Special Education Institutions Research Articles

Doing Things-Out-Of-Love: Rearing Children with Special Needs from the Lens of their Parents

Owing to the importance of parents as partners of teachers in Special Education (SPED) institutions, various scientific explorations were conducted to understand the parents` experiences in dealing with their children with special needs. Among these, there is a dearth of studies that unveiled the experiences of parents in the upland municipalities of the Philippines towards the development of responsive interventions tailored to the parents` needs. This prompted the investigation in Rosario Elementary School - Special Education Center, Cervantes District to determine the parents` challenges in dealing with their children with special needs and their coping as insights in the development of a practical intervention. This endeavor utilized the Qualitative Method with Case Study as its design. It considered total enumeration to comprehensively depict the picture of the parents` experiences. Using an interview protocol, data were gathered and analyzed thematically. After the analyses of the transcripts, the study revealed that parents face emotional stress, financial constraints, communication obstacles, and a lack of methods to employ for their children`s acquisition of academic skills and basic life skills. They cope by being optimistic, empathetic, resourceful, and hardworking. A SPED – Based Parental Convergence Program was developed tailored to the findings. Through parents` kind hearts, they thrive every day despite the challenges they encounter. However, they need to be armed with various supports from a pool of experts, concerned authorities, and their fellow parents for them to be more productive. Further, studies may be conducted to validate the study`s findings.

Психологическая сепарация от родителей в юношеском возрасте в контексте ценностных и смысловых ориентаций

<p style="text-align: justify;">Relevance. The problem of psychological separation in adolescence comes up against many contradictions, such as high demands of society to the young generation and difficulties on the way to comply with them (prolongation of the adolescent period, dependence on parents, personal immaturity, infantilism, instability of axiological orientations, etc.). Aim. The goal is to study the relationship between the level of separation anxiety, components of psychological separation from parents and axiological and life–purpose orientations in adolescence. Materials and methods. Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire ASA–27, adapted by A.A. Dityuk Hoffman’s questionnaire of psychological separation, D.A. Leontyev’s test of life–purpose orientations, E.B. Fantalova’s «Level of Value and Availability Ratio in Different Life Spheres». Sampling: 98 students of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions at the age of 17–21 years (52% boys and 48% girls). Results and conclusions. Components of psychological separation from parents in adolescence is uneven; psychological separation from parents has been partially completed. Separation from the mother is more pronounced than from the father. Separation anxiety is expressed to a moderate degree. The conflicting style of separation prevails. Attitudinal separation from parents has been achieved to a greater extent affective and behavioral separations are insufficiently formed; in boys and girls, pronounced separation anxiety is associated with unformed life–purpose orientations and motivational and personal integration in the «value–availability» plane in the areas of «happy family life», «materially secure life», «freedom»; incomplete separation from the mother and the presence of meaning in life for her children are interconnected; incomplete separation from the father is associated with the present life–meaning crisis in his children.</p>

READINESS OF TEACHERS OF GEOGRAFHY OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC TO USE THE ELECTRONIC MANUAL WITH IT SUPPORT

The purpose of the article is to highlight the level of readiness of teachers of geography of special schools of the Slovak Republic (on the example of 14 of special and inclusive education institutions of the Košice Region) to the use of an electronic didactic manual on IT support. Teachers of the Department of Special Pedagogy of the Pedagogical Faculty of the Catholic University in Ruzomberok together with teachers of the geography of special schools prepared an electronic didactic manual on IT support taking into account modern requirements to the level of knowledge, abilities and psychophysical capabilities of school children with special education needs. The manual has helped to raise the level of geographical learning among school children of special school. The convincing results of the pedagogical experiment are described in the previous article «Using a didactic tool with IT-support for teaching geography in a special school in Slovakia». However, in the course of studying the question the researchers concluded that success in the work depends on the level of readiness of the teacher for this work. Namely, the presence of interest and motivation to the introduction of innovative forms of training for the subjects of the education process the attitude of the teacher to the organization of the education process, the level of professional training (possession of the means and technologies of training). To obtain objective and unbiased results Google Form has conducted a survey of teachers of geography. The first set of questions – the reference one – provided an opportblocky to explain the answers of the second set of questions – the informative one. The statistical processing of the survey results supports the assumption that the quality of the IT-supported e-manual is largely dependent on the teacher’s readiness. The results also show that the majority of teachers of geography surveyed are well aware of the benefits of this teaching tool and are now ready to put the manual into practice. However, due to the rapid progress in the use of information and communication technologies the teachers of special schools do not deny the need to improve their professional knowledge of the use of ICT in postgraduate teacher training.

