Special Diet Research Articles

School Nutrition Professionals' Experiences with Food Safety and Special Diets in School Meals during the Initial COVID-19 Pandemic

Federally funded school meals, such as the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program, can help alleviate food insecurity. Meals served as part of these programs are required by law to be modified when medically necessary, such as food allergies and special diets. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused many schools across the United States to close, but schools quickly modified meal-serving models. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of school nutrition professionals relative to food safety and providing special diets through modified serving models. A survey was distributed to a convenience sample of child nutrition professionals via social media recruitment and e-mails (n = 504). The survey had both closed-ended questions and one open-ended question exploring food safety and special diet accommodations. At the time of the survey, most respondents (68.3%) had been involved in COVID-19 emergency feeding for 3 to 4 weeks. Results indicated that although most child nutrition professionals did not find food safety easier or more difficult during the initial onset of COVID-19, 34.8% of respondents were not taking food temperatures for hot and cold meals during meal service and were not able to obtain (or did not have enough) equipment necessary for holding hot foods (53.0%). Most respondents (60.2%) also indicated that they were not accommodating children with special diets. Themes from the qualitative analysis indicated participants had challenges obtaining specialty items, had little time to make accommodations, or had a limited supply from vendors to accommodate these diets. To prevent food insecurity and to maintain health during the pandemic, specific solutions for at-risk populations, such as those who experience food allergies, must be considered.

Evaluation of inflammatory and metabolic impairments regarding depression dimensions: a case control study

BackgroundPatients with depression are at a higher risk of developing serious medical problems such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, increasing the burden of depression and worsening its outcome.Recent studies revealed the presence of low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic impairments which are playing an important role in the development of these medical problems among patients with depression.It should be noted that not all patients with depressive disorder have these immune or metabolic impairments.The study aims to evaluate inflammatory and metabolic impairments among patients with depression through categorizing patients with depression into four dimensional profilers which are (1) atypical energy-related symptom dimension, (2) melancholic dimension, (3) childhood trauma dimension, and (4) anxious distress dimension.Also, the current study will evaluate inflammatory and metabolic impairments among patients with depression and a control group.ResultsThis study highlights that of the patients with metabolic impairments (including hypertension, impaired glycemic control, low/high-density lipoprotein, elevated triglycerides, and central obesity), all of them had reported significantly higher scores in the atypical, energy-related symptom dimension.Also, patients with impaired glycemic control had reported significantly (p < 0.001) high scores in the anxious distress symptom dimension.While patients with inflammatory impairment (serum CRP > 3 mg/L) had significantly (p = 0.009) reported higher scores in the childhood trauma symptom dimension.In addition, statistically significant metabolic and inflammatory impairments are detected among the depression cases group in comparison with the control group.ConclusionsThis study found that patients with depression presented by atypical, energy-related symptoms were at a higher risk of metabolic impairments than other depression profilers.Also, patients of the Anxious distress symptom dimension reported significant impaired glycemic control.In addition, patients with depression of the childhood trauma dimension were associated with high levels of inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein).Potential implicationsThese results can be applied clinically to improve treatment and prognosis in patients with depression. For example, depressed patients with atypical, energy-related symptoms should increase their daily physical activities and exercise, and they should follow a special diet. Also, anti-inflammatory medications could be added to depressed patients of the childhood trauma dimension.

The Effect of Cardiac Diet Counseling on Knowledge of Heart Diet in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Patients at Prof.Dr.H Aloei Saboe Hospital, Gorontalo City

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart fails to pump blood to meet the needs of the body's cells for adequate nutrition and oxygen, so a special cardiac diet is required in patient care. The design of this study used pre-experimental designs one group pretest-posttest, sampling using purposive sampling, obtained 25 respondents, then given cardiac diet counseling. The results showed that the p value was 0.000 (p &lt;0.05), which means that there is a significant effect. It can be concluded that there is an effect of cardiac diet counseling on knowledge of cardiac diet in patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). So it is hoped that cardiac dietary counseling should be given to increase knowledge of cardiac diet in CHF patients, both those undergoing intensive care and outpatient care at the cardiac polyclinic.

Prevalence and characteristics of multivitamin-multimineral (MVMM) use among Saudi populations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Use of multivitamin multimineral (MVMM) preparations is prevalent and growing worldwide, contributing to major health expenditure. Minimal literature on prevalence and characteristics of MVMM use is available from Saudi Arabia.