Jargon Research Articles

The Role of Sentiment Analysis in Machine Translation- A Review on the Example of ChatGPT

In today’s globalization, machine translation technology has become an indispensable bridge for cross-lingual communication. The integration of sentiment analysis makes machine translation not only able to convey information, but also able to accurately express and understand the emotional color of the original text, which is of great significance in the fields of cross-cultural communication, customer service, and social media interaction. This study overviews the development of machine translation technology, from early rule-based models to modern statistical models to Transformer-based neural network models, with a special focus on the integrated application of ChatGPT in sentiment analysis and machine translation. First, this study introduces the background and research significance of machine translation, and discusses the role of sentiment analysis in improving translation quality and user satisfaction. Subsequently, the historical development of machine translation technology is reviewed in detail, and the basic concepts and methodologies of sentiment analysis and its applications in different fields are elaborated. On this basis, this study analyzes in depth the technical architecture, language model and interaction capability of ChatGPT, as well as its specific application and performance in sentiment analysis. Further, this study explores the importance of sentiment analysis in machine translation, including sentiment recognition, translation strategies for sentiment expression, and the impact of sentiment analysis on improving translation quality and cultural adaptability. Meanwhile, the advantages and limitations of ChatGPT in sentiment analysis are assessed, and future research directions are proposed, including technology convergence, construction of datasets and evaluation criteria, and ethical and bias issues. Finally, this study summarizes the practical application value of sentiment analysis in machine translation and looks forward to the potential areas of future research, aiming to provide reference and inspiration for the further development of machine translation and sentiment analysis.

Cross-sectoral interventions to promote health-supportive urban environments

Abstract Background As dealing with the complexity of urban living conditions becomes more and more evident and urgent, it is fundamental to promote cross-sectoral interventions that allow cities to become more inclusive and supportive of health. The Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, has promoted a participatory initiative to structurally integrate health into urban planning tools, identifying a framework of tailored urban indicators linked to locally perceived population health issues. Methods Through internal discussion and systematic literature research, a set of urban planners, epidemiologists, and public health experts from regional offices, local health services, universities, and environmental protection agencies identified the urban and health dimensions most suitable for embedding population health into city planning. The result was summarised in a preliminary working paper, which included a matrix of associations between urban features and health dimensions framed according to the DPSEEA framework. Its applicability was then tested in a participatory process (March-May 2024) involving urban planners and public health departments of 7 different sized municipalities. Results A group of epidemiologists identified local-level computable indicators for the health dimensions already included in the matrix or added at request. Each municipality focused on specific topics based on local priorities: 3 groups assessing their already-approved urban plans and looking for computable urban indicators; the others integrating their under-construction plans with local health indicators. Conclusions The need for professional contamination and cross-sectoral interventions is significant. Epidemiological support is pivotal in integrating different professional languages and reading health data. The outputs of this experience will contribute to a technical document outlining how to incorporate health promotion into urban planning tools and practice while actively considering the local context. Key messages • Although the development of a common vocabulary can be difficult, multidisciplinary collaboration is essential in promoting a model for integrating health promotion into urban planning. • Local municipalities’ involvement in the experimentation can improve the model’s applicability by taking into account territorial specificities.

Digital health literacy of adults with low reading and writing skills: A mixed-methods study

