Specific Institutions Research Articles

تصورات الفكر الحداثي عن التشريعات الإسلامية للأسرة: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة

This study aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the perceptions of modernity-related thought concerning family affairs in Islamic legislation. Analyzing the discourse of modernity and the issues raised therein, the researcher attempts to answer the following questions: what effect-if any- does one’s stance on religious heritage have on the study of family-related issues? what are the flaws of the modernists with respect to the family? what are the alternative perceptions that Islam presents concerning family values and legislation? To answer these questions- and to achieve the objective of his study- the researcher has used a descriptive as well as a comparative approach. In conclusion, the study has found that the flaws of the modernist approach, which adopts western secular concepts and values on a universal scale, can be traced back to its rejection of any cultural particularities stemming from religious heritage. That is why it fails to acknowledge or explain the changes witnessed in daily life in Muslim societies. Understandably, an explanation of such changes cannot be reduced exclusively to a material worldview. Identifying some features of such shortcomings, the researcher has referred to the modernists’ rejection of value-based family cohesion, and how they see it as a source of violation to women's rights. Or worse still, they see it as a form of stereotyping the gender roles in line with religious rulings. On the positive side, the study outlined some features of an alternative methodology from within the Islamic worldview- to address the issues of parent education, family upbringing based on dialogue, equality among family members, and women’s freedoms, which modernists usually raise. The study ends by urging researchers to conduct further case studies on a specific country or family institutions. The focus of such works should be on evaluating the content of the modernist discourse in international agreements, and its impact on women and children, on the identity of the family, as well as its functions and characteristics from the perspective of cultural differences among nations.

Assessing Roller Compacted Concrete using GGBS as Partial Cement Replacing Material for Application in Low Traffic Volume Road

This paper reports most optimized mix derived from the roller compacted concrete (RCC) using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as the partial cement replacing materials in the context of possible utilization of RCC in the construction of rigid pavements in the rural part of the country, especially subjected to low vehicular traffic volume. In the current study, various RCC mix compositions were developed by substituting ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in varied percentages (0%, 20%, 40%, and 50%) and assessed for mechanical (strength) properties. All the three GGBS blended mix compositions are found to give early age compressive strength more than 20 MPa and 28 days compressive strength more than 30 MPa. Further, they are found to have split tensile strength in the range of 2.8-4.1 MPa. Moreover, they are found to yield the flexural strength more than 3.8 MPa. All the three mixes are found to comply with the requirements of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and the flexural strengths as prescribed by Indian Roads Congress Specification and American Concrete Institute Standards for possible utilization in the construction of rigid pavements in the rural parts of the developing country like India. Further, the strength values of the GGBS blended mixes increases from 20% to 40% and decreases thereafter, at the higher GGBS contents such as 50%. In view of this, the RCC mix composition with 40% GGBS contents can be regarded as the most optimal mix to be used in the construction of rigid pavements in rural part of the country.

Critical Policy Analysis of the Second Round of the Double First-Class Project in China

Purpose This critical policy analysis aims to comprehensively examine the second round of China's first-class discipline development project, commonly known as the “Double First-Class Project” (DFC Project or Shuang Yi Liu Project). Design/Approach/Methods We conducted desk research between May 2022 and December 2023 using relevant policy documents, academic literature, news sources, and commentaries that specifically focused on the second round of the DFC Project in China. Employing a critical policy analysis approach, we analyzed the gathered data from three key perspectives: policy as text, policy as discourse, and policy effects (including both first- and second-order effects). Findings The second round of the DFC Project was implemented within the context of strengthened state regulation, prevalent managerialism, and an emphasis on promoting education equality in China's higher education development. A notable shift in structural dynamics occurred between the first and second round. These include the possibility of universities being added to or removed from the official list, increased academic autonomy for selected universities, and the promotion of interdisciplinary research within specific institutions. The implementation of the second round of the DFC Project reflects China's commitment to developing an internationalization strategy with Chinese characteristics. This strategy aims to align with China's national strategic needs and position the country as a cooperative partner, promoter, competitor, and potential leader in global scholarship. Originality/Value By employing a critical policy analysis approach, this study offers a comprehensive examination of the second round of the DFC project in China, contributing to existing knowledge on the development of world-class university policies in the country.