Cambodia’s Inclusive Education Development from 1953 to 2024: A Literature Review

Cambodia, like many other nations globally, has instituted policies for inclusive education and crafted an educational strategic plan to foster advanced knowledge and professional ethics among individuals with disabilities. The evolution of Cambodia's inclusive and special educational institutions has been influenced by colonization, political ideologies, and global economic trends. This paper thoroughly examines the trajectory of inclusive education across six phases of political change, assessing the achievements and shortcomings of each regime in implementing inclusive education as a driver for national development. Drawing on a comprehensive review of scholarly articles, the research is a valuable resource for scholars, educators, and policymakers aiming to enhance their understanding of Cambodia's history in special and inclusive education. It emphasizes the need for reforms to ensure equal educational opportunities and academic success for students with disabilities.

Key Roles and Strategies of Teachers in Strengthening Home-School Cooperation in the Education of Children with Autism

As the special group of autistic children gradually receives attention from society, the issue of special education for autistic children has gradually attracted the attention of all sectors of society and teachers. In particular, educational institutions should make effective use of the cooperation between school and family, to solve the problems and difficulties encountered by autistic children in teaching. Through extensive literature reading and research, This study identifies the difficulties that autistic children may encounter in specific educational institutions, and analyzes the impact of the model of home-school cooperation on the education of such special children.Then gives specific suggestions from these three parts. It was found that home-school co-operation in special education institutions can effectively help autistic children to solve the difficulties encountered in their education, as well as help teachers to solve the difficulties encountered in their education. As the key person in home-school co-operation, the educational development of autistic children can be effectively promoted through effective communication with parents in many aspects. Thus, autistic children can better receive excellent education.

«Арктические» средние специальные учебные заведения в 1950–1960-е годы: специализация учащихся, характеристика преподавательского состава (на примере Коми АССР)

Based on the materials of the annual reports of secondary specialized educational institutions, the specializations in which specialists were trained in technical schools and colleges operating in the territory of the Komi ASSR within the borders of the modern Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are identified. The chronologically presented study covers the 1950s–1960s. Besides, the paper provides a detailed description of the teaching staff of the “Arctic” secondary specialized educational institutions at the specified time, in particular, the number, educational level and work experience of teachers. The conclusion is made about the training of specialists in the studied educational institutions in a wide range of specialities, the list of which has increased significantly over the period outlined. This process would not have been possible without a solid team of highly qualified teachers.

Prospects for the development of the system of architectural and planning organisation of special preschool education institutions in Ukraine

The publication considers the prospects for the development of the main aspects of reforming the legislative and regulatory framework of Ukraine's special preschool education institutions, which needs to be modernized, in relation to the needs of children's inclusive groups. Four main aspects are identified: regulatory, financial and economic, architectural and planning, and socio-cultural. According to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as of 2020, there are 101 special preschool education institutions, but many of them lack comfort and inclusiveness. The study also identified the main problems that hinder the introduction of the necessary changes: insufficient number of institutions, inadequate planning, and lack of opportunities for inclusive education. Recommendations include increasing funding, modernizing infrastructure, and implementing inclusive education. Special preschool education institutions are an important part of the education system for people with special needs in Ukraine. They provide early detection, diagnosis, correction and preparation of children with various developmental disabilities for studying in general education schools. However, the existing system of special preschool education requires significant improvement and modernization, in particular in terms of architectural and planning organization of special institutions. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in Ukraine, the theoretical and practical foundations for the design and construction of special preschool institutions have not been sufficiently developed, which would take into account the specifics of their functioning, the needs and capabilities of children with special needs, requirements for accessibility, comfort, safety, aesthetics and energy efficiency.

