Special State Research Articles

Legal Regulation of Employment Relations of the Disabled Workers in the BRICS Countries

According to the UN, more than one billion people in the world are people with disabilities, which is approximately 15 per cent of the total population. The number of the population with disabilities is also high in the BRICS countries. People with disabilities in the BRICS countries belong to the group of those who need special state care and the provision of additional guarantees and benefits, including labor relations. The concept of a person with a disability in the legislation of the BRICS countries has changed over time. As the practice of recent years shows, in our countries today one can observe uniformity on some issues of legal regulation of the work of disabled people. All countries in question have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and implemented it into national law. However, the problems of implementing the norms on the legal regulation of the labor of disabled people remain, and they require further solutions. Obviously, further integration and joint development of the BRICS countries will help in overcoming them.

Using Artificial Intelligence in Employment: Problems and Prospects of Legal Regulation

Objective: to identify the legal problems of using artificial intelligence in hiring employees and the main directions of solving them.Methods: formal-legal analysis, comparative-legal analysis, legal forecasting, legal modeling, synthesis, induction, deduction.Results: a number of legal problems arising from the use of artificial intelligence in hiring were identified, among which are: protection of the applicant’s personal data, obtained with the use of artificial intelligence; discrimination and unjustified refusal to hire due to the bias of artificial intelligence algorithms; legal responsibility for the decision made by a generative algorithm during hiring. The author believes that for the optimal solution of these problems, it is necessary to look at the best practices of foreign countries, first of all, those which have adopted special laws on the regulation of artificial intelligence for hiring and developed guidelines for employers using generative algorithms for similar purposes. Also, the European Union’s and USA’s legislative work in the area of managing risks arising from the use of artificial intelligence should be taken into account.Scientific novelty: the article contains a comprehensive study of legal problems arising from the use of artificial intelligence in hiring and foreign experience in solving these problems, which allowed the author to develop recommendations to improve Russian legislation in this area. As for the problem of applicants’ personal data protection when using artificial intelligence for hiring, the author proposes to solve it by supplementing the labor legislation with norms that enshrine the requirements for transparency and consistency in the collection, processing and storage of information when using generative algorithms. The list and scope of personal data allowed for collection should be reflected in a special state standard. The solution to the problem of discrimination due to biased algorithms is seen in the mandatory certification and annual monitoring of artificial intelligence software for hiring, as well as the prohibition of scoring tools for evaluating applicants. The author adheres to the position that artificial intelligence cannot “decide the fate” of a job seeker: the responsibility for the decisions made by the algorithm is solely on the employer, including in cases of involving third parties for the selection of employees.Practical significance: the obtained results can be used to accelerate the development and adoption of legal norms, rules, tools and standards in the field of using artificial intelligence for hiring. The lack of adequate legal regulation in this area creates significant risks both for human rights and for the development of industries that use generative algorithms to hire employees.

FBXO2 as a switch guides a special fate of tumor clones evolving into a highly malignant transcriptional subtype in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumors comprise a heterogeneous collection of tumor cells with distinct genetic and phenotypic characteristics that differentially promote malignant progression. Therefore, it is essential to depict the heterogeneous landscape of clones for understanding the cancer biology and overcoming the resistance of cancer therapy. To determine the dynamic clonal feature of OSCC, we constructed the evolutionary trajectory of tumor cells based on single-cell RNA sequencing data. A special transcriptional states of clones with distinct highly malignant features was identified, and FBXO2 was determined as the key switch gene causing the transition of tumor cells into this special state. FBXO2 exhibited a significantly high expression in OSCC than normal samples, especially in those with high clinical stages. The knockdown or overexpression of FBXO2 in OSCC cells correspondingly inhibited or promoted the abilities of proliferation, G1-S phase transition, migration, invasion, EMT, and resisting apoptosis. Moreover, FBXO2 was indicated to be involved in an intricate network to regulate multiple processes, modifying the interactions between tumor cells and other cells and thus defining different functional subtypes of tumor cells to affect tumor progression. These results provide new insights into clonal fate and pave the way for more effective therapy of OSCC.

