Special Measures Research Articles

Enhancing Groundwater Recharge and Yield by Adoption of Continuous Contour Trenches in Micro Catchments

In dryland agricultural sloping fields, whenever the rainfall event occurs, runoff begins and flows down from the slopes causing erosion. In such conditions, defined special measures can be adopted, which reduce runoff enabling the water to infiltrate down to the ground. Contour trenches are made mainly with this objective. The implementation of continuous contour trenches was done under various schemes viz. EGS, SGRY, RLEGP, DLFM, etc. in Maharashtra. To have definite quantification of conservation, recharge, soil moisture variations owing to acceptance of CCTs the research work was done on small catchment basis so that the appraisal and checking of CCTs is possible. It will be useful for researchers, field officers, farmers and NGOs. The study was conducted at the research field of the AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The catchment of 1.0 ha area was divided into two parts. One part is having CCTs and other kept as a control. The observations of LAI, soil moisture and groundwater level were collected. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) and interception component of seasonal crop and perennial plantations (Custard apple and Hanuman Phal) in a small catchment for the years 2022-23 and 2023-24 was observed to be highest at the flowering (3.67) and (3.61) stages, respectively. For perennial plantations, the LAI was observed highest at the developed fruit stages of the Custard apple and Hanuman phal. During both these years, canopy interception was also observed more in CCT adopted field compared to control field for seasonal and perennial plantations. The soil moisture was observed more in the catchment of CCT over control catchment. It was observed that by adoption of CCTs the groundwater recharge was increased by 20.51% over control (without CCT field). The acceptance of CCT resulted in yield increase of seasonal crop by 35.30% and yielding of fruits was more in CCT field by 49.10% over control.

Sex-disaggregated analysis of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients with cancer.

Men are generally more susceptible to bacterial infections than women. Central venous catheters (CVCs), often used to administer systemic treatment in patients with cancer, are an important source of infection. However, little is known about sex-specific differences of CVC-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in patients with cancer. This study aimed to compare CRBSIs in men vs. women in a large cohort of patients with cancer. Data were derived from the SECRECY registry including non-selected patients with centrally inserted non-tunneled internal jugular or subclavian vein CVCs in 10 hematology and oncology sites in Germany. Only CRBSIs classified as definite CRBSI (dCRBSI) or probable CRBSI were included, and the combination of both was summarized as dpCRBSI. CVCs were matched 1:1 for underlying disease, anatomic site of CVC insertion, type of CVC dressing, antimicrobial coated CVC, complicated CVC insertion and CVC in situ time by propensity score matching (PSM). Endpoints were CRBSI rates and incidences in CVCs inserted in men vs. women. A total of 5075 CVCs registered from March 2013 to March 2024 were included in the analysis, of which 3024 comprises the PSM cohort. 1512 (50.0%) CVCs were inserted in men. Underlying diseases mainly were hematological malignancies (96.4%). While there was no statistically significant difference between men and women in the dCRBSI rate (5.4% vs. 4.1%; p=0.12) and the dCRBSI incidence (3.8 vs. 2.9/1000 CVC days; p=0.11), the rate of dpCRBSI (9.9% vs. 6.7%; p=0.002) and the dpCRBSI incidence (7.0 vs. 4.7/1000 CVC days; p=0.002) were significantly higher in men vs. women. The proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci as causative agent of both dCRBSI and dpCRBSI was higher in men than in women (58.8% vs. 41.2%; p=0.07, and 61.5% vs. 38.5%; p=0.002, respectively). A multivariable regression revealed neutropenia as an independent risk factor for dCRBSI and male sex as risk factor for dCRBSI and dpCRBSI. In patients with hematological malignancies, men have a higher risk of CRBSI than women. This finding may be attributed to the high number of jugular vein inserted CVCs which in men may be associated with higher rates of skin colonization than in women. Special preventive measures such as earlier removal of CVCs in men may be studied in future.

