Specific Support Research Articles

Implementation of Blockchain Technology in UKTS Library: Challenges, Obstacles and Opportunities

Blockchain is a technology based on cryptography which uses the principle of distributed ledgers (distributed ledgers) distribution) provides a variety of advantages, especially in security matters. Use of distributed ledgers as the basis of blockchain technology turns out to be very similar to that concept is very familiar among libraries, namely LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Save). This is the meeting point between blockchain technology and libraries. Starting from here, possibilities open up for libraries to implement blockchain technology. Various potential applications of blockchain technology for libraries include: procurement and maintenance of library materials, innovation in circulation services, cataloging, guaranteed protection of personal data and library membership cards, e-book publishing, support for scientific publications and digital rights management, management special collections, research support, financial literacy and UKTS library analysis. However, on the other hand, there are also challenges and obstacles that accompany efforts to implement blockchain technology in UKTS libraries, including: limited knowledge of blockchain technology, challenges in being able to choose the right blockchain, the large costs that must be incurred by libraries starting from implementation costs, maintenance costs to the costs of developing the blockchain system itself, and the last and quite sensitive issue is that there are still some people in scientific circles who think that the issue of personal data security in the blockchain system is not completely safe.

Counseling for Special Needs Children Experiencing Bullying Through Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Approach

When a family having a child with special needs, the happiness that parents experience is mixed with a variety of other emotions such as shock, self-guilt or partner, to worry about their child's future. ABK needs special attention and service. ABK requires special attention, help, service, and learning methods. Likewise, ABK parents need special support to make it easier for them to adapt, accept, and then educate their ABK optimally. One of the forms of support that is needed is counseling. Counseling for ABKs needs to be done among others so that they do not feel alone and have a support group to make them more resilient in the face of various problems and challenges in life. Especially when ABK suffered bullying, where ABK included those who were vulnerable to bullyed because of their different conditions. Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) provides an overview of how counseling for ABK victims of bullying through the REBT approach can help them in addressing the problems associated with the impact of ABK's Bullying.

A ‘forced holiday’ or ‘no escape route’? Contrasting experiences of survivors and perpetrators of domestic abuse during COVID-19

Drawing on a nested qualitative study within REPROVIDE, a randomised controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a group-based domestic abuse perpetrator programme, this article explores accounts of domestic abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of victims/survivors and perpetrators. Based on interviews with male perpetrators and female survivors, including with partner/ex-partner dyads, our study reveals the gendered effects of the pandemic on abusive perpetrator behaviour. Findings are presented through themes addressing the different experiences of victims/survivors and perpetrators during the pandemic. Through an exploration of victim/survivor attempts to ameliorate intensified abuse through compliance (Theme 1), the way perpetrators put on a masculine ‘front’ (Theme 2), the gendered burden of domestic responsibilities (Theme 3) and highlighting the importance of continued specialist support (Theme 4), this article contributes to an understanding of gender inequalities underpinning pre-pandemic domestic violence and abuse and how perpetrators utilised inequalities during COVID restrictions. Some dyads reported relationships feeling more settled in the first UK lockdown, however, this was associated with increased opportunities for control that lockdown provided perpetrators. Both parties experienced changes in service responses. We articulate implications for safe working with perpetrators and families during future pandemics or social crises.

Development and Improvement of Celebrity Foundations in China

As a form of contemporary philanthropic organizations, celebrity foundations have emerged as a new entity in the field of social charity. Supported by the personal identity and influence of celebrities, the development of celebrity foundations is significantly influenced by their fame and impact. Compared to traditional foundations, celebrity foundations possess broader influence and quicker fundraising capabilities. However, Chinese celebrity foundations also encounter challenges during operation, such as excessive reliance on celebrity effects, insufficient management capabilities, lack of transparency, and insufficient specialization. In response to these challenges, celebrity foundations should improve in the following aspects: firstly, celebrity foundations should moderately separate from celebrities and establish their own brand and credibility. Secondly, internal governance structures need further enhancement, with increased supervision and standardization of fund utilization and project management, as well as collaboration with professional teams to provide more specialized support for celebrity foundations. Lastly, talent recruitment and cultivation should be emphasized to establish a specialized team belonging to the foundations brand, thus enhancing the foundations management level and operational efficiency.