Assessing the Fiscal Implications of Flood Disasters in India: Insights for General and Special Category States

Abstract This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the fiscal consequences arising from flood disasters in India, with a specific focus on the challenges encountered by General Category States (GCS) and Special Category States (SCS). Recognizing India's vulnerability to floods due to its diverse geographical and climatic landscape, the research emphasizes the need for a coordinated disaster response framework involving both central and state governments. Utilizing a panel vector autoregression (VAR) methodology alongside impulse response functions (IRFs), we reveal that flood disasters significantly impact fiscal variables over a medium-term horizon of 3–5 years. Our findings indicate that fiscal deficits widen for up to three years post-disaster, while expenditures on flood control surge in the following years. Notably, SCS face a disproportionate fiscal strain, exacerbated by their geographical disadvantages and heightened susceptibility to disasters, leading to a decline in non-tax revenue after flood shocks. The study advocates for tailored fiscal policies that enhance the resilience and recovery capacity of both GCS and SCS in addressing flood-induced fiscal challenges.

Guideline for medical nutritional treatment of adult patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction (2025 edition)

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common clinical disease. Due to abnormal gastrointestinal digestive and absorption functions, nutrients, water, and electrolytes cannot be absorbed properly, and therefore, scientific and reasonable nutritional intervention is needed. In order to further standardize medical nutrition treatment of patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, the Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN) organized experts and scholars in related fields in China to elaborate on the following topics based on current evidence-based medical evidence: the standard process of medical nutrition treatment for patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, the time and mode of enteral and parenteral nutrition application, and the nutritional intervention mode for patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction in special disease state. Finally, 29 questions and 58 recommendations were formed to provide reference for the standardized application of medical nutrition therapy for patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

State geometric adjustability for interval max‐plus linear systems

AbstractThis article investigates the state geometric adjustability for interval max‐plus linear systems, which means that the state vector sequence is transformed into a geometric vector sequence by using the state feedback control. It is pointed out that the geometric state vector sequence and its common ratio are closely related to the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the special interval state matrix, respectively. Such an interval state matrix is determined by the eigen‐robust interval matrix, which has a universal eigenvector relative to a universal eigenvalue. The state geometric adjustability is characterized by the solvability of interval max‐plus linear equations, and a necessary and sufficient condition for the adjustability is given. A polynomial algorithm is provided to find the state feedback matrix. Several numerical examples and simulations are presented to demonstrate the results. At the same time, the proposed method is applied for the regulation of battery energy storage systems to optimize the start time of executing tasks for all processing units in each activity.

«Սակրալը» Միրչա Էլիադեի կրոնի ֆենոմենոլոգիայում / "The Sacred" in Mircea Eliade's Phenomenology of Religion

This paper is dedicated to the interpretation of the key concept of "the sacred," which is frequently encountered in modern religious studies. The fundamental concept is most thoroughly presented in the works of Mircea Eliade, who is considered one of the most studied phenomenologists of religion today. Eliade describes the sacred as a deep layer of reality, which is expressed as an absolute distinction from the worldly (profane). The sacred manifests itself through religious symbols, rituals, and myths, which connect humans to the cosmos and the divine. Eliade emphasizes that the sacred represents metaphysical and spiritual worlds that transcend human logic and experience and can only be revealed in special states or through unique experiences. The work discusses the differences between the sacred and the profane, their interaction in religious experience, and Eliade's influence on the study of religion. The article proposes the hypothesis that the sacred, over time, has not distanced itself or become alienated from modern humans but, by penetrating various spheres of human activity, has sometimes become even closer to them. The scientific novelty of the work is related to a deep analysis of the relationship between the sacred and the profane, their manifestations in the modern world, and the nature of religious experience.

Enantiomer-Specific Pumping of Chiral Molecules.

Enantiomer-specific state transfer (ESST), which involves transferring enantiomers with different handedness of a chiral molecule into different-energy internal states, is a challenging yet significant task. Previous ESST methods are based on dynamic processes and thus require the preparation of initial states and precise control of microwave operation times. We propose a novel ESST approach, called enantiomer-specific pumping (ESP), which is based on a dissipative process and thereby eliminates the need for these two technical requirements. This approach utilizes a special microwave-induced dark state that appears exclusively for the enantiomer with a specific handedness. Specifically, in ESP, the enantiomer lacking the dark state can be pumped out of the subspace of relevant internal states, while the enantiomer with the dark state maintains a finite probability within this subspace, offering high efficiency in ESST. Notably, ESP facilitates enantiodetection without the need for enantiopure samples as reference.

