Special Relations Research Articles

Enhanced strength and weakened dynamic sensitivity of honeycombs by parallel design

This paper proposes a parallel design which can extremely enhance the in-plane property of honeycombs without adding extra mass. Theoretical analysis of regular hexagonal honeycomb with parallel gradient configuration (HPGC) demonstrates that it can achieve a maximum of more than 70% enhancement of static strength in the x direction compared with uniform honeycomb (UH) of the same relative density. Furthermore, static enhancement coefficient is irrelevant to the average relative density of HPGC, which means the degree of enhancement under certain density gradient is constant no matter what the relative density is employed. This is efficient for fast performance-oriented design. The mechanism of strength enhancement is discussed. Result shows that parallel design is applicable to many cellular solids who are eligible for the special relations (for example, the linear relation between graded variable t and relative density and the nonlinear relation between graded variable t and crushing strength). Dynamic analysis shows that the dynamic crushing strength is also enhanced by parallel design. In addition, parallel design is able to reduce the sensitivity of dynamic crushing strength to the impact velocity. Finite element analyses (FEA) are carried out to verify the theoretical results. This novel design provides huge potentials to cellular solids with high-level strength and lightweight applications.

Remake/remix: Shakespeare’s code in Brothers Presnyakov’s works

Art researchers of modern literature are connected with the classical heritage.The remake becomes one of the forms of the code conversion of classics, which gives context and allows the creation of “an expressive sociocultural portrait of our time”. The remix assumes a creation of the secondary work in a more modern option and often presents the “text pieces” rearranged in any order. In the modern literature process it is possible to note the paradoxical phenomenon when the same plot is portrayed by the same author twice. The Brothers Presnyakovs create works at an interval of five years with the identical name, “Playing the Victim”, but in different genres (the play and the novel). Texts are connected by special relations: they have a distinct subject similarity, an identical system of images and are united with their correlation to Shakespeare’s tragedy “Hamlet”. In this article, there is an attempt to understand why the authors readdress the mastered material and how the meanings of the universal language of classics based on absolute values are transformed.

The ontological security of special relationships: the case of Germany’s relations with Israel

AbstractThis article suggests studying special relationships in international politics from an ontological security perspective. It argues that conceptualising the partners to special relationships as ontological security seekers provides a promising theoretical angle to address gaps in our understanding of three important dimensions of such relations: their emergence and stability; the processes and practices of maintaining them; and the power relations within special relations. The article illustrates its theoretical argument in a case study on the German-Israeli relationship. The close partnership between the two countries that has developed since the Holocaust ranks as one of the most remarkable examples of special relationships in the international arena. We argue that foregrounding the ontological security that the special relationship provides, in particular for Germany, sheds important new light on how German-Israeli relations have developed. Specifically, we hold that Germany’s ontological security needs were already an important driver in establishing the relationship and have been a key stabiliser of it ever since; that the ontological security perspective can make sense of three interrelated practices of maintaining the ‘specialness’ of the relationship; and that the asymmetries between the ontological security needs of the two partners help account for Israel’s political leverage in the relationship.

On Commutativity and Near Commutativity of Translational and Rotational Averages: Analytical Proofs and Numerical Examinations

We show that, in general, the translational average over a spatial variable—discussed by Backus (J. Geophys. Res. 67(11):4427–4440, 1962), and referred to as the equivalent-medium average—and the rotational average over a symmetry group at a point—discussed by Gazis et al. (Acta Crystallogr. 16(9):917–922, 1963), and referred to as the effective-medium average—do not commute. However, they do commute in special cases of particular symmetry classes, which correspond to special relations among the elasticity parameters. We also show that this noncommutativity is a function of the strength of anisotropy. Surprisingly, a perturbation of the elasticity parameters about a point of weak anisotropy results in the commutator of the two types of averaging being of the order of the square of this perturbation. Thus, these averages nearly commute in the case of weak anisotropy, which is of interest in such disciplines as quantitative seismology, where the weak-anisotropy assumption results in empirically adequate models.