Abstract Background Around 12% of the adult population living in Germany have low reading and writing skills. Little is known about their digital health literacy and use of digital health technologies. The objectives of the Liter@te study were to assess the digital health literacy of adults with low reading and writing skills and to explore which digital tools they used in everyday life. Methods A cross-sectional survey (n = 96) and five focus groups (n = 39) were conducted with adults aged 18-64 years with low reading and writing skills. Digital health literacy was measured using the eHEALS scale and compared with results from a nationwide sample. Focus group participants completed a task course on digital health information and then discussed their experiences. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Qualitative content analysis was applied to analyze the focus group data. Results Survey participants were on average 44 years old, 72% were female and 92% were not born in Germany. Compared to the nationwide survey, use of digital health technologies and digital health literacy were lower. In addition, use of digital health technologies was associated with higher digital health literacy. Lack of technical skills, language problems, and searching and finding health information online were most challenging for focus group participants (mean age 43 years, 87% female). Focus group participants reported that they prefer videos when searching for health information online and seek support from family members or local organizations if they cannot find a solution to their health issue. Conclusions Adults with low reading and writing skills search for health information online, but have difficulties to find the appropriate information. Interventions to promote digital health literacy are needed to ensure that persons with low reading and writing skills are not further left behind. Key messages • Adults with low language skills have a low digital health literacy. • Reading and writing requirements and lack of technical skills make it difficult for them to search health information online.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ESP STUDENTS’ WRITING COMPETENCE

In the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), developing writing competence is crucial for success in global communication, especially as digital technologies increasingly shape educational practices. This article explores the influence of digital tools on the writing development of ESP students, highlighting both the advantages and potential drawbacks. Through a mixed-method study involving 100 ESP students, the research analyzes how digital platforms and applications enhance technical language, sentence structure, and professional writing formats. While digital tools foster improved writing abilities and engagement, the study also raises concerns about the over-reliance on technology and its impact on critical self-editing skills. The findings suggest that while digital technologies offer significant benefits, educators must balance their use with the reinforcement of core writing competencies.

A novel gene editing lexicon strategy for the haemophilia community: Research plan for development and preliminary results.

Despite the progress in gene editing platforms like CRISPR/Cas9 with thepotential to transform the standard of care for haemophilia, the language used to explain and discuss gene editing is not aligned across the haemophilia community. Here, we present the objective and rationale for developing a clear, consistent, and globally aligned gene editing lexicon to address these communication gaps. Effectively communicating complex gene editing concepts requires a clear and consistent vocabulary. Through collaboration with a diversity of haemophilia stakeholders, our main goal is to develop an accurate, informative lexicon which avoids overpromising or highly technical terminology. Using an innovative process, representatives from several patient and scientific haemophilia organizations and select biotechnology companies will develop and refine language concepts to be tested with approximately seventy participants across the United States of America, United Kingdom, and Germany. Participants will include lived experience experts (LEEs) and haematologists. The process will be overseen by the Lexicon Steering Committee of global experts from leading scientific and patient organizations in the haemophilia and gene editing fields. Initial feedback provided a robust foundation and rationale for building clear, consistent language around gene editing. This lexicon development framework will allow for increased understanding across the haemophilia community, including thedevelopment of valid informed consent and shared decision-making materials. Results provide important building blocks for stimuli development and highlight the need for a novel gene editing lexicon. In the next phase, language stimuli will be tested with LEEs and haematologists to better understand audience preferences and help shape the final lexicon.

Style of Technical Language: Oil and Gas Discourse

The present paper discusses the style and characteristics of technical language generally and oil and gas discourse particularly and shows the differences between technical and scientific language. The paper starts with providing an overview on technical language and the historical emergence. Then, it shows the difference between technical and scientific language because scads of people think they are the same, which is not the case. The paper proceeds to discuss the style and characteristics of technical language giving examples [along with the Arabic proposed translation] about each characteristic for further clarification, and it moves to discuss oil and gas language showing how this discipline is versatile and interdisciplinary. Finally, the paper recapitulates the characteristics of oil and gas discourse and provides examples [along with the Arabic proposed translations] about each. This paper might be of great benefit for specialist and non-specialist individuals who use technical language, including academics, engineers, technicians, linguists, translators and many more, as it helps to improve understanding of technical texts [which is beneficial for translators] and advance the writing skills of specialist individuals.