Моделювання сценаріїв розвитку підприємств дорожньої галузі на основі аналізу їхнього потенціалу

Introduction. Modeling scenarios for the development of road industry enterprises in conditions of instability is an urgent problem, since the industry plays a key role in the development of infrastructure and the economy of Ukraine. Without proper modeling and planning, the development of the industry can become unmanageable, deepening the economic crisis. The study of this problem is of significant scientific and practical interest, as the results can be used for the recovery and further development of the industry in difficult conditions. Problems. The special state, which began in 2022, significantly affected the state of enterprises, which led to the destruction of infrastructure, a reduction in the number of enterprises and a decrease in their profitability. In this connection, there is a need to assess the potential of enterprises and develop scenarios for their further development. Development of scenarios will make it possible to prepare for possible options for the development of events and ensure the sustainability of enterprises in the future. Goal. Develop models that take into account various macroeconomic factors, such as inflation, unemployment and devaluation of the hryvnia. Simulate development scenarios of road industry enterprises based on the analysis of their potential in crisis and post-crisis situations.

Orbital selective commensurate modulations of the local density of states in ScV6Sn6 probed by nuclear spins

The kagome network is a unique platform that harbors a diversity of special electronic states due to its inherent band structure features comprising Dirac cones, van Hove singularities, and flat bands. Some kagome-based metals have recently been found to exhibit favorable properties, including superconductivity, charge order, and signatures of an anomalous Hall effect. The kagome system ScV6Sn6 is a promising candidate for studying the emergence of an unconventional charge order and accompanying effects. We use 51V nuclear magnetic resonance to explore the local properties of the charge ordered phase in single crystalline ScV6Sn6, aided by density functional theory. We show the local charge symmetry of V to reflect a commensurate modulation with q=13,13,13\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\bf{q}}}=\\left(\\frac{1}{3},\\frac{1}{3},\\frac{1}{3}\\right)$$\\end{document}, the density of states to drop by about a factor of 2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sqrt{2}$$\\end{document} during the phase transition, and an unusual orientation dependent change in the shift splitting symmetry to reveal orbital selective modulations of the local density of states.

Exotic compounds of monovalent calcium synthesized at high pressure

It is well known that atoms of the same element in different valence states show very different chemical behaviors. Calcium is a typical divalent metal, sharing or losing both of its valence electrons when forming compounds. Attempts have been made to synthesize compounds of monovalent calcium ions for decades, but with very little success (e.g., in clusters). Pressure can result in substantial changes in the properties of atoms and chemical bonding, creating an extensive variety of unique materials with special valence states. In this study, using the ab initio evolutionary algorithm USPEX, we search for stable calcium–chlorine (Ca–Cl) system compounds at pressures up to 100 GPa. Besides the expected compound CaCl2, we predict three new compounds with monovalent Ca to be stable at high pressures, namely, CaCl, Ca5Cl6, and Ca3Cl4. According to our calculations, CaCl is stable at pressures above 18 GPa and is predicted to undergo a transition from nonmagnetic Fm-3m-CaCl to ferromagnetic Pm-3m-CaCl at 40 GPa. Ca5Cl6 and Ca3Cl4 are stable at pressures above 37 and 73 GPa, with space groups P-1 and R-3, respectively. Following these predictions, we successfully synthesized Pm-3m-CaCl in laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments. The emergence of the unusual valence state at high pressures reveals exciting opportunities for creating entirely new materials in sufficiently large quantities for a variety of potential applications.

The Russian State Library as a National Bibliographic Agency

The history of the Russian Book Chamber — the world’s first specialized state institution established to carry out registration, current bibliographic accounting of domestic publications and their archival storage — is briefly described. Since 2013 it has been a branch of the Information Telegraph Agency of Russia (ITAR-TASS). In 2021—2022 the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation to transfer the functions of this branch to the Russian State Library (RSL) was implemented. The organizational aspects of this process are covered. As a result, RSL acquired new functions (accounting, notification, perpetual storage of the required copy) and a new status — the National Bibliographic Agency of the Russian Federation (NBA), which now need to be fixed in legal documents. The importance of coordination and methodological functions of the NBA for the full functioning of the entire system of national bibliography of the country is especially noted.

Learning and propagation: Evolutionary dynamics in spatial public goods games through combined Q-learning and Fermi rule

Propagation is crucial for acquiring information, and learning involves deep information processing. Imitation dynamics, commonly used in spatial public goods games, represents strategy propagation in society, while learning dynamics enables agents to self-learn through environmental interactions. In this paper, Q-learning and the Fermi update rule are used to compare differences between learning dynamics and imitation dynamics in simulation experiments. Our study finds that Q-learning is continuously updating the Q-table during its evolution, forming a heterogeneous gain matrix. However, Q-learning’s interaction with the environment is indirect, with almost no network reciprocity, and cannot form clusters in contrast to the Fermi update rule. The Fermi update rule focus only on immediate payoffs. Furthermore, we combine imitation dynamics and learning dynamics, integrating the advantages of both. Defectors and cooperators form a special semi-stable checkerboard-like state. The update rules, the number of states, and the configuration of conversion actions as strategies have led to this special structure. Moreover, we found that parameter choices in the new evolutionary dynamics affect the percentage of cooperation and evolutionary convergence. Overall, this paper offers new insights into learning dynamics and imitation dynamics and provides a foundation for integrating complex mechanisms of evolution.