Assessing the Influence of Illumination on Ion Conductivity in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Whether illumination influences the ion conductivity in lead-halide perovskite solar cells containing iodide halides has been an ongoing debate. Experiments to elucidate the presence of a photoconductive effect require special devices or measurement techniques and neglect possible influences of the enhanced electronic charge concentrations. Here, we assess the electronic-ionic charge transport using drift-diffusion simulations and show that the well-known increase in capacitance at low frequencies under illumination is caused by electronic currents that are amplified due to the screening of the alternating electric field by the ions. We propose a novel characterization technique to detect a potential photoinduced increase in ionic conductivity based on capacitance measurements on fully integrated devices. The method is applied to a range of perovskite solar cells with different active layer materials. Remarkably, all measured samples show a clear signature of photoenhanced ion conductivity, posing fundamental questions on the underlying nature of the photosensitive mechanism.

사교육비 불평등도에 대한 연구: 사교육비 지니 계수, 후버 지수, 팔마 비율을 중심으로

Objectives This study aims to find a way to measure the degree of inequality in private education expenditures in Korea and to analyze trends in inequality. Methods We analyzed the private education expenditures survey conducted by the Ministry of Education to find an index that indicates the inequality of private education expenditures, and obtained each index by year to under-stand the trend. Results The average private education expenditures per person is increasing, and the analysis of private education expenditures inequality using the Gini coefficient, the Hoover index, and the Palma ratio shows that inequality is increasing, especially in elementary schools. In 2020, during the COVID-19 situation, the private education Gini coefficient increased rapidly as the private education participation rate decreased in elementary and middle schools, but this phenomenon was not found in high schools. Conclusions The Gini coefficient, Hoover index, and Palma ratio, which indicate the degree of inequality in private education, can be obtained for the entire population and participants, but considering that the case where private education expenditures are 0 has a significant impact, it may be more appropriate to limit it to participants. The Gini coefficient, which indicates income inequality, is on the decline, but the Gini coefficient for private education expenditures for participants is increasing, and since private education is linked to the problems of low birth rate and local extinction that our society faces, special measures are needed to reduce private education.

Typhlomystaxuansis (Rodentia, Platacanthomyidae): new species of the genus from northern Vietnam with notes on conservation status and distribution.

The paper presents novel findings of little-known species of rodents, the blind tree mice Typhlomys in Son La Province, Vietnam, with the first morphological and genetic characterisation and taxonomical description of the new species, T.taxuansis. The study also summarises all the data available on this genus species distribution, museum collections and notes on its taxonomy, which are important to establish the proper conservation status of the species. An exhaustive map of the findings is provided, along with a refined taxonomic key for all six currently morphologically characterised species of the genus. It is shown that, based on the data available to date, the genus is still far from complete. Most species, apparently, do not need a special conservation measure; their status may be established as Least Concerns and Near Threatened (B1a+2a) and the current population trend is stable (IUCN). The paper introduced innovative findings regarding lesser-known rodents, the blind tree mice Typhlomys in Son La Province, Vietnam, along with the primary morphological and genetic identification and taxonomic explanation of the novel species T.taxuansis.

Azərbaycan Respublikasinda 2012-2023-cü illərdə törədilmiş dövlət hakimiyyəti əleyhinə olan cinayətlərin kriminoloji tədqiqinin aktual problemləri

In the article, the dinamics of the indicators related to the crimes against the state power in the structure of crimes commited during the period 2012-2023, which increased even more than in the previous 10 years, are interpreted. At the same time, the general and specific factors which have impact on the situation and level of the crimes of resisting or using force against the representative of the government are analyzed. The author notes that from the criminological point of view, negative, antisocial tendencies do not appear by themselves and they have social roots in origin, they are formed in the process of communication of the individual with the surrounding macro and micro environment. The article suggests the need to take the following measures as special measures to warn of the crimes of resisting or using force against the representative of the authorities - constantly raising the level of professionalism of the representatives of the authorities, strengthening their habits of acting decisively within the law in extreme situations, strengthening and expanding relations with the mass media, using their opportunities to increase the reputation of the authorities in the eyes of the population, improving the criminal legislation. Keywords: authority, representative of authority, crime, criminology, resistance, use of force, criminal, legislation, normative act, national legislation.

