Special Template Research Articles

One-step synthesis of double-walled NiCo2O4 hollow nanotubes using hollow fiber templates created by airflow-coaxial electrospinning

Metal oxide electrode material NiCo2O4 has significant potential for application as an Electrode material due to its excellent electrochemical performance and environmentally friendly characteristics. This paper utilizes a unique airflow-coaxial electrospinning technique combined with a simple one-step solution reaction to prepare NiCo2O4 nanotubes with a complex double-walled hollow structure. The XPS and XRD results demonstrated the synthesis of the NiCo2O4 materials, while the SEM and TEM results verified the presence of a double-walled hollow structure in the NiCo2O4 nanotubes. The electrochemical performance of the NiCo2O4 double-walled hollow nanotubes is significantly improved compared to those single-layer hollow nanotubes. The maximum specific capacitance of those two kinds of nanotubes is 437.5 F/g and 336.7 F/g under the current density of 1 A/g, respectively. The origin of the electrochemical performance improvement can be attributed to the increased specific surface area and the presence of interlayer ion transport channels in the double-walled hollow structure. The study is very helpful in improving the application prospect of NiCo2O4 material as the electrode material of supercapacitors. Equally important, this study also presents an efficient method to fabricate double-walled hollow nanostructures based on special templates.

Comparison of modern 3D measurement methods for special tasks of shipbuilding industry

Research presents modern technologies of 3D measurements in shipbuilding production parts. Special template of the keel detail was made for the research. The detail measurements with a laser tracker, laser scanning, industrial photogrammetry and handheld scanning are performed. Leica Absolute Tracker AT960-LR was used for Laser tracker measurements. Laser scanning was performed with Z+F Imager 5010. Nikon D2Xs photo camera was used for Industrial photogrammetry. Handheld scanner DPI-7 from DotProduct was also used for 3D measurements of the details. All collected data were imported into 3DReshaper software for comparison. The accuracy comparison for the specific equipment used in the study is performed. The recommendations for optimal equipment use and software products in this research are also included. The authors also present the assessment of the cost and time spent on the measurements.

Ontology-driven development of dialogue systems

A new technique and its software implementation are presented to create a deeply semantically structured ontology using plain natural language text as input, without regular structure or any previous tagging and markup. The new approach is primarily aimed at highly inflectional languages, and is implemented for Ukrainian. The automatically created ontologies (in OWL) could be easily converted to other graph databases formats, such as Neo4j, and were successfully evaluated as valid ontologies using Protégé, RDFlib and Neo4j environments. An integrated approach is proposed for the development of natural language dialogue systems driven by the ontologyrelated graph database using the Cypher language for the formal queries. The original phrases are subject to a special method of semantic analysis, which determines the type of formal query to the database. The essence of the analysis is that the text of the user’s phrase goes through a series of checks. Based on their results, a set of basic templates for the formal requests are determined, as well as additional constructions that are attached to the basic template. Some of the checks may also return the notion of substitution to certain specified positions of the formal query. Formal queries can return both contexts and lists of ontology concepts. In addition to concepts, queries can also return information about specific semantic predicates that connect them, which simplifies the synthesis of natural language responses. The synthesis of answers is based on special templates, the choice of which is directly related to the corresponding template of the formal query.

Rippling Colloidal Polyelectrolyte Complex for Customized Fingerprints with High Tactile Perception.

Fingerprints possess wide applications in personal identification, tactile perception, access control, and anti-counterfeiting. However, latent fingerprints are usually left on touched surfaces, leading to the leakage of personal information. Furthermore, tactile perception greatly decreases when fingerprints are covered by gloves. Customized fingerprints are developed to solve these issues, but it is a challenge to develop fingerprints with various customized patterns using traditional techniques due to their requiring special templates, materials, or instruments. Inspired by ripples on the lake, blowing air is used to generate surface waves on a colloidal polyelectrolyte complex, leading to vertical stratification and the accumulation of particles near the top of the film layer. As water rapidly evaporates, the viscosity of these particles significantly increases and the wave is solidified, forming fingerprint patterns. These customized fingerprints integrate functions of grasping objects, personal identification without leaving latent fingerprints and tactile perception enhancement, which can be applied in information security, anti-counterfeiting, tactile sensors, and biological engineering.