Mechanochromic luminescent material with high quantum yield for multi-mode anti-counterfeiting applications

The multi-mode anti-counterfeiting materials, constructed by mechanochromic luminescent materials with high quantum yield, can effectively prevent illegal counterfeiting, but their design and construction still present significant challenges. Herein, a twisting D-A-D conjugated molecule, FBtF, is obtained with a special hybridized local and charge transfer excited state, and shows approximately 100 % photoluminescence quantum yield in the coating film. The self-assembled FBtF microplates exhibit bathochromic-shifted emission from green to orange, accompanied by the photoluminescence quantum yield increase from 47.8 % to 89.0 % upon grinding, which is the highest in reported MCL materials, to the best of our knowledge. In contrast, a D-π-D type molecule (FBenF) and a D-D’-D molecule (FAnF) maintain the blue-emission after grinding. Through mechanistic investigation, the force-induced molecular conformational planarization and the breakage of the intermolecular charge transfer collaboratively lead to the emission-color change and photoluminescence quantum yield increase. The FBtF microplates are designed as ink for anti-counterfeiting applications based on multi-mode output signals, including the UV light-excited image and the grinding-induced emission color change together with the photoluminescence quantum yield increase. The written tags exhibit high stability in various harsh environments, and demonstrate superior anti-counterfeiting performance in practical applications, such as medicine anti-counterfeiting.

ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРА В МЕХАНИЗМЕ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНОВ ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ

World practice shows that terrorism and extremism, attacks on government institutions and govern-ment officials, riots and pogroms, sabotage and sabotage can take place in both leading and devel-oping countries of the world. Special state and law enforcement agencies have to act under extreme-ly dangerous conditions and conditions. The article examines the place of social emergencies in the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the activities of internal affairs bodies. The conclusion is made that the considered emergencies act as a legal fact in the form of illegal acts with an increased degree of public danger, giving rise to specific administrative legal relations that develop in the sphere of implementation by internal affairs bodies of state authority, which are not typical for everyday law enforcement activities. The criteria that distinguish social emergencies from everyday criminal situations are analyzed, and the author's definition of a social emergency is also given.

Административно-правовой статус Агентства по страхованию вкладов

The article examines the Deposit Insurance Agency (hereinafter referred to as the Agency), determines its administrative and legal status. All the powers and functions of the Agency have been analyzed. The problem of the legal status of the Agency as a state corporation, including in the bankruptcy procedure, is investigated. The Agency is a special state corporation with responsibilities to carry out effective and responsible management of funds included in the deposit insurance fund. He also has the right to act as a bankruptcy trustee. The Agency is the main link in the banking system of the state, ensuring effective protection of depositors from loss of insured deposits, as well as stable operation of the banking system as a whole, increasing the level of confidence of the Russian population in the banking system, which coordinates the work of the deposit insurance system based on the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Special psychophysical condition as a circumstance that mitigates punishment in Art. 117 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

The article is devoted to elucidating the essence of a special psychophysical condition as a circumstance that mitigates the punishment in Art. 117 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine «Intentional murder by the mother of her newborn child.» It has been established that this type of murder is a privileged murder. It has been proven that it has an extremely powerful effect on the psycho-emotional state of a woman giving birth and the process of giving birth to a child, which is recognized as a stressful factor, as a result of which she may lose the ability to behave adequately. Emphasis is placed on the presence of certain features of the psychophysical state in a woman during the commission of a murder, which are caused by a combination of emotional tension caused by pregnancy and childbirth and the mental processes that accompanied them, which weaken the mother’s ability to be aware of her actions and control them. The factors that can cause disorders of the psycho-emotional state of a woman are singled out: the coincidence of difficult personal and family circumstances; divorce from the child’s father; unwanted pregnancy; difficult financial situation; negative microenvironment. It was established that there is no indication in the disposition of Art. 117 of the Criminal Code on the presence of a special psychophysiological condition of a woman as a mandatory feature of this criminal offense, which creates some problems in the qualification of criminal offenses. It has been proven that a mitigating circumstance in the case of a mother committing the murder of her newborn child during childbirth or immediately after it should be recognized precisely the psychopathic state that led to a mental disorder, which does not exclude the sanity of the person, but significantly weakens the possibility of realizing such actions and manage them. It was found that a woman in the process of childbirth cannot be considered as fully aware of her actions and in control of them. At the same time, it is not excluded that a woman at the time of childbirth or immediately after it may be in a state of morbid mental disorder, that is, be of limited sanity, in connection with which it is concluded that in such a case a special psychophysical state may coincide with limited sanity. It was concluded that the existence of a privileged type of murder provided for in Art. 117 of the Criminal Code, caused only by the possibility of the existence of a special psychophysiological state of a woman during childbirth or immediately after it. It is proposed to improve the current wording of Art. 117 of the Criminal Code by means of a legally defined indication of the need to establish the fact that a woman is in a special psychophysiological state.

