Special Food Research Articles

Biological and Cultural Ecotourism Interpretation of Mekar Utama Village, Kendawangan District, West Kalimantan

Mekar Utama Village, located in the Ketapang Industrial Forest Area (Hutan Ketapang Industri-HKI), is a unique and attractive ecotourism site with various natural resources. This village's three hamlets have the potential for biological and cultural ecotourism. The study aims to obtain potential data and interpret the biological and socio-cultural ecotourism in Mekar Utama village. The method used was a survey with observation and interview approaches. Three interpretive tracks and 18 biological and cultural ecotourism potential were available at the study site. Nine potential plants found were kantung semar (Nepenthes sp. ), bamboo (Bambusa sp. ), bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk), pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack), ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri), meranti (Shorea smithiana), gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), ketatai (Antiaris toxicaria) and pulai (Alstonia scholaris). Ulin, meranti, and gaharu are protected species. Kura-kura hutan (Dogania suplana), owa kelawat (Hylobates albibarbis), and honey bee (Apis koschevnikovi and Trigona sp.) were three unique animal species. Six potential cultures were found, i.e. ethnic, traditions, traditional rituals, arts, special foods, historical/sacred places, and folklore/myths. All the potentials were found in three interpretation tracks, i.e., the Gantang river hamlet, which was 6.5 km long and took 26 minutes to reach, the Sukaria hamlet, which was 5.3 km long and took 21

EFFICIENCY OF STABILIZING OF FOOD FATS AND POSSIBILITY OF EXTENDING THEIR STORAGE TERMS

It is important today to increase the shelf life of fats used for the production of culinary and confectionery products in the food industry and in the restaurant industry. Fats are part of a variety of dishes and products in various quantities (from 1 % in fresh salads to almost 85 % in creams). When stored under the influence of light, air and moisture in fats, chemical reactions occur, mainly oxidative, which significantly impair their organoleptic and physicochemical parameters. In existing recipes, most dishes use mainly vegetable oil, margarine, cooking fat, and for children’s and special dietary foods – butter. Therefore, it was important to investigate the use of powders from different fractions of grape pomace and pomace extract as antioxidants for some fats with a very limited shelf life, including butter and margarine, which are often used to produce a variety of culinary products and confectionery. The article is devoted to topical issues of using powders from different fractions of grape pomace and their extract as antioxidants for food fats. A previous analysis of the chemical composition of powders from grape pomace showed that they retain as much as possible in native form all biologically active substances and vitamin complexes, including those responsible for antioxidant activity. It is established that to slow down the oxidation of fats and increase their shelf life, it is rational to pre-introduce into these fats powders of grape pomace in the amount of 5 % by weight of fat and extract from grape pomace in the amount of 0,5 % (dry matter) by weight fat. Such concentrations of additives do not impair the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of the quality of the original product and can extend the shelf life, in particular, butter by 30-80 %. Such an increase in the shelf life of butter in production will contribute to a slower accumulation of free acids and peroxides during the established shelf life.

KERE (KEBAB RENDANG): AS A NEW INNOVATION AND RICH OF PROTEIN FOOD TO CONSERVE LOCAL CULINARY IN INDONESIA

Rendang is a typical food that is rich of protein from Padang city, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Rendang is a kind of food made of beef and combined with spices typical of West Sumatra. Rendang has a special and delicious taste. Therefore, rendang was ranked as the 1st most delicious food in the world based on World delicious food in 2011. However, the ranking of rendang becomes 11st in 2021. Because of that, we will make new innovation that is expected to be able to increase the ranking of rendang in the world to the first place. Our new innovation is to combine rendang with kebab. Kebab itself is a typical Middle Eastern food that has several advantages. The advantages are practical, economical and delicious. The combination of these two special foods that come from different countries will certainly produce a special, unique, delicious and affordable food innovation. This rendang kebab is expected to be an innovation that attracts the attention of many people, including young people who like something new. The kebab rendang also has very good prospects in the future because we still conserve the local culinary and the producing is directly handled by the expert, namely students who is originally from west Sumatra and has traditional and modern cooking skill that need not to be doubted.

In Vivo Metabolic Responses to Different Formulations of Amino Acid Mixtures for the Treatment of Phenylketonuria (PKU).