Development and Improvement of Celebrity Foundations in China

As a form of contemporary philanthropic organizations, celebrity foundations have emerged as a new entity in the field of social charity. Supported by the personal identity and influence of celebrities, the development of celebrity foundations is significantly influenced by their fame and impact. Compared to traditional foundations, celebrity foundations possess broader influence and quicker fundraising capabilities. However, Chinese celebrity foundations also encounter challenges during operation, such as excessive reliance on celebrity effects, insufficient management capabilities, lack of transparency, and insufficient specialization. In response to these challenges, celebrity foundations should improve in the following aspects: firstly, celebrity foundations should moderately separate from celebrities and establish their own brand and credibility. Secondly, internal governance structures need further enhancement, with increased supervision and standardization of fund utilization and project management, as well as collaboration with professional teams to provide more specialized support for celebrity foundations. Lastly, talent recruitment and cultivation should be emphasized to establish a specialized team belonging to the foundations brand, thus enhancing the foundations management level and operational efficiency.

The Impact of Small Business Financing on The Digital Palestinian Economy

This study investigates the influence of financing on the digital economy of small businesses in Palestine. Through a combination of surveys and interviews with 50 Palestinian small business owners, the research reveals a nuanced relationship between financial support and its economic effects. The findings indicate that while some respondents experienced benefits such as enhanced competitiveness and market expansion, others encountered difficulties, suggesting the need for customized financial solutions. The study identifies prevalent financing mechanisms, including bank loans and government grants, and emphasizes the importance of specialized support programs in fostering entrepreneurship and generating employment. Job creation is highlighted as a significant economic impact, corroborating existing research on the role of small businesses in reducing unemployment and promoting economic stability. The study also addresses challenges related to financing, such as regulatory hurdles and political issues with international stakeholders, as noted in the literature. Overcoming these challenges is essential for maximizing the potential of small businesses in Palestine. Recommendations from respondents include simplifying regulations and enhancing collaboration between government bodies and financial institutions, offering practical measures to improve financial accessibility for small enterprises. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how financing mechanisms can stimulate economic growth within the unique context of Palestine.

Impact of an Integrated Human Performance Support Group: Evaluation of Air Force Special Warfare Candidate Training and Musculoskeletal Injury Outcomes Over Eight Fiscal Years.

The Special Warfare Training Wing and Special Warfare Human Performance Support Group (HPSG; all-co-authors) were established in fiscal year (FY) 2019 to consolidate and oversee all Air Force Special Warfare (AFSPECWAR) training and provide embedded medical and human performance support to candidates with the goal of improving graduation rates and the longevity of the AFSPECWAR operator. The purpose of this manuscript is to assess the impact of the HPSG on AFSPECWAR graduation rates, musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) incidence, and cost. Graduation rates, MSKI incidence (including incidence density and cumulative incidence probability), and MSKI-related health care costs were assessed across all AFSPECWAR training pipelines spanning 8 FYs 2015-22, including Indoctrination, Assessment, and Selection Courses (Selection); Tactical Air Control Party (TACP); Special Tactics (ST), and Guardian Angel (GA). A total of 5,728 distinct candidates were assessed over the time frame. There were significant decreases in attrition when comparing the HPSG era (FY 19-22) with the prior 4-year period for the ST (47% vs. 82% graduates) and TACP (34% vs. 41% graduates) training pipelines. The corresponding Selection (36% graduates) and GA (80% graduates) pipeline attrition rates remained stable. MSKI incidence rates (both incidence density and cumulative incidence probability) overall were not significantly different when comparing the pre-HPSG and HPSG time frames; however, they varied between the two time frames by course. GA candidates had a decrease in MSKI during the apprentice course in the HPSG era compared with the pre-HPSG era (2.4-1.0 cases per 100 trainee weeks; P < .001), which corresponds to a nearly 20% reduction in the cumulative incidence probability (i.e., proportion of trainees injured) after 10 weeks of course. For ST and TACP courses, however, significantly increased incidence of MSKI was observed when comparing the two time frames (P < .001), while for Selection courses, the rates remained stable. A significant reduction in the cost of MSKI-related management (62% total relative value units, 83% total costs) was observed. The impact of the HPSG on attrition, MSKI incidence, and cost-of-care was not consistent across all training pipelines; however, taken together, there were no increases in attrition, and the cost of MSKI management was significantly lower.

