Specialist Task Research Articles

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ КОНКРЕТНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ КРИТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ

The article deals with students’ critical thinking development using specific situation modelling. The method of critical situation analysis is based on the description of a specific problem situation that appears in specific professional activity and is given in a specific context. Specific situation analysis requires critical thinking development and at the same time favours the development of such thinking. The authors offered a complex of tasks for future specialists’ critical thinking development, the classification of which is carried out taking into account a heuristic method of information analysis. These are the tasks on decomposition, on analogy, on alternative searching, on cause-and-effect relation analysis, the use of regulatory method analysis, aggregation method, paradox method, induction and deduction methods, specific question method, empathy method, «from opposite» method, association method, the method of alternative systems joining. The stages of work of specific situation method implementing for critical thinking development during studying in self-reflexiveness style have been defined. The work in the process of specific situation analysis is offered to be done in the group interaction. Dialogue form thinking development of every partner, reflexive thinking mechanism development occurs in the process of mutual education. The sequence of work on specific situation analysis for critical thinking development provides development in students’ mental performance activity as transition from actions that are stimulated by teacher’s tasks to independent statement of a question, from actions connected with known ways and methods choice to independent search of problem solving and further more – to the development of the skill to see the problems independently and to study them. Specific situation complex implementation has shown that higher education students are aware of their role in workmanship, that doing such tasks allows: to see professional activity problems in different ways and to get them ready to act in non-standard situations in practical activity; to develop thought based on personal experience, to think further, to analyze jointly as for the professional problem solving method.

ANALYSIS OF MODERN EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS OF SOCIAL PEDAGOGUES TO STUDY THE PROBLEMS OF CHILDREN IN UNSTABLE CONDITIONS OF SOCIETY

Social pedagogue – a specialist in the field of educa-tion who carries out professional activities in educa-tional institutions and social protection of the popula-tion. The child development and positive socialization are the targets in the implementation of social peda-gogue job functions, among which is one of the main socio-pedagogical support of students in the process of acquisition and internalization of social norms, behav-ior patterns, values of modern society. The implementa-tion of the principles of the competence approach in the higher education system involves the activation of ef-forts, coordination of the requirements and interests of subjects of educational relations in the context of ongo-ing changes. Among the main subjects of educational relations, we can distinguish the state, which acts as a regulator of the development and modernization of edu-cation, which is a social customer in relation to the re-sults of education and training; the professional com-munity, which expects competitive highly qualified per-sonnel in the labor market; the teaching staff of the University that implements the tasks of training special-ists; students and the parent community as consumers of educational services. The result of interaction between the subjects of the educational process is educational and professional standards that are the basis for de-signing the main professional educational programs of higher education and are designed to ensure the unity of the educational environment in a rapidly changing social environment. The purpose of this article is to present the results of the analysis of educational programs for students – social teachers depending on the requirements of professional and educational standards, as well as factors that char-acterize the instability of the modern social environ-ment, which creates new problems in the socialization of children.

Classification of white blood cells using deep features obtained from Convolutional Neural Network models based on the combination of feature selection methods

White blood cells are cells in the blood and lymph tissue produced by the bone marrow in the human body. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. The most important task of these cells is to protect the human body against foreign invaders and infectious diseases. When the number of white blood cells in the blood is not enough for the human body, it can cause leukopenia. As a result of this situation, the resistance of the human body against infections and diseases decreases. In this respect, determining the number of these cells in the human body is a specialist task. Detection and treatment of this symptom is a labor-intensive process carried out by specialist doctors and radiologists. Image processing techniques have recently been widely used in biomedical systems for the diagnosis of various diseases. In this study, it is aimed to use image processing techniques to improve the classification performance of deep learning models in white blood cells classification. To perform the classification process more efficiently, the Maximal Information Coefficient and Ridge feature selection methods were used in conjunction with the Convolutional Neural Network models. The Maximal Information Coefficient and Ridge feature selection methods extracted the most relevant features. Afterward, the classification process was realized by using this feature set. In this study, AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet-50 were used as feature extractor and quadratic discriminant analysis was used as a classifier. As a result, the overall success rate was obtained as 97.95% in the classification of white blood cells. The experimental results showed that the use of the convolutional neural network models with feature selection methods contributed to improving the classification success of white blood cell types.

