Special Location Research Articles

Case report: Mullerian cyst of mediastinum: report of two cases

Posterior mediastinal Mullerian cyst is rare. Due to its special location, it is easy to be misdiagnosed clinically, imaging and pathologically. Imaging is often misdiagnosed as a bronchial cyst or neurogenic tumor. The postoperative misdiagnosis rate is high and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as a bronchogenic cyst. Careful histopathological observation and necessary immunohistochemical marker staining of the resected specimens, such as PAX 8, WT1, ER and PR positivity, can confirm the diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis of other lesions. This article introduces the clinical, imaging characteristics, histopathological morphology, and immunohistochemical characteristics of 2 cases of posterior mediastinal Mullerian duct cysts. To explore the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of posterior mediastinal Mullerian duct cysts.

THE IMPACT OF IRANIAN FILMS AND TELEVISION SERIES ON TURKISH AND AZERBAIJANI INBOUND TOURISTS

Recently, Iran has employed different methods to attract international tourists, with film tourism emerging as one of the most effective strategies, owing to the export of television (TV) series and films. With this tool and approach, Iran increased the number of tourists and became a unique country to visit owing to the shared language, culture, and special geographic location with over 15 countries, including two independent and disconnected states in Iraq, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and Nakhichevan, alongside 27 heritage sites. Iran achieved remarkable success in exporting TV series and films. The ‘film-induced tourism effect’, which refers to the increase in demand for travel to Iran, is widely thought to be one of the most significant outcomes of exporting TV series and films. This relatively new field explores how TV series and films affect travel demand. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of TV series broadcasting in other countries with cultural similarities such as language. For this, we examine the influence of Turkish and Azerbaijani citizens visiting Iran. The results indicate that visitors from both countries were affected by Iranian TV series post-2018.

Comparative Analysis of the Economies of Türkiye and Uzbekistan

The independence of the Central Asian republic of Uzbekistan, described as the Turkic Republic, has added a new dimension to Turkish foreign policy. In this context, relations and cooperation between Turkey and Uzbekistan, where common language, history and cultural ties are shared, have developed rapidly in many areas due to common interests. Turkey's policy towards Uzbekistan is to support the country's continued existence as an independent state that has political and economic stability, is integrated with the international community, and internalizes democratic values. As a matter of fact, Turkey has clearly implemented its strategy and policy on this issue by immediately recognizing Uzbekistan's independence and providing economic support to the country. In this direction, Turkey supports the country with training programs, projects and technical assistance, especially through the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA). In line with this basic strategy, in this study, Uzbekistan and Turkey are evaluated from an economic and sociopolitical perspective and how each country's special location and geopolitical position shapes the strategies they follow.

Impact of elevated CO2 on microbial communities and functions in riparian sediments: Role of pollution levels in modulating effects

The impact of elevated CO2 levels on microorganisms is a focal point in studying the environmental effects of global climate change. A growing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of the direct effects of elevated CO2 on microorganisms, which are confounded by indirect effects that are not easily identified. Riparian zones have become key factor in identifying the environmental effects of global climate change because of their special location. However, the direct effects of elevated CO2 levels on microbial activity and function in riparian zone sediments remain unclear. In this study, three riparian sediments with different pollution risk levels of heavy metals and nutrients were selected to explore the direct response of microbial communities and functions to elevated CO2 excluding plants. The results showed that the short-term effects of elevated CO2 did not change the diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities, but altered the composition of their communities. Additionally, differences were observed in the responses of microbial functions to elevated CO2 levels among the three regions. Elevated CO2 promoted the activities of nitrification and denitrification enzymes and led to significant increases in N2O release in the three sediments, with the greatest increase of 76.09 % observed in the Yuyangshan Bay (YYS). Microbial carbon metabolism was promoted by elevated CO2 in YYS but was significantly inhibited by elevated CO2 in Gonghu Bay and Meiliang Bay. Moreover, TOC, TN, and Pb contents were identified as key factors contributing to the different microbial responses to elevated CO2 in sediments with different heavy metal and nutrient pollution. In conclusion, this study provides in-depth insights into the responses of bacteria and fungi in polluted riparian sediments to elevated CO2, which helps elucidate the complex interactions between microbial activity and environmental stressors.