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism where the mainstay of treatment is a Phe restricted diet consisting of a combination of limited amounts of natural protein with supplementation of Phe-free or low-Phe protein substitutes and special low protein foods. Suboptimal outcomes may be related to the different absorption kinetics of free AAs, which have lower biological efficacy than natural proteins. Physiomimic TechnologyTM is a technology engineered to prolong AA (AA-PT) release allowing physiological absorption and masking the odor and taste of free AAs. The aim of these studies was to assess the impact of AA-PT formulation on selected functional and metabolic parameters both in acute and long-term experimental studies. Adult rats in fasting conditions were randomized in different groups and treated by oral gavage. Acute AA-PT administration resulted in significantly lower BUN at 90 min versus baseline. Both BUN and glycemia were modulated in the same direction as intact casein protein. Long-term treatment with AA-PT significantly reduces the protein expression of the muscle degradation marker Bnip3L (−46%) while significantly increasing the proliferation of market myostatin (+58%). Animals dosed for 15 days with AA-PT had significantly stronger grip strength (+30%) versus baseline. In conclusion, the results suggest that the AA-PT formulation may have beneficial effects on both AA oxidation and catabolism with a direct impact on muscle as well as on other metabolic pathways.

Expert opinion on the impact of nutritional support on functional recovery and prognosis in patients with stroke and its complications

Clinical nutrition (nutritive, nutritional support) using food products of dietary therapeutic and dietary preventive nutrition is currently considered as an integral part of the treatment of patients who are unable to meet the body's needs for nutrients and energy in the usual way. The evaluation of the impact of nutritional support on the functional recovery and prognosis of patients with acute cerebrovascular accident and the results of studies in 20202021 on the use of specialized therapeutic food products was devoted to the symposium of the Nutricia company "Therapeutic nutrition is one of the most important links in the treatment of stroke and its complications", which was held within the framework of the XVIII annual interdisciplinary conference "Wein Readings 2022" with the participation of leading experts in the field of nutrition, neurology and palliative care. According to current research, among the main effects of the use of specialized therapeutic food products, there was an improvement in functional recovery, an increase in rehabilitation potential, an improvement in the quality of life of patients, as well as a decrease in the severity of infectious complications and economic feasibility for the healthcare system.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SOME IODINE-CONTAINING PLANTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF IODINE DEFICIENCY AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL AND CYTOSTATIC ACTIVITY

One of the urgent problems of health care in Ukraine is the problem of iodine deficiency, which is solved by creating special foods. The least harmful component of this diet may be plant ingredients. Therefore, the study of plants rich in organic iodine compounds is an important task of medical botany. The paper presents the results of the study of iodine-enriching, antibacterial and cytostatic activity of Lemna minor L., Zostera marina L., Laminaria saccharina L., Xanthium strumarium L.It is shown that all the studied plants have an iodine-enriching effect, but the most effective is Xanthium strumarium. All studied plants showed antimicrobial activity, but no direct correlation between iodine content and antimicrobial activity was found. The antibacterial activity of Xanthium strumarium against Escherichia coli exceeds the similar effect of antibiotics such as cefazolin and ampicillin, and against Staphylococcus aureus is equal to the effect of norfloxacin. Xanthium strumarium and Lemna minor showed fungicidal activity against Candida albicans. The greatest antitumor activity is characteristic of Laminaria saccharina, Xanthium strumarium Zostera marina. The expediency of using the studied plants in the conditions of iodine deficiency is discussed.

Concentration of Bioactive and Mineral Compounds in Enteral Tube Feed Products Made of Plant-Based Ingredients

Abstract Nowadays available products for enteral nutrition are supplemented with synthetic ingredients. The effectiveness of these products is undeniable in the medical industry, but there is concern about bioavailability of synthetic vitamin and mineral compounds in comparison to naturally occurring ones. The aim of this study was to create plant-based formulations for enteral tube feed and to determine their bioactive compound and mineral compound concentration in comparison with the values recommended by the European regulations for special medical purpose food that is not meant to satisfy the nutritional requirements of infants. For this study, five enteral tube feed formulas were made from fruit, berry, and vegetable semi-finished products with added whey protein isolate, canola oil, cod liver oil, iodised salt, and ascorbic acid. The samples were thermally processed and concentration of vitamin C, total carotenes, total phenols and mineral compounds: P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Se was determined. All samples showed < 20 mg·kg−1 per sample of Se, and also concentration of Zn was under the (EU) 2016/128 requirements. However, concentration of Mg (345.2 to 420 mg·100 kcal−1 of product) and K (29.2 to 39.2 mg·100 kcal−1 of product) exceeded the maximum levels. Also, the concentration of vitamin C exceeded the maximum, by average two times per sample, as L-ascorbic acid was added in response to previous experiments showing unsatisfying levels.