Public information dissemination and its impact on force account implementation in Kalambo district council, Tanzania

The study assessed dissemination of public information and its impact on implementation of force accounts in Kalambo District Council in Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was employed in collecting data at one point in time with a mixed methods research approach which was used in an attempt to gain detailed information. A total of 145 participants which includes ward development committees, construction committees and community members were involved whereby 46 key informants were selected purposely based on their positions while simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 99 respondents from the community. The survey, interview, focus group discussion and documentary review method were used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis whereas qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The study findings revealed that information is not easily accessible to the public and a few shared information is not clear due to confidentiality and technical language. The findings also indicate that the public is unaware about the progress force account due to ineffective dissemination of information which leads to untimely completion of works and misuse of resources. The study concludes that there is inadequate information in the implementation of force account projects, thus resulting in poor support, acceleration of low value for money and lack of accountability due to poor public scrutiny. The study recommends that the government institutions should emphasise the use of authorised social and religious gathering in an attempt to raise awareness. Moreover, the selected committee must engage the public in decision making in order to improve transparency in implementation of projects.

White Paper on User Centred Design to Address Challenges in the Design and Creation of Agricultural Data Visualisation Interfaces

The increase in agricultural data has created a need for developing tools that can manage, share, and visualise this information, while also being accessible to farmers. The use of different technical languages, varying needs, and differing objectives for the tools being developed and used creates a gap between technology developers and farmers, leading to inefficient information transfer. Consequently, interfaces are often poorly adapted to the real needs of end-users and lack essential functionality. This white paper aims to propose a User-Centred Design methodology in order to address the challenges encountered in creating interfaces for shared agricultural Data Space Ecosystems. The proposed methodology, an adaptation of ISO 9241:210-2019, highlights the importance of user participation at various stages of the interface design cycle for the creation of user-adaptive technologies.

‘Tortured phrases’ impact the integrity of the environmental literature

In environmental science, it is necessary to accurately describe processes, methods and phenomena using established technical terms and jargon. Any significant deviation from such terms might leave readers and peers confused, while confusion can lead to misinterpretations, opening up the possibility of errors. During peer review and prior to publication in a peer-reviewed environmental journal, it is thus incumbent upon editors and peer reviewers, and to a lesser extent copy editors, to verify that terminology in a scientific paper is accurate. In this brief communication, 61 papers with cases of ‘tortured phrases’, which are terms that have – for some reason – come to replace established jargon, are described in indexed environmental literature, frequently in indexed journals that are generally associated with reputable publishers. Of the 61 papers, 13 have been retracted, suggesting an erosion of the papers’ integrity. Awareness of this phenomenon and these cases allows editors and peer reviewers of environmental journals to be more careful when screening and vetting submitted papers, but should also serve as a lesson for authors to be more careful when writing their papers, avoiding the temptation to automatically incorporate text that online text thesauruses may provide, or to use non-standard terms.

«Non-conforming Pleasures»: Representations of Homosexuality in Casanova’s Histoire de Ma Vie

Giacomo Casanova’s Histoire de Ma Vie offers an interesting perspective for exploring same-sex eroticism in the eighteenth century. Despite its reputation as a classic focused on heterosexual adventures, the Memoirs reveal references to sodomy and eroticism between same-sex individuals. This article aims to identify and place in the historical context traces of this theme within the literary source. It documents biases and captures shifts in sensibilities through Casanova’s firsthand account, delving into male homoeroticism, lesbian encounters, and the evolution of Casanova’s attitude towards male sodomy at a time when terms like «homosexuality» had yet to be defined. The challenge of anachronism is addressed by acknowledging that the absence of a specific terminology in earlier periods does not negate the existence of same-sex love and intimacy. Examining the representations of same-sex eroticism in Casanova’s Histoire provides insights into the historical contextualization of male subjectivity, the understanding of emotions, and the physiological-moral discourse regarding the body-mind connection, during a pivotal turning point in the history of emotions and sexuality.