Settlement Of Medical Disputes Through Restorative Justice According To Law No. 17 Of 2023 Concerning Health

Settlement of Medical Disputes through litigation and non-litigation, a special institution which functions as a legal institution whose function is to resolve disputes, the Ethics Committee of the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council (MKDKI) was formed, the Medical Ethics Honorary Council (MKEK) Dispute Settlement through the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) ). The Health Law Settlement contains various new provisions in the health sector, including procedures for resolving disputes in the medical and health sectors, prioritizing restorative justice as stated in Article 310 of Law no. 17 of 2023 Obstacles in restorative care that can arise are a lack of commitment from the parties involved in resolving a dispute peacefully, the patient insisting on defending his report/lawsuit, the process outside the court is deemed unable to realize the sense of justice that the victim desires. There is no special institution that acts as a legal institution whose function is to resolve medical disputes. to carry out settlements outside the court process.

The legacy of Luhmann’s sociology of law

This paper aims to map the possibilities of adopting social systems theory in order to couple three usually isolated domains: social theory, jurisprudence and empirical research. It argues that these different uses would be the distinctive legacy of Luhmann’s work for legal research. The text suggests that investigations interested in adopting a systemic approach for discussions in each of these three domains (or in all of them) should focus on the entanglement among interactional, decisional and functional systems. However, this presupposes some enhancements in Luhmann’s own description of law as a social system. The core hypothesis presented here is that a functional system’s out-differentiation (its specialisation in face of other communications happening in the societal environment) depends on the inner-differentiation of this system – that is, on operations backed by the very construction of specific functional-systemic institutions and semantics (including decisional programs and self-descriptions).

Special institutions of the European Union

Special institutions of the European Union

Has Indonesia Safeguarded Traditional Cultural Expressions?

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia recognized the importance of intellectual property in folklore since the 1982 Copyright Law was enacted (Article 10 of Law No. 6/1982). The study seeks to understand what obstacles Indonesia faces in protecting tribal peoples' communal rights over traditional cultural expressions, also called expressions of folklore in the digital age, and how other nations are resolving them. What is Indonesia's plan for developing and safeguarding traditional cultural manifestations in the digital age, as seen from other nations? The study employs a case-based, normative legal research methodology. The findings, an urgent need for specific institutions that control access benefit sharing from usage by foreign parties, as well as a special anti-theft task force for communal intellectual property rights in the digital era that takes the form of a support organization for tribal peoples. To increase cooperation in the inventorying and documentation of Tribal peoples who own collective intellectual property, optimization also calls for coordination of involvement between the federal government, local governments, and autonomous bodies operating under them, such as the Ministry of Tourism, the Creative Economy Agency, and Tribal peoples' organizations.

MSME Development to Increase IPR Valuation

This study discusses the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in Indonesia, particularly in the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Indonesia has regulations that protect IPR through Law No. 21 of 1961 on Industrial and Trade Marks, and Law No. 20 of 2008 on MSMEs, which support business development. IPR protection is essential for MSMEs to enhance competitiveness and obtain legal recognition for their works. However, public awareness and understanding of the importance of IPR remain low, and there are various obstacles in the registration and management process of IPR. This research employs a normative juridical method by reviewing literature related to relevant theories, concepts, principles, and legal regulations. The results show that brand development and industrial design in MSMEs can provide significant added value, as well as the importance of patent protection to encourage innovation. It is hoped that the government can facilitate the registration process and socialization of IPR, and establish a specialized institution for IPR valuation to enhance the economic contribution of MSMEs in Indonesia.

Why Students Choose the European Project Semester Program for Academic Mobility: A Case Study at an Engineering School

European Mobility Programmes promoted by the European Commission have propelled a significant change in students’ mobility across Europe in the last few decades. The European Project Semester (EPS) is one of those programmes. Research has mainly focused on understanding the factors that shape students’ decision to engage in mobility experiences but has not tackled the motivation(s) leading them to opt for that programme in a particular country at a specific institution. This paper aims to understand EPS students’ motivation to elect this programme for their mobility at a particular country/city/institution and hence contribute to help institutions define policies and practices to attract more students to this specific programme. Carried out at the Polytechnic School of Engineering in Porto, a mixed research methodology was followed, considering qualitative and quantitative data equally, and a theoretical framework was devised based on the push–pull factors model. Seventy-seven students participated in the study by filling in a closed-question questionnaire and engaging in focus group sessions. The findings sustained previous research and highlighted that students’ motivation is supported by a combination of factors (personal, professional, academic), among which the personal category was the highest rated. These results show that the motivations for choosing the EPS programme do not differ considerably from those leading students to undertake regular mobility.