Eco-physiological characteristics of Corylus colurna and Taxus baccata in Armenia under in situ and ex situ conditions

Thanks to the special state policy in Armenia, people's interest in nature has increased. People try to get acquainted with the world of plants not only in nature, but also in botanical gardens. It is very important to include rare and beautiful species of local flora in botanical gardens․ This process sometimes requires acclimatization of the targeted species, for example in case of Corylus colurna L. and Taxus baccata L. Our study highlights for the first time the results of an eco-physiological study (water content, intensity of transpiration and photosynthetic productivity) of two rare woody plant species C. colurna and T. baccata, growing in the wild in Armenia. We investigated the patterns of physiological behavior of the plants under different climatic conditions. Being highly valuable ornamental and rare species, ex situ conservation tools are applied to them in the appropriate structures of the country, among them the mesophyll forest, lower forest and semidesert zones. Obviously, we can conclude that for all indicators our most arid conditions are in the semidesert zone, at the same time often the conditions of the mesophyll forest zone are more favorable than those of the natural localities. The results of this research also show that acclimatization can help these species to be successfully preserved even in places where they grow very poorly under natural conditions or even disappear. According to the results of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that the two studied species at present can be grown in the semidesert zone as well.

Robust topological bound states in the continuum in a quantum Hall bar with an anti-dot

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are quantum states with normalizable wave functions and energies that lie within the continuous spectrum for which extended or dispersive states are also available. These special states, which have shown great applicability in photonic systems for devices such as lasers and sensors, are also predicted to exist in electronic low-dimensional solid-state systems. The non-trivial topology of materials is within the known mechanisms that prevent the bound states to couple with the extended states. In this work we search for topologically protected BICs in a quantum Hall bar with an anti-dot formed by a pore far from the borders of the bar. The bound state energies and wavefunctions are calculated by means of the Recursive S-Matrix method. The resulting bound state energies coexist with extended states and exhibit a pattern complimentary to the Hofstadter butterfly. A symmetry-breaking diagonal disorder was introduced, showing that the BICs with energies far from the Landau levels remain robust. Moreover, the energy difference between consecutive BICs multiplied by the anti-dot perimeter follows the same curve despite disorder. Finally, a BIC-mediated current switching effect was found in a multi-terminal setup for zero and finite temperature, which might permit their experimental detection.

Controlling many-body quantum chaos: Bose–Hubbard systems

This work develops a quantum control application of many-body quantum chaos for ultracold bosonic gases trapped in optical lattices. It is long known how to harness exponential sensitivity to changes in initial conditions for control purposes in classically chaotic systems. In the technique known as targeting, instead of a hindrance to control, the instability becomes a resource. Recently, this classical targeting has been generalized to quantum systems either by periodically countering the inevitable quantum state spreading or by introducing a control Hamiltonian, where both enable localized states to be guided along special chaotic trajectories toward any of a broad variety of desired target states. Only strictly unitary dynamics are involved; i.e. it gives a coherent quantum targeting. In this paper, the introduction of a control Hamiltonian is applied to Bose–Hubbard systems in chaotic dynamical regimes. Properly selected unstable mean field solutions can be followed particularly rapidly to states possessing precise phase relationships and occupancies. In essence, the method generates a quantum simulation technique that can access rather special states. The protocol reduces to a time-dependent control of the chemical potentials, opening up the possibility for application in optical lattice experiments. Explicit applications to custom state preparation and stabilization of quantum many-body scars are presented in one- and two-dimensional lattices (three-dimensional applications are similarly possible).