Tumor classification algorithm via parallel collaborative optimization of single- and multi-objective consistency on PET/CT

Malignant tumors still have a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Pathological examination remains the clinical gold standard for tumor diagnosis. However, some patients cannot undergo pathological examination due to advanced age and special lesion location. Therefore, making full use of PET/CT to assist doctors in tumor classification has important clinical significance. Since category labels are calibrated according to pathological images, it is difficult to obtain effective pathological category features directly using PET-CT image modeling. In response to this problem, this paper proposes a novel tumor classification algorithm. This method fully utilizes multi-gray-level 3D gray-level co-occurrence matrix and the proposed rough and fine constraint network under the constraint loss of rough and fine labels. Based on single- and multi-objective consistency, a parallel collaborative optimization method is proposed, including category consistency loss and feature specificity loss. To reduce the interference of redundant features, an improved Boruta feature selection method using multiple classifiers and multiple steps is proposed. The final result is obtained through a conditional weighted voting function. The proposed method shows excellent performance in both the submodels and the fusion model. We validated the proposed tumor classification method on three datasets and achieved good performance with the accuracy of 0.80–0.85 and F1-score of 0.78–0.88. The results indicate that the proposed method has good performance and generalization ability.

The Taping Game for the Complex G8 Glissonean Approach Is the Most Effective Technique for Laparoscopic Anatomic S8 Resection of Dandelion-Patterned Hepatic Pedicles.

Laparoscopic anatomic segment 8 resection (LAR-S8) remains a technical challenge due to the special location of S8 and the complex classification of the Glissonean pedicle of S8 (G8). Particularly for situations in which multiple grade 4 hepatic pedicles branch out from the same point at 360° in a dandelion pattern from the right anterior hepatic pedicle, effective methods for accurately locating the target G8 and the intersegmental plane between S8 and the adjacent hepatic segment remain lacking. This report describes a LAR-S8 guided by the indocyanine green (ICG) negative-staining method using the "taping game for complex G8 Glissonean approach" in a patient with a typical dandelion-patterned G8. The operative time was 150min, with a blood loss of 50mL and no complications. The patient was discharged 5 days postoperatively. Regular follow-up evaluation during 24 months showed no recurrence. The taping game is an effective method for S8 resection, especially for patients with complex G8 patterns such as the dandelion pattern.

Complete Surgical Resection of a C3 Neuroenteric Cyst With Concurrent Cervical Fusion Deformity Through Posterior Midline Approach in the Lateral Position: Case Report

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Enterogenic cysts often occur along the spinal axis and are frequently associated with congenital spinal malformations. The special location of the lesion can limit the surgical resection to achieve complete removal. In this report, the authors describe a successful case of complete resection of a ventral enterogenic cyst in the cervical spinal cord using a posterior midline approach in the lateral position. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: This report discusses a case of a 36-year-old young female patient who presented with relatively short-term discomfort and pain in the left shoulder and neck area. MRI examination revealed a cystic mass located ventrally in the C3 cervical spinal cord. We performed a posterior surgical approach and, under the lateral position, the lesion was completely resected. The surgical treatment alleviated the neurological dysfunction. During the follow-up periods of 3 and 6 months, the patient recovered well, and magnetic resonance imaging scans showed no residual lesion. CONCLUSION: Complete surgical resection of the cyst wall is the only effective treatment for enterogenic cysts because partial resection or subtotal resection may lead to recurrence. For patients with concomitant spinal malformations, a posterior midline approach in the lateral position is a viable surgical option.