Brian MacWhinney’s 55 Years Research into Language Education and Psychology: A Systematic Review and Brian MacWhinney’s Personal Reflection

Ali Panahi and Hassan Mohebbi systematically reviewed Brian MacWhinney’s 55 years of research and publication in language education and psychology. The study was conducted in varying sections. Section 1 illustrates a methodology for the systematic review. It presents an impressionistic framework based on which the reviewers developed some exclusion and inclusion rules. Section 2 is concerned with MacWhinney’s overall achievements and contributions; all his research publications were estimated to stand at 540 items. Section 3 presents the themes (micro-themes and macro-themes) in MacWhinney’s research works and presents the extracted technical jargons, terms and concepts for both language education (1548 items) and psychology (447 items). Added to this, nine meta-themes were inferred and extracted for all of his research publications. Section 4 provides a systematic review of his research works. As a result, with reference to the subjective criteria and exclusion and inclusion rules, his research works, i.e., articles, book chapters and books, were systematically reviewed. In the end, Brian MacWhinney provided his own reflection and discussion.

Solidarity, marginalised groups, and COVID-19 lockdowns: censoriousness and penal exceptionalism in Norwegian and Danish prisons during the pandemic

Some of the most marginalised and exposed populations during the COVID-19 pandemic have been those incarcerated in penal institutions. In the present article we compare how Norway and Denmark handled the pandemic in their prison systems and analyse these efforts through the lens of how the authorities tried to invoke specific national cultures of social solidarity during the crisis. In both countries we find that increased isolation, inactivity, lack of information, and loss of trust and contact with the outside world aggravated the prison experience. However, in Norway a bigger effort was made, compared to Denmark, to lower the prison population, as well as to create possibilities for maintaining contact with friends and families through video-visits. We then analyse the pandemic prison policies in the context of how both governments through very specific national terminologies appealed to an alleged community spirit. We examine the role and situation of prisoners in connection with these national and cultural projects of social solidarity, and find that in several cases prisoners reacted to the restrictive pandemic regimes by displaying a censorious attitude towards prison staff and authorities much in the manner originally described by Thomas Mathiesen (1965). Prisoners, in other words, held the authorities accountable to their call for community spirit and the values of social solidarity they claimed to represent. This also raises a question concerning the degree to which Danish and Norwegian policies and practices live up to the notion of Nordic penal exceptionalism, or whether the crisis unveiled different penal values.

Integrating Sparse Reward Handling, Ethical Considerations, And Domain-Specific Adaptation In RlBased Machine Translation For Low-Resource Languages

Effective communication across languages remains a critical challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where conventional machine translation approaches falter due to sparse data and limited quality feedback. This paper presents a holistic framework to enhance reinforcement learning (RL) based machine translation systems tailored for such environments. We address the trifecta of challenges: sparse feedback on translation quality, ethical implications in algorithmic decision-making, and the imperative to adapt models to nuanced linguistic domains. This approach integrates advanced techniques in sparse reward handling, ensuring RL models learn efficiently despite limited feedback. Ethical considerations drive our methodology, emphasizing fairness, bias mitigation, and cultural sensitivity to uphold ethical standards in AI-driven translations. Additionally, domain-specific adaptation strategies are explored to tailor models to diverse linguistic contexts, from technical jargon to colloquialisms, enhancing translation accuracy and relevance. Through a rigorous experimental framework, including evaluation metrics like BLEU score and user feedback, we demonstrate substantial improvements in translation quality and ethical compliance compared to traditional methods. This research contributes to the evolution of robust, inclusive translation technologies pivotal for fostering global understanding and equitable access to information. This paper not only addresses current challenges but also sets a precedent for future research in AI ethics and machine learning applications, advocating for responsible innovation in crosscultural communication technologies

TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Understanding gaps in early detection of and rapid response to invasive species in the United States: A literature review and bibliometric analysis

