Special Supplement Research Articles

Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Role of Etiological, Evaluation, and Implementation Research

Research on adverse childhood experiences is a vital part of the data-to-action link and the development of evidence-based public health and violence prevention practice. Etiological research helps to elucidate the key risk and protective factors for adverse childhood experiences and outcome research examines the consequences of exposure to them. Evaluation research is critical to building the evidence base for strategies that are likely to have a significant impact on preventing and reducing adverse experiences during childhood. Implementation research efforts inform the movement and scale-up of evidence-based findings to public health practice. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Violence Prevention located in the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control is investing in a number of research initiatives that are designed to advance what is known about the causes and consequences of adverse childhood experiences (i.e., etiological research), the strategies that are effective at reducing and preventing them (i.e., evaluation research), and how to best adapt and scale effective strategies (i.e., implementation research). This article complements the other articles in this Special Supplement by briefly providing a review of reviews for each of these areas and highlighting recent research investments and strategic directions by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the area of child abuse and neglect and adverse childhood experience prevention. Research investments are critical to advancing the evidence base on the prevention of adverse childhood experiences and to ensure safe, stable, and nurturing relationships and environments so that all children can live to their fullest potential.

Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of iron deficiency conditions in atletes

Based on the analysis of modern literature data, an algorithm was formed for the diagnosis and correction of iron deficiency states in sports in general and in the dynamics of the real training process of qualified representatives of Olympic sports, in particular, for further evaluation of the effectiveness of the innovative liposomal form of bivalent iron. To achieve the goal, we used the analysis data and synthesis of research results available in the modern scientific literature on the issue under study, as well as conducting research on assessing the safety and effectiveness of the liposomal form of bivalent iron in the dynamics of the training process of athletes. The article presents modern algorithms for the diagnosis of anemias, in particular iron deficiency anemia and latent iron deficiency, presents their laboratory and clinical manifestations, and postulates a negative impact on the effectiveness of the competitive process. The frequency of occurrence of iron deficiency states in the population of Ukrainian athletes has been analyzed and it has been shown that these data correspond to world trends. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 67 athletes, a detailed analysis of the effect of the course use (30 days) of a modern special food supplement “Santeferra” based on ferrous pyrophosphate in liposomal form on indicators of hematological homeostasis and indicators of content, metabolism and transport of iron in representatives of cyclic sports in the dynamics of the training process. Positive shifts in the indicators of the erythrocyte link were found in athletes with a predominantly aerobic mechanism of energy supply, which has a beneficial effect on the oxygen transport function of the blood and, accordingly, on the effectiveness of training and competitive activities of representatives of cyclic sports. Thus, the relatively high frequency of occurrence of iron deficiency states in cyclic sports, especially among female athletes, necessitates serial screening studies and not only therapeutic, but also preventive measures aimed at preventing a decrease in the iron content in the body.

Evaluation of suitability areas for ecotourism using multi-criteria analysis. The case of central Serbian viticultural region.

Tourism in the wine region of Central Serbia has been gaining more and more affirmation in recent years. This wine destination offers to tourists a rich wine culture and recreation. Also, as a special supplement to wine tourism, ecotourism is especially promoted, in combination with quality wines with geographical origin. The basic analysis of this study is to identify potential locations for ecotourism activities in the wine region of Central Serbia based on physical-geographical elements (topography, altitude, slope, land use / coverage, diversity, distance from rivers) and socio-economic data (proximity to tourist attractions, distance from major roads and places). The integration of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) greatly facilitates the decision-making process in the assessment of ecotourism activities. As a result of this paper, a map of benefits for the development of ecotourism potentials was highlighted. Very high potential is shown by forest areas that can play a key role in tourism but are not fully used. This analysis helps in two ways: the promotion of ecotourism and viticultural destinations. In particular, in the assessment and implementation for local communities to identify tourism as an opportunity for economic development.

Addressing Healthcare Disparities In The Scientific Contributions To The Heart Failure Society Of America Meetings: How Much Progress Did We Make?