Depressive symptoms among individuals identifying as asexual: a cross-sectional study

Although asexuality became a growing research subject over the last decade, data on the mental health of individuals identifying as asexual is still rare. The key objective of the present study was to examine depressive symptoms among individuals identifying as asexual. Data of LGBTQIA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Trans*, Queer, Inter*, Asexual and/or + indicating others within the community) and cisgender heterosexual individuals was collected through an online survey during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Germany. The survey included questions about sexual and gender identity, depressive symptoms, and asexual identity. An analysis of N = 6601 participants was conducted. A total of n = 445 individuals identified as asexual. Regression results indicated identifying as asexual being significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms. Results suggest that individuals identifying as asexual represent a vulnerable group within the group of sexual minorities, one that fundamentally requires special psychosocial support, especially in times of pandemics.

Вопросы организации «умного поезда милосердия»

The article is devoted to the problem of digitalization of sanitary trains, which ensure the stage of medical evacuation of victims in emergency situations. In order to improve the quality of medical and diagnostic measures along the route, and the use of existing digital medical services, it is necessary to create a “smart mercy train” (UPM) equipped with modern information and telecommunications facilities. Relevance: At the stage of the digital transformation of Russian Railways, ensuring the timeliness and efficiency of medical evacuation of victims is possible by creating a “smart mercy train” using existing solutions for objects of an intelligent transport system. The choice of equipment for an intelligent transport system is determined by the volume and type of information of a medical and administrative nature. Objective: To assess the projected information flows and functional needs of a “smart” means of medical evacuation by rail in emergency situations. Methods: Methods of expert survey, system analysis and theory of operations research were used. Results: An analysis of existing solutions for the creation of a “smart” means of medical evacuation by rail is presented. The internal and external information flows received by the head of the mercy train, which need special technical support (means of communication), are ranked. The place of the integrated personal electronic medical record at the stages of medical evacuation within the framework of the Unified Military Medical Information System has been determined. The results of the creation of a digital “smart mercy train” are determined. Practical significance: Taking into account the assessment of projected information flows and functional needs of communication users in the UPM made it possible to determine the required types of communication and the speed of information transfer for the implementation of the functions of communication users, which will further calculate the average subscriber load on the UPM communication network.

Primary care-based interventions for secondary prevention of opioid dependence in chronic non-cancer pain patients on pharmaceutical opioids: systematic review.

Globally almost one third of adults with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) are prescribed opioids. Prevention of opioid dependence among these patients is a public health priority. Synthesise the evidence on the effectiveness of primary care-based interventions for secondary prevention of opioid dependence in CNCP patients on pharmaceutical opioids. Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative non-randomised studies of interventions from high-income countries. We searched five databases for studies on non-tapering secondary prevention interventions such as tools for predicting dependence, screening tools for early recognition of dependence, prescribing/medication monitoring, and specialist support. We examined multiple outcomes, including reduction in opioid dosage. Primary analyses were restricted to RCTs with data synthesised using an effect direction plot. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB2) tool. Of 7,102 identified reports, 18 studies were eligible (8 RCTs). Most used multiple interventions/components. Of the seven RCTs at low risk of bias or 'some concerns', five showed a positive intervention effect on at least one relevant outcome, four of which included a nurse care manager and/or other specialist support. The remaining two RCTs showed no positive effect of automated symptom monitoring and optimised analgesic management by a nurse care manager/physician pain specialist team, or of a mobile opioid management app. We identify a clear need for further adequately powered high quality studies. The conclusions that can be drawn on intervention effectiveness are limited by the sparsity and inconsistency of available data.

Assessing antimicrobial stewardship governance in Northeast Brazilian hospitals: a survey-based analysis.

