Special Language Research Articles

The use of information technology in teaching a foreign language for specialists of agroindustrial complex

In modern society, the agro-industrial complex plays an important role in the economy of any country. That is why the education and training of specialists in the agro-industrial complex is a priority for the country. The use of foreign materials, technical equipment, and business contacts within the framework of concluding agreements with friendly countries require knowledge of foreign languages. The lack of knowledge of foreign languages is a hindering factor in the development of the agroindustrial sector. Modern technologies provide a huge range of opportunities to improve the level of knowledge of foreign languages. New technologies are becoming part of the educational process. The use of mobile devices in foreign language lessons is an urgent trend in the methodology, which requires new approaches and non–standard solutions. In this regard, there is a need to develop a methodology for using mobile technologies in English language teaching. The article describes the features of the introduction of mobile applications in the organization of students' work in teaching foreign languages. Electronic devices are increasingly being used as tools for education and language learning. As for interactive learning applications, students can use them to improve and control their skills in learning a foreign language. The features of mobile applications and their impact on the educational process are also revealed. Mobile applications are considered as a way of teaching vocabulary and grammar of the English language; the possibilities of practical use of mobile devices are analyzed. The purpose of this study is to review and describe English language learning using mobile applications. The article also deals with advantages and disadvantages while using apps in learning a foreign language, the essence and features of mobile applications in the educational process are considered.

ТЕКСТЫ ПОПУЛЯРНЫХ НЕМЕЦКИХ ПЕСЕН КАК ОТРАЖЕНИЕ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ ГЕРМАНИИ ПЕРИОДА 1945–1989 ГГ.: МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article is devoted to a diachronic review of popular German songs, which are an inexhaustible source of socio-political, historical and cultural heritage of Germany. A detailed study and deep understanding of the song heritage of any country contributes to a more effective mastery of a number of disciplines, among which a foreign language occupies one of the leading places. The author of the article pays special attention to the study of lexical, stylistic (artistic), thematic and functional features which reveal the cultural and historical wealth that the special language of a song in general and a German song in particular has. Using comprehensive, historical-cultural and didactic approaches to the song analysis, the author attempts to trace the relationship between a song in a foreign language and the sociocultural context of a certain historical era. At the same time, the author proves that the study of such a relationship is a cognitive process aimed at understanding the history and culture of the country of the language being studied. And the text of the song, being a type of a poetic text, is a complex phenomenon that includes historical, cultural and linguistic aspects. The diachronic review used in the article allows us to consider the qualitative changes that a popular piece of music – including a sung narration – undergoes over a certain period of time.

Вариации жесткости

One of the main derived objects of a given structure is its automorphism group, which shows how freely elements of the structure can be related to each other by automorphisms. Two extremes are observed here: the automorphism group can be transitive and allow any two elements to be connected to each other, or can be one-element, when no two different elements are connected by automorphisms, i.e., the structure is rigid. The rigidity given by a one-element group of automorphisms is called semantic. It is of interest to study and describe structures that do not differ much from semantically rigid structures, i.e., become semantically rigid after selecting some finite set of elements in the form of constants. Another, syntactic form of rigidity is based on the possibility of getting all elements of the structure into a definable closure of the empty set. It is also of interest here to describe “almost” syntactically rigid structures, i.e., structures covered by the definable closure of some finite set. The paper explores the possibilities of semantic and syntactic rigidity. The concepts of the degrees of semantic and syntactic rigidity are defined, both with respect to existence and with respect to the universality of finite sets of elements of a given cardinality. The notion of a rigidity index is defined, which shows an upper bound for the cardinalities of algebraic types, and its possible values are described. Rigidity variations and their degrees are studied both in the general case, for special languages, including the one-place predicate signature, and for some natural operations with structures, including disjunctive unions and compositions of structures. The possible values of the degrees for a number of natural examples are shown, as well as the dynamics of the degrees when taking the considered operations.