Background Scientific meetings have integral role for physicians and researchers to exchange ideas and shedding light on most crucial aspects in medicine among which is the healthcare disparities (HCD) which have recently gained much attention from policy makers and researchers. Up to our knowledge, no prior data addressed the proportions of scientific contributions that focused on healthcare disparities and presented in cardiology conferences. So, we sought to determine the reporting of HCD in HFSA abstracts that were presented in 2018-2020. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the HFSA meeting abstracts that were published in special supplement issues in the Journal of Cardiac Failure of three years 2018-2020, all abstracts were screened from both title and abstract text to assess if the abstract main focus was to highlight HCD (age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic, geographic, circadian or linguistic). If an abstract highlighted more than one HCD then we counted each disparity separately without merging of data. Results Total number of abstracts analysed was 1282, among which 97 (7.6%) were addressing one or more disparities. The first author of the abstracts highlighting HCD were almost universally from US affiliation (Except five abstracts whose first authors were from non-US affiliation). The abstracts focusing on HCD were 4.8%, 7.4% and 9.8% in 2018, 2019 and 2020 HFSA meetings respectively. Among the abstracts focusing on HCD; sex/gender disparity was the most reported HCD (32.5%) followed by age and race/ethnicity disparities (25.2% and 24.4%) respectively, see Fig A. Race/Ethnicity was the most reported HCD in HFSA2018 (36.8%), age was most common HCD in HFSA2019 (36.4 %) while sex/gender was the most common HCD in HFSA2020 (40%), see Fig B. Despite the increase in total number of abstracts addressing HCD in 2019 and 2020, there is no significant difference between the types of HCD among the three analysed years (p=0.33). Conclusions The scientific contributions to HFSA that focus on different HCD were doubled from 2018 to 2020 with sex/ gender disparity being the most common reported one, however, there is no significant difference among the three included meetings according to the type of healthcare disparity. As the population diversity increases, there is crucial need to address healthcare disparities to overcome them. When cardiovascular meetings tend to specify sessions and poster categories focusing on healthcare disparities, this can promote the awareness and propose solutions to this concerning healthcare issue particularly in cardiovascular care. Scientific meetings have integral role for physicians and researchers to exchange ideas and shedding light on most crucial aspects in medicine among which is the healthcare disparities (HCD) which have recently gained much attention from policy makers and researchers. Up to our knowledge, no prior data addressed the proportions of scientific contributions that focused on healthcare disparities and presented in cardiology conferences. So, we sought to determine the reporting of HCD in HFSA abstracts that were presented in 2018-2020. Cross-sectional analysis of the HFSA meeting abstracts that were published in special supplement issues in the Journal of Cardiac Failure of three years 2018-2020, all abstracts were screened from both title and abstract text to assess if the abstract main focus was to highlight HCD (age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic, geographic, circadian or linguistic). If an abstract highlighted more than one HCD then we counted each disparity separately without merging of data. Total number of abstracts analysed was 1282, among which 97 (7.6%) were addressing one or more disparities. The first author of the abstracts highlighting HCD were almost universally from US affiliation (Except five abstracts whose first authors were from non-US affiliation). The abstracts focusing on HCD were 4.8%, 7.4% and 9.8% in 2018, 2019 and 2020 HFSA meetings respectively. Among the abstracts focusing on HCD; sex/gender disparity was the most reported HCD (32.5%) followed by age and race/ethnicity disparities (25.2% and 24.4%) respectively, see Fig A. Race/Ethnicity was the most reported HCD in HFSA2018 (36.8%), age was most common HCD in HFSA2019 (36.4 %) while sex/gender was the most common HCD in HFSA2020 (40%), see Fig B. Despite the increase in total number of abstracts addressing HCD in 2019 and 2020, there is no significant difference between the types of HCD among the three analysed years (p=0.33). The scientific contributions to HFSA that focus on different HCD were doubled from 2018 to 2020 with sex/ gender disparity being the most common reported one, however, there is no significant difference among the three included meetings according to the type of healthcare disparity. As the population diversity increases, there is crucial need to address healthcare disparities to overcome them. When cardiovascular meetings tend to specify sessions and poster categories focusing on healthcare disparities, this can promote the awareness and propose solutions to this concerning healthcare issue particularly in cardiovascular care.

Thank You to Our Readers and Contributors

This issue marks the final issue in the first volume of the Canadian Journal of Health Technologies. CADTH would like to thank all of our contributors, readers, and subscribers for engaging with our work over the past 12 months. Accepted abstracts from the annual CADTH Symposium have been published for the first time in a special supplement to the journal, making the conference proceedings more available to the scientific community and other stakeholders. CADTH encourages readers to submit comments and ideas for future issues of the Canadian Journal of Health Technologies to help us advance our role as an effective communication channel for health technology assessment, implementation science, and knowledge mobilization in Canada.