A Risk Tool for Evaluating Overuse Injury and Return-to-Play Time Periods in Youth and Collegiate Athletes: Preliminary Study.

Overuse injuries in youth athletes are associated with risks, including sports specialization, biological maturation, female sex, and workload measures. As no assessment tool exists to evaluate risk accumulation, we developed a novel risk factor scoring system (Sport Training Assessment of Risk [STAR]) to assess participants' risk of overuse injury and explore association with return-to-play (RTP) time periods. (1) STAR will reach an acceptable predictive threshold in the assessment of overuse injury in youth athletes. (2) Higher STAR scores will be associated with increased RTP time periods after injury. Longitudinal cohort study. Level 3. Youth athletes with an injury sustained during competitive sport completed questionnaires. Association of questionnaire variables with injury risk type was evaluated via logistic regression analyses, and unweighted and weighted versions of a total risk score were developed. RTP was defined by physician clearance per electronic medical record review. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests and Kendall's rank correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between weighted total risk score and RTP time periods. The weighted STAR model was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The weighted STAR model trended toward an acceptable level of prediction for overuse (nonserious + serious) injury (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.61-0.71), but was less predictive for serious overuse injury (AUC, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.55-0.71). Weighted total risk score was weakly associated with return to full play (ρ = 0.11; P < 0.01), and potentially with return to modified play (ρ = -0.08; P = 0.04). STAR may be a feasible tool for assessing overuse injury risk and RTP time periods in youth athletes but requires further development, as it did not reach an acceptable predictive threshold in this preliminary study. Clinicians can use STAR to assess overuse injury risk in youth athletes.

Subsidence and measures in the polders of the Netherlan ds

AbstractThe Netherlands consists for 65% of polders. Impoldering activities started in the beginning of the 11th century with impoldering of coastal lowlands. In the 13th century, a start was made with reclaiming of lands gained on the sea and since early 16th century with draining of lakes. Up to several metres in depth, soils consist primarily of peat and or clay. Underneath is a thick sandy layer, with lenses of clay. Especially in peat polders, subsidence and oxidation have been significant, up to 5 m, and is still going on. In clay polders, most of the subsidence took place in the first decennia after reclamation. Maximum subsidence in these polders has been 1.25 m. Over centuries, various measures have been taken to cope with the subsidence problems. These measures consist first of all in water management measures related to management not only of the subsidence process, but also of special measures with respect to buildings, structures and infrastructure. The paper presents a review of the subsidence process in the different types of polders, as well as of measures that over the centuries have been taken to cope with the developments in the polders and to cope with subsidence problems.

Dengue fefer and mixed abortion among pregnant women: findgs of a comparative cross-sectional study

Background: Dengue situation in Bangladesh has escalated over the last few years causing significant mortality and morbidity. Pregnant women are highly vulnerable to dengue infection leading to various grave complications for both mother and foetus including missed abortion. Despite the severity of this condition, few studies have explored the association of dengue fever with missed abortion in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the association between missed abortion and dengue fever. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study enrolled 35 pregnant women having the history of missed abortion during the gestational age of less than 22 weeks and 35 pregnant women continuing their pregnancy with gestational age of more than 22 weeks receiving ante natal care. Both groups were selected conveniently. The study was conducted in a private facility from February to October, 2023. Data were collected from medical record review and analyzed with appropriate descriptive and analytical statistics. Cases of missed abortion attributed to dengue infection were compared with pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care if their pregnancies continued beyond 22 weeks’ gestation. Other predictive factors for missed abortion were also examined. Results: Dengue infection was detected among 14 (40%) of pregnant women with missed abortion in comparison to 3 (8.6%) pregnant women without missed abortion. Significant (p&lt;0.05) association was found between dengue infection and missed abortion in pregnant women. Conclusion: Special preventive measures should be taken to protect pregnant mother against dengue infection. JOPSOM 2023; 42(1):62-67

Voice Quality Evaluation in a Mobile Cellular Network: In Situ Mean Opinion Score Measurements.