Examination of Academic Human Resource Management Policies of Private Special Education Institutions and Rehabilitation Centers

This research aims to examine the human resource management policies of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers based on the managers’ views. The basic qualitative research design was adopted in the research. The participants of the study consisted of managers of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers operating in the province of Adıyaman. Criterion sampling technique was adopted in determining the participants. In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 managers of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers. The data obtained from the interviews with managers has been analyzed through content analysis. In the research, the opinions of the institution managers regarding the teacher employment process of their institutions were discussed under the themes of "employment criteria“, “employment process," and "problems encountered in the employment process." Policies for teacher development were examined under the themes of "personal development" and "professional development", while policies for teacher integration were examined under the themes of "rewarding". Policies for teacher evaluation were studied under the themes of "in-house evaluation" and "external evaluation". According to research results, the policies that shape the employment process are related to the nature of pre-service education and the professional and academic qualifications of teacher candidates. Additionally, based on the views of school administrators, it has been concluded that the shortage of subject experts is one of the problems encountered in the human resources management process of teacher employment. However, it has been stated that career planning and policies for professional development are insufficient in the process of teacher training and development, and teacher evaluation policies are shaped within the framework of internal and external evaluation criteria.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN CHUVASHIA (1920s – 1950s)

In the realities of modern times, a big problem for Russia is the shortage of young professional personnel. Important suppliers of workers are secondary vocational educational institutions. In order to understand how the process of “growing” in-demand specialists occurs, researchers are faced with a number of pressing questions. First of all, it is necessary to find out which educational institutions train personnel in what areas and professions? Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the development of the secondary vocational education system in the 1920s – 1950s using the example of one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation – the Chuvash Republic. Materials and methods. The scientific and theoretical basis of the article is headed by the scientific principles of historicism, objectivity, social approach, alternativeness, which fundamentally reflect the study of various processes taking into account the dynamic development and interaction of elements. Research results. An independent stage in the development of the education system and secondary vocational education was associated with the proclamation of Soviet power in the country and the creation of the Chuvash Autonomous Region in 1920. In Chuvashia, there was a need to create independent educational institutions. Technical schools became the most relevant type of educational institutions. In the 1930s. There is an increase in the number of secondary specialized educational institutions, which contributed to the growth in the number of specialized personnel. The training of new specialists was carried out at enterprises in Chuvashia, as well as at special courses. The impetus for increasing the rate of training of workers from among the Chuvash population was the opening of factory apprenticeship schools and workers’ faculties. In the 1940s Schools for working youth were created, and evening schools for rural youth began to function. Conclusions. In modern conditions, secondary vocational education is a sought-after level of education, within which personnel are trained in applied professions, which Chuvashia clearly needs. It is no coincidence that over the more than 100-year period of its development, the republic has created a whole complex of secondary specialized institutions, most of which continue to produce specialists. The first such institutions began to form in the 1920s and 1930s. This period included many difficulties in the education system, which was largely due to the lack of professional teachers and difficulties in the logistics of the social sphere. The period of the end of the Second World War created a new impetus for the opening of vocational education organizations, which was associated with the restoration of the state’s economy. By the early 1950s. There were 22 such educational institutions in the republic, which became an important link in the education system of Chuvashia.