Australian Dental Research Foundation Special Research Supplement 2021.

Australian Dental JournalVolume 66, Issue 4 p. S5-S15 AUSTRALIAN DENTAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION SPECIAL RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT 2021 Australian Dental Research Foundation Special Research Supplement 2021 First published: 08 December 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12885Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume66, Issue4December 2021Pages S5-S15 RelatedInformation

Editorial to the Supplementary Special Issue on COVID-19 Law: breadth, depth and future implications

Editorial introduction by the Chief Editor to this special supplement on COVID-19 law.

HIV Testing Strategies for Health Departments to End the Epidemic in the U.S.

An important goal of the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. initiative is the timely diagnosis of all people with HIV as early as possible after infection. To end the HIV epidemic, health departments were encouraged to propose new and innovative HIV testing strategies and improve the reach of existing programs. These activities were divided into 3 core strategies: expansion of routine screening in healthcare settings, locally tailored HIV testing initiatives in nonhealthcare settings, and specific efforts to increase the frequency of testing for individuals with increased potential for acquiring HIV. Because HIV testing is such a crucial part of the core activities of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV prevention programs, there are many examples of evidence-based programs and best practices for HIV testing in both clinical and nonclinical settings. This article reviews the evidence base for these strategies and some of the activities proposed under the Diagnose pillar to achieve the goal of diagnosing all HIV infections as early as possible. All other Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. activities start with an awareness of HIV status, which is actually the indicator for which most health departments are closest to the proposed targets. There are both proven and emerging approaches to increasing HIV screening and increasing the frequency of HIV screening available. The Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. initiative provides the motivation, the resources, and a coordinated plan to bring them to scale.

Editor's Note

The Women's Health Issues editorial team is extremely pleased to publish this special supplement on military women's health, which is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense TriService Nursing Research Program and the Military Women's Health Consortium at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. The authors of the manuscripts in this special issue conducted scoping reviews to provide overviews of existing literature on topics important to military women's health—ranging from sleep to sexual and reproductive health topics—and they synthesized their findings within the framework of the social ecological model for military women's health (SEM-MWH), as described by Lori L.

A Two-Dimensional Thermoelasticity Solution for Bimodular Material Beams under the Combination Action of Thermal and Mechanical Loads

A typical characteristic of bimodular material beams is that when bending, the neutral layer of the beam does not coincide with its geometric middle surface since the mechanical properties of materials in tension and compression are different. In the classical theory of elasticity, however, this characteristic has not been considered. In this study, a bimodular simply-supported beam under the combination action of thermal and mechanical loads is theoretically analyzed. First, a simplified mechanical model concerning the neutral layer is established. Based on this mechanical model, Duhamel’s theorem is used to transform the thermoelastical problem into a pure elasticity problem with imaginary body force and surface force. In solving the governing equation expressed in terms of displacement, a special solution of the displacement equation is found first, and then by utilizing the stress function method based on subarea in tension and compression, a supplement solution for the displacement governing equation without the thermal effect is derived. Lastly, the special solution and supplement solution are superimposed to satisfy boundary conditions, thus obtaining a two-dimensional thermoelasticity solution. In addition, the bimodular effect and temperature effect on the thermoelasticity solution are illustrated by computational examples.

The 9th Symposium on Global Cancer Research: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward in Global Cancer Control

Abstract The NCI Center for Global Health convened the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research as a virtual 2-day meeting alongside the Consortium of Universities for Global Health Annual Conference, March 10–11, 2021. The virtual format allowed for diverse and inclusive participation by over 400 attendees from 70 countries, 25+ speakers from 12 countries, and sharing of research conducted in 68 countries. The highly interactive 2-day program explored the science and complex considerations around resilience and equity in global cancer research and control. The Symposium convened individuals working in global oncology to discuss trends in global cancer research and control and map out collaborative efforts to move the field forward. The accepted scientific abstracts are published in this special supplement of AACR Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention.