Sports training methods and general pedagogical functions of sports

The task of specialists in the field of physical education and sports is to control such requirements in sports and games as hardening the health of the younger generation, increasing their performance, and adapting the body to various living conditions. Recently, the scientific papers characterizing the useful side of sports and games can be found as much as possible for the athlete’s body. Various methodological aids, recommendations aimed at improving sports training, skills and abilities, improving the health value of sports have been developed. Being a complex pedagogical system based on folk experience, sports and games not only solve the problems of developing simple motor qualities, but also help to reveal its deep complex sides, prepare the body for complex physical and psychological stresses. Recently, young people are increasingly beginning to pay attention to sports. Through the proper organization of the training of motor skills, it is possible to achieve comprehensive physical training for young people.

The state of the art of deep learning models in medical science and their challenges

With time, AI technologies have matured well and resonated in various domains of applied sciences and engineering. The sub-domains of AI, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and associated statistical tools are getting more attention. Therefore, various machine learning models are being created to take advantage of the data available and accomplish tasks, such as automatic prediction, classification, clustering, segmentation and anomaly detection, etc. Tasks like classification need labeled data used to train the models to achieve a reliable accuracy. This study shows the systematic review of promising research areas and applications of DL models in medical diagnosis and medical healthcare systems. The prevalent DL models, their architectures, and related pros, cons are discussed to clarify their prospects. Many deep learning networks have been useful in the field of medical image processing for prognosis and diagnosis of life-threatening ailments (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, and brain tumor, etc.), which stand as an error-prone and tedious task for doctors and specialists when performed manually. Medical images are processed using these DL methods to solve various tasks like prediction, segmentation, and classification with accuracy bypassing human abilities. However, the current DL models have some limitations that encourage the researchers to seek further improvement.

The motivation of citizen to follow healthy life-style by means of forming leader qualities in future medical specialists

In actual conditions health care priority is in increasing population size and its life expectancy including duration of healthy life, reducing morbidity, mortality and disability of population, observance of rights of citizens related to health protection that can effectively be achieved by adherence of healthy lifestyle. In order to determine possibility of improving motivation of population to lead healthy lifestyle, through formation of leadership qualities in medical specialists, the study applied such methods as expert evaluation, questionnaire survey, interview, monographic and statistical techniques. The sampling consisted of 46 employees of the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University as experts, 107 students of this educational organization were involved in questionnaire survey and interviewing, and 68 of them were included in the group with pronounced leadership qualities, and 39 respondents consisted the control group. Involving population into healthy lifestyle is priority task of all medical specialists that is regulated by work functions of their professional standards. The effective direction of this work is to influence internal motivation of citizens. The presence of leadership qualities in future medical specialists increases their ability to motivate the population to lead healthy lifestyle at the level of theoretical training by 33.3% and practical training by 65.5% as compared to control group. The main directions of improving motivational work to involve population into healthy lifestyle by future medical specialists is refusal by students' bad habits, teaching them specialized topics in all related disciplines, formation of students' leadership potential. To develop student's leadership skills, training program can be applied in the laboratory of excellence "Factory of health leaders", implemented at the N. A. Semashko Department of public health and health care.

Training for Media and Public Relations: Challenges of the Modernization Era

The article analyzes the key tasks of training specialists in the field of communication. The authors consider the results of research in the professional environment and among students, analyze the possibilities of digital technologies in the development of the specialty. The result of the article is a comprehensive model of digital resource aimed at improving the quality of information interaction between public relations and media communications, expanding the knowledge and skills of communicators, the formation of an information base and professional community for the development of specialists in the field of communications, increasing the efficiency of their activities, increasing public importance and relevance of the profession in the new conditions of the digital economy.

PRAGMASTYLISTIC KAZAKH TV

In this article we are talking about the specific features of the modern Kazakh TV in the language of pragmastylistic. The actual problem of pragmastilistics of Kazakh television is that today programs, TV shows with a publicistic style are seen in a publicistic style. The field of pragmastilistics is also guided by the issues of cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, speech culture, linguoculturology, and determines the type of language associated with these areas. The decrease in the rating of TV programs is due to the fact that the population that sees television is reduced due to a decrease in speech action, the acting power of speech. Focusing on the present and future of the native language on Kazakh television is the task of language specialists. The material for the article is taken from the social-analytical programs on modern Kazakh television “Дара жол”, “Мәселе”, “Біздіңназарда” and the TV program “Дара жол”, “Мәселе”, “Біздіңназарда”. The study of pragmastylistic talk show is the problem today. As a working material accepted program “Қалаулым”,“Өзойым”, “Астарлыақиқат”.

ПРИНЯТИЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ

the article deals with the problem of making industrial decisions related to the construction of industrial facilities. The scheme of decision-making is presented, with consideration of its individual components. A method of collective decision-making is proposed for use on a construction site. In general, the idea of using collective intelligence in terms of solving production tasks is justified from the position of objectivity of conclusions. The essence is to obtain estimates for the required number of properties, based on the experience and knowledge of a group of individuals united in a single commission. If the procedure for creating an expert commission and processing the results of expert evaluations is followed, this method becomes a tool for relatively quick decision-making.
 The research was based on the work of a number of authors who worked on the problem of expert decision-making methods. The article describes the main stages of applying expert assessment of properties. Various methods of acceptance, processing and output of the examination results at all stages of the survey are presented.
 A conceptual scheme for organizing an expert commission was created. A distinctive feature of the project is the setting of a task for specialists, in the interpretation necessary for production. This means that for the same task, the expert, depending on a number of circumstances, can give opposite conclusions.
 Based on the research, we can conclude that decision-making tools like the expert commission are in demand. This article shows how to use corrective formulas to turn a collective decision into a reasonable, objective answer to a question.

RESULTS OF MONITORING STUDIES ON CATTLE LEUCOSIS IN THE ALTAI REGION

Infection caused by the leucosis virus takes the leading position in the structure of infectious diseases of cattle in the Russian Federation. In the Altai Region it has wide but uneven distribution. The task of specialists breeding dairy cattle is to form herds uninfected with the leucosis virus.

Outpacing the pandemic? A factorial survey on decision speed of COVID-19 task forces

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine how individual competencies, team collaboration and clear assignment of tasks and roles predict the decision speed of temporary task forces employed to handle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes COVID-19 task forces and bases of previous research on the performance of temporary teams and human and social capital literature. Linear multilevel regression is used with data from a factorial survey, covering six different continents, various industries and leadership levels from chief executive officers (CEOs) to specialist task force members.FindingsThe study reveals that all analyzed predictors (individual competencies, team collaboration and assignment of tasks and roles) are positively associated with the task force decision speed, with the individual competencies standing out in importance.Practical implicationsTeam member selection is likely to be one of the first tasks necessary when such a temporary task force is created. Additionally, competent individuals might be successful even when not embedded in clear structures and even when not working in their own specialist roles.Originality/valueThe sudden pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 disrupted governments, corporations and individual people alike. As handling a pandemic is new for most involved people, and many such task forces are shown to be manned by personnel not formally trained in crisis management, this study's results represent important contributions to team performance, decision-making and crisis management literature in general. Furthermore, avenues for further research into the comparative analysis of predictors are revealed.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE SHIPBUILDING PRODUCTS LIFE CYCLE AS A STAGE OF CREATING «LEAN PRODUCTION»

The ways of implementing the basic principles of «lean production» at certain stages of shipbuilding production and throughout the entire life cycle of shipbuilding products are considered. The article describes the main losses that occur at the production stage, as well as ways to improve shipbuilding production and directions for solving some problems of minimizing losses in relation to enterprises in the shipbuilding industry. The authors present an example of using CALS technologies in the process of production management, designing marine engineering facilities, communication between individual design organizations and the shipbuilding enterprise when creating complex projects; as well as ways to implement this task as the most promising in the world practice. The main purpose of using CALS in shipbuilding at all stages of the life cycle of a shipbuilding product is to create a unified information model, standardize the main methods for obtaining, storing and interpreting information, protect, certify and license the information used at all stages of the life cycle of shipbuilding products using computer-aided design systems. The article describes the main goals and directions of implementing CALS technologies as one of the stages of improving processes within the framework of the lean production concept. The ways of minimizing production losses in the development of planning and technological documentation and design and technological production preparation, production of working design documentation are considered. The purpose of creating a 3D ship model using volumetric scanning technology as a means of supporting the life cycle of marine equipment products at the stages of maintenance, repair and modernization is shown. The authors list the main ways to implement the assigned tasks at the shipbuilding enterprise, considering them from the point of view of implementing «lean production»; and the essential condition for its effective functioning is the joint use of CALS technologies at the enterprises of the shipbuilding industry, contractors and design organizations. The task of training and retraining specialists for the shipbuilding industry with appropriate professional competencies is outlined.