The WHO High 5s project: medication reconciliation in a German university hospital. A prospective observational cohort study

BackgroundEnsuring medication accuracy during transitions in care is one of the five highly prevalent patient safety problems focused on within the World Health Organization High 5s Project. Medication reconciliation is a standardized patient care process that can be used to address this problem. The aim of the current study is to implement medication reconciliation in a German university hospital. MethodsThe study was conducted at the Emergency Department of the University Hospital Aachen, Germany. All discrepancies between the Best Possible Medication History and the Admission Medication Order were documented and classified as documentation errors or medication errors. The type of error was also recorded. A negative binomial regression model was used to test several factors influencing the number of discrepancies. ResultsThe medications of 105 patients were reconciled. The mean number of discrepancies per patient was 4.6± 3.6, with a total of 298 medication errors and 189 documentation errors. The most common type of medication error was the omission of a drug (n=208; 69.8 %). In the negative binomial regression analysis, the care status (p=0.0015) as well as the number of preadmission drugs (p=0.0007) were significantly associated with medication errors. DiscussionA high number of discrepancies was detected and analysed. Patients admitted from nursing homes were less likely to have discrepancies in their medication reconciliation, perhaps because a structured documentation system for medications is already in place at nursing homes including error prone products (special dosage forms or food supplements). ConclusionsIn this study, medication reconciliation was implemented at a German full-care university hospital. The actual number of discrepancies observed strongly indicates the need for medication reconciliation at hospital admission.

Hungry for Change: The Experiences of People with PKU, and Their Caregivers, When Eating Out.

For patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), stringent dietary management is demanding and eating out may pose many challenges. Often, there is little awareness about special dietary requirements within the hospitality sector. This study’s aim was to investigate the experiences and behaviours of people with PKU and their caregivers when dining out. We also sought to identify common problems in order to improve their experiences when eating outside the home. Individuals with PKU or their caregivers residing in the UK were invited to complete a cross-sectional online survey that collected both qualitative and quantitative data about their experiences when eating out. Data were available from 254 questionnaire respondents (136 caregivers or patients with PKU < 18 years and 118 patients with PKU ≥ 18 years (n = 100) or their caregivers (n = 18)). Fifty-eight per cent dined out once per month or less (n = 147/254) and the biggest barrier to more frequent dining was ‘limited choice of suitable low-protein foods’ (90%, n = 184/204), followed by ‘no information about the protein content of foods’ (67%, n = 137/204). Sixty-nine per cent (n = 176/254) rated their dining experience as less than satisfactory. Respondents ranked restaurant employees’ knowledge of the PKU diet as very poor with an overall median rating of 1.6 (on a scale of 1 for extremely poor to 10 for extremely good). Forty-four per cent (n = 110/252) of respondents said that restaurants had refused to prepare alternative suitable foods; 44% (n = 110/252) were not allowed to eat their own prepared food in a restaurant, and 46% (n = 115/252) reported that restaurants had refused to cook special low-protein foods. Forty per cent (n = 101/254) of respondents felt anxious before entering restaurants. People with PKU commonly experienced discrimination in restaurants, with hospitality staff failing to support their dietary needs, frequently using allergy laws and concerns about cross-contamination as a reason not to provide suitable food options. It is important that restaurant staff receive training regarding low-protein diets, offer more low-protein options, provide protein analysis information on all menu items, and be more flexible in their approach to cooking low-protein foods supplied by the person with PKU. This may help people with PKU enjoy safe meals when dining out and socialising with others.