The Ohio COVID-19 Survey: Preliminary Findings and Their Use During the Pandemic

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created exceptional health and economic uncertainty for Ohioans in 2020. In the spring of 2020, the state commissioned the Ohio COVID-19 Survey (OCS) to ask residential Ohio adults about how the pandemic was affecting them. The purpose of this research is to provide state leadership with real-time information about the effects of the pandemic and concurrent recession on Ohio households.Methods: The OCS is a special supplement to the Ohio Medicaid Assessment Survey (OMAS), a stratified random digit dial, cell phone and landline telephone survey. This study includes data collected weekly between April 20, 2020, and August 24, 2020. We conducted descriptive time-series analysis of the survey data and provided updates to the state's COVID-19 Response Team throughout the survey period.Results: Preliminary findings from the OCS reflect 3 themes among respondents: 1) elevated levels of concern over health and household economics; 2) disproportionate effects that exacerbate existing inequities; and 3) majority adjustment to "new normal" and acceptance of public health guidelines .Conclusion: Preliminary findings indicate that groups that were struggling before the pandemic have faced the biggest challenges with regard to health and household economics since it began. Data from the OCS enabled us to provide real-time analysis to state leadership regarding Ohioans' experience during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further analysis and integration of additional data will allow us to provide deeper insights as Ohio seeks to move into recovery.

Persistent follicular granulosa cell senescence and apoptosis induced by methotrexate leading to oocyte dysfunction and aberrant embryo development.

Evidence from clinical cases indicates an association between the low success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ovarian injury due to previous methotrexate (MTX) administration. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and propose reasonable clinical drug guidelines to improve the quality of oocytes and the development of embryos before pregnancy. In this study, we established a mouse model with previous MTX exposure to validate the effects of MTX on reproductive function in female mice. We observed that MTX administration could result in a decrease in the success rate of fertilization and an aberrant embryonic development in both natural fertilization and IVF, even after completion of five to six ovulation cycles after MTX withdrawal. Further research revealed senescence and apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells (GCs), accompanied by arrested follicle development and aberrant estradiol and anti‐Mullerian hormone levels. Supportive evidence indicated that MTX administration induced senescence and apoptosis of human GCs in vitro, and the effects were consistent with the high levels of p21, p53, and oxidative stress. We further demonstrated that folic acid (FA) could improve oocyte function and embryonic development in vivo and in vitro by protecting GCs against apoptosis and senescence. Based on these findings, we propose the implementation of extended intervals between MTX exposure and conception or IVF and recommend FA as a special dietary supplement during this interval period; however, prospective inquiry in humans is necessary to further understand the relationship between MTX and FA recovery.

Education: The role of the first siderophore cephalosporin Fetcroja® (cefiderocol) in UK clinical practice: introduction.

Welcome to this special JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance Supplement, which is sponsored by Shionogi BV. The march of increasing Gram-negative resistance is relentless, and in the last 10 years we have seen a development in the pipeline of antimicrobials targeting the most resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Within this Supplement, we will present the current landscape for Gram-negative treatments, the launch data for cefiderocol, UK potential positioning and examples of early use. The prescribing information for cefiderocol is available at: https://shionogi-eu-content.com/gb/fetcroja/pi.

Finger millet (Ragi) as an essential dietary supplement with key health benefits: A review

The world geography has so many millet crop producer and India serves as one of the key producers of the millets. Finger millets, a type of small-sized millets, requires larger area of cultivation for growing the crop. Finger millet is considered as a special food supplement because of its high nutritional contents in comparison to other important cereals, namely barley, rye etc. It mainly consists of minerals, dietary fiber and important amino acids. In different parts of our country, especially in South India, the rural population use finger millet (Eleusine coracana), popularly known as ragi, as their principal food. Ragi, among all cereals, contains greater calcium level along with antioxidants and phytochemicals. The finger millet grain possesses a high content of total dietary fiber among other cereal grains that is extremely beneficial in controlling blood glucose level in diabetic patients. Besides, it is also beneficial to patients suffering with cardiovascular disease, cancer and other cognitive diseases. Ragi can be processed through different processing methods to be used as a food supplement attractive in appearance, taste, flavor and consistency. However, despite of its beneficial effects, it is limited in use in the localities, where it is produced. There exists great opportunity for processing finger millet into several functional foods to be used by mass population of our country.