High Temperature-Resistant Transparent Conductive Films for Photoelectrochemical Devices Based on W/Ag Composite Nanonetworks

The traditional Ag nanowire preparation means that it cannot meet the demanding requirements of photoelectrochemical devices due to the undesirable conductivity, difficulty in compounding, and poor heat resistance. Here, we prepared an Ag nanonetwork with superior properties using a special template method based on electrospinning technology. The transparent conductive films based on Ag nanonetworks have good transmittance in a wide range from ultraviolet to visible. It is important that the films have high operability and are easy to be compounded with other materials. After compounding with high-melting-point W metal, the heat-resistance temperature of the W/Ag composite transparent conductive films is increased by 100 °C to 460 °C, and the light transmission and electrical conductivity of the films are not significantly affected. All experimental phenomena in the study are analyzed theoretically. This research can provide an important idea for the metal nanowire electrode, which is difficult to be applied to the photoelectrochemical devices.

A dialogue system based on ontology automatically built through a natural language text analysis

An integrated approach is created to the development of natural-language dialogue systems driven by an ontological graph database. Ontology here has a defined regular structure that contains typed semantic relationships between concepts, as well as related contexts, which may also have a multilevel structure and additional typing. The ontology is created automatically due to the semantic analysis of a natural language using a specially developed original software, which is set up to work with inflected languages, in particular Ukrainian. The ontology description is serialized in OWL format. To work as part of the dialog system, the ontology is transferred to the graph database Neo4j. The Cypher language is used for formal queries. The original phrases of the user are subject to a special method of semantic analysis, which determines the type of formal query to the database. The essence of the analysis is that the text of the user phrase goes through a series of checks. Based on their results, a set of basic templates for formal requests is determined, as well as additional constructions that are attached to the basic template. Some of the checks may also return the notion of substitution to certain specified positions of the formal query. Formal queries can return both contexts and lists of ontology concepts. In addition to concepts, queries can also return information about specific semantic predicates that connect them, which simplifies the synthesis of natural language responses. The synthesis of answers is based on special templates, the choice of which is directly related to the corresponding template of the formal query.

Prognostic model of the absence of larynx motility recovery in unilateral lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery

One of the most serious complications in thyroid surgery is damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which can significantly worsen the patient’s quality of life, so predicting the course of the disease is very important, as it contributes to timely and targeted aid to patients and the determination of optimal treatment tactics.
 Objective — construction of the prognostic model of the absence of larynx motility recovery in unilateral lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery
 Materials and methods. In the years 2018 — 2021, a prospective single‑center study was conducted at the Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Center of Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Investigation involved 164 patients after thyroidectomy with unilateral motility disorder of the larynx. The investigated patients are divided into two groups: the main group (n = 33) included patients with unilateral paralysis of larynx (the mean age 49.7 ± 11.1 years), and control group consisted of 131 patients with unilateral paresis of larynx (the mean age 43.2 ± 14.6 years).
 Results. Prognostication of disease was conducted by means of three methodologies. The method of statistical analysis of Wald was conducted taking into account the most meaningful informing laryngoscopy signs with their gradations (9 laryngoscopy signs and 1 sign that is related to age), that were distinguished by us in previous prognostic research. Diagnostic coefficients and information measures of Kullback J of selected features were determined and a special template was developed using the MS Excel program to automate diagnostic analysis. Method of binary logistic regression allows the expectation of dependence of binary initial variable (present/absent paralysis) after influence of factor variables. Three factor signs that remained after recalculation have been investigated. To ensure quick and convenient execution of calculations, a corresponding template has also been created in the MS Excel program. The prognostic express test, which enabled us to build an easy‑to‑use test based on the most significant two predictors and their gradations, which were converted into ranks. A comparison of the occurrence of paresis/paralysis of the larynx was made for different sums of ranks.
 Conclusions. The diagnostic method based on the sequential Wald analysis, despite good performance in the case of a definite result, gave about 25 % indeterminate results and therefore needs further improvement based on a more representative sample. The diagnostic model built using binary logistic regression led to good results, but working with it requires a personal computer and an appropriate template for calculations in the Excel program. The prognostic express test, which is based on the consideration of only two predictors, is convenient, does not require complex calculations and provides an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity, which can be widely used in the clinical practice of first‑line otorhinolaryngologists for a timely decision on further conservative or surgical treatment.