GREEN BEANS JUICES FOR INCREASE THE EXPENDITURE VOLUME OF BREAST MILK IN POSTPARTUM-MOTHER

There is no special food or drink that can increase the volume of milk production. Green beans contain active compounds, namely polyphenols and flavonoids that function to increase the hormone prolactin. When the hormone prolactin increases, milk secretion will be maximized so that the quantity of breast milk will increase. Objective: Applying green bean juice to increase the volume of breast milk expenditure in postpartum mothers at PMB Aning Friyanti Methods: This research is qualitative descriptive with a case study approach. The participants were 5 post-partum mothers. The instrument used is an observation sheet. Data were obtained from interviews and observations. Results: After the application of green bean juice for 7 days. The volume of milk expenditure in postpartum mothers increased from 60% to 100% in the good category. Conclusion: The application of green bean juice is effective in increasing the volume of breastfeeding in postpartum mothers.

Diets and dietary supplements used during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional survey

IntroductionSince the beginning of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a marked increase in the use of diets and dietary supplements (DDS) for the prevention and treatment of this emerging disease. While DDS are generally regarded as harmless, little evidence exists on the safety and efficacy of their use for COVID-19. ObjectivesTo investigate the pattern and determinants of DDS use among the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. DesignCross-sectional web-based survey. SettingAdults residing in the UAE. ParticipantsParticipants (n = 2,060) residing in the UAE were recruited from databases of the Supreme Council for Family Affairs - Sharjah networks in the various Emirates. Primary and Secondary OutcomesPrevalence and determinants for the use of different DDS for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in the UAE, and sources of information for DDS use. ResultsThe majority of participants reported using a form of the DDS understudy, with special foods being the most common (95.5%), followed by intake of citrus fruits (62.1%), supplements use (56.6%), increased water intake (50%), and herbal teas (38.4%). Only 20% of participants reported the main source of information on DDS to be health care practitioners, with the majority relying on either social media (40.4%) or family and friends (28.7%). After adjustment, female gender, older age (>40 years), and Asian ethnicities were characteristics associated with higher odds of using most of the DDS modalities and were also correlates of reporting health care practitioners as the main source of information for their DDS use. ConclusionsThe findings showed widespread use of DDS for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The use of DDS in this study was mainly guided by social media with a marginal role of health care practitioners. These findings call for a more integrative approach towards DDS to ensure its proper and safe use.

Phenylketonuria Patients' and Their Caregivers' Perception of the Pandemic Lockdown: The Results of a National Online Survey.

The first pandemic lockdown dramatically impacted many aspects of everyday life, including healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was to identify problems of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and their parents/caregivers during that time. We aimed to analyse potential differences in the self-reported compliance and characteristics of contacts with a doctor/dietitian before and during the pandemic lockdown and the perception of access to special food and opinions on remote contacts between a particular group of respondents. All participants (n = 614) were asked to complete an online questionnaire that consisted of 31 questions on pandemic-related events and circumstances which may have directly or indirectly impacted health and treatment. The people who completed the survey were divided into three groups: parents of PKU children (n = 403), parents of PKU adults (n = 58) and PKU patients older than 16 years (n = 153). The differences among the three analysed groups were found in the number of contacts, the way of contacting a doctor/dietitian during the pandemic and satisfaction with remote contact. Caregivers of children with PKU reported better therapy compliance, more frequent contacts with specialists and more satisfaction with remote visits than adult patients. We also observed a relationship between satisfaction from remote contact and self-reported frequency of contacts with a doctor/dietitian, as well as a relationship between satisfaction from remote contact and recommended blood Phe levels reported by both patients and caregivers. Travel time exceeding three hours from the respondents’ location to their doctor was associated with higher odds of their recognition of remote contact as a method of PKU treatment only in the group of caregivers. In the caregiver groups, the reported worse access to low-Phe products during the lockdown was linked to the perceived difficulty of maintaining the diet. However, such a relationship was not found among patients. In conclusion, significant differences in the perception of the pandemic lockdown and its impact on health and treatment-related issues were found.