AN ANALYSIS OF JARGONS USED BY RECEPTIONISTS IN FRONT OFFICE HOTELS AT LOMBOK

This study aimed at identifying and describing the linguistic forms, the meanings and the functions of jargon used by receptionists of the front office department at Lombok Hotel. This study was conducted in qualitative method. The front office jargons were investigated in spoken and written forms. The subjects of this study were receptionists of the front office department at Lombok. The methods of data collection were observation, documentation and interview. This study found jargon were used by receptionists in front office department. It was found that the jargon was in the form of noun phrases abbreviation, noun, clipping, affixation, borowing , acronym , preposition phrases , verb , adjective , and coinage . The meanings of jargon were identified by investigating technical meaning. Besides, this study found that there were two functions of the jargon, (1) providing a technical or specialist language to make communication more efficient and (2) encouraging group solidarity. This study concluded that jargon is a way toexpress the feeling of the community and also have their own specific language

POST-EDITING DECISIONS IN MACHINE TRANSLATION OF LEGAL CONTRACTS

Legal translation requires special language use. It has therefore been many a time credited to be one of the most difficult genres to translate. Post-editing of machine translation is becoming more and widely employed in the translation industry. Even in languages that cannot boast huge amounts of resources, translating texts of certain genres is rarely conducted without resorting to machine translation, as the resulting quality seems to be approaching parity with human translation. This study attempts to analyze and compare post-editing decisions in machine translated legal contracts from English to Lithuanian and from English to Ukrainian. Legal contracts are part of the legal discourse with language characterized as being archaic, complex, culturally bound and typically stocked with formulaic phrases, specialized terms, and Latinisms. Being a technical type of discourse, legal translation may benefit from machine translation. The conclusions of the study are based on the findings of assessment of machine translation post-editing decisions made by professional translators. The findings demonstrate and support the results of previous research with other languages that the main trends are as follows: changes in noun and verb phrases in both languages, co- reference and reordering changes. Further study of the stated problem will allow expanding (targeting and detailing) the typology of post-editing actions, considering the specifics of Baltic (Lithuanian) and Slavic (Ukrainian) languages.

Pro-Peace vs. Pro-War Conceptualizations in the Language of Hungarian Propaganda

The language of propaganda can be treated as a specialist language with its own specialized terminology. It is produced by groups of variously configured propaganda experts responsible for the creation of propaganda messages, placed at one end of the communication channel, together with its specific target audience that consumes these messages, situated at the other end of the communication channel. As a result of this specialized communication process, the language of propaganda is function-oriented and its focus is always put on the objectives that are to be achieved. These include shaping and manipulating public opinions. For these goals to be successful, the language of propaganda must be equipped with efficient and well-designed conceptualizations able to change and modify the way people think. Defined as such, the language of propaganda is not a purely linguistic construct, but a multimodal tool able to make use of the visual and audiovisual output as well. The interest in mental processes such as conceptualization lies at the very center of cognitive linguistics and the study of cognitive mechanisms responsible for various types of conceptualizations is of high priority in cognitively driven approaches to language. Another issue which makes cognitive linguistics suitable for this type of research in specialist languages is its long standing preference for multidisciplinary and multimodal phenomena. Applying the methodology of cognitive linguistics, the present paper aims at identifying and discussing the PRO-PEACE vs. PRO-WAR network of conceptualizations in the language of Hungarian propaganda, often compared in its mastery with Orwell’s newspeak or the Soviet propaganda machinery because of its power and influence. Hungary’s leading right-wing party, Fidesz-KDNP, has retained political control in Hungary ever since its landslide victory in the 2010 national elections and developed a powerful propaganda tool that is ideally customized to the culture-specific preferences of Hungarian voters. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, this research studies linguistic expressions shaping PRO-PEACE vs. PRO-WAR conceptualizations with their rich social, historical and cultural contexts.

Spiritual-semantic approach as a methodological basis for the analysing religious music (on the example of V. Stepurko’s cycle “Monologues of the Ages”)

Spiritual-semantic approach as a methodological basis for the analysing religious music (on the example of V. Stepurko’s cycle “Monologues of the Ages”)

Theatrical Periodical Publications in the Bibliographic Dimension of Ukraine: Thematic and Cultural Orientations

Objective. Theater art today is a self-sufficient creative substance with a special metaphorical language. The scenic meaning of human existence is organically interpreted on the pages of unique periodical publications of the beginning of the 20th century, which were printed in the largest Ukrainian cities. The continuation of the tradition of publishing theatrical periodicals is observed at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. It is presented by specialized magazines "Kino-teatr [Cinema-Theatre]", "Ukrainian Theater", "Teatralna besida [Theatrical Conversation]" and others. Methods. Inductive-deductive, systemic, semiotic methods of research of scientific material and elements of cultural studies of mass media are applied. Results. Theatrical periodicals of Ukraine of the 20th and 21st centuries, which are found in the collections of the libraries of Kyiv, Dnipro, Lviv, and Kharkiv, have been analyzed. Their role in the creation of the socio-cultural space of Ukraine is studied, and the genre-thematic potential and cultural content are considered. Conclusions. Theatrical periodicals of the XX-XXI centuries. is characterized by a multi-genre presentation of the theatrical life of its time, and journalistic originality. This allows creative use of its potential in library activities as a cultural marker of time.