This article aims to test, measure and evaluate the quality of voice calls made in a mobile cellular network. A set of drive tests were conducted, during which logs were collected using specialized measurement terminals equipped with a dedicated voice evaluation application. Three different scenarios were considered: the first scenario consisted of a series of mobile-to-mobile calls in a circuit-switched (CS) domain over the GSM network, the second scenario involved similar calls using the VoLTE service in a packet-switched (PS) domain of a 4G network, and the third scenario employed an over-the-top (OTT) media service type via the WhatsApp application in the same PS domain of the 4G network. The measurement results highlight the user experience in each scenario and compare the voice quality evaluated through the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) across the CS and PS domains. The originality of this work consists of in situ measurements performed in Bucharest, Romania, providing detailed, context-specific insights regarding the network performance that can drive local improvements and support policy and investment decisions.

Reproductive physiology of Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan

Abstract The Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is an “endangered” mammal species that is restricted to four range countries of Asia. The ecology and breeding behavior of Indian pangolins is poorly understood due to a lack of scientific data. Due to heavy poaching and illegal killing, the species population has declined drastically in the last decade. Considering the fact that Indian pangolin has low reproductive output, it needs special conservation measures and authentic information about its breeding ecology. We estimated concentrations of three reproductive hormones from scats using ELISA kits in male and female pangolins inhabiting the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan, to confirm its breeding pattern in its range. Testosterone levels were found elevated from May (0.59 ng/ml) until October (1.28 ng/ml). Oestradiol levels were raised from May (0.59 pg/ml) until December (2.64 pg/ml). Progesterone concentrations were relatively low from January until March but increased from April (4.85 pg/ml) through December (14.0 pg/ml) with highest concentrations (20.13 pg/ml) in September and October. Mean hormone (testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone) concentrations were elevated in winter compared to summer (p &lt; 0.001). The current study is the first one to quantify hormonal levels in this species, and our findings establish the breeding pattern of Indian pangolin.

Distortion Risk Measures of Increasing Rearrangement

Increasing rearrangement is a rewarding instrument in financial risk management. In practice, risks must be managed from different perspectives. A common example is the portfolio risk, which often can be seen from at least two perspectives: market value and book value. Different perspectives with different distributions can be coupled by increasing rearrangement. One distribution is regarded as underlying, and the other distribution can be expressed as an increasing rearrangement of the underlying distribution. Then, the risk measure for the latter can be expressed in terms of the underlying distribution. Our first objective is to introduce increasing rearrangement for application in financial risk management and to apply increasing rearrangement to the class of distortion risk measures. We derive formulae to compute risk measures in terms of the underlying distribution. Afterwards, we apply our results to a series of special distortion risk measures, namely the value at risk, expected shortfall, range value at risk, conditional value at risk, and Wang’s risk measure. Finally, we present the connection of increasing rearrangement with inverse transform sampling, Monte Carlo simulation, and cost-efficient strategies. Butterfly options serve as an illustrative example of the method.

Retrospective Evaluation of Intestinal Protozoa Parasites in Patients Presenting to Kafkas University Health Research and Application Hospital Between 2019-2022.