Specialized nutrition for athletes: evaluation of ergogenic action using the principles of evidence-based medicine

The aim is to form a balanced position regarding the ergogenic characteristics of new sports food products in the modern practice of training highly qualified athletes on the basis of clinical-experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of special purpose real food additives. Materials and methods. Studies were carried out on laboratory animals (36 Wistar rats at the age of 3 months weighing 150–200 g and 16 Svetlogorsk mini-pigs) as well as on 102 high-qualified representatives of cyclic sports (all men aged 19–26) − members of national teams such as swimming (25), cross-country athletics (53), and skiing (24). As a control group, we studied 25 athletes of the same gender (all men), age and qualifications who received a placebo (starch capsules) for a long time during exercise. Placebo-controlled studies have been conducted on laboratory animals and athletes in compliance with the principles of bioethics. Results. It has been established that in the experiment the application of a new specialized food product MioActiv has a positive effect on the physical performance of animals and delays the onset of fatigue, which significantly exceeds the corresponding characteristics in the placebo group. Athletes also showed an increase in speed when passing competitive distances by 18.7–21.4% (p &amp;lt; 0,05), as well as a significant increase in mental endurance indicators (p &amp;lt; 0,05). The approbation of the innovative pre-workout pharmacological nutrient complex Pre-Fuse also showed the high efficacy and safety of this product with a positive effect of increasing the performance and endurance of animals, as well as the parameters of mental performance of athletes in the main groups, in contrast to the data in the placebo control groups. Conclusions. An analysis of the prescription components of new types of ergogenic sports nutrition and the presented results of preclinical and clinical studies conducted on the basis of the evidence-based medicine paradigm regarding the effectiveness of specialized products indicate the complex action of these funds on various aspects of both physical and mental performance. From the materials presented in the article, it can be seen that specialized sports nutrition products of an ergogenic orientation can provide significant assistance in increasing sports results.

Economic burden estimation associated with dengue and chikungunya in Gujarat, India.

Dengue and chikungunya have been emerging as major vector-borne diseases. The global burden of the diseases is rising as a public health problem. The complexity of disease is governed by multiple constraints including only symptomatic treatment and inflicts heavy social and economic burden on society. The present study is designed to assess the economic burden of dengue and chikungunya infection by calculating cost per patient in Gujarat, India. A total of 210 patients were enrolled in the study from Ahmedabad and Kheda district of Gujarat from May 2018 to December 2019 of which 150 had dengue and 60 chikungunya infections, subject to the willingness of participation in the survey. Information on wage loss days, cost associated with medicines, diagnosis, special food and travel cost, etc., for the calculation of the direct and indirect costs associated with dengue and chikungunya were collected from these participants using a structured questionnaire. Informed consent was taken before including any participant in the study. In the dengue sample, 86 were males (57.3%) and the rest were females, and in the chikungunya sample, 31 were males (51.7%) and the rest females. The median age of the participants with dengue and chikungunya was 18 (p25 to p75: 8 to 26) and 30 (p25 to p75: 21 to 45) years respectively. Median family income was recorded as Rs 15,000 (p25 to p75: 9000 to 25500) and Rs 12,000 (p25 to p75: 9000 to 18500) for the dengue and chikungunya cases, respectively. The average duration of the illness was observed to be higher in chikungunya (median days (P25 to p75): 15 (7-45)) than dengue (median days (P25 to p75): 10 (5-15)). The median indirect cost in the case of dengue was Rs 1,931 (p25 to p75: 300 to 4500) while Rs 2,550 (p25 to p75: 0 to 5250) was observed for chikungunya cases. Two types of direct cost, namely, direct cost related to medical expenses and direct cost related to other expenses were calculated. Direct cost related to medical expenses was observed to be higher in dengue (Md (P25 to p75): Rs 2,450 (400-5000)) than chikungunya (Md (P25 to p75): Rs 1,500 (150-5200)) while indirect cost related to other expenses were comparable between dengue (Md (P25 to p75): Rs 1,575 (1300-2600)) and chikungunya (Md (P25 to p75): Rs 1500 (850-2850)). The average total cost for one dengue episode was estimated to be Rs 6,860 (3700-12525) whereas it was Rs 7,000 (2550-14000) for one episode of Chikungunya. Overall, patients have to bear high costs while suffering from dengue and chikungunya infections. Furthermore, the duration of illness while suffering from viral diseases also contributes to the substantial economic burden. Improved knowledge about the impact of the cost and the economic burden associated with dengue and chikungunya will help policymakers allocate and appropriate resources accordingly.