Determining possibilities for applying theoretical principles of situational risk management in the aviation safety system

Aviation safety is one of the main criteria for its sustainable development. The object of this study is safety risk management, which is the main tool of the aviation safety management system. The problem that needs to be further solved is the improvement of aviation risk management methods under war, force majeure, and crisis conditions, as well as under conditions of uncertainty, when there is a minimum of time to make a single correct decision. The theory of situational management can be chosen as the theoretical basis for creating decision-making systems. The development of special languages for describing the situation arising at the control object, as well as in its control system, makes it possible to correctly represent the models of control objects and the evolution of knowledge about them. The work solves the task of building a model of the control object, which takes into account the maximum number of its features suitable for implementation. In order to represent the management object based on the method of expert assessments, the weighting coefficients of the risk characteristics’ probabilities and the values of the weighting coefficients of the degrees of severity were calculated, a matrix of risk assessment indicators was built, and risk assessment criteria were developed. Based on the calculations, general approaches to aviation safety risk management were specified. The paper developed a «dramatic script» of an episode of aviation security risk management, which includes the stages of the episode, the content of necessary actions, the corresponding stages of aviation security risk management and the corresponding aviation security risk management. The content of the management itself consists in preventing the transition from the zone of acceptable risk to the zone of permissible and from the zone of permissible risk to the zone of unacceptable risk, as well as the implementation of measures to stimulate the transition from the zone of unacceptable to the zone of permissible risk and from the zone of permissible to the zone of acceptable risk

Method of processing information about the state of the environment based on data obtained through a service-oriented network

The task of the work is to develop a method of processing information about the state of the environment based on data received from a service-oriented network based on energy-efficient long-range protocols. As an example of the implementation of the method, the LoRaWAN technology was chosen, which is used in the city of Kyiv, in particular, to ensure the operation of "Kyiv Digital" services.The solution to the problem lies in finding such a processing method that allows you to present the data received from the transmitters as a set. From this multiplication, with the help of a special symbolic language, data is extracted from which a pool is formed to present information about events at the research object. The latter is proposed to be implemented through an information convolution where information is separated by levels depending on the end user's request. The resulting rollup is not saved, since the primary information remains in the system database and can be used for subsequent requests for analysis or comparison.This can be used in systems working with big data to control the current state of information processing, create samples for intermediate calculations, statistical studies and generalizations of the state of processes whose action is not completed.

Universal coordinates and methods of reformatting an ambiguous humanitarian paradigm

The main problem: In the conditions of market uncertainty, the coronavirus pandemic, the absence of an officially articulated national idea, national interests and ideology in Kazakhstan, the problem of the lack of logically justified and coordinated coordinates of systemic thinking, an unambiguous paradigm of humanitarian thinking (analytical, pedagogical, managerial, economic, etc.) is becoming more and more clearly realized. as the most important conditions for personal, civil and professional self-determination. Purpose: to substantiate the general logical coordinates and methods of reformatting the ambiguous humanitarian paradigm used in the activity. Methods: the ontological principle of genetically meaningful logic, the method of transformation of concrete images of objects based on their abstract essence, the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the speculative language of schematic images of thought and the language of methodological theory of activity. The results and their significance: logically justified universal abstract-concrete coordinates of universal motion are given. In relation to life and the world of activity, they can be concretized by coordinates: "standard of living – efficiency of activity", or "efficiency of activity – time", or "results – costs", or "quality – quantity", etc. The use of motion vectors in the logic of descent from the concrete to the abstract (NCA), ascent from the abstract to the concrete (AAC), as well as in their combination – logic CAC gives certainty to thinking. As an example, the scheme of the qualitative difference between educational (pre-professional) activities from professional ones using these methods and paired dialectical categories is given. The scheme and description of the functional model of the system object, considered as a rubicon of the transformation of educational activity into professional activity, are given. To reformat the indefinite, ambiguous paradigms of the humanities used in the activity into functional-logical, visible, constructive and unambiguous, it is recommended to use abstract-concrete coordinates, the methods given, the language of schematic images and the paradigm of the methodological theory of activity. As an example, the concept of a typical unit of activity development is given. A visible unambiguous paradigm is a necessary, but not sufficient prerequisite for adequate personal, civil and professional self-determination of a person in situations of high uncertainty. A sufficient prerequisite is the acquisition by subjects of appropriate reflexive-thinking abilities for self-determination, self-organization, self-regulation, etc.