PP The Role of Officers from the Special Child Development Institution Class II Banda Aceh in Dealing with the Adjustment Problems of Juvenile Inmates

PP The Role of Officers from the Special Child Development Institution Class II Banda Aceh in Dealing with the Adjustment Problems of Juvenile Inmates

More Security, More Trust? Security Perceptions as a Source of Government Trust in Post-Conflict Settings

ABSTRACT How can governments gain the trust of their citizens after civil war? Although previous work has thoroughly considered the drivers of governmental trust, we know relatively little about the role of security perceptions in post-conflict settings. Drawing on data from an original survey fielded with 2000 respondents from Liberia, we show that citizens’ security perceptions shape their trust in government. We also demonstrate that explicit attribution of security to specific institutions is key for linking more effective security governance with more trust. Our findings have significant implications for the design of security institutions and statebuilding in post-conflict settings.

Reducing Wait Times for Children's Developmental Disorders Consultations Via Simplified Primary Care Assessments

The number of children diagnosed with developmental disorders in Japan is increasing annually, primarily assessed byspecialized physicians in pediatrics, pediatric neurology, and child psychiatry. However, medical institutions for children withdevelopmental disorders often have fully booked schedules, forcing long waiting periods until initial consultations can be obtained. Onereason for this is the shortage of specialized medical institutions and specialists. Prolonged waiting periods may not only delayintervention and support but also exacerbate the child's symptoms and cause psychological distress to the caregivers. Therefore,reducing the waiting period for initial consultations from the perspective of early detection and early support is an urgent issue.However, there is insufficient research on how to shorten the waiting period. Therefore, we focused on local primary care physicians,who are familiar with shortening the waiting time for initial consultations at specialist medical institutions. This aimed to investigatewhether there was a change in the waiting time for initial consultations at specialist medical institutions when local primary carephysicians used a simplified assessment sheet supervised by pediatric specialists, and referrals were made to specialist medical institutionsafter assessment. The participants consisted of 15 individuals referred from primary care physicians to specialist medical institutions and15 who directly visited medical institutions, totaling 30 participants for evaluation. As a result, the group that made appointments andvisited specialist medical institutions directly showed significantly longer waiting periods than those assessed by primary care physiciansand referred to specialist medical institutions (p < 0.05). Assessment and treatment of developmental disorders in early childhood haveprimarily been conducted at specialized medical institutions. Still, using a simplified assessment sheet by primary care physicians suggestsa potential reduction in the waiting time for initial consultations with specialists.

Areas of modernization of the system of training and certification of forensic experts in Ukraine based on the adaptation of foreign experience

Abstract The article is devoted to the study of the existing system of training and certification of forensic experts in Ukraine and to the provision of proposals for its modernization, taking into account the positive experience in the field of forensic science of the USA, Great Britain and some countries of the European Union. In Ukraine, the procedure for the training and certification of forensic experts is determined by ministries and other central executive authorities, which manage state specialized institutions that carry out forensic activities. A study of foreign experience in the training and certification of forensic experts made it possible to identify general and specific elements, sustain the benefits of the implemented measures, and formulate priorities and guidelines. The research resulted in the justification of the need to develop a single regulatory act that would determine the procedure for training, internships and certification of forensic experts, as well as the creation of a single qualification body that would help ensure uniform approaches to determining the qualification of forensic experts working in state specialized forensic institutions, their territorial branches, expert institutions of municipal ownership, and forensic experts who are not employees of these institutions. It is proved that the development and implementation of uniform standards for training forensic experts on the basis of a centralized approach, regardless of where these specialists will work in the future, will help address the problem of training personnel. The author concludes that improving the quality of training, internship and certification of forensic experts requires new approaches to organizational, economic, teaching, methodological and technical provision. The author substantiates the need for fundamentally new forms of activity which will ensure the effectiveness and transparency of the assessment of knowledge by means of modern information technologies in the current reform environment. It is stated that Ukraine should raise the criteria for admission to the profession of a forensic expert. The author specifies the issues that need to be enshrined in law.

Professional opportunities, gender obstacles, and narrowed progression: The case of the first Social Science Research Council female fellows (1925-1934).