While concepts regarding invasive species establishment patterns and eradication possibilities have long been a topic of invasion biology, the specific terminology referring to early detection of and rapid response to (EDRR) invasive species emerged in scientific literature during the early 2000s. Since then, the EDRR approach has expanded to include a suite of detection, planning, and management tools. By conducting a systematic literature review, we attempt to characterize the field of EDRR in the United States and its territories as reflected by publication records. Specifically, we assessed publication data such as the number of publications per year, the most common journals where papers were published, and the relationship between author's keywords for studies focusing on aquatic and terrestrial habitats. For publications that used invasive species occurrence or abundance data (whether collected for the purposes of the respective publication or acquired from another data source), we manually vetted additional information such as focal taxa, data collection years and locations, sources of other data used, and whether data or code were deposited in open access formats. We also conducted network analyses for the author institutions that coauthored papers together most frequently and for the references most cited by EDRR publications. Overall, we found that silos existed in terms of which author institutions worked together, which existing literature was cited, and which topics were frequently explored. We also found evidence of substantial gaps in data access and use. For example, although a wide variety of data sources for invasive species occurrences are available, these sources were seldom cited by published literature, and newly collected data was not often deposited into invasive species databases or other open-source data repositories. Considering the continued advocation for a centralized national EDRR information system, our study suggests that facilitating access to data, decision support tools, and other informational resources represents a key opportunity for improving EDRR capabilities.

TRANSLATION PECULIARITIES OF SLANG IN THE OIL AND GAS FIELD(BASED ON THE TERMINOLOGY OF TCO, KPO B.V. COMPANIES)

The article deals with the translation peculiarities of oil and gas slangs. It highlights the translation methods and techniques applicable for technical jargons. The descriptive method is focused as an effective way of translating the slangs used in the oil and gas field. It also reflects the challenges that technical translators face and gives the ways of solving them. The technical translation requires different approaches and methods including subject-matter and language proficiency. That’s why specialized knowledge of the field is necessary for technical translators. It’s hard to say that any philologist of the foreign language is able to translate special terms connected with the oil and gas industry as long as she/he can work on site and see the equipment or the process that is going to be translated. It is vital to remember that the language of the technical text is concise and concrete too. There shouldn’t be any ambiguity and confusion.

1.5 million materials narratives generated by chatbots

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled a comprehensive exploration of materials for various applications. However, AI models often prioritize frequently encountered material examples in the scientific literature, limiting the selection of suitable candidates based on inherent physical and chemical attributes. To address this imbalance, we generated a dataset consisting of 1,453,493 natural language-material narratives from OQMD, Materials Project, JARVIS, and AFLOW2 databases based on ab initio calculation results that are more evenly distributed across the periodic table. The generated text narratives were then scored by both human experts and GPT-4, based on three rubrics: technical accuracy, language and structure, and relevance and depth of content, showing similar scores but with human-scored depth of content being the most lagging. The integration of multimodal data sources and large language models holds immense potential for AI frameworks to aid the exploration and discovery of solid-state materials for specific applications of interest.

Freedom of Speech di Ruang Virtual: Analisis Wacana Fairclough Pada Kanal Youtube Rocky Gerung Official

New media is a communication channel that brings about change by disseminating information through texts published by authors. Because text is a form of ideological practice, language, style, word choice, and grammatical structure, it is understood as a decision that has a certain ideological meaning in order to gain public support. This research aims to analyze Rocky Gerung's freedom of speech on the Rocky Gerung Official YouTube channel and how discourse practices take place on YouTube as a virtual space. This research was carried out to examine virtual media. Using a critical paradigm, this research is descriptive-qualitative using critical discourse analysis methods. Using Norman Fairclough's thinking, at the macro-level analysis, there are linguistic elements used that are philosophical, straightforward, and rich in meaning using metaphors. At the micro level, there is the use of special terminology in the world of politics, government, and philosophy. As well as using intertextual patterns, there is consistency between one sentence and another. At the meso level of analysis, researchers create relationships between characters or participants involved in the text in this research.