Tissue preparations as an eff ective means of correction of sexual cyclicalityof infertile cows in the conditions of forest-steppe zone in Zhytomyr region

Implementation of the latest technologies of animal reproduction causes changes in the life of their body and infl uences the manifestation of sexual cyclicity. As a result, one of the main tasks of specialists of veterinary medicine is the elimination of infertility of cows and heifers and improvement of methods of regulation of their reproductive functions. In recent years, in veterinary medicine for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes individually or in combination with other agents during pregnancy, in the postpartum period for gynecological diseases, to stimulate the functions of the sexual apparatus of animals, and their farming to improve productivity eff ectively used biogenic stimulators, that are made of tissues and organs of animals and plants – tissue preparations. But remain changes of the sexual apparatus of infertile cows are not studied in their use. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to study the eff ect of tissue preparations in a complex with ihglukovit for the correction of the sexual cycle of the infertile cows in the conditions of forest-steppe in Zhytomyr region. It has been found that the using tissue preparations make from the liver and placenta and ihglukovit for cows, time successful insemination was minimal and was 47.0±5.11 days. We also observed a positive eff ect on the usefulness of the fl ow of the sexual cycle when used in complex tissue preparations from the liver and placenta, as a consequence of infertility in the cow was of 17.00±1.14 days. As all experienced animals received ihglukovit, and the period of occurrence of complete sexual cycle and the eff ectiveness of insemination of cows was diff erent, then we assume that the changes in animals are due primarily to the infl uence of tissue preparations. We believe that the using of "placental" tissue preparation make from the uterus of pregnant cows with contents was the most eff ective, because it includes biologically active substances that are similar to the sexual apparatus of a cow. Analyzing the obtained results, we recommend to apply the tissue preparation liver, placenta and ihglukovit at a dose of 20 cm3 per animal, three times with an interval of 8-10 days to correct the sexual cycle of cattle and prevention of infertility. Key words: biogenic stimulant, tissue preparation, ihglukovit, reproduction, sexual cycle, infertility, cows.

Prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in oncological surgery (review of the literature)

The multifactorial nature of the problem of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) in oncological surgery underlies that, despite the widespread introduction of risk criteria and routine thromboprophylaxis in practice, it is not possible to completely prevent these postoperative complications. Ensuring the highest level of patient safety for VTEC is one of the priority tasks of the surgical service specialists. Surgical practice requires the development of reasonable criteria for prolonged medical prophylaxis of VTEC and the introduction of methods for the early detection of latent venous thrombosis.

FEATURES OF PERINATAL AND PUBERTY DEVELOPMENT AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME IN ADULT IN MEN

Establishing the causes of chronic pelvic pain in men still remains an urgent task for specialists in various fields. Many etiological factors leading to the onset of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) and its further progression provide grounds for scientific discussion. In order to study the possibilities of predicting the development of CPPS, a promising direction can be the study of the features of the course of the perinatal and pubertal periods of development. The analysis of the ratio of the severity of disorders in the perinatal and pubertal periods of development with the risk of CPPS formation in the adult state in 136 men aged 18-40 years was carried out.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ СПЕЦІАЛІСТА НА ОСНОВІ МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ КАТЕГОРІЙ

Досліджено основні типи та рівні математичної компетентності, що застосовуються до вивчення математичних дисциплін в економічних ЗВО. Актуалізовано питання науково-технічного і соціально-економічного розвитку сучасного суспільства, удосконалення і повної реалізації в повсякденну практику новітніх комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ), використання яких дозволяє значно збільшити ефективність комп’ютерних процесів: систематизації, збирання, опрацювання, аналізу, зберігання, узагальнення, пошуку, передавання і подання різноманітних даних і відомостей. Запропоновано шляхи та умови ефективного впровадження в навчальний процес нових ІКТ для підвищення якості знань і рівня підготовки майбутніх фахівців-економістів. Проаналізувавши теоретичну і практичну частини математичної підготовки майбутніх спеціалістів фінансово-кредитної сфери діяльності, виділено основні функції застосування комп’ютерних технологій в освіті: організація пізнавальної діяльності методом внутрішнього і зовнішнього моделювання; створення нових методик освітнього процесу; своєчасні корекція і контроль системи освітніх дій; моделювання спільної діяльності викладача і студента. Застосування систем комп’ютерних технологій у ході вивчення математичних дисциплін суттєво підвищить математичну освіченість студентів в економічних ЗВО.

