpoint argumentation abilities, nonverbal skills, and group networking skills.

Tatwir Wasilah Ta’lim Fii qismi At-ta’lim Al-lughah Al-Arabiyah Bi Isti’mal Airsite

Now, the evolution of time is known as the technological and digital age. The main issue in this thesis is how to develop the teaching method in the Arabic language department using Airsite? The desired objectives of this research are: To describe the needs analysis, design and development of the teaching method in the Department of Teaching Arabic using Airsite. As for the two inputs used in this research, they are the qualitative approach and the quantitative one on the method of research and development in the 4D model, consisting of definition, design, development and dissemination. However, the researcher determined the research procedures for development in terms of expert arbitration in terms of the means. As for collecting data for research and development, by multiple means, including: documents, questionnaire, interview, and expert arbitration (in terms of the means) with notes and additions from experts. As for the results of the development research, they are: Analyzing the needs of the Arabic language teacher and analyzing the needs of the students indicates that the teacher and students need to be developed. The design of the teaching method consists of: collecting materials and making materials for the design of teaching Arabic language. As for the development of the teaching method, it consists of: certification of expert arbitration on the one hand. The means, product modification, and final production. Based on the development results, expert arbitration approval, and product experience, Airsite was very suitable to be used as an Arabic language teaching tool for a special Arabic language teaching design

A Computational Linguistic Approach for Gender Prediction Based on Vietnamese Names

Gender prediction is extensively studied in recent years since it is widely applied in many fields. Several factors have been investigated to determine a gender of male or female through facial images, voice, gait, finger print, etc. In this study, we present a machine learning approach for gender determination based on Vietnamese names. A model based on N-gram for the full name, combining its own middle name feature based on the specificity of Vietnamese language, is proposed. The experimental evaluation of gender prediction tasks is applied on GenderVN1.0 dataset (with 3 million Vietnamese names) that achieves 90.9% of accuracy.

A Study of Speech Acts in Joe Biden’s Opening and Closing Remarks at the Virtual Summit for Democracy: A Pragmatic Perspective

This article aims to show to what extent the speech acts theory can be useful for text analysis and meaning deciphering. It further seeks to unveil, beyond what is literally said in President Joe Biden’s opening and closing remarks, the underlying meanings subtly encoded via the different speech acts embedded therein to help grasp the ins and outs of the first summit for democracy. The study employs the mixed method to attain its objectives. The investigation has disclosed that representative speech acts have been used to describe the state of democracy worldwide today. They further reveal that the statistical data presented in the opening remarks as regards democracy is real and trustworthy. Democracy is therefore in trouble in virtually all countries in the world, even those held up or taken as models in this matter. Commissive speech acts have been used to reveal the plans President Biden has in mind for the re-establishment of democracy all over the world. Despite his rank, Joe Biden’s special language use via the directive speech and the social power he embodies shows that he is not an autocratic president. It also evokes the notion of politeness. In fact, he has been tactful, modest and very nice in his address to his audience. He has by so doing shown awareness and consideration of the face of the people attending the summit. The felicity, Sincerity and essential conditions testify to the validity of the direct speech acts recorded in the remarks. These felicity conditions indicate that the plans made and decisions reached at the summit as encoded via the commissive speech acts are going to be enforced for a better democratic world to live in. Achievement reports at the second upcoming summit for democracy will unquestionably help assess this accurately.