This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of protozoan parasites in stool samples collected from patients presenting with various gastrointestinal complaints to the Medical Parasitology Laboratory of Kafkas University Research and Application Hospital between 2019 and 2022. Stool samples were initially examined using the native-Lugol method for the detection of protozoan parasites, followed by the formol-ethyl acetate sedimentation method, Giemsa, and carbol fuchsin staining methods. Specific immunochromatographic card tests were used for the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia intestinalis. Of the 2.267 stool samples examined over the four-year period from January 2019 to December 2022, 7.63% were found to contain one or more protozoan parasites. Among these parasites, Entamoeba histolytica was detected at the highest rate of 4.06%. The other parasite species were identified as follows: Blastocystis spp. 1.15%, Entamoeba spp. and Entamoeba coli each 0.52%, Giardia intestinalis 0.48%, Endolimax nana 0.17%, and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 0.08%. This study indicates that despite a decrease in the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections in the Kars region, these infections remain a significant public health issue. Therefore, improvements in hygiene and sanitation conditions, increased public health education, and the widespread implementation of early diagnosis and treatment methods are necessary. Special measures should be taken to protect vulnerable groups, particularly children and the elderly.

Bioinformatics analysis of effective biomarkers and immune infiltration in type 2 diabetes with cognitive impairment and aging

With the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) combined with cognitive impairment and aging has become one of the common and important complications of diabetes mellitus, which seriously affects the quality of life of the patients, and imposes a heavy burden on the patients’ families and the society. Currently, there are no special measures for the treatment of cognitive impairment and aging in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the search for potential biological markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with cognitive impairment and aging is of great significance for future precisive treatment. We downloaded three gene expression datasets from the GEO database: GSE161355 (related to T2D with cognitive impairment and aging), GSE122063, and GSE5281 (related to Alzheimer’s disease). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database, and the top 15 hub genes were identified using the CytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape. Core genes were ultimately determined using three machine learning methods: LASSO regression, Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The diagnostic performance of these genes was assessed using ROC curve analysis and validated in an independent dataset (GSE5281). Regulatory genes related to ferroptosis were screened from the FerrDb database, and their biological functions were further explored through GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Finally, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze immune cell infiltration, and the correlation between core genes and immune cell infiltration levels was calculated, leading to the construction of an mRNA-miRNA regulatory network. In the GSE161355 and GSE122063 datasets, 217 common DEGs were identified. GSEA analysis revealed their enrichment in the PI3K-PLC-TRK signaling pathway, TP53 regulation of metabolic genes pathway, Notch signaling pathway, among others. PPI network analysis identified 15 candidate core genes, and further selection using LASSO, LDA, and SVM-RFE machine learning algorithms resulted in 6 core genes: BCL6, TP53, HSP90AA1, CRYAB, IL1B, and DNAJB1. ROC curve analysis indicated that these genes had good diagnostic performance in the GSE161355 dataset, with TP53 and IL1B achieving an AUC of 0.9, indicating the highest predictive accuracy. BCL6, HSP90AA1, CRYAB, and DNAJB1 also had AUCs greater than 0.8, demonstrating moderate predictive accuracy. Validation in the independent dataset GSE5281 showed that these core genes also had good diagnostic performance in Alzheimer’s disease samples (AUC > 0.6). Ferroptosis-related analysis revealed that IL1B and TP53 play significant roles in apoptosis and immune response. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that IL1B is significantly positively correlated with infiltration levels of monocytes and NK cells, while TP53 is significantly negatively correlated with infiltration levels of follicular helper T cells. The construction of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network suggested that miR-150a-5p might play a key role in the regulation of T2D-associated cognitive impairment and aging by TP53. This study, by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning methods, identified BCL6, TP53, HSP90AA1, CRYAB, IL1B, and DNAJB1 as potential diagnostic biomarkers for T2D with cognitive impairment and aging, with a particular emphasis on the significance of TP53 and IL1B in immune cell infiltration. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes to cognitive impairment and aging, providing new targets for early diagnosis and treatment, but also offer new directions and targets for basic research.