Professional training of teachers for preschool children in the Tambov region (1918-1941)

Introduction. In the context of the ongoing modernization of Russian education, during the implementation of national projects ”Demography”, ”Education” with the opening of new educational institutions, there is an acute shortage of not only school, but also preschool teachers. Along with the tasks of ensuring accessibility of preschool education, updating the content and improving the quality of preschool education, the problem of professional training of teaching staff has become urgent. The training of preschool specialists to solve the personnel issue of the region has been carried out in the Tambov region since the inclusion of preschool education in the state public education system. During this time, a great deal of theoretical and practical experience has been accumulated, which is advisable to rethink and use at a new stage in the implementation of this area of state policy in the field of preschool education. Materials and methods. The main sources of the research were materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, published sources and periodicals. Results. A retrospective analysis of the system of professional training of preschool teachers in the Tambov region in the period from 1918 to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War was carried out. The characteristics of various types of educational institutions that train preschool specialists in the Tambov region are given, giving an idea of the formation of a state multi-level system of professional pedagogical training of specialists in preschool education: training in short-term and long-term courses, in pedagogical technical schools, in universities. Attention is focused on the dependence of the duration, forms, methods and content of professional training on changes in the directions of state policy, as well as under the influence of socio-economic conditions of life in the country. Conclusion. It is concluded that in the Tambov region in the period from 1918 to 1941, professional training was carried out, first of all, for practical workers of preschool institutions (kindergarten teachers and workers of children's summer playgrounds) through the organization of course training, as well as in secondary specialized educational institutions (since 1923). The experience of university training was short-lived (1918- 1923) and was associated with the opening and subsequent reorganization of Tambov State University.

The Application of Body Rhythm in Music Therapy - Taking the Experience of Autistic Children as An Example

According to the data of 2021, the number of autistic people in China exceeds 10 million, and the number of autistic children exceeds 2 million. However, there is no specialisation in autism rehabilitation and intervention in the domestic education system, and most practitioners receive training only after joining the profession. In the new period of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the state has put forward new guidance for the development of the autism industry, and the number of special education institutions and practitioners has increased rapidly, but at the same time, they are also facing the bottleneck of the application of diversified methods of rehabilitation therapy, and the insufficient construction of the accreditation system and standardisation, and other problems. Based on the concept of music therapy and the scientific theories required for the rehabilitation of children with special needs, the study explores the integration of the role of music and rehabilitation interventions, combining musical elements with the practice of somatic rhythms, and paving the way for medical rehabilitation after long-term planned training, promoting physical coordination, exercising imitation and observation skills. The assessment system for the application of body movement derived from the practice is summarised to provide reference for the service model and future development of children with special needs.

The Information Culture Level of Uzbekistan Students at Islamic Studies College

This article describes information culture in the modern period and its distinctive characteristics. Researchers have looked into the social elements that lead students at a special Islamic educational college to lack a critical approach to selecting the necessary information. The author also presented a number of suggestions and recommendations in this area, based on the idea that future imams must acquire information culture. The article in the Information Society examines in detail the necessity of the efficient use of information in the field of education and makes sure that information is circulated quickly and of high quality within the education system, which becomes the primary criterion for the advancement and development of the nation. The primary determinants of the information culture creation of secondary specialized Islamic education students are elucidated. Every student and adolescent in the twenty-first century must adhere to the fundamentals of information culture; issues with its application in the classroom and, naturally, fostering a more positive Internet culture are emphasized. The scholarly essay provides an examination of research done on how students in secondary specialized educational institutions use social media and the Internet. The development of students' information cultures in secondary specialized Islamic educational institutes has not been researched at all; this is a scientific study conducted in Uzbekistan as well as all of Central Asia. Information culture of students studying in secondary specialized Islamic educational colleges has been thoroughly defined and formed into formation standards

Funding of Special Education in a Depressed Economy: Sociological Perspective

Funding is very critical for the sustainability of special education. Funding aids in the realization of special educational objectives. Funding of special education is affected under depressed economy. This paper looked at the concept of funding, concept of depressed economics and the concept of alternatives sources. This paper also discussed various alternatives sources of funding options available for special education in a depressed economy. Relying on secondary data that were collected from print and online publications, the paper identified public private partnerships (PPPs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs), international development agencies, community partnership, donations from individuals and charitable organisations, endowment funds, old boy association partnership as some of the alternatives sources of funding available for funding of special education in a depressed economy. Based on this, the paper recommended that special education managers should embrace public private partnerships (PPPs) model, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) strategy, international development agencies strategy, community partnership strategy, donations from individuals and charitable organisations strategy, endowment funds strategy and old boy association partnership strategy to raise more fund to administer the special education institutions in the economy depressed era.