THE TERMINOLOGY OF ALLERGOLOGY − AN ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF LINGUISTICS

"This study deals with the terminology of allergology in Romanian, starting from the fact that there is an increasing concern of experts for the impact of this field on society at a global level. We will analyze, in the light of linguistics, the language specific to the field of allergology following the realization of a corpus of texts developed by specialists, in order to inform and educate the general public about types of allergies, allergic diseases, symptoms, and methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Terms are the linguistic representation of concepts, the result of the development of cognitive processes and of the communication between experts of a specialized language in the community (Sager 1997: 25). We have selected these texts because they represent a communication tool in respect of concepts, in which the terms of the field of allergology reflect the way in which knowledge is structured in the mind of the expert and how this knowledge is delivered to the general public. The syntagmatic analysis has shown that the most common phrases in the allergology terminology are bimember or multimember phrases, semantically rigid, having a hermetic character for a non-specialist in the field. However, the common vocabulary – specialized vocabulary relationship in the field of allergology is important, because the symptoms of allergies are represented by terms that are part of the common vocabulary. We have also identified interdisciplinary terms, which are common to several specialized languages, because the disciplines of allergology and clinical immunology are interrelated with other disciplines, such as dermatology, pneumology, ENT, pediatrics, occupational medicine, nephrology, rheumatology, internal medicine, transplant immunology, and clinical pharmacology."

Language specificity in the processing of affirmative and negative sentences.

It is agreed that understanding a negative sentence elicits additional neural responses in reversing the truth of an embedded affirmative proposition. However, this argument is challenged by previous neuroimaging studies when distinct languages are used. Therefore, we intended to explore the language specificity of affirmative and negative sentence processing in this study. We recruited a group of Chinese-English bilinguals to conduct a grammar judgment task of affirmative and negative sentences during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. And we kept syntactic complexity/sentence length matched in both affirmative and negative sentences. We found that negative sentences elicited more activation in the perisylvian region, which supported the 'truth reversing hypothesis' and argued the reversing process was implemented by the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. The significant language-by-sentence interaction effect in the inferior prefrontal cortex and rostral prefrontal cortex showed that sentential negation was influenced by distinctive language expression. These results demonstrated the 'truth reversing hypothesis'. Further analysis revealed the effect of language expression on the neural mechanism of sentential negation.

Stylistic Traces of Amarna Art in Reliefs of the Tomb of Petosiris (Tuna al Gebel Necropolis)

Abstract The famous tomb of Petosiris (a high priest of Thoth) in the Tuna al Gebel necropolis on the outskirts of the Middle Egyptian town of Hermopolis Magna is dated by the last quarter of the 4th c. bc. The pictorial program of the tomb, decorated with painted reliefs, has no known parallels in Ptolemaic art. In terms of iconography and style the reliefs rely on both Egyptian and Greek artistic traditions. This study attempts to trace elements of the so-called Amarna style among the whole variety of cultural impacts that shaped the unique character of the reliefs. Not only the visual similarity but also the short distance between the necropoli in Hermopolis Magna and Amarna city support the impetus for looking for pictorial parallels between the reliefs of the Petosiris tomb and the Amarna monuments. Some distinct stylistic details of the reliefs find no matches in Egyptian art but for the Amarna period. Nor do they originate from Macedonian or provincial Greek art. The reliefs of the tomb of Petosiris seem to be the only extant piece of art of the Graeco-Roman period that goes back to Amarna tradition in terms of techniques, style and, to some extent, iconography. The styling of the reliefs relies on three distinct visual paradigms – Classical (namely archaic) Egyptian, Amarna and Hellenistic – and seems to depend on subject matters of the particular parts of the program. The stylistic features deriving from different traditions probably served as a special visual language that helped to convey important meanings and connotations.

Исламский дискурс: проблема адекватности перевода религиозных текстов с арабского на русский

The paper aims to receive an adequate translation of the sacral (Islamic) text from Arabian into the Russian language. The scientific originality of the research is determined, firstly, by a new approach to identifying the principles of interpretation and translation of Arabian theological texts into the Russian language; secondly, by introducing previously unreported high volume of lexical and textual material into scientific circulation; thirdly, the study applies theological-linguistic expertise of the translations of Koran and Sunna to evaluate the compliance with translation equivalence, usage of language markers in translations considering the cultural-historical specificity of the Arabian language and Islamic realia for the first time. As a result, the study supports the thesis that in order to receive the adequate translation, it is necessary to maintain the model of Islamic discourse of the source text.