FORGE’d in FIRE III: The IMF in Quasar Accretion Disks from STARFORGE

Recently, we demonstrated self-consistent formation of strongly-magnetized quasar accretion disks (QADs) from cosmological radiation-magnetohydrodynamic-thermochemical galaxy-star formation simulations, including the full STARFORGE physics shown previously to produce a reasonable IMF under typical ISM conditions. Here we study star formation and the stellar IMF in QADs, on scales from 100 au to 10 pc from the SMBH. We show it is critical to include physics often previously neglected, including magnetic fields, radiation, and (proto)stellar feedback. Closer to the SMBH, star formation is suppressed, but the (rare) stars that do form exhibit top-heavy IMFs. Stars can form only in special locations (e.g. magnetic field switches) in the outer QAD. Protostars accrete their natal cores rapidly but then dynamically decouple from the gas and ‘wander,’ ceasing accretion on timescales ~100 yr. Their jets control initial core accretion, but the ejecta are ‘swept up’ into the larger-scale QAD flow without much dynamical effect. The strong tidal environment strongly suppresses common-core multiplicity. The IMF shape depends sensitively on un-resolved dynamics of protostellar disks (PSDs), as the global dynamical times can become incredibly short (< yr) and tidal fields are incredibly strong, so whether PSDs can efficiently transport angular momentum or fragment catastrophically at <10 au scales requires novel PSD simulations to properly address. Most analytic IMF models and analogies with planet formation in PSDs fail qualitatively to explain the simulation IMFs, though we discuss a couple of viable models.

Analysis of the Factors Contributing to the Nationwide Spread of Zibo Barbecue

Zibo is a city with a long history and rich culture. Its unique geographical location and cultural environment have created favorable conditions for its development. In 2023, the barbecue culture in Zibo became popular nationwide. The reason for this situation is not only due to the special geographical location and traditional culture of Zibo but also due to many human factors that contributed to this prosperity, allowing Zibo’s economy to take off in 2023. This article will explore the reasons why Zibo barbecue is so popular from several aspects, such as the unique barbecue culture in Zibo, the cooperation and promotion between the government and enterprises, the kindness and hospitality with Shandong people, and the promotion by the media and the internet.

Application and Development of Smart City in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area

With the acceleration of the global urbanization process, all countries and regions pay more and more attention to the sustainable development of cities. As of October 2021, 132 countries and regions have upgraded the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutral" to a national strategy, and have proposed a vision of a zero-carbon future. The construction of a smart city has become an important factor in sustainable urban development. The special geographical location of Guangdong Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area (hereinafter referred to as GBA) determines its development flexibility, and this region is bound to become one of the important development strategic regions in China. This paper selects the three core cities of GBA, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, as the research objectives, and to integrate, compare, and analyze the achievements of these cities in terms of smart cities. The research results can provide a reference for the construction direction of smart cities in other cities.

Understanding the local environment in electrocatalysis

This perspective summarizes the understanding about the local reaction environment in the electrocatalysis and underscores the influence of local environment due to its special location.

Molecular mechanisms of spinal cord injury repair across vertebrates: A comparative review.

In humans and other adult mammals, axon regeneration is difficult in axotomized neurons. Therefore, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that can lead to permanent loss of locomotor and sensory functions. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of axon regeneration in vertebrates are not very well understood, and currently, no effective treatment is available for SCI. In striking contrast to adult mammals, many nonmammalian vertebrates such as reptiles, amphibians, bony fishes and lampreys can spontaneously resume locomotion even after complete SCI. In recent years, rapid progress in the development of next-generation sequencing technologies has offered valuable information on SCI. In this review, we aimed to provide a comparison of axon regeneration process across classical model organisms, focusing on crucial genes and signalling pathways that play significant roles in the regeneration of individually identifiable descending neurons after SCI. Considering the special evolutionary location and powerful regenerative ability of lamprey and zebrafish, they will be the key model organisms for ongoing studies on spinal cord regeneration. Detailed study of SCI in these model organisms will help in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of neuron regeneration across species.

Core items to be included in a definition of moderate psoriatic arthritis: literature review and expert opinion.

Evidence-based treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) suggest that treatment should be individualised but acknowledge the difficulty of correctly defining levels of activity (mild, moderate and severe). The aim of this study was to define the parameters or disease characteristics that should be included in a future definition of moderate PsA. Mixed. methods: (1) literature review to identify previous assessment tools used to classify patients into mild, moderate and severe forms, and (2) survey of rheumatologists, and experts in PsA, to obtain their opinion on the degree of validation and applicability of published definitions and tools, and on the parameters that should be included in a future definition of moderate PsA. We propose eight domains/items to be included in a definition of moderate PsA: number of active joints and inflamed entheses, physician global assessment (by visual analogue scale), dactylitis, body surface area (BSA) affected by psoriasis, psoriasis in special locations, and absence of hip involvement. The Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score would be supported as part of this definition, as would the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) index. This study proposes a set of items/domains to be included in a definition of moderate PsA based on literature and expert opinion, which can be the starting point for further development and validation studies of the proposed items.