Promising Roles of Circular RNAs as Biomarkers and Targets for Potential Diagnosis and Therapy of Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains one of the most threatening infectious diseases worldwide. A series of challenges still exist for TB prevention, diagnosis and treatment, which therefore require more attempts to clarify the pathological and immunological mechanisms in the development and progression of TB. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of non-coding RNA, mostly expressed in eukaryotic cells, which are generated by the spliceosome through the back-splicing of linear RNAs. Accumulating studies have identified that circRNAs are widely involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, acting as the sponges or decoys for microRNAs and proteins, scaffold platforms for proteins, modulators for transcription and special templates for translation. Due to the stable and widely spread characteristics of circRNAs, they are expected to serve as promising prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diseases. In this review, we briefly describe the biogenesis, classification, detection technology and functions of circRNAs, and, in particular, outline the dynamic, and sometimes aberrant changes of circRNAs in TB. Moreover, we further summarize the recent progress of research linking circRNAs to TB-related pathogenetic processes, as well as the potential roles of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and miRNAs sponges in the case of Mtb infection, which is expected to enhance our understanding of TB and provide some novel ideas about how to overcome the challenges associated TB in the future.

Guidance of attention by working memory is a matter of representational fidelity.

Items that are held in visual working memory can guide attention toward matching features in the environment. Predominant theories propose that to guide attention, a memory item must be internally prioritized and given a special template status, which builds on the assumption that there are qualitatively distinct states in working memory. Here, we propose that no distinct states in working memory are necessary to explain why some items guide attention and others do not. Instead, we propose variations in attentional guidance arise because individual memories naturally vary in their representational fidelity, and only highly accurate memories automatically guide attention. Across a series of experiments and a simulation we show that (a) items in working memory vary naturally in representational fidelity; (b) attention is guided by all well-represented items, though frequently only one item is represented well enough to guide; and (c) no special working memory state for prioritized items is necessary to explain guidance. These findings challenge current models of attentional guidance and working memory and instead support a simpler account for how working memory and attention interact: Only the representational fidelity of memories, which varies naturally between items, determines whether and how strongly a memory representation guides attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Information support for decision making in problem situation description

Objectives. The problem of automating the user information support in decision making system at the stage of describing the problem situation is solved. The relevance of the problem is associated with the need to collect and process significant amounts of information, since in the presence of a large number of factors, a person's capabilities are often insufficient to search and organize the necessary information.When solving the problem of user information support at the stage of describing the problem situation, three main goals are pursued: building a mathematical model of the corresponding processes; formalization of the set of basic concepts of the model; development of the algorithms for implementation of user interaction with the information system.Methods. Methods of set theory, probability theory and graph theory are used.Results. A mathematical model of user information support at the stage of describing a problem situation has been developed. In the process of interacting with the user, the system suggests special templates of sentences and texts for filling. Along with templates, the user receives help texts from the system. They are generated on the basis of the previously developed model of knowledge representation in the form of verbal associations, that is, semantic links between words and phrases corresponding to associative relationships between the entities they designate in the real world.Conclusion. As an implementation of the proposed model, the following algorithms have been developed: an algorithm for creating a dictionary of communicative fragments; algorithms for creating fragment-slot templates for sentences, texts and subject areas; an algorithm of user information support. The vocabulary of communicative fragments is created in four steps in accordance with their formal definition. At each step, four conditions from the given definition are tested sequentially. Fragment-slot templates of sentences are formed by replacing their basic communicative fragments with slots, and text templates - as tuples of templates of their sentences. Fragment-slot templates of subject areas are created in the form of implementation of binary relations reductions on the sets of sentence templates from the corresponding thematic text corpora. Each thematic body of texts defines a certain subject area.