Parental Involvement in the Implementation of Personal Hygiene Practices for Students with Special Needs

This study aims to identify the level of parental involvement in the implementation of personal hygiene practices for children with special needs in Klang district. This study used a quantitative design, a survey study that utilized questionnaire method in data collection. The questionnaire instrument used in this study was taken from the previous study and modified according to the research objectives. The reliability value for the instrument was 0.87 and this instrument had been validated by two experts in the field of special education and language. The questionnaires were distributed using Google Form to the target parents. A total of 100 parents were selected by simple random sampling as respondents. Data obtained through the questionnaires were analyzed using ‘Statistical Package for the Social Science’ (SPSS) version 23.0 in the form of descriptive analysis. The findings showed that the total mean score for the knowledge level of parents was 4.70 which was very high. Meanwhile, the mean score level for the parental involvement in the personal hygiene care of students with special needs was 4.47, which was also very high. The findings also showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge and practice of parents in the hygiene care of special needs students. In conclusion, the level of parental involvement was very high in the hygiene practice of students with special needs in Klang district. It is hoped that this study can increase the awareness of personal hygiene among students with special needs through the role played by the parents.

Introduction: Language Contact in the Amdo Sprachbund

This paper gives a brief introduction to the Himalayan Linguistics special issue Language Contact in the Amdo Sprachbund. It briefly reviews some of the scholarship regarding language contact in the region, and traces the history of recognition that Amdo should be considered a Sprachbund. It suggests that Campbell’s (2017) concept of a “trait-sprawl area” offers a good way to characterize this Sprachbund. The seven papers included in the volume are also briefly summarized.

Езиково разнообразие и особености на езиковата политика в Молдова

Abstract: The article is an attempts to present the linguistic diversity and features of language policy in Moldova. At the same time, it does not aim at comprehensiveness and completeness in the study, but it approbates a methodology for future research in a dissertation. The focus is on identifying differences in graphic systems and in the use of languages as a state policy in several regions: Moldova, Gagauzia, Taraclia and Predestrovia. The first hypothesis is that linguistic diversity is the result of political, social and cultural factors and that linguistic diversity is presented in Moldova. The second hypothesis is that language policy reflects on the use of different languages in different areas. The aim is to analyse the representativeness of official languages and the status of minority languages in the Republic of Moldova after 1990. The objectives are to identify common and different language policies and diversity and to derive some factors and legal parameters and to present the specificity of language policy in Moldova before the last few decades. The methods used are secondary data analysis, content analysis of state documents, chronological and comparative approach. Otherness is analysed at several levels: languages, graphical systems and language policies. The results show the use of different graphical systems for the same language in different regions in Moldova. The representational function of official languages and the specificities of languages used in education and informal communication are also manifestations of otherness. Keywords: language policy, language situation, language contact, language planning, language construction.

What is the effect of pharmacological treatment for continuous spike-wave during slow wave sleep syndrome and Landau-Kleffner syndrome? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary.

What is the effect of pharmacological treatment for continuous spike-wave during slow wave sleep syndrome and Landau-Kleffner syndrome? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary.

ATTITUDES TO TEACHING ENGLISH TO NON-LINGUISTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

This article describes the approaches to teaching English to the students of higher educational establishments in Uzbekistan taking into account their future specialities, requirements of time and the country. The author suggests to look for easy and motivating ways of teaching foreign languages to the pre-service professionals of different fields. Analyzing the results of the survey and classroom observations, where the problems and needs of teachers and students were studied, the author valued the importance of teamwork, which develops the collaboration of students, forms tolerance, creativity and critical thinking of learners. The author suggests using the principle of localization, when designing tasks and materials for teaching English for specific purposes, which, in her opinion, makes learning a foreign language interesting and easy, as it takes advantage of the existing knowledge of students, directing them to do tasks familiar to them, which are usually used in their professional field, which alleviate difficulties in learning a foreign language. Such tasks not only enrich their knowledge, but also develop the qualities and skills necessary for future specialists. In conclusion, the author suggests to work not only with students, but also with teachers who need help in creating materials and assignments for teaching a foreign language for future specialists in various activities, as well as to create foreign language textbooks for each specialty.