Prevalence of Coccydynia among Wheelchair Users Due to Prolong Sitting

Background: Coccydynia, characterized by pain in or around the coccyx, is a condition that is particularly prevalent among wheelchair users due to prolonged sitting. Previous studies have highlighted various factors contributing to coccydynia, including extended sitting on hard surfaces, obesity, and gender-specific susceptibility. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coccydynia among wheelchair users, with a focus on identifying key risk factors such as prolonged sitting, gender, and sitting surface hardness. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized convenience sampling to gather data from 250 wheelchair users across private/government special education institutes, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and homes in the South Punjab region. Participants aged 15-60 years using a wheelchair for more than one year were included, excluding those with spinal cord injuries, spina bifida, coccyx fractures, sensory loss, psychological issues, or postpartum women. Data was collected via a self-structured questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, focusing on frequencies, percentages, cross-tabulation, and Chi-square tests. Results: The study found that 72.4% of participants experienced tailbone tenderness, with a significant association between longer wheelchair usage hours and increased tenderness (P < 0.001). A majority of participants (76%) reported tailbone pain, with 72.4% experiencing tenderness. The prevalence of coccydynia was higher in females, and most participants did not use a cushion despite the prolonged sitting. The pain was predominantly described as an ache/dull sensation (89.6%), and it worsened after prolonged sitting in 90.8% of cases. Conclusion: Coccydynia is a prevalent condition among wheelchair users, influenced by prolonged sitting, gender, and the hardness of the sitting surface. The study emphasizes the need for educational interventions, ergonomic wheelchair designs, and the usage of specialized cushions to mitigate the risk and alleviate symptoms.

Experimental Work Of Development Of Information Culture Of Secondary Special Islamic Colleges

This article explains how information culture and its specific features in the modern era of information culture. The social factors that determine the lack of a critical approach to the selection of necessary information among students of a special Islamic educational college have been studied. Also, based on the fact that the acquisition of information culture is a vital necessity for future imams, the author made a number of proposals and recommendations in this regard. In the article in the information society, ensuring fast and high-quality circulation of information in the education system becomes the main criterion for the progress and development of the country, and also analyzes in detail the need for the effective use of information in the field of education. The main factors determining the level of formation of the information culture of students of secondary specialized Islamic education are explained. In the XXI century, every student, every teenager must meet the basic criteria of information culture; the problems of its use in the educational process and, of course, improving the culture of using the Internet are highlighted. The scientific article presents an analysis of studies conducted on the culture of using the Internet and social networks among students studying in secondary specialized educational institutions. This is a scientific study not only in Uzbekistan, but also in all countries of Central Asia; the formation of the information culture of students in secondary specialized Islamic educational colleges has not been studied at all. Formation criteria have been developed and explained in detail information culture of students studying in secondary specialized Islamic educational colleges.

Teacher Personality Competence According to KH. Ahmad Dahlan and Ki Hadjar Dewantara: a Comparative Study

A personality that is religious, mature, stable, diligent and so on will have a great influence on the educational process and in shaping the soul of students. Because the teacher is a figure who must be able to hear his words and exemplify his behavior. As educational figures as well as teachers, both KH Ahmad Dahlan and Ki Hadjar Dewantara paid great attention to the personality of teachers. Both established special educational institutions for teacher regeneration. By using library research as a data collection technique and with a historical approach, this research concludes that the teacher's personality competence according to KH Ahmad Dahlan is shown by the attitude of having the right faith, being sincere in educating, being humble, always purifying oneself (tazakiyah an-nafs), and having the courage to make sacrifices.