Speech perception in various acoustic environments: Comparison of different sound coding strategies

Objectives to compare speech perception in a quiet and noisy environment using a basic audio coding strategy (CIS) and a modern strategy (ACE) over a period of 24 months.
 Material and methods. The study involved 30 patients who received hearing rehabilitation in the National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency in the period of 2018 2021. The inclusion criteria were: implantation in the adult age (from 18 to 45 years), speaking fluent Russian, hearing loss after speech skills formation. After initialization and programming of the speech processor, the patients underwent speech audiometry in a free sound field using syllabic and speech tables in silence and noise. The results were collected in the special MS Excel templates and subjected to statistical analysis.
 Results. The intelligibility of syllables in patients with CIS and ACE strategies took comparable values and grew with experience within 24 months (from 52 7.00% at the beginning of the study to 72 7.25% at the end), the greatest increase in intelligibility was noted in the first 3 months after connecting the speech processor (from 52 7.00% to 66 7.87%). Using the Greenberg speech table in silence, the groups with the CIS strategy and the ACE strategy obtained similar results with a slight advantage of the ACE strategy up to 6 months of the study. Later, a significantly higher increase in speech perception was observed in the group with the ACE strategy compared to the group with CIS. After 12 months, the perception tests showed 67 8.62% in patients with CIS strategy and 71 7.54% in patients with ACE, after 24 months the results were 68 9.12%, and 72 8.62% respectively. Under noise conditions, we observed an increase of the difference between groups starting from 6 months (41 5.33% in patients with CIS versus 43.3 7.55% with ACE), the largest difference was registered after 24 months (51 5.50% versus 57 8.25% respectively).
 Conclusion. When compared to the basic strategy, a modern sound coding strategy with a higher resolution can improve speech perception especially with complex speech patterns and in a noisy environment.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of porous media using super-dimension-based adjacent block-matching algorithm.

As porous media play an essential role in a variety of industrial applications, it is essential to understand their physical properties. Nowadays, the super-dimensional (SD) reconstruction algorithm is used to stochastically reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) structure of porous media from a given two-dimensional image. This algorithm exhibits superiority in accuracy compared with classical algorithms because it learns information from the real 3D structure. However, owing to the short development time of the SD algorithm, it also has some limitations, such as inexact porosity characterization, long run time, blocking artifacts, and suboptimal accuracy that may be improved. To mitigate these limitations, this study presents the design of a special template that contains two parts of data (i.e., adjacent blocks and a central block); the proposed method matches adjacent blocks during reconstruction and assigns the matched central block to the area to be reconstructed. Furthermore, we design two important mechanisms during reconstruction: one for block matching and the other for porosity control. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with an existing SD method, both methods were tested on silica particle material and three homogeneous sandstones with different porosities; meanwhile, we compared the proposed method with a multipoint statistics method and a simulated annealing method. The reconstructed results were then compared with the target both visually and quantitatively. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can overcome the aforementioned limitations and further improve the accuracy of existing methods. This method achieved 4-6 speedup factor compared with the traditional SD method.

Species of plasmodium (P. Falciparum and P. Vivax) involved in children with malaria: An experience from a tertiary childcare hospital.

