독일 특수교육의 역사에서 시대별 특수학교 명칭의 변천 과정과 시사점 탐색

Abstract

Terms related to disability reflect the reflection of times and philosophies of the time, and with what conceptualized vocabulary they should be expressed has been dealt with as a major topic in academia. This paper viewed that there must have been reasonable social public opinions and purposes in the process of changing the names of special schools, and mainly paid attention to understanding the paradigm shift in special education through the foregoing. In Germany, the names of special schools attended by students with disabilities have been changed several times. In this study, the names were divided into ‘Hilfsschule’, ‘Sonderschule’, and ‘Förderschule’ and the process of changing the names was generally examined. Whereas ‘Hilfsschule’ was introduced in that it was a positive term on humanitarian grounds, ‘Sonderschule’ helped organize 10 different types of special schools into one school system and establish a thoroughly independent school system. The name ‘Förderschule’, which has represented special schools in Germany since the 2000s, can be seen as emphasizing the need for special educational support. ‘Special schools for students with disabilities’ are being changed into ‘support centers for all students who need support.’ As concerns about terms that reflect the trends of the times are a common topic regardless of eras or societies, it is expected that examining the process of changing the names of special schools in Germany will have many implications for us as well.