Evaluation of Groundwater Security under Engineering Environment in Geda Township Area,Tibe

Water body is one of the important factors of engineering spatial structure, and also the carrier of spatial activities. The Tibetan Plateau is known as the “third pole in the world”. It has a special geographical location and a large number of projects for engineering infrastructure. Therefore, how to build various major and large-scale projects under the plateau environment needs to be further strengthened to the importance of water bodies. In this paper, through the geological conditions in Geda Township, Tibet, Analysis and performance of water mechanism in the area, through the field discovery, The water direction in the survey area is controlled by the structure and terrain; at the same time, the project water supply guarantee is mainly for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of water quality and quantity information, the water supply guarantee of the investigation area is mainly divided into surface water supply water guarantee and groundwater water supply guarantee. This paper describes the relevant content of groundwater protection, through the field investigation and field water quality collection, the basic situation in the investigation area is that: the groundwater quality is generally superior to that of the surface water, especially more than Jilin spring water, better water quality and larger amount of water; It is of guiding significance to water quality investigation and geological engineering construction in other areas.

Determinants of Poverty Levels In Terms of Regional Revenues and Expenditures in Regency/City Jambi Province 2017-2022

The aim of this research is 1) To analyze the development conditions of poverty levels, local original income, general allocation funds, special allocation funds, profit sharing funds, capital expenditures and expenditures on regency/city goods and services in Jambi Province for 2017-2022. 2) To analyze the influence of Regional Original Income, General Allocation Funds, Special Allocation Funds, Profit Sharing Funds, Capital Expenditures and Goods and Services Expenditures on Regency/City Poverty Levels in Jambi Province in 2017-2022. The type of research used is descriptive and quantitative population research in this research is all districts/cities in Jambi Province, data collection techniques are indirect observation and library research (library study). The type of data used in this research is secondary data. The data analysis technique in this research uses panel data regression. The research results show that Original Regional Income has a negative and insignificant effect on the poverty level, meaning that if local original income increases, the poverty level will decrease. General Allocation Funds have a negative and significant effect on poverty, meaning that if general allocation funds increase, the poverty level will decrease. Special Allocation Funds have a negative and significant effect on poverty, meaning that if special location funds increase, the poverty level will decrease. Profit Sharing Funds have a negative and significant effect on poverty, meaning that if profit sharing funds increase it can reduce poverty rates. Capital expenditure has a negative and insignificant effect, meaning that if capital expenditure increases, the poverty level will decrease but not significantly. Expenditure on goods and services has a negative and significant effect, meaning that if expenditure on goods and services increases, the poverty level will decrease.

Cislunar [formula omitted] and [formula omitted] axial orbits and their applications

Cislunar L4 or L5 axial orbit families are continuous asymmetrical periodic orbits from the figure-8 orbit around L4 or L5 Lagrange point of the Earth–Moon system to the halo-family around the Moon. They provide special locations of lunar relay satellites for the lunar south pole due to their offset locations. In this paper, we investigate the orbital characters and applications of cislunar L4 and L5 axial orbits. A construction method of cislunar L4 and L5 axial orbit families is proposed according to their topological feature in the torus space. Then, lunar relay performances, including coverage and eclipse, are analyzed for different cislunar L4 and L5 axial orbits. Numerical computation indicates that 3:1 resonant L4 and L5 axial orbits are the optimal options in terms of the stability, coverage and eclipse avoidance. Lunar relay performances of a two-satellite constellation deployed in these orbits are compared with that in a near rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO). Numerical results show that the constellation of axial orbits can provide longer contact duration to the lunar equator and southern hemisphere than that of the NRHO. Finally, a station-keeping strategy and a transfer design of cislunar L4 and L5 axial orbits are developed, and their fuel costs are studied.