Оценка обеспеченности человеческим капиталом аграрного сектора экономики

Abstract. The formation and use of human capital in the agricultural economy must meet modern economic requirements and the level of development of agricultural production. The assessment of the efficiency of the use of human resources and the quality of products plays a key role in adapting to changing market conditions. Therefore, it is important to constantly strengthen human resources to ensure a prompt response to market challenges. At the same time, agricultural production is currently undergoing changes in all key areas. This article analyzes the availability and efficiency of the use of agricultural enterprises' labor resources, based on statistical data for the Russian Federation. In this regard, the purpose of this scientific study is to analyze the availability of human capital in agriculture. The objectives of the study include carrying out a qualitative and quantitative assessment of labor resources. Methods. The methodological basis is based on the general scientific principles of a systematic approach. The analysis uses logical, factorial, comparative and strategic methods, as well as methods of qualitative research of the main trends in the presence and use of human capital in agriculture. Results. The analysis of the formation and use of human capital in agriculture in its quantitative and qualitative assessment in the Russian Federation is carried out: the dynamics of rural population density and the number of workers, the growth rate of wages of agricultural workers, the grouping of those employed in agriculture by level of education, gender and age is given. Scientific novelty. As a result of the research, new theoretical and practical conclusions were obtained, including: 1) identification and classification of socio-economic conditions that promote or, conversely, hinder the effective use and preservation of human capital in the agricultural sector; 2) comprehensive schemes for the formation of human capital in the agricultural sector are proposed, taking into account internal and external factors; 3) the need for the formation of a comfortable socio-economic environment in rural areas is justified; 4) confirmed the need to provide special support measures to attract highly qualified specialists to rural areas.

Experimental study on mechanical behavior and countermeasures of mountain tunnels under strike-slip fault movement

In the seismic mountainous regions such as western China, it is usuallly inevitable to construct tunnels near active fault zones. Those fault-crossing tunnel structures can be extremely vulnerable during earthquakes. Extensive experimental studies have been conducted on the response of continuous mountain tunnels under reverse and normal fault movements, limited experimental investigations are available in the literatures on mountain tunnels with special structural measures crossing strike-slip faults. In this study, a new experimental facility for simulating the movement of strike-slip fault was developed, accounting for the spatial deformation characteristics of large active fault zones. Two groups of sandbox experiment were performed on the scaled tunnel models to investigate the evolution of ground deformation and surface rupture subjected to strike-slip fault motion and its impact on a water conveyance tunnel. The nonlinear response and damage mechanism of continuous tunnels and tunnels incorporated with specially designed articulated system were examined. The test results show that most of slip between stationary block and moving block occurred within the fault core, and significant surface ruptures are observed along the fault strike direction at the fault damage zone. The continuous tunnel undergoes significant shrinkage deformation and diagonal-shear failure near the slip surface and resulted in localized collapse of tunnel lining. The segments of articulated system tunnel suffer a significant horizontal deflection of about 5°, which results in opening and misalignment at the flexible joint. The width of the damaged zone of the articulated system tunnel is about 0.44 to 0.57 times that of the continuous tunnel. Compared to continuous tunnels, the articulated design significantly reduces the axial strain response of the tunnel lining, but increases the circumferential tensile strain at the tunnel crown and invert. It is concluded that articulated design provides an effective measure to reduce the extent of damage in mountain tunnel.

Offense specialization among outlaw motorcycle gang members: Comparing specialization metrics

PurposeWe examine the extent of offense specialization among outlaw motorcycle gang affiliates across Australia using a multi-metric approach, and by doing so compare diverse measures of specialization. MethodsThe sample consisted of 19,633 offenses, committed by 2283 affiliates of outlaw motor cycle gangs (OMCGs), disaggregated into four offense categories: ongoing criminal enterprise, short-term instrumental, violence and intimidation, and other offenses against person. Six specialization metrics were employed to measure specialization among the full sample of affiliates and relevant subgroups. ResultsOf the six metrics employed to measure specialization, five suggested a high degree of versatility in offending among OMCG affiliates. Results were inconsistent across metrics when examining levels of specialization among subgroups of OMCG affiliates, and across offense categories. ConclusionsOMCGs are highly versatile in their offending, demonstrating the importance of interventions targeting organized, violent and lower-level volume crime. However, different measures of specialization yielded inconsistent results and appeared to be measuring different constructs. The suitability of metrics is dependent on the nature of the data and research question of interest. Future specialization research should employ a multi-metric approach to thoroughly explore specialization and improve the ability for cross study comparisons.