Some Results on Multigranulation Neutrosophic Rough Sets on a Single Domain

As a generalization of single value neutrosophic rough sets, the concept of multi-granulation neutrosophic rough sets was proposed by Bo et al., and some basic properties of the pessimistic (optimistic) multigranulation neutrosophic rough approximation operators were studied. However, they did not do a comprehensive study on the algebraic structure of the pessimistic (optimistic) multigranulation neutrosophic rough approximation operators. In the present paper, we will provide the lattice structure of the pessimistic multigranulation neutrosophic rough approximation operators. In particular, in the one-dimensional case, for special neutrosophic relations, the completely lattice isomorphic relationship between upper neutrosophic rough approximation operators and lower neutrosophic rough approximation operators is proved.

Difference equations related to Jacobi-type pencils

ABSTRACTIn this paper we study various difference equations related to Jacobi-type pencils. By a Jacobi-type pencil one means the following pencil: , where is a Jacobi matrix and is a semi-infinite real symmetric five-diagonal matrix with positive numbers on the second subdiagonal. The basic set of solutions for the corresponding 4th order difference equation is constructed. Spectral properties of the truncated pencil and some special matrix orthogonality relations are investigated. Classical type orthogonal polynomials satisfying a 4th order differential equation are constructed.

Peace Settlement of the Korean Peninsula and 4.27 Panmunjeom Declaration

남북관계는 국가 대 국가가 아닌 특수관계로 설정하고 있지만, 국가 간의 관계를 전제로 한 국제관계이론의 영역에서 다루어야 한다. 국제 관계에서 신뢰는 안정적인 평화와 협력으로 특징지워지는 것으로 갈등을 풀거나 관계전환의 노력에서 필수적이다. 켈먼(Kelman)은 신뢰는 모든 관계에서 평화와 효과적인 관리를 위한 중심적인 요구라 하면서, 국가 간에 어느 정도의 신뢰 없이 평화과정으로 진입할 수 없고 평화과정으로 진입 없이 신뢰를 구축할 수 없다고 하였다. 남북관계에서 가장 중요하게 생각하는 것은 한반도 평화정착이다. 평화가 유지되기 위해서 선행되어야 할 것이 협력이고, 여기에 필수적인 것이 신뢰이다. 적대관계 속에서는 국가이익을 창출할 수 없으므로, 협력을 통해 위협으로부터 조금 더 자유로운 안보환경을 만드는 것이다. 문재인 대통령이 독일의 베를린에서 내놓은 ‘신 베를린 선언’은 ‘평화와 번영의 한반도’ 정책에 기인한 것이었다. 북한의 김정은 위원장은 ‘전쟁억지력’ 이라는 명분으로 핵무력 강화에 모든 역량을 집중하였다. 그러나 북한의 평창동계올림픽 참가를 계기로 남북간에 특사가 교환되고, 남북정상회담 개최에 합의하였다. 2018년 4월 27일 남북정상회담이 ‘평화의 집’에서 열려, <한반도의 평화와 번영, 통일을 위한 판문점 선언문>을 도출해 냈다. 구체적인 내용은 ① 남북관계의 전면적이고 획기적인 개선, ② 군사적 긴장상태 완화와 전쟁위협 해소, ③ 항구적인 평화체제 구축이다. 이를 위해 종전선언과 평화협정을 추진하자는 것이다. 남북 정상회담은 북미정상회담의 추동력이 되었고 그 핵심은 신뢰구축이었다. 한반도 평화정착은 우리에게 중요한 가치라는 것은 누구도 부인 할 수 없는 사실이다. 북한의 완전한 비핵화를 위한 국제적인 공조가 필요하고, 남북간에는 협력과 신뢰구축으로 평화를 정착시켜야 할 것이다.Although inter-Korean relations are set up as special relations that are not state-to-state, they should be dealt with in the field of international relations theory, which presupposes relations between states. In international relations, trust is characterized by stable peace and cooperation, which is essential in resolving conflicts and in the efforts to transform relations. Herbert C. Kelman believes that trust is a central demand for the peaceful and effective management in all relationships, and that it can not enter the peace process without some trust between nations and can not build trust without entering the peace process. What is most important in inter-Korean relations is peace settlement on the Korean peninsula. Cooperation is prerequisite for peace, which inevitably requires trust. Because it can not create national interests in hostile relations, it will create a more free security environment from threats by cooperation. The New Berlin Declaration presented by President Mun Jae-in of Germany in Berlin was due to the policy of peace and prosperity of the Korean peninsula . North Korean leader Kim Jong-un concentrated all his efforts on strengthening the nuclear armed forces as a deterrent force . However, with the participation of North Korea in the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games, special envoys were exchanged between the two Koreas and agreed to host the summit. On April 27, 2018, the South-North summit was held at the ‘Peace House’, which led to <the Panmunjeom Declaration for Peace, Prosperity and Unification of the Korean Peninsula>. Specific details include ① comprehensive and groundbreaking advancement in inter-Korean relations, ② relaxation of military tensions and threats to war ③ establishing a robust peace regime. To do this, we will push forward the declaration of war and the peace treaty. The inter-Korean summit was the driving force of the North American summit, and its core was trust building. No one can deny that peace on the Korean peninsula is an important value to us. International cooperation for the complete denuclearization of North Korea is needed, and peace should be settled by cooperation and building trust between inter-Korean.