Between the years 1925 and 1934, the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) awarded 198 postdoctoral research fellowships to early-career social scientists, among which 29 were awarded to women. This article, which is based on the SSRC directory and Rockefeller institutions' records, examines the professional paths of these female fellows to shed light on the presence of women in the social sciences and to probe the peculiarities of their professional trajectories. The SSRC fellowships represented a significant professional prospect for brilliant young female graduates who were often denied similar opportunities in other fields. Nonetheless, they did not eradicate all gender discrimination that remained prevalent, not only in the vertical sense by preventing women from progressing in the academic hierarchy, but also in the horizontal sense by retaining them in designated spaces (specific disciplines or institutions) that were underrecognized. Ultimately, the analysis of women's professional paths underscores the importance of examining the private or intimate lives of scientists to gain a more in-depth understanding of the social structure of science and its impact on its protagonists.

Academic Integrity in Existing Classroom Resources and Teaching Learning Process for Children with Vision Impairment in Government Special Education Institutions of Punjab Pakistan

Purpose: The objective of this qualitative study was to evaluate the level of academic integrity in the provision and utilization of classroom resources and flow of the teaching-learning process for children with vision impairment (CWVI) at primary level. Design/Methodology/Approach: Non-participant classroom observations were conducted. Eight special education institutions working in various districts of Punjab were randomly selected. A self-developed, field experts validated classroom observation checklist was applied to conduct the classroom observations. All observations were carried out personally by the principal author. Researchers analyzed the data by descriptive statistics percentages of observed indicators for academic integrity. After that, a thematic analysis was carried out. Findings: The study showed that most observed classes had satisfactory classroom arrangement, teacher competence and classroom illumination. However, many observed classrooms were found with inadequate classroom arrangements and disturbing physical environment. There is a severe lack about effective use of need-based equipment, assistive aids, low-vision devices, lesson plans, student portfolios and any record of Students’ previous performance. Implications/Originality/Value: The study suggested that special education institutions should make all lacking facilities available. Refresher courses should be provided to teachers to improve their personality and teaching skills. The presence of Students’ portfolios and lesson plans should be assured.

Building Character Through Teaching Literature to Children who are in Trouble with the Law

This research aims to build character through teaching literature to children who had problems with the law at the Special Children's Development Institute (LPKA) Maros, South Sulawesi. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a field study approach with a deductive model in understanding the research problem. The data source in this research is the Head of the Child Convict Development Section of LPKA Maros and Andikpas (Correctional Students), totaling 45 men. The results of this research show that through teaching literature Andikpas' desires can be known. The most dominant desire while at LPKA is to gather with parents or family. From this literature teaching, it can be seen that Andikpas has the most impressive objects while at LPKA. These objects include a toothbrush (plate), bet ( beater used in table tennis), television, Al-Quran, books, guitar, and photos. These objects will be a reminder of the past to look to the future for Andikpas, to do better and even become creative individuals amidst advances in technology and information. Of the seven most impressive objects, Andikpas stated that the ompreng was the most dominant.

Ophthalmological research in Germany: suggestions by an international expert panel.

To evaluate the research performance in ophthalmology in Germany based on the findings of the recent research map of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG) and to suggest strategies for future improvements on anational level both to DOG as well as to politics. The focus is on preclinical and translational clinical research. International expert panel evaluation and discussion organized by the Task Force Research of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG). The international view on the German ophthalmological research landscape was generally positive. The value for money relationship was judged as very good. As Germany is facing an aging society and vision impairment will create an ever-increasing socioeconomic burden, the reviewers suggested several lines of future activities: an increased activity of securing intellectual property, more lay audience lobbying, intensified collaboration and critical mass building between "lighthouses" of ophthalmic research in Germany, as well as the establishment of aGerman national eye institute equivalent. The ophthalmological research performance in Germany was rated to be very good by an international expert panel. Nonetheless significant improvements were requested in the fields of translation (clinical trials, IP), synergy between specialized institutions and governmental funding for aGerman center for eye research.