Ранние и отдаленные результаты профилактики абдоминального компартмент-синдрома у пациентов с W3 вентральными грыжами

Abdominal compartment syndrome is a severe pathology requiring special preventive and treatment measures. The development of methods for the prevention of abdominal compartment syndrome is important in patients with W3 ventral hernias and loss of the domain. The study analyzed the results of treatment of 71 patients with W3 hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. Before surgery, all patients were calculated the size of the hernia implant necessary for the prevention of compartment syndrome. To calculate the size of the required hernia implant, radiography, ultrasonography and anthropometric data of the patient were used. The patients underwent hernioplasty with sublay, inlay and, developed by the authors, in a combined method. In the groups with inlay and combined method hernioplasty, the development of compartment syndrome was not observed. The combination of the developed methods of preoperative calculation of the hernia implant and the combined method of hernioplasty showed a low number of early and late postoperative complications, the same as in other study groups. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the developed methods for the prevention of abdominal compartment syndrome.

THE EXPERIENCE OF AGGLOMERATION DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA AND KAZAKHSTAN

This article examines the experience of agglomeration development in China and Kazakhstan. It reviews the history of formation and approaches to defining the concept of urban agglomeration, including the definition of urban agglomeration by Chinese scholars. Forecasts are presented for metropolitan areas around the world and in China. In the practice of agglomeration development in China today, five urbanization belts and nineteen major urban agglomerations are outlined. The transfer of "non-capital functions" from the Chinese capital to Hebei Province is transforming Xiong'an into a center of innovation. The set of special measures used by the Chinese authorities to stimulate the development of megalopolises and agglomerations is considered. Characteristics of the functioning of China's urban agglomerations are presented, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The experience of agglomeration development in Kazakhstan at the legislative level is studied, and attention is paid to the introduction of a new model of agglomeration management in the country, which gives regional administrations basic, additional powers and responsibilities for agglomeration development. The imbalances around the major cities and the main factors contributing to these imbalances are considered. The need for the formation and development of agglomerations as points of economic growth of the country and their effective positioning according to the level and specialization of their development is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the development of agglomeration processes in Kazakhstan, the advantages and disadvantages of urban agglomerations are presented. Suggestions are made on the directions of their further development.

Coordination of counter-terrorism actors, whose activities are directed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine within its powers

Currently, Ukraine has been constantly struggling with hybrid threats, especially terrorism, which arose as a result of the Russian Federation’s aggression. The problematic issue of organising and counteracting such a phenomenon as a terrorist act requires special attention, as the inability of key public authorities responsible for detecting and suppressing these criminal acts to apply organisational and managerial decisions correctly does not allow minimising them. Therefore, there is no doubt that the effectiveness of countering such threats depends on the activities of the Interagency Coordination Commission of the Anti-Terrorist Centre of the Security Service of Ukraine, which, for its part, regulates the conduct of measures to identify and eliminate the causes and conditions of terrorist acts and other crimes committed for terrorist purposes, since the tactics of combating this crime are formed, in particular, by conducting certain activities by officers of the National Police of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. These bodies are interdependent in fulfilling their tasks in the fight against terrorism, which has recently been spreading across the entire territory of our country and leaving traces in the form of destroyed infrastructure and civilian deaths. The latest ideas on the development of organisational and managerial measures, including special operations or measures aimed at the rapid termination of terrorist acts, play a priority role. The article examines the gaps in the legislation and proposes to consider amending it. Such amendments will help to increase the level of coordination of counter-terrorism actors, which are part of the Interagency Coordination Commission of the Anti-Terrorist Centre under the Security Service of Ukraine and whose activities are directed by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, in order to improve the prevention of terrorist activities, their detection, suppression and minimisation of their consequences. A properly constructed model can be used in the future and demonstrate a high and positive result in countering terrorism in Ukraine.