Uncertainty measures for general fuzzy relations

Relation is one of the important concepts in rough set models. Some uncertainty measures for relations were proposed in recent years by generalizing information entropy. However, the existing theories considered only special relations and do not address mixed-type data well. They always transformed each attribute into a binary relation with the same structure regardless of attribute types. As a result, the structure information can be lost for other types of attributes. In this paper, a new theory about uncertainty measures for general fuzzy relations is proposed. The proposed theory can overcome the weakness of the existing theories. We first introduce a novel entropy to compute the uncertainty information of fuzzy binary relations and then present the concepts of joint fuzzy entropy, conditional fuzzy entropy and fuzzy mutual information. The basic properties of these uncertainty measures are studied. Finally, we apply the proposed theory to perform attribute reduction of heterogeneous data sets. The experimental results show that our proposed method is feasible and effective in some cases. The proposed theory can provide a fundamental framework that integrates all kinds of methods for the uncertainty information of special relations.

A study on Strategies for change of Target Market and Business Model of Jewelery Business - Focusing on the expansion of ultra Affluent and the suitability of Family Business -

오늘날 국내 주얼리 산업은 빠르게 변화하는 소비자들의 소비욕구를 미처 따라가지 못하는 상황을 야기 시키고 이로 인한 시장의 불황을 초래하고 있다. 또한 기업의 대형화와 대량화에 집중한 주얼리 산업은 한계에 이른 것으로 보이며, 점차 소수화 해가는 초부유층 중심 시장에 대비해야 한다. 주얼리 산업의 경쟁력은 제품의 가격보다 디자인, 브랜드에 있으며, 이는 곧 주얼리의 본질을 의미한다. 중세 유럽부터 시작하여, 왕가와 귀족을 위하여 존속하면서, 대를 이어 고급의 품질을 유지하고 개발하고, 그 스토리를 함께 쓰고 있는 세계적 명품 부티크들처럼, 사람에 대한 신뢰, 정직성, 가문에 대한 믿음으로 이어졌던 특정한 산업관계로의 회기(回期) 가능성을 되짚어 보아야 할 때이다.Today, the domestic jewelery industry is in a state of failing to catch up sith the desire of consumers to change rapidly, causing the recession of market. Also, focusing on large-scale and mass-market enterprises, the jewelery industry seems to reach the limit. So it needs to prepare for the ultra Affluent class market, which is gradually becoming smaller. Competitiveness in the Jewelery industry is more in the design, brand than in the price of the product, which means the essence of Jewelery. Jewelery industry started in medieval Europe for the royal family and nobility. It has continued to develop and maintain quality in the next generation like the world-class luxury boutiques that share the story, trust in people, integrity, leading to faith in family. It is time to reconsider the possibility of recall with special industrial relations.