Az adatokra épülő zeneterápia

Data-based music therapy is associated with the name of Suzanne B. Hanser (1999), a music therapist from California, who supported the developmental effect of music with the results of her clinical research. Her publication entitled The New Music Therapist's Handbook is a guide to the organization, planning, implementation, and evaluation of this music therapy model. Since data-based music therapy is an objective, clear and goal-oriented model. There is an indispensable part of this model and basic conditions in the application of it in the precisely defined preparation, intervention and measurement moments. However, strict planning and organization become the main virtue of the model when evaluating the results achieved, as it provides accurate and irrefutable results. The data obtained this way, represent the totality of the results of observations and experiments.The main pillars of the model are the following: observation, goal-oriented planning, implementation, and objective measurement. An objective and completely clear evaluation of music therapy is provided by the measurements specified in the model. The calculation of the reliability rate and its expression as a percentage, as well as the baseline observation, are complemented by the narrative report of the music therapy supervisor with a description and evaluation of the achieved musical and non-musical therapeutic goals. This article to present describes the application of data-based music therapy in the case of a juvenile with special educational needs studying in special educational institutions.

Analysis of Chinese Environmental Legal System and International Legal Frameworks on Supporting Green and Low-Carbon Development

The aim of this study is to analyze the Chinese legal system and international legal frameworks on supporting green and low-carbon development, one of the strategies adopted to achieve sustainable development while effectively addressing climate change. However, different projects and measures supporting green and low-carbon development may affect one another if legal and policy measures are not well established and implemented. Globally, different international instruments highlight various commitments that guide the implementation of green and low-carbon development. At the domestic level, China has numerous plans and policies aimed at achieving these goals, and both international and domestic measures on green and low-carbon development are interdependent. This study found that China has different environmental laws that can advance green and low-carbon development. However, these laws often lack specific references to “green and low-carbon development,” a phrase that appears primarily in policies. This gap may lead to a lack of coherence between those policies and the absence of specific institutions dedicated to these goals. This study recommends that specific laws can be enacted from different existing Chinese plans and policies to ensure a coherent and long-term framework for green and low-carbon development. With the existence of such a law, responsible institutions will be established, and the enforcement of policies and plans related to green and low-carbon development will be ensured.

A decade of international diversity in collaborative research published in highly ranked accounting journals

PurposeThis study examines the patterns of international diversity in collaborative research published in highly ranked accounting journals.Design/methodology/approachWe examine four types of collaborations: regional, inter-regional, European national and European international. The empirical study is based on 4,033 articles published in 13 journals between 2010 and 2019. Social network analyses were carried out for the inter-regional and the European international collaborations.FindingsThe broad analysis of the regional and inter-regional collaborations reveals not only significant differences between the non-North American journals and the North American but also important dissimilarities among the non-North American journals. The analysis of the European collaborations reveals significant differences between the journals where the UK institutions play a significant role in leading a network of European researchers and the journals where the Dutch and/or German institutions also play a significant role in another network as European leaders in terms of research.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough it reveals the patterns of internationalization of the highly ranked accounting journals, and offers some insights regarding why such patterns exist, it does not assess co-authorship networks with regard to the authors' orientation in terms of methods and research topics. We acknowledge that the networks amongst authors should also be influenced by the specific PhD-granting institutions. However, we let the data speak to these points, showing how journals differ in publication patterns. Not all highly ranked journals in accounting have the same networks and patterns of co-authorship. Another limitation pertains to the limited aspect of diversity it focuses on, that of geographical diversity. Furthermore, our analyses do not speak directly to the nationalities of the authors, but to the country in which the publication was granted at the time of the paper's publication.Practical implicationsOur findings show that the patterns of international diversity in all the types of collaborations under examination in the highly ranked accounting journals vary across different groups of journals. The “North-American or North-American inspired journals” (Guthrie et al., 2019, p. 12) have the highest level of geographical concentration and the North American universities/institutions contribute with the majority of the papers. The “non-North American journals” – the leading journals for critical, interpretive and interdisciplinary approaches (Hussain et al., 2020) and those which are more acceptive of these latter approaches – have a lower level of geographic concentration of the papers and there is a broader set of regions and countries involved, including North American countries, the UK and two Continental European countries (Germany and the Netherlands).Originality/valueOur study shows empirically that the patterns of international diversity in all the types of collaborations under examination in the highly ranked accounting journals vary across different groups of journals, revealing not only significant differences between the North American and non-North American journals in accounting, but also showcasing how the non-North American journals present a lot more heterogeneity. We also believe the analysis of the European case is a noteworthy contribution of this study given existing accounting literature fails in acknowledging European diversity.