An ontological approach to the disclosure of a person's personal potential

The main problem: In the latest Messages of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to the people of Kazakhstan, it is indicated that "the systemic problems of our economy are well known. These are commodity dependence, low labor productivity, insufficient level of innovation, and uneven income distribution. Of course, all these are difficult problems, but there are specific ways to solve them. These are macroeconomic stability, economic diversification, digitalization, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, human capital, and ensuring the rule of law. However, there is still no tangible progress on these issues. Obviously, new approaches are needed" [1]. New approaches include methods and conditions for the disclosure of a person's personal and professional potential as the main value and supreme asset of any organization striving to maintain competitiveness in the market for as long as possible, which means jobs and the prospect of a decent life. As an alternative, Sayasat Nurbek believes, offering an Atlas of new professions, the country needs it first of all, because the higher education system has become detached from the real needs of the economy [2]. "For 30 years, we have not been able to create a simple applied tool for professional diagnostics and, in general, an understanding of the labor market, which professions will be in demand, and which ones will now leave the labor market or what they can transform into. Meanwhile, the stagnation in the public procurement system of Kazakhstan is failing, as the world has undergone a transformation of the labor market – digitalization is changing it. Thousands of people will be out of work because its structure and qualifications are evolving. The advent of artificial intelligence threatens the human monopoly on mental labor, which will be replaced by machines. People may cease to be in demand due to the creation of new "technological personalities (robots)" based on algorithms in mature markets, these are the forecasts of many experts" [2]. The authors of the article substantiate innovative approaches to the growth of a personality with a strong civic position, with high intellectual potential, with communicative and reflective abilities. Using an ontological approach to disclose a person's personal potential. Purpose: substantiation of the method (conditions) for the disclosure of a person's personal potential. Methods: the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the method of converting concrete images of objects based on their abstract essence, the speculative language of schematic images of thought. Results, their significance: in relation to life and the world of activity, a person's personal potential is manifested in actions in the positions of "individual", "student" and "subject". The use of motion vectors in the logic of descent from the concrete to the abstract, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, as well as in their combination, gives certainty to thinking. As an example, the use of methods (AAC, LSI) is shown. Description of the cycle of personal potential disclosure, considered as a transformation in educational activity into a subject, where the personal potential of a person with sufficient ways and abilities is revealed to use them both in professional activities and in life. A sufficient prerequisite is the acquisition by subjects of appropriate reflexive thinking abilities for self-determination, self-organization, self-regulation, and so on.

The evolution of the style of the German poetic fable of the late XXth and early XXIst centuries: linguistic synergetic, sociocultural aspects

The article studies the evolutionary trends of the modern German fable. The fables of Reiner Kuntze and James Kruse show the departure of the modern fable of the late ХХth and early ХХІst centuries from the literary canons of the classical Aesopian fable, which to varying degrees accompanied the German fable over the centuries, new ways of creating images-symbols, building a style and compositions, the phenomenon of hierarchical plots and the inclusion of a modern fable in another literary genre. To illustrate all these innovations, fables and fable chains of this authors were analyzed to reflect in them modern socio-cultural realities, cultural codes, which nowadays have a significant capacity and deep meaning. The revealed transformations of the form of the modern fables, its style, the incompleteness and hierarchy of plots and images-symbols contribute to the more powerful possibilities of the fables to convey more and more information with a relatively short text. From a synergetic point of view, the modern fable is becoming an increasingly open system that actively involves the reader in the development of its images-symbols and plot. This process becomes much more effective than in fables of past eras. The mechanism of reflecting sociocultural factors through the goal-attractors, stylistic attractors and the specificity of language and speech in the fable as a synergistic system is explaned. The reflecting of the complex sociocultural factors in the modern fable is based on the fact that socioculture is a semiotic system, a set of signs and symbols. This makes it possible to establish the correspondence of the components of socioculture with other semiotic systems - attractors of the fable, its language and stylistics and to analyze the factors of modern culture, synergistic goals-attractors of fables and stylistic attractors dependent on them.