Changing the narrative for hearing health in the broader context of healthy living: a call to action

Objective To discuss the steps necessary to facilitate hearing health care in the context of well-being and healthy living Design Common themes among the articles in this special supplement of the International Journal of Audiology were used to identify issues that must be addressed if audiology is to move from being hearing-focussed to taking a holistic perspective of hearing care in the context of healthy aging. These are discussed within the context of other published literature. Results and conclusions Three needs were identified: (i) Increased interdisciplinary education to raise awareness of the interplay between hearing and health. (ii) Increased emphasis on counselling education in audiology programs so that audiologists are equipped with the knowledge, competence and confidence to provide counselling and emotional support to their patients, beyond care. (iii) Redefinition of therapeutic goal setting and hearing outcomes to include aspects of well-being, so that audiologists can capture and patients realise that that good hearing outcomes can have a direct positive impact on a person’s quality of life that extends beyond their improved ability to hear. It was emphasised that each of these needs to be considered within the context of the audiologists’ scope of practice and audiologists’ well-being.

Teleworking and Lost Work During the Pandemic: New Evidence from the CPS

This paper analyzes the responses to questions about teleworking and lost work in a special CPS supplement starting in May 2020. After using the new CPS data on telework due to the pandemic to refine the able to telework scheme initially proposed by Dingel and Neiman, we apply the revised classification to examine trends in telework and the extent to which working in an occupation suitable for telework shields workers from unemployment. Our results indicate that the pandemic resulted in a large increase in teleworking, with a third of US workers reporting teleworking due to the coronavirus in May-June before declining to a still substantial 22 percent in the fourth quarter. The pandemic also directly caused substantial rates of lost work, which varied widely both by an occupation’s suitability for teleworking and by demographic category. Workers with characteristics associated with high-telework occupations enjoyed a substantial advantage in weathering the pandemic.

45022 Exploring Career Development Needs of Junior Investigators in Clinical Translational Science

ABSTRACT IMPACT: By understanding Junior investigator characteristics and CTSA support services which strongly influence scientific productivity and impact, we will inform and improve research training and enhance the career development of future generations of clinical and translational science researchers. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In the field of clinical and translational science, the career trajectory and definition of Junior Investigators (JIs) vary greatly. This study aims to investigate JI characteristics, training, and support that contribute to career development at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Clinical and Translation Science Institute (CTSI). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Every 18 months, the UCLA CTSI administers the Longitudinal Scientific Achievement Survey, which collects information on the predictors of scientific productivity and impact. In 2018, a special supplement was added to survey JIs who received CTSA support between 2011 and 2017 (n=305), including questions on knowledge, use, and effectiveness of CTSA specific support, barriers and facilitators of research, scientific productivity, and perceived scientific impact. A literary analysis was conducted to explore previous categorizations of JIs. The JIs in our sample conducted bench to bedside, population and policy research at our four partner sites. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine the significant predictors of a new grant award attributed to the CTSA support/services. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The survey response rate was 82% (n=250). Respondents include core voucher co-investigators, enrollees in the Training Program in Translational Science, and K- and K-to-R workshop participants. Bivariate results showed new grant awardees significantly more likely to have the following characteristics: physician scientist with an MD and PhD (47%), pilot grant awardee (42%), core voucher awardee (49%), four or more types of CTSI support (48%), prior affiliation with an NIH institute/center other than NCATS (42%), and reported at least one impact in science, health, and/or the community (72%). Multivariate results showed that investigators with a prior core voucher award, a prior NIH affiliation, or reported one or more impacts were the strongest predictors of obtaining a new grant (each with OR>=4.0). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The most successful investigators consulted with NIH program officers and received feedback on their research plans and methods. Sufficient funding is crucially important to research progression. In our CTSA hub, vouchers and grants to initiate new studies or offset costs of existing research are consistent predictors of new extramural funding.

Call for papers: Special supplement – Tobacco cessation after a cancer diagnosis

Call for papers: Special supplement – Tobacco cessation after a cancer diagnosis

Four dozen key resources on apologetics and natural theology in an age of science

I was both delighted and daunted when Chief Editor Lars Dahle invited me to compile a bibliography for this special Supplement edition of Theofilos on ‘Science, Natural Theology, and Christian Apologetics’. Of course, these days a literal interpretation of ‘bibliography’ would preclude mentioning some of the many excellent resources available in the form of video and audio material via platforms such as the internet, and so I’ve chosen to provide the following list of key ‘resources’ under several sub-headings. Each resource is followed by a brief description. The title of this list was inspired by Alvin Plantinga’s famous paper on ‘Two dozen (or so) arguments for God’, with four dozen recommendations giving room for covering the wide variety of issues that fall within the remit of ‘apologetics and natural theology in an age of science’, without becoming too unwieldy.