Noise estimation for hyperspectral subspace identification on FPGAs

We present a reliable and efficient FPGA implementation of a procedure for the computation of the noise estimation matrix, a key stage for subspace identification of hyperspectral images. Our hardware realization is based on numerically stable orthogonal transformations, avoids the numerical difficulties of the normal equations method for the solution of linear least squares problems (LLS), and exploits the special relations between coupled LLS problems arising in the hyperspectral image. Our modular implementation decomposes the QR factorization that comprises a significant part of the cost into a sequence of suboperations, which can be efficiently computed on an FPGA.

The PI3K and AIB1 interaction is involved in estrogen treated breast cancer cells

AIB1 was involved in the development and progression of breast cancer. Although it was found that AIB1 could be phosphorylated by some kinases including PI3K, the function of AIB1 and AKT interaction in breast cancer is not well defined. MCF-7 cells were transfected with pERE-Luc AKT and/or AIB1 plasmids, and then ERE luciferase activity in presence or absence of estrogen (E2) were measured. Plasmids containing PTEN and an PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were transfected into or treated cells to identify the interaction of PI3K/AKT and activation of AIB1, and examine their roles in cell cycle regulation. The AKT phosphorylation activity was evaluated by kinase assay using H2B as a substrate. The association between A1B1 and pS2 promoter was detected by the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. AIB1 and AKT in the same complex were detected by Pull-down assay. IGF-1 can increase AIB1 recruitment to PS2 and enhance the ER-dependent transcription activity through the PI3K/AKT pathway. AIB1 associate with AKT to regulate cell cycle. The special relations concerning the AIB1 and AKT may arouse some new viewpoints for potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.

The Algebraic View of Computation: Implementation, Interpretation and Time

Computational implementations are special relations between what is computed and what computes it. Though the word “isomorphism” appears in philosophical discussions about the nature of implementations, it is used only metaphorically. Here we discuss computation in the precise language of abstract algebra. The capability of emulating computers is the defining property of computers. Such a chain of emulation is ultimately grounded in an algebraic object, a full transformation semigroup. Mathematically, emulation is defined by structure preserving maps (morphisms) between semigroups. These are systematic, very special relationships, crucial for defining implementation. In contrast, interpretations are general functions with no morphic properties. They can be used to derive semantic content from computations. Hierarchical structure imposed on a computational structure plays a similar semantic role. Beyond bringing precision into the investigation, the algebraic approach also sheds light on the interplay between time and computation.

Translating the Idea of Hua

Abstract While the concept of hua has always been integrated with China and Chinese, huaren and huaqiao and the like have different identities, involving profound historical, social, and cultural significance as well as the core values and attributes of Chineseness. Based on a semiotic approach, this paper explores the special relations between hua as a semiotic symbol and the connotations implied in relation to translation studies through typical case analyses and personal experience shared. Certain meaningful implications may be revealed from three aspects, namely the connotations of hua in the light of a semiotic approach, Chinese identities and Chineseness, and the “signifier,” the “signified,” and their agreement.

Kinematic Optimal Design of a 2-DoF Parallel Positioning Mechanism Employing Geometric Algebra