Bias correction of Arctic sea ice thickness products based on factor selection and machine learning methods

With the accelerated melting of Arctic sea ice in the context of climate change, accurate sea ice thickness observations are needed for long-term climate simulation, short-term prediction, and shipping navigation. Limited by their special geographical location, in-situ data of Arctic sea ice thickness is scarce, and the quality of observation products from existing satellites and models is uneven. In this situation, we selected the key meteorological and marine environmental factors that affect the thickness of sea ice based on the thermodynamic law of sea ice, the traditional method of causal analysis, and the data mining ability of machine learning. Then, we constructed bias correction models combining these factors with geographic and temporal information, integrating random forest, extreme gradient boosting tree, and generalised regression neural network to correct the sea ice thickness data. The segmented regression models of thick and thin ice were constructed according to the characteristics of sea ice thickness products. The results show that the proposed bias correction model of sea ice thickness can effectively improve the quality of existing products and reduce the bias from the in-situ data.

Impact of extreme rainfall on metro network resilience: Shanghai metro as an example

Extreme rainfall results in urban floods that are known to occur frequently and worldwide. In particular, a metro system faces a high risk of inundation owing to its special geographical location. Consequently, metro network flood resilience has attracted increased attention. This study considered Shanghai as an example to assess the resilience of metro network under extreme rainfall. First, a resilience assessment method of metro networks under extreme rainfall conditions was proposed. This method comprised comprehensive urban waterlogging analysis, construction of a topological structure of metro networks, and resilience assessment of metro networks. Subsequently, the resilience analysis of the Shanghai metro network under extreme rainfall was conducted as a case study based on the above method. The results showed that the disruption of stations and corresponding intervals caused greater damage to network performance. Finally, based on the analysis results, suggestions were provided to improve the flood resilience of the metro network under extreme rainfall conditions.

Building integration of solar energy systems in Türkiye and world

Energy is one of the most important issues from the Industrial Revolution and in the Globalizing World. Energy is also a big problem for the Republic of Türkiye, which has made a serious industrial breakthrough in the last 20 years. Because Türkiye, which does not have rich fossil fuels like the Middle Eastern States or Russia, is a foreign-dependent country for its energy needs. It is known that fossil fuels will be depleted in the near future and waste materials generated as a result of energy production pose great threats to the world ecosystem. Therefore, in recent years, developed and developing countries have been developing investment projects for alternative energy sources instead of fossil energy sources. The most efficient and harmless of alternative energy sources is Solar Energy. It should be noted that the use of solar energy, which is so efficient for our world and more attractive than other alternative energy sources in terms of the energy size it produces, requires a certain technical knowledge. Because Türkiye is geographically located in the middle belt and due to its special location, the number of sunny days is much higher than in other countries. In this article, the reality of solar energy in Türkiye and its potential, the solar energy systems used and how they are integrated into buildings, and the advantages and disadvantages of these integrated systems is reviewed. In addition, some examples from some countries of the world will be discussed. Furthermore, projects of integrated solar energy application systems in buildings in Türkiye are reviewed, in addition to some suggestions and recommendations in this field.

KEYS TO CREATING AN EFFECTIVE REGIONAL INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Integration processes in science, education and production are driven by the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, the introduction of innovative scientific developments into mass production and the informatisation of the economy. The development of knowledge-intensive industries places new demands on the training and retraining of innovation-sensitive personnel, as well as on science, education and the economy as a whole, which are currently unable to develop effectively independently and adapt to changes in technology and engineering. The purpose of the article is to find promising areas for the development of education and science based on their integration with business entities not only within the limited space of regions, but also on the basis of spatial integration of territories with a special geographical location. Methodology. The necessary and socially significant conditions for the integration of science, education and business are the achievement of knowledge and skills, goals and values related to the acceleration of the reproduction of innovation potential in society, awareness of the role of science, education and business in solving problems of innovation development, and also their integration interaction in this area. Practical implications. Three main levels of economic systems are allocated: individual, organisation, and region. It has been determined that the degree of influence of innovation processes on them is determined by the presence and condition of three factors necessary for the formation of innovation susceptibility (stabilising, activating and structural). Value/Оriginality. Based on the concepts of the main innovation systems and the necessary conditions for innovative economic growth, the authors have clarified the content of the category "innovation receptivity of the region". The paper also reveals the basic principles of building a model of innovation receptivity and determines the degree of interdependence and interdependence between its constituent elements based on a systematic approach.