The Degree of Application of Language Activities in Autistic Children and Their Relationship in Improving Verbal Expression Skills in Special Education Centers in Jordan

<p style="text-align: justify;">The study sought to determine the degree to which autistic children used language activities and their relevance to increasing verbal expression abilities in Jordanian special education institutions. The descriptive-analytical technique was used in the investigation. The two dimensions were utilized to represent the instrument through a set of 27 statements. The participants included 200 instructors from special education centers in Amman, Jordan's capital. The study's findings revealed a high level of application of linguistic activities among autistic children in Jordanian special education programs. Their ability to express themselves verbally improved significantly as well. The findings also revealed a statistically significant positive link between the extents to which autistic children applied language exercises and the improvement of verbal expression abilities in special education institutions.</p>

Enhancing Reading Skills in EFL Young Learners with Mild Intellectual Disabilities through Music Intervention

Children with Intellectual Disability (ID) often encounter challenges in developing crucial cognitive-linguistic functions, particularly reading comprehension skills. Moreover, music therapy has demonstrated effectiveness across diverse subjects and participant groups. Examining the existing literature on the influence of music therapy on the improvement of language skills among EFL young learners with mild intellectual disabilities in the Iranian context reveals a noticeable scarcity of research in this area. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate the influence of music on the reading comprehension abilities of Iranian EFL primary learners with mild intellectual disabilities using an experimental design. To this end, thirty-five participants were recruited from a special education institution. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine potential statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups. The findings revealed a significant improvement in post-reading test scores among students in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. Moreover, no statistically significant differences emerged when analyzing the data based on gender and age stratifications. These results provide valuable insights for stakeholders, emphasizing the efficacy of incorporating music to enhance reading comprehension in children with mild intellectual disabilities.

Methods for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption using the property of the exponent function when studying Physics in the system of secondary vocational education

In accordance with the educational standards of the Federal State Educational Standard for Secondary Professional Education, it is intended to familiarize students of professional educational organizations with the properties of radioactive radiation, their practical applications, as well as with some concepts of dosimetry and protection from such radiation.The relevance of this research can be debated for a very long time. But in light of recent events it is obvious.A thorough mastery of all this material is impossible without studying the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation.The research problem: the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation are expressed using the exponential function N=N_0 e^(-λt) and i=Ie^(-μχ) and are usually not presented in the course of Physics in secondary specialized educational institutions. At best, an appropriate schedule is drawn, but without justification. It seems that this is caused by two reasons: firstly, when writing the exponent function, the base of natural logarithms is used – the number e, which is unknown to intermediate students; secondly, the above laws are usually derived by solving differential equations, which is far beyond the scope of the mathematics curriculum. Meanwhile, both of these difficulties can be easily overcome by using the properties of the exponential function known to students of secondary vocational education.The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption, using the properties of the exponential function; to conduct a pedagogical experiment in order to identify the problem of students’ mastery of the proposed material.The research methods used are theoretical justification; calculation; comparison of quantities; graphical analysis of experimental data; generalization of the experimental factors of the study and their explanation.The research results: a methodology has been developed for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of radiation absorption using the property of the exponential function; the result of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the developed methodology.Key conclusions: from the proposed article we can conclude that the presented method for deriving the law of radioactive decay and the law of absorption of radiation using the property of the exponent function can be used by teachers when studying the section «Radioactive Radiation» for both students of professional educational organizations and school students (advanced level).

KÜLÖN? EGYÜTT? MERRE TOVÁBB?

In the history of special education in Hungary, after the establishment and successful operation of segregated special education institutions with a long history, public education has come to many forms of co-education, the paths of which are still not unhindered. These problems point to the need for many changes in the way the education system works. Without constant and permanent development of teachers and innovative innovations in learning methods, success can hardly be expected. But there are other important issues to be addressed. The present study focuses primarily on the direction in which trends can be found in the light of the past. While exploring the current issues, we would like to provide a new framework for interpretation by highlighting and linking some of the results of two recently completed studies (Szabóné, 2022; Trembulyák, 2022) and by placing them in the context of the topic of the study. The study also aims to draw attention to the current trend that the school life of pupils with special educational needs who have participated in co-education at the primary level becomes more difficult as they progress to secondary education. This can significantly reduce not only their career choices but also their opportunities for successful social integration.