This paper proposes a geometric algebra (GA) based approach to carry out inverse kinematics and design parameters of a 2-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism with its topology structure 3-RSR&SS for the first time. Here, R and S denote respectively revolute and spherical joints. The inverse solutions are obtained easily by utilizing special geometric relations of 3-RSR&SS parallel positioning mechanism, which are proven by calculating relations among point, line and plane in virtue of operation rules. Three global indices of kinematic optimization are defined to evaluate kinematic performance of 3-RSR&SS parallel positioning mechanism in the light of shuffle and outer products. Finally, the kinematic optimal design of 3-RSR&SS parallel positioning mechanism is carried out by means of NSGA-II and then a set of optimal dimensional parameters is proposed. Comparing with traditional kinematic analysis and optimal design method, the approach employing GA has following merits, (1) kinematic analysis and optimal design would be carried out in concise and visual way by taking full advantage of the geometric conditions of the mechanism. (2) this approach is beneficial to kinematic analysis and optimal design of parallel mechanisms in automatic and visual manner using computer programming languages. This paper may lay a solid theoretical and technical foundation for prototype design and manufacture of 3-RSR&SS parallel positioning mechanism.

A SZÜLETŐ GONDOLAT ARANY JÁNOS KÖLTÉSZETÉBEN

Arany János Zrínyi és Tasso című tanulmányában tagadja azt a – szerinte – romantikus képzetet, hogy a költő a semmiből tudna történetet teremteni. A történetsémák és a narratív formák hagyományozódásáról szóló érvelése meggyőzően mutat rá arra, hogy az elbeszélés világát nem lehet a „semmiből” előteremteni. A versköltészet sajátosságait elemezve azonban komolyan fontolóra veszi a semmiből feltűnő gondolatkeletkezés lehetőségét. Arany költői gyakorlatában gyakran él azzal az eljárással, hogy üres jelölőket, deixiseket helyez műalkotásainak kulcspontjaira, rámutatva ezzel az adekvát szó és értelem hiányára. Tanulmányom azt vizsgálja, hogy az eszmeileg és szemantikailag kiüresített szó hogyan tesz szert értelemre, s hogy az ezúton előállított specifikusan költői nyelvi eljárás hogyan provokálja az új gondolat születését.

The economic aspect of special parallel relations between the Republic Serbia and the Republic of Srpska in accordance with the Dayton peace agreement

The General Framework Agreement for Peace (Dayton Peace Agreement) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) gave the right to entities that make B&H to establish special parallel relations with adjoining countries. That possibility was so far used by the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska, as an entity within B&H. In this paper, we examine economic aspect of special parallel relations between Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. Demand structure in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska is similar, due to which we have put our analysis in the context of Linder hypothesis. Empirical analysis has confirmed that the two economies have a high level of similarity of export and that they are severe competition in the third markets. Both economies have a high level of economy diversification and a low level of export diversification. According to the logic of Linder hypothesis, economies of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska can use a relatively big potential possibilities of economic cooperation by the increase of specialization in production, i.e. by reducing economy diversification and increasing export diversification. It can be achieved by innovations in development of economies and their differentiation.

Вiд «особливих владних правовiдносин» до всеохоплюючого правового захисту службовцiв в адмiнiстративних судах на пiдставi норм основного закону: конституцiйно-правовi засади Нiмецького права публiчної служби

The author of the article considers the concept and basis of the legal status of professional magistracy in the Federal Republic of Germany. It has been noted that for the interpretation of the meaning of this notion it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that officials are persons hired by the state, who are under “special public and legal official relations and relations of loyalty to the state”. The institution of professional magistracy should “in the interests of the public ensure that officials perform their tasks assigned to them by the Basic Law on the basis of legal and material independence, and regardless of political games of the authorities must ensure the administration activities”. It has been emphasized that the formation of magistracy has a long tradition within the German constitutional and administrative law. The author has provided examples from the decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court regarding the peculiarities of the institution of professional magistracy. Special attention has been paid to the fact that the fundamental rights and guarantees of legal protection do not completely operate indefinitely (including from the point of view of historical development) in the law on public service – the law on civil servants. In this regard, the author has studied the issue whether an official is in the state of “special legal relations of power” at a somewhat lower level of protection comparing to an “average” citizen. It has been noted that this issue has been already clearly answered within the framework of the classical doctrine on the state and governance, through the development of the formula of “special legal relations of power”, where certain principles of the rule of law concerning officials were to be limited. It has been emphasized that the mentioned formula remained practically indisputable until the 1970s, when the Federal Constitutional Court ruled in its decision on the execution of criminal penalties. The author has paid attention to the undeniable importance of such a step for legal protection in the field of public service law in terms of administrative justice as well. The author has carried out a detailed analysis of the provisions of the Constitution relating to magistracy, namely the Art. 33 of the Basic Law, which is the basic norm for public service at the level of the German Federation and at the level of lands in the Federal Republic of Germany. The author has concluded that an official, despite his special status and his “involvement” in securing public order, remains the holder of fundamental rights almost without exceptions and, as a result, may fully appeal the actions and instructions of his employer on the basis of the rights guaranteed by the Art. 33 of the Basic Law, by filing a lawsuit to administrative courts. &nbsp