Ways to optimize the risk communication between specialists on radiation safety and population: recommendations on communication language

The article discusses the features inherent in the language of communication of specialists in radiation safety among themselves and with the public. Despite the confidence expressed by the population to specialists, their communication is difficult not only for organizational reasons, but also for their languages of communication. The population best understands the language not of the source of information on radiation safety issues (specialists), but of the transmitter of this information – journalists. It is necessary to take into account the difference in the tasks of specialists and journalists in conveying information to the population on the urgent problems of radiation safety, in particular, projects of the nuclear industry. It is shown that taking into account the peculiarities of the language characteristic of the population (or any of its groups) helps in a large degree to optimize information support for risk communication of the population on radiation safety issues. This is necessary for the development of an adequate attitude to the work of the nuclear industry. The article also considers the stages of risk- communication and the factors contributing to its optimization.

Problems of cognitive distortions in cross-cultural communication when using automatic translation in the Russian Chinese dialogue

The article is aimed at analyzing cognitive distortions in crosscultural communication when using automatic translation from Chinese to Russian, which are presented in the Internet space. Hypothesis: cognitive impairment in cross-cultural communication when automatic ChineseRussian translation due to differences in mentality of Russian and Chinese, differential specificity of cognitive picture of the world at native speakers of languages of different structures, especially the inclusion of the components in the scope of the concept, specifics of the representation of the material with different system of graphics, the mismatches of structure of Russian and Chinese proposals, etc. A special role is played by the peculiarities of the tradition of teaching and communication in Russia and China, as well as the specifics of ethnolinguopsychology. The Chinese mentality has a priority influence on the formation of respect for traditions and following them in the written style of speech. The Chinese mentality finds Parallels with the North Caucasian mentality in using the cognitive experience of its predecessors, in following the traditions of pedagogical practice. Russian Russian and Chinese Russian specialists ’ practical skills in cross-cultural communication correspond to the goals, stages, and tasks of training specialists in Russian-Chinese dialogue. The method of analysis is based on an axiological approach and synergetics, including methods of ethnopsycholinguistics, cross-cultural communication, machine learning, methods of teaching languages as foreign languages in an ethno-cultural environment with significant differences in social distance.

Using cognitive task similarities to compare UAS control station designs to air traffic control workstations: a pilot study

This study examines possible similarities between the cognitive tasks of air traffic control specialists (ATCS) and unmanned aircraft system (UAS) pilots as a pilot study to determine if the results from air traffic control (ATC) human factors research can be applied to the creation of Federal Aviation Administration UAS control station design standards. Ultimately, demonstrating such similarities in a pilot study could provide a safer and more cost-efficient avenue for UAS integration into the National Aerospace System as gaps in UAS research could then be filled by existing ATC studies rather than through the commissioning of new studies. In this study, an empirical analysis was conducted on possible similarities through an extensive literature review and a small population sampling. The results of this study support the existence of similarities between the cognitive tasks of ATCSs and UAS pilots; however, these findings are preliminary. Further research is needed to prove the applicability of ATC studies to UAS research.

Analysis of microbiological and serological markers in laboratory diagnostics of animal listeriosis in a veterinary laboratory

The main goal of veterinary specialists is to prevent and eliminate particularly dangerous animal diseases, especially infections transmitted to humans. Listeriosis refers to natural focal diseases common to humans and animals and due to the fact that this infection can be asymptomatic, while the pathogen is stable in the environment, which is a risk of infection of animals and humans. The main task of veterinary specialists working in laboratories is to conduct research on regulatory documents and timely delivery of results. Laboratory diagnostics of animal listeriosis is the main link in preventing the spread of this disease, and proper selection and transportation of material can solve many problems of Listeria isolation and in some cases even reduce the time of diagnosis. The choice of the material research method also plays an important role.