Objective: To find out different species of plasmodium (P. falciparum and P. vivax) involved in children with malaria at a tertiary childcare hospital. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan. Period: October 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 281 cases of either gender, aged 1 to 12 years and patients with malaria were enrolled. A special template was designed to record study information. Venous blood as five ml sample was drawn and dispatched to institutional laboratory for ICT malaria, complete blood count and giemsa stain smear and observed under light microscope. Data analysis was performed employing SPSS version 24.0. Results: Out of a total of 281 cases, 177 (63.0%) were male ande 104 (37.0%) female. Mean age of study participants was 4.29±2.48 years. A total of 135 (48.0%) children belonged to rural areas and 197 (70.1%) had monthly family income < 25000 rupees. Mean duration of illness was 4.21 ± 2.12 days. Previous history of use of anti-malarial drugs was noted in 62 (22.1%) of our study cases. Plasmodium falciparum was observed in 52 (18.5%) cases and plasmodium vivax in 229 (81.5%). Conclusion: Plasmodium vivax is predominantly more prevalent in our population as compared with plasmodium falciparum in children with malaria. Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax were significantly linked with age and disease duration. Malaria was noted to be more prevalent among poor families living in slum areas having inadequate sanitation facilities.

Fabrication of multicolor Janus microbeads based on photonic crystals and upconversion nanoparticles

In this study, a facile method to fabricate Janus microbeads based on photonic crystals and upconversion nanoparticles is designed. The Janus microbeads can be reversed under magnetic response and generate upconversion fluorescence under near-infrared light. Three kinds of core–shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are prepared by the solvothermal method and are mixed with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and different sizes of colloidal spheres. The Janus microbeads are assembled according to the hydrophilic property of the mixture and the hydrophobic property of substrates. The upper parts of the Janus microbeads are photonic crystals assembled with colloidal spheres, and the other parts are Fe3O4. Meanwhile, UCNPs are distributed inside the Janus microbeads. Furthermore, the Janus microbeads are prepared into different lattice patterns using special templates. In the lattice patterns, the structural colors of Janus microbeads can be displayed and disappeared by magnetic field inversion, and under external NIR irradiation, Janus microbeads can generate upconversion fluorescence to achieve multiple color display. The Janus microbeads are also applied to both sides of the bank card, and various reading information methods are designed according to different response modes, which have important applications in pattern display, response materials, and anti-counterfeiting.

PROBLEMS TEACHING PRIMARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS THROUGH A META-SUBJECT APPROACH

Therefore in our article we analyzed the works of scientists who studied the concept of "Meta-subject", "interdisciplinary approach." At the same time, we discussed methods and approaches to teaching primary school subjects through a meta-subject approach. If the methodology of teaching subjects in various subject areas of primary education is based on a theoretical approach and its methodology is adopted, this will allow students to develop the kazakh language, as well as master language skills. In this regard, primary school teachers were given explanations about the meta-subject approach. And also a special task template was developed for schoolchildren and tested. As a result, it was concluded that the chosen methodology, training system and task models allow conducting meta-subject training in primary education subjects to achieve the proposed results. This, in turn, contributes to the comprehensive development of students as a person.

Designing of Parking Spaces on Parking Taking into Account the Parameters of Design Vehicles

Nowadays, in all cities, there is an acute problem of a lack of parking spaces. The number of vehicles is constantly increasing not only in big cities and megacities, but also in small towns of the country, and there are not enough parking places—the pace of solving the problem is several times slower than the growth rate of transport among citizens. The paper is dedicated to the determination of an optimal size of a parking place for design vehicles in a parking space as an element of roads. In the example of passenger cars and trucks, the optimal number of parking places is presented. The results of the research on the dimensioning of parking spaces serve as recommendations and can be used for the design of objects of transportation infrastructure. According to the research, authors introduce the term “design vehicle” and provide its definition. They also figure out optimal parameters for each design vehicle and recommend a special template for designing parking places.