Training of engineers on a bilingual basis: specifics of the English mathematical language

Due to globalization processes in higher education, the use of English as the medium of instruction is becoming more widespread in non-English-speaking countries. Bilingual education is actively being implemented in Ukraine, where professional disciplines are taught in a foreign language, primarily English. This article emphasizes that in bilingual education, the foreign language serves not only as a goal but also as a means of comprehending specialized knowledge. Consequently, the issues related to the nuances of employing a foreign language within specific subject areas, especially when teaching professional disciplines at technical universities, are highly relevant. The article underscores that, at present, only specific aspects of the challenges associated with bilingual higher education have been identified. A comprehensive concept of bilingual professional education in Ukraine has yet to be fully developed. In particular, the methodological and technological foundations for bilingual education in professional engineering and technical disciplines remain underdeveloped. The primary objective of this work is to explore the distinctive features of the English mathematical language within the context of bilingual training for future engineers. The article also analyzes the use of mathematical symbols in acquiring relevant linguistic conventions. It highlights various linguistic aspects of mathematical English texts and conducts a comparative analysis between mathematical and general literary language, examining their shared characteristics and differences. From this perspective, the article delves into the semantic and syntactic aspects of mathematical language, its vocabulary, terminology, and the role of symbols in mathematical expressions. Particular attention is devoted to the use of variables in standard expressions. Various types of variables are identified, including terms, characteristics, and references. The article introduces the concept of “highlighting a form in mathematical language and filling this form with variables”, essentially associating structure with content. The practical application of this concept results in the creation of mathematical templates or clichés, which are utilized in bilingual mathematics education. The article provides examples of such templates and illustrates how they can be employed. Practical experience confirms the effectiveness of this approach, especially when teaching higher mathematics in English to students pursuing engineering and technical specialties. It demonstrates that students can quickly grasp the fundamentals of the English mathematical language through this method

Samarbetet mellan TNC och RTT 1938–1998: Terminologiarbete som resurs för meningsfull kommunikation

This article describes and analyses the contacts between the Swedish and Norwegian national terminology organisations between the 1940s and the 1990s. The Swedish Tekniska nomenklaturcentralen TNC (1941–2018; 2000–2018 Terminologicentrum TNC) was Sweden’s national center for special languages and terminology work for more than 75 years. Since its founding in 1941, the TNC was active not only in Sweden, but also in establishing and maintaining international contacts. The Norwegian Rådet for teknisk terminologi RTT was founded in 1938 and closed down in 2001. The research material used is the collection of correspondence in the TNC’s document archive, in particular the section stored with the code “Unor”, i.e., letters (N=374) documenting written communication between the TNC and the RTT. The article describes the topics covered in the communication, the individuals involved, the objectives and consequences of the communication and the results achieved. In a quantitative analysis, the themes of the letters are categorised in four main categories: publications, communication, information, and language issues. In a qualitative analysis, a specific terminological issue in the field of welding technology is analysed by close reading and content analysis. Finally, further studies, which complete the picture of terminological cooperation on institutional level in the Nordic countries, are proposed.

Экзистенциальная личность и специфика философского стиля Жоржа Батая: проблема взаимовлияния

The article examines the features of the existential personality, the ideological origins of creativity and the spe-cifics of the philosophical style of the French thinker J. Bataille. The features of J. Bataille’s paradoxical thinking are shown, the value of which is in the ability to analyze various mental states of a person, in the destruction of standard philosophical structures and the creation of new forms of philosophical understanding of reality. The application of the phenomenological approach made it possible to identify the features of J. Bataille’s literary and philosophical style, the inconsistency and complexity of interpreting his texts addressed to existential expe-rience in the act of tragedy, delusions or the search for truth, inseparable from the transgressive state of a per-son. The authors determined that in J. Bataille’s work, the specifics of language, vocabulary, and the ability to express the hidden meaning remind of the author himself, of his constant desire to invade the realm of the im-possible. The study of the problem of the mutual influence of the existential personality and J. Bataille’s philo-sophical thinking was carried out using a hermeneutic approach. The authors also identified a number of XXth century thinkers, such as M. Foucault, N. Land, J. Derridа, whose works were significantly influenced by Ba-taille’s thinking. The novelty of this study is the disclosure of evaluative judgments of the literary style of the French philosopher by modern authors and specialists in the philosophical work of J. Bataille.