Use of low-energy electron-beam in the treatment of special food products with a high protein content

Special high-protein foods suitable for diabetics must be treated to ensure the complete absence of microorganisms and bacteria. It is also important to achieve that this treatment does not change the nutritional value of the product. Among the new decontamination technologies, low-energy electron-beam treatment has proven to be an effective technique for inactivating bacteria with minimal impact on food quality. The paper aims to analyze the influence of low-energy electron-beam irradiation on the microbiological properties and nutritional value of high-protein foods.

ПРОМИСЛОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОТИДІЇ ВІЙСЬКОВІЙ АГРЕСІЇ

Introduction. The article substantiates the importance of the industrial development to strengthening the country's defense capability and ensure the civilian population needs. Based on a comparison of the financing of the defense complex in different countries, it is shown that, in addition to direct military expenditures, defense capability depends on a developed industrial complex. Prospective types of industrial activity in Ukraine, which have a high degree of influence on meeting the needs of the economy in the conditions of war time, have been identified. New technologies for ensuring defense capability are defined and tools for digital and innovative transformations in Ukrainian industry are proposed. Materials and methods. The substantiation of the industrial complex capabilities to strengthen the national security, the determination of key areas of production to meet the needs of the economy in the conditions of war time, as well as the set of tools for realizing such capabilities in Ukraine was carried out by dialectical, formal-legal, systemic-structural and comparative methods. The dialectical method made it possible to determine the possibilities of manufacturing modern means of defense and products for the lifesaving of the country's population. With the help of the formal-legal method, the content of the norms of separate current normative legal acts of Ukraine, which define the concept of the country's defense capability, is highlighted. The use of the system-structural method made it possible to determine key strategic goals and key strategic initiatives for digital and innovative transformations in Ukrainian industry. Comparative methods of economic and statistical analysis based on statistical data of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation were used to determine the trends in the financing of defense expenditures in different countries. Results and discussion. Countering military threats depends on the state's ability to ensure the safety of the population and the integrity of the territory, where a powerful industrial complex plays the main role. Financing of the defense sector for the supply of weapons and means of warfare in Ukraine is insufficient compared to other countries, although during wartime its volumes increase. At the same time, it is impossible to imagine a combat-ready army without proper provision of special uniforms, protective equipment, food, fuel and lubricants, medicines, etc. All this confirms the importance of a developed industrial complex in creating available resources to meet the needs of not only the civilian population, but also the needs of the army. To increase the country's readiness for military threats, it is necessary to activate innovative transformations in advance by introducing technologies to production processes in industry, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning; robotics, bioinformatics, blockchain, and countermeasures against cyber threats. The wide application of such technologies in all spheres of scientific, industrial and military activity will allow strengthening the country's defense capabilities and provide additional opportunities for managing combat operations, destroying enemy equipment and preventing infiltration into the country's territory; hiding one's positions and masking; conducting search and rescue operations; data collection and documentation of war crimes; protection, productivity and life support, as well as to counter cyberattacks. Conclusions. As a result of the study, a list of advanced Industry 4.0 technologies was determined, the production of which can be organized at Ukrainian factories with the cooperation of foreign partners. The primary measures to accelerate the technological transformation of Ukrainian production based on the establishment of an effective dialogue between state and local authorities, national manufacturers and scientific and educational institutions, as well as close cooperation with European and international clusters, are substantiated.

Utilizing the date palm (Phoenix canariensis) seeds in the preparation of some special foods of high nutritional value

This research was carried out in order to evaluate the benefits of date seed powder (DSP) by adding it to bakery products to enhance the nutritional value of these products and maximize the economic value of these wastes. Thus, the contents of the (DSP) were determined from the chemical composition, mineral elements, amino acids, fatty acids, phenols and flavonoids, afterthought DSP were added to the toast bread and crackers with a ratio of 5, 10 and 15 % as substitute of the wheat flour and then the organoleptic properties of these products were evaluated. The findings of these investigations revealed that the (DSP) contains important minerals, essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, and all of these compounds have an effective effect on the health of the body. In addition, the Sensorial evaluation of toast bread and crackers were shown to be acceptable by the judges, and thus the possibility of adding DSP to bakery products.