Effective governance of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and infection prevention control (IPC) in healthcare facilities is crucial for safeguarding patients against healthcare-associated infections and enhancing patient outcomes by optimizing antibiotic use and curbing the spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens. To assess the current AMS governance in two public hospitals in Northeast of Brazil, specifically focusing on identifying institutional antibiotic policies and operational practices. A survey was conducted by team leaders of both hospitals from 2020 to 2022 using a questionnaire adapted from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) recommendations for implementing AMS programmes (ASP) in Latin America and the Caribbean, alongside criteria from the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and CDC. Fifty leaders, from senior management to coordinators, answered the questionnaire. Results indicate a lack of AMS process measures, specialist support, systematic antimicrobial utilization analysis and structured IPC programmes, especially in one hospital where patient records remain in paper format. The empirical use of antimicrobials without local epidemiological or susceptibility data underscores the absence of logistical support for microbiological cultures in the region. These findings emphasize the urgent need for systematic AMS processes and multiprofessional teams to drive AMS and IPC practices, essential for patient care and safety.

P-497 Increasing use of pan-ethnic carrier screening for donor gametes creates new challenges for clinics and recipient counselling

Abstract Study question How can clinics support recipients to understand a positive or negative carrier status following pan-ethnic carrier screening. Summary answer A combination of recipient testing and genetic counselling enables the use of donor sperm irrespective of pan-ethnic screening results. What is known already Data reported by the HFEA, UK reveals that in 2020, more than half of new donor registrations were from donor imports - 48% were American or Danish in origin, where the level of genetic screening for recessive conditions can vary from 3 to 502 genes. Donor banks generally state that donors are screened to professional guidelines for the countries they supply. Variations in the practice for carrier screening of gamete donors and how this information is shared and charged can be opaque to clinics and complex for recipients to navigate without specialist support to understand relevance and reproductive risk. Study design, size, duration This study reports on the number of genetic counselling requests from several IVF clinic referrals in the UK for the period Jan 2020 - Dec 2023. A total of 412 recipients interested in purchasing samples from donors identified as a positive carrier of one or more recessive condition(s) after undergoing extended carrier screening. Referrals for ECS negative donors were not received. Participants/materials, setting, methods Recipients were provided with the opportunity of genetic counselling to include the meaning of the carrier status, risk estimates, and options. Recipients were then given the opportunity to review the consultation report and were supported through their subsequent decision-making. The recipient’s choice to accept the risk for using the donor or proceed to counter-screening was evaluated to give insight into the recipient decision-making for accepting risk or wishing to undertake carrier screening. Main results and the role of chance UK screening recommendations cumulatively account for only 9.3% of identified mutations within a sperm donor applicant population at a single commercial US sperm bank screened using ECS, highlighting international inconsistencies in donor recruitment and acceptance criteria. 15.3 % (n = 63) of recipients elected to be screened for the conditions their donor was a carrier for, with most opting to be screened on a matched gene panel to provide information for a child and allow future matching with an alternative donor. 84.7% (n = 359) proceeded with treatment without counter screening appreciating their relatively low reproductive risk. Patients who undertake consultation with a genetic professional can understand their reproductive risk for autonomous decision-making, indicating ECS positive results are not a barrier to donor gamete selection for treatment. Limitations, reasons for caution ECS panels are variable by commercial provider, donor banks may vary their carrier screening policy or commercial ECS options over time, limiting the findings to the time frame in which the abstract was written Wider implications of the findings Review and implementation of carrier screening guidelines are required to ensure consistency and transparency with access to suitably qualified genetics professionals to provide information counselling and genetic testing options. This allows recipients to maintain a level of autonomy for donor selection and may ultimately widen the available donor pool. Trial registration number not applicable

Farming is not a joke: the entrepreneurship ecosystem of agricultural social enterprises