ЗАРУБІЖНА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ БРИТАНСЬКОГО ЗОВНІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ПЕРІОДУ 1990-2010 РР.

The paper deals with the analysis of the foreign historiography of the British foreign policy during 1990-2010. The author analyses the main aspects of British European politics that attracted attention of foreign researchers, as well as the British-American special relations and British position towards the regional conflict management. The political events from the U.K. accession to the European Economic Community (1973) to the retirement of the Gordon Brown’s cabinet (2010) have been revised for better understanding of general political trends. The study investigates the works analysing of the Britain’s European policy, its specific features and the correlation between Atlanticism and Europeanism in the British foreign policy. It as well formulates a number of analytical conclusions related to the formation of the U.K.’s position towards the regional conflicts from the Bosnian War (1992-1995) to the Russian-Georgian conflict (2008). The events associated with the referendum on Brexit (2016) highlight the importance of a study of the British foreign policy process. In this regard, it seems expedient to study such aspects as the foreign policy decision-making mechanisms, the definition of their motivations and the influence of democratic institutions such as political parties and nongovernmental organizations thereupon. The study of this issue will contribute to the formation of a scientific concept for the development of Ukrainian democratic institutions.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF LIFELONG LEARNING: The SCS in Greece and their exploitation.

The economic efficiency of lifelong learning is studied in the present paper in order to estimate then if the concerned educational structures are "efficient" or not. It is discussed the concept of investment in education, while this investment and its efficiency is tested. Special education relations and economic efficiency for the student will be taken into account in establishing the framework of empirical research. Specifically, the effect of the investment in education, initially through the theory of human capital is investigated. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the personal, educational and professional development of the individual leads to more effective achievement of objectives, better organization and management of working groups, personal schedules and increased efficiency and competitiveness. Furthermore, for the calculation of the investment in education is needed to study the efficiency of investment in education. Moreover, a key-tool for the study and analysis of cost efficiency is the method of cost - benefit that presupposes the estimated benefits and costs of investing in education. Finally, it is emphasized that the calculation of the efficiency of the training takes place in a marginal basis with the help of methods of consideration: the full method, the short method and the income function.

Bi-orthogonality relations for fluid-filled elastic cylindrical shells: Theory, generalisations and application to construct tailored Green's matrices

The paper addresses the classical problem of time-harmonic forced vibrations of a fluid-filled cylindrical shell considered as a multi-modal waveguide carrying infinitely many waves. The forced vibration problem is solved using tailored Green's matrices formulated in terms of eigenfunction expansions. The formulation of Green's matrix is based on special (bi-)orthogonality relations between the eigenfunctions, which are derived here for the fluid-filled shell. Further, the relations are generalised to any multi-modal symmetric waveguide. Using the orthogonality relations the transcendental equation system is converted into algebraic modal equations that can be solved analytically. Upon formulation of Green's matrices the solution space is studied in terms of completeness and convergence (uniformity and rate). Special features and findings exposed only through this modal decomposition method are elaborated and the physical interpretation of the bi-orthogonality relation is discussed in relation to the total energy flow which leads to derivation of simplified equations for the energy flow components.