Reflection of Chinese Cultural Realities in the Modern Russian Language in the Paradigm of Subject and Semantic Correspondences

The article deals with the importance of language and culture interaction, the linguistic and cultural characteristics as features of the languages belonging to various linguistic macrogroups (Russian as part of Indo-European, Chinese as part of Sino-Tibetan). The paper highlights the importance of translation in the interaction of linguistic cultures; the difficulties that can be encountered in interpreting the realities of another culture are indicated, which is due to both the peculiarities of the lexical and grammatical structure of the source and translating languages, and the peculiarities associated with the traditional culture of the language community.
 The component of the meaning of the real words of the Russian and Chinese languages with different semantic structures is part of the denotative macro component of the lexical meaning of the word. The national-cultural component of words with different degrees of differentiation of concepts in the Russian and Chinese languages is included in the significative macro component of their lexical meaning, and its content consists of differential semes of the significative macro component. The national-cultural component of the lexical meaning of words of corresponding languages with a mismatched internal form is the semes of the denotative macro component. Russian linguoculture should take into account the specifics of the Russian language, and in cases where the realities are completely alien to Russian national and cultural ideas, the necessary historical and other comments are tobe given. It should be noted that recently, due to the intensification of national-cultural and economic contacts, a great number of words (including national-specific realities) from the Chinese language have been penetrating into the Russian language, which requires separate linguistic research.

The collocational profile of employment and work in UK employment law

The paper investigates the collocational profile of two words of similar meaning, i.e. employment and work, in the UK employment law. The study is intended to shed some light on the behaviour of the two words in the specialist language context of UK employment law. It is a corpus study based on a corpus of 12 UK employment statutes compiled for the purpose of analysing this area of English legal language. The empirical material is collected and processed with Sketch Engine, a corpus analysis tool. In particular the study looks at (a) the status of the words as terminological units and synonyms, (b) word combinations in which the words appear in the corpus, (c) the meaning that the context of use implies, and (d) the potential benefits of such empirical material in the area of foreign language for special purposes use. The findings suggest that employment and work are synonyms, yet they are used in different word combinations in the context of UK employment law which may derive from the strictly legislative context that does not welcome synonymy.

Kazakh Traditional Speech Culture (Based on the Film Kyz Zhibek

The Kazakh language has undergone changes under the influence of various internal and external factors and has lost its traditional norm. Therefore, it is important to study what is the traditional norm and culture of speech in the Kazakh language. In this article, the author defines the characteristic features of speech for the Kazakhs through the diction of the characters in the film «Kyz Zhibek». The aim of the article is to find answers to the questions of what was the traditional culture of speech of the Kazakhs, what is the expression of national identity in the language and how it affects the traditional speech culture. The main direction of the article is the problems of language culture in the system of linguistics. The main idea of the scientific work is to determine what was the culture of speech in the traditional Kazakh society, to prove by examples that through the speech the character of the nation can change. The scientific significance of the article lies in the fact that, the impact on raising the level of word formation in the Kazakh language, the development of language culture, stylistics, the practical significance is to show the differentiation of the traditional culture of speech of the Kazakhs, the subordination of the traditional language laws and the definition of the preconditions for proper speech. When writing the article, the methods of scientific analysis, linguostylistic analysis, generalization, comparison and reasoning were used. The material for the study was the film «Kyz Zhibek» filmed by S. Kozhikov in 1972 based on the script by G. Musrepov. The author notes that the main results and the analysis of the article changes everything that is said in the modern Kazakh language: the structure of speech, the way words are pronounced and the sounding, in a society which understands that it is only a question of observing grammatical norms of speech, the risk of losing the specificity of the national language arises. Determines that in the conclusion there is an opportunity to influence the character, the cognition of the person through the speech, the intonation of the speech characteristic of our nation. If language loses its nature, he concludes that language will lead to the change of the nation, the destruction of the national character and finally the destruction of the nation. The value of the article lies in defining the traditional grammatical, ethical and communicative norms of the Kazakh language.

Способы художественной когниции поэтов американского постмодерна

The aim of the study is to identify the innovative methods of artistic cognition characteristic of poets in the postmodern era. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author identifies such methods of artistic cognition as artistic fractal, chaotic thinking, cognition through linguistic structure and interaction with the reader, the functioning of which is considered based on the American language poetry of the late 20th century. The specific characteristics of the postmodern poets’ creative thinking, expressed in a special language of lyrical texts, are determined. As a result, it has been found that the chaotic nature of modern creative thinking is realized by such linguistic means as paradox, oxymoron, paronomasia, an extended metaphor, a semantic flow, a line break, etc. One of the forms of the chaotic nature as a method of artistic cognition are fractals, represented at the structural level as complex graphic systems. Cognition through linguistic structure is realized both at the lexical (paronomasia, metaphor, oxymoron, paradox) and the grammatical (a line break, violation of grammatical norms, use of graphic symbols and drawings) level. Interaction with the reader is carried out in the course of solving logical riddles represented by paradoxes.