A ratiometric fluorescent sensor with different DNA-templated Ag NCs as signals for ATP detection

Content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an essential index in the development of various diseases and even some malignant tumors. Biosensing for ATP with high sensitivity and accuracy is of fundamental importance in both biological research and medical diagnostics. Here we report a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for ATP based on multi-color silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs). This nanosystem contains two core components: a hairpin DNA integrated with an ATP aptamer, an anchor sequence and a special template segment for synthesis of green-emitting Ag NCs; a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) which is incompletely complementary with the anchor sequence to be a duplex scaffold for red-emitting Ag NCs. Once exposed to the target, formation of the ATP/aptamer complexes opens the hairpin structure and releases the anchor sequence to hybridize with the ssDNA, accompanied by the “turn-off” of the green fluorescence and “turn-on” of the red fluorescence. By measuring the fluorescence intensity ratio of the two signals, we successfully establish a ratiometric sensor which exhibits sensitive and accurate assay performance toward ATP, with the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.38 μM. Meanwhile, this ratiometric sensor shows stable recovery in real sample assay, indicating their potential promise in practical applications.

Template Khusus Untuk Menulis Notasi Angka: Modifikasi Fungsi Tools Program Aplikasi Musik Finale

The numerical notation is one of musical notation which is very popular for most of the Indonesian people, especially composers or music practitioners who have not learned music in formal education. This article is one of the researches about tools modification of music application program of Finale to get a special template to write numerical notation. The method which is used in this research is action research. With this method, the researcher use Finale Music Program tools to get a special template to write numerical notation. The result of this research is a special template to write numerical notation.

A Question-Answering System for Applicant Support Using Modern Messaging Apps

There is an increasing user interest in instant messaging applications. These applications allow us to interact with other users and include a functionality that can help us to implement bots that automate various business processes or provide information services. This paper considers a specialized question answering system that employs today’s messaging services infrastructure to support university applicants. Over two years, we gathered a corpus of typical questions of applicants and developed an information retrieval model for finding similar questions in this corpus. Applicants can type their questions using natural language without any formal requirements to phrase construction or using special templates. If the system is unable to find a relevant answer, the user can directly address the question to representatives of the university. The system was implemented using modern cloud services provided by Amazon. We used serverless computations and NoSQL databases, so we had to develop an appropriate architecture of the service. Since the system operates sensitive personal data and provides personalized service, we analyzed methods of ensuring system security and approaches to user authorization. We are currently testing our system and estimating its information retrieval quality.

Experimental investigation of prefabricated steel-truss waffle slab under flexural loading

A novel type of prefabricated steel-truss waffle slab has been proposed in this article, and compared with traditional waffle slab, there are several typical characteristics of this floor system, including welded steel wire mesh laid in top concrete wythe, orthogonal steel trusses used to reinforce concrete ribs, and foamed concrete blocks filled among the ribs with the purpose of heat insulation and fire resistance. A special template system is adopted for the installation and concrete cast of prefabricated steel-truss waffle slab. All steel segments in prefabricated steel-truss waffle slab are precast and then assembled to form steel system in site. In order to investigate the structural behavior of prefabricated steel-truss waffle slab, two full-scale specimens with different aspect ratio have been experimentally studied under flexural load. The results obtained from the tests have been discussed and analyzed in the context of ultimate flexural load, cracking pattern and failure mode, load–deflection relationship, and load–strain relationship. The experimental results showed that the ultimate load-bearing capacity of prefabricated steel-truss waffle slab has greatly been influenced by the punching shear failure at the rib joints. Three crack types, such as flexural cracks, tensile cracks, and interface cracks, have been exhibited in the final failure of prefabricated steel-truss waffle slab. The deflection development at slab center has presented a four-stage behavior. The significant effect of aspect ratio has also been verified by strain analysis. A computer program has been developed according to the modified structural design method proposed in this article, and the comparison indicated a good agreement between experimental data and theoretical results.