Polychlorinated alkanes in indoor environment: A review of levels, sources, exposure, and health implications for chlorinated paraffin mixtures

Polychlorinated n-alkanes (PCAs) are the main components of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) mixtures, that have been commonly grouped into short-chain (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain (MCCPs, C14–17), and long-chain (LCCPs, C18-30) CPs. PCAs pose a significant risk to human health as they are broadly present in indoor environments and are potentially persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. The lack of specific terminology and harmonization in analytical methodologies for PCA analysis complicates direct comparisons between studies. The present work summarizes the different methodologies applied for the analysis of PCAs in indoor dust, air, and organic films. The large variability between the reviewed studies points to the difficulties to assess PCA contamination in these matrices and to mitigate risks associated with indoor exposure. Based on our review of physicochemical properties of PCAs and previously reported sum of measurable S/M/LCCPs levels, the homologue groups PCAs–C10–13 are found to be mostly present in the gas phase, PCAs–C14–17 in particulate matter and organic films, and PCAs–C≥18 in settled dust. However, we emphasized that mapping PCA sources and distribution in the indoors is highly dependent on the individual homologues. To further comprehend indoor PCA distribution, we described the uses of PCA in building materials and household products to apportion important indoor sources of emissions and pathways for human exposure. The greatest risk for indoor PCAs were estimated to arise from dermal absorption and ingestion through contact with dust and CP containing products. In addition, there are several factors affecting indoor PCA levels and exposure in different regions, including legislation, presence of specific products, cleaning routines, and ventilation frequency. This review provides comprehensive analysis of available indoor PCA data, the physicochemical properties, applied analytical methods, possible interior sources, variables affecting the levels, human exposure to PCAs, as well as need for more information, thereby providing perspectives for future research studies.

ON THE WAY WITH FRAMEWORK CURRICULA TOWARDS FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AT NON-PHILOLOGICAL FACULTIES FROM TOMORROW

The aim of our contribution is to show how the framework curricula for the teaching of German and foreign languages which were developed in ten countries during a project for cross-curricular university language education in the period 1998-2014 can support teachers, even under difficult circumstances such as during the pandemic. The holistic approach of these curricula leads teachers to create teaching materials which allow their students to enjoy learning and to develop not only their linguistic, but also methodological, social and personal competences relevant to their future careers. Teaching examples from online classes at Bocconi University (Italy) and hybrid classes at the University in Novi Sad, (Serbia) are presented, which prove that the motivation and creativity of learners, who often perceive professional and technical language as something dry and overly factual, can be stimulated by appropriate working methods and targeted teaching materials. Appropriate teaching materials can be created for German classes as well as for any other foreign language classes, since the indications of principles, objectives, contents and procedures contained in the framework curricula are cross-linguistic and are not bound to the teaching of a single language, although they have been written in German by German lecturers.

The Grand Union Alliance: community-based networking as response to large-scale urban development

Large-scale developments in London often have negative impacts on less well-off communities as they include: demolition of social-rented homes, low levels of new social-rented homes, over-development of luxury housing, loss of existing local industry and replacement of jobs, services and infrastructure that fail to meet the needs of existing low-income communities. However, residents, especially deprived or excluded working class communities, don’t generally engage in the technical and alien language of the planning policy impacting on large-scale developments taking place across London. This paper, written by two community organisers and a researcher, discusses the organising model whereby the Grand Union Alliance, a large network of around 250 groups, individuals and small businesses was gradually developed. The consensus model of working, developed over many years in the Just Space setting, allowed shared positions to come forward across different interests, and supported extensive community-based contributions to the planning process, with some success in influencing planning policy. The paper shares this model of organising, together with some of the challenges and outcomes, in the hope of informing other initiatives to engage with large-scale urban developments across London, and elsewhere.