Босецька Н. Г., Бровенко Т. В., Перепелиця В. В. ПРАКТИКИ ЗДОРОВОГО ХАРЧУВАННЯ: ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ ДОСВІД

The article substantiates the expediency of studying European experience in solving modern problems of healthy nutrition. Healthy nutrition strategies in European countries: Finland, Switzerland, Spain, Germany were analyzed. It was determined that each of the countries has principles and special experience. The graphic form was chosen to demonstrate healthy eating recommendations for all segments of the population. Nutrition monitoring of the population of European countries identified individual characteristics typical for European countries, which in turn formed special food pyramids. The basic elements of the WHO three-level food pyramid are provided and recommendations for reducing the consumption of fats and free sugars in the diet are applied. The experience of European restaurants, which position themselves in the segment of healthy food according to the developed general and special criteria, is analyzed. It has been established that vegetarianism and veganism are mostly understood by European institutions as healthy food.

Specialized food product for diabetic diet “Inullact-Fito”

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious medical, social and economic health problems in countries of all worlds. The incidence of diabetes mellitus on the globe doubles every 10 to 15 years, acquiring the character of a non-infectious epidemic. According to the latest data from The International Diabetes Federation the number of patients with diabetes among adults (20-79 years old) in the world in 2015 was 415 million, that is, about 9% of the total population, of which more than 90% are patients with type 2nd diabetes. According to forecasts, by 2030, their number will be up to 439 million. In recent years, the interest of scientists around the world to study the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants has increased. Extensive factual material has accumulated on the beneficial effects of various medicinal plants and fees in the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus, as well as the possibility of correcting natural products, such as camel and mare's milk, containing ingredients that have a hypoglycemic effect. The aim of the study was to develop recipes and technologies for a specialized food product based on camel milk in combination with extracts of medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties and to evaluate the possibility of their use for the prevention and in the complex therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taking into account the medical requirements for diet therapy for type diabetes the recipes and technology of a specialized food product of diabetic nutrition "Inullact-Fito" have been developed. The possibility of using medicinal extracts in the development of a specialized fermented milk product was evaluated, and the concentrations of applying medicinal extracts to the food product were worked out. The technology of step-by-step mixing contributed to the uniform distribution of biologically active substances in the mass of the product. The absence of sucrose and digestible polysaccharides in the composition of the developed specialized food product of diabetic nutrition was established. The results of laboratory tests indicate an improvement in the quality characteristics without any stabilizers and preservatives. The humidity does not exceed the standard values for similar products, the values of the "milk acidity" indicator are characteristic of products with low acidity, along with improved organoleptic properties, which justifies the microbiological stability of the developed product during storage. The products are balanced in amino acid composition, have a high score of essential amino acids due to the introduction of a combination of proteins from medicinal plant extracts. The consumption of one serving (200 g) of the product in the form of bio-yogurt provides the average daily requirement for essential amino acids by 12-21%, polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 – by 10%, ω-6-by 20%, B vitamins – by 12-17%, C-by 33%, β-carotene-by 22%, E-by 10%, macro-and microelements-by 12-30%. The content of polyphenols is 48% of the adequate level of consumption. The inclusion of a specialized food product of diabetic nutrition "Inullact-Fito" in the hypocaloric diet shows an antioxidant, immunostimulating effect and leads to the stabilization of postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with type 2nd diabetes mellitus.

Food Regime for Phenylketonuria: Presenting Complications and Possible Solutions.

In the category of rare inherited genetic disorders, phenylketonuria is a prominent example. Here, the defective phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme fails to catalyze conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. This leads to not only excess deposition of phenylalanine leading to phenylalanine toxicity but also precludes the production of important glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmitters, leading to epileptic disorders, microcephaly, low intelligence quotient etc. For long, specialized food products are considered as preferred solution to prevent disease outcome. Different medical diets are developed for managing phenylketonuria includes amino acid mixtures, protein hydrolysates, cofactor-based therapy, large neutral amino acids and glycomacropeptides. However, despite the advent of alternate forms of diet products, the central form of treatment has still been free amino acid mixture. The formulated diet is by and large expensive and in-depth evaluation of several factors which contribute to the expense of medicated diet is requisite to create effective yet affordable avenues for management of disease. For this, we have discussed the role of various factors involved in increasing price of medicated diet and presented possible solutions to it. We have also extensively reviewed prevalence of disease, commercial diet for PKU patients, and their associated limitations. Overall, this is the first attempt to present a holistic view of balance between the overall impact of diet associated therapy and weighing it against the associated finances incurred.