PurposeThis study aims to work toward understanding the entrepreneurship ecosystem of agricultural social enterprises in the Philippines by exploring the interactions between policy, culture, supports and human capital domains.Design/methodology/approachThe authors considered using an exploratory single-embedded case study approach, involving methodological triangulation of document analysis, semistructured interviews and participant observation. The authors analyzed the data using a narrative approach to map the ecosystem.FindingsThrough the research, the authors discovered that while each domain functions effectively individually, disconnects exist when interacting collectively as an ecosystem. The authors come to know that there is no policy consensus on social enterprise definitions, which limits specialized policy support. Although support services like incubators are available, the authors observed that awareness and accessibility vary based on location and business maturity. The authors also noted that human capital helps translate concepts into frameworks, but research tailored to agriculture and social entrepreneurship is limited. The authors come to the conclusion that collaboration and openness across domains are needed to strengthen connections and synergies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was geographically limited to Luzon Island, and the authors did not include the finance and markets domains of the ecosystem model in the analysis.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, the authors identify strategies to reinforce connections, such as increasing awareness of support services, developing tailored policies for social enterprises, conducting specialized research and promoting collaboration across domains. The authors are convinced that implementing these strategies can further develop the agricultural social entrepreneurship ecosystem.Originality/valueThe study provides unique empirical insights into the agricultural social entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Philippines. The authors captured the narratives and experiences of key ecosystem stakeholders along the process. The authors have confidence that what the authors found can strategically guide policymakers and support organizations, educational institutions and social entrepreneurs to accelerate ecosystem development for greater social impact.

Palliative care considerations for the older adults with HIV/AIDS: a clinical practice review.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has historically been viewed as a terminal condition affecting younger populations, however, with advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and better healthcare provisions, people with HIV are now living longer than ever before. This shift has highlighted the need to readdress the end-of-life care needs of patients aging with HIV. People aging with HIV face a double burden. Aging itself comes with an array of health challenges, including cognitive decline, frailty, and increased susceptibility to chronic illnesses. Despite effective management with ART, HIV is associated with ongoing inflammation, and may accelerate aging processes, increasing the risk of certain cancers and comorbidities, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The stigma surrounding HIV, though diminished over the years, still lingers. People living with HIV have experienced decades of intersecting stigmatized identities in the context of social isolation, leading to potential psychological challenges like depression, anxiety, and loneliness, all of which may be amplified by aging. Addressing these emotional and social needs is as crucial as managing their physical health. The integration of primary palliative care into geriatric practice is crucial, as it improves the quality of life for older patients with chronic illnesses, life-limiting conditions. This is particularly relevant for aging individuals with HIV, who often face complex medical needs and multiple comorbidities. Primary palliative care is the basic, integrated palliative care support provided by non-specialists as part of routine care, while specialist palliative care involves more complex and specialized support from a team with specific training in palliative care. Incorporating palliative care principles enables geriatric healthcare providers to address these comprehensive needs more effectively. This approach encompasses not only physical symptom management but also the emotional well-being of patients. It aids in advanced care planning and decision-making that resonate with the patients' values and goals. Ultimately, this integrated approach leads to improved patient outcomes and a higher quality of care. This review delves into the unique considerations and challenges of providing palliative care to people aging with HIV, recognizing the interplay of age and HIV in the era of modern ART.

Exploring the Clinical Characteristics and Comorbid Disorders of Borderline Intellectual Functioning.

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is characterized by cognitive impairment and deficits in adaptive functioning. Despite affecting a significant proportion of the population, BIF still remains underdiagnosed and poorly understood. In addition to cognitive impairments across a range of domains, individuals with BIF face a greater risk of academic failure and often require special educational support. They suffer from emotional problems, such as difficulties with emotional awareness, anxiety, depressed mood, and unhappiness. Individuals with BIF are more likely to have an impairment of social and adaptive functioning. Furthermore, individuals with BIF are at higher risk of physical and mental health problems, often receive inadequate treatment, and have a poorer prognosis. This review aims to enhance the understanding of clinicians, educators, and policymakers by providing an overview of the characteristics of BIF and its associated challenges, ultimately contributing to the improvement of support systems for individuals with BIF.

The effect of beliefs and self‐efficacy on the levels of sexual abuse‐related anxiety in parents of children with disabilities

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self‐efficacy, sexual abuse‐related anxiety and belief levels of the parents of children receiving special education support. The study was descriptively conducted with the parents of 141 students who received special education in primary school in Kayseri in the 2021–2022 academic year. Parent information form, Parental Beliefs Form on Child Sexual Abuse (PBFCSA), Sexual Abuse Parental Anxiety Scale (SAPAS) and Parental Self‐Efficacy Instrument for Children with Disabilities (PSICD) were used in the study. Independent samples t test, Pearson rank correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. In the study, statistically significant and positive correlations were found between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and anxiety about sexual abuse (r = 0.318; 95% CI [0.188, 0.438]), between anxiety about sexual abuse and parental self‐efficacy (r = 0.389; 95% CI [0.213, 0.531]) and between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and parental self‐efficacy (r = 0.324; 95% CI [0.116, 0.514]). In the study, it was found that 24.4% of parental anxiety was explained by parental self‐efficacy, beliefs about sexual abuse, parent status, working status and age. In the study, a weak but positive and significant relationship was found between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and anxiety about sexual abuse. It is recommended that studies should be conducted to determine appropriate coping methods for parents' concerns about sexual abuse and to monitor changes in their beliefs and self‐efficacy. In addition, it is predicted that applied studies addressing self‐efficacy and beliefs should be conducted to understand how levels of anxiety might be reduced.

Early maternal death following child removal—A short report using observational data

Key Practitioner Messages Mothers who have a child removed from their care often face a range of vulnerabilities, such as abuse in childhood, isolation, poverty, poor mental health, domestic abuse, and substance misuse, which contribute to the reasons for their children being removed. Yet following this removal, and at a time of acute need for them due to the trauma involved, birth mothers frequently disappear from the gaze of services, as children's services are structured to meet the needs of the child. There is evidence that mothers who have a child removed are at a significantly increased risk of early death. While the need for support for the children is irrefutable, equally there needs to be specialist support for their mothers, which goes beyond children's services and involves health services.

Effects of a mattress cover with special airflow technology on the structure and function of the sacral and heel skin during loading: A two-arm exploratory crossover trial.

Prolonged mechanical loading of the skin and underlying soft tissue cause pressure ulceration. The use of special support surfaces are key interventions in pressure ulcer prevention. They modify the degree and duration of soft tissue deformation and have an impact on the skin microclimate. The objective of this randomized cross-over trial was to compare skin responses and comfort after lying for 2.5 h supine on a support surface with and without a coverlet that was intended to assist with heat and moisture removal at the patient/surface interface. In addition, physiological saline solution was administered to simulate an incontinence episode on the mattress next to the participants' skin surface. In total, 12 volunteers (mean age 69 years) with diabetes mellitus participated. After loading, skin surface temperature, stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH increased, whereas erythema and structural stiffness decreased at the sacral area. At the heel skin area, temperature, erythema, and stratum corneum hydration increased. These results indicate occlusion and soft tissue deformation which was aggravated by the saline solution. The differences in skin response showed only minor differences between the support surface with or without the coverlet.

독일 특수교육의 역사에서 시대별 특수학교 명칭의 변천 과정과 시사점 탐색

Terms related to disability reflect the reflection of times and philosophies of the time, and with what conceptualized vocabulary they should be expressed has been dealt with as a major topic in academia. This paper viewed that there must have been reasonable social public opinions and purposes in the process of changing the names of special schools, and mainly paid attention to understanding the paradigm shift in special education through the foregoing. In Germany, the names of special schools attended by students with disabilities have been changed several times. In this study, the names were divided into ‘Hilfsschule’, ‘Sonderschule’, and ‘Förderschule’ and the process of changing the names was generally examined. Whereas ‘Hilfsschule’ was introduced in that it was a positive term on humanitarian grounds, ‘Sonderschule’ helped organize 10 different types of special schools into one school system and establish a thoroughly independent school system. The name ‘Förderschule’, which has represented special schools in Germany since the 2000s, can be seen as emphasizing the need for special educational support. ‘Special schools for students with disabilities’ are being changed into ‘support centers for all students who need support.’ As concerns about terms that reflect the trends of the times are a common topic regardless of eras or societies, it is expected that examining the process of changing the names of special schools in Germany will have many implications for us as well.

통합교육 지원 순회교육 실태 및 요구 조사

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of operation and demands for a better direction as itinerant education for supporting integrated education is legally enacted. To this end, focus group interviews (FGI) were conducted with special education teacher. These teachers were in charge of integrated education support itinerant education for special education students attending schools without special classes at special education support centers of all local education support offices under the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. As a result of the completed interviews, five major themes, 16 minor themes, and 54 meaning units were derived. Based on the research results, directions for better integrated education support and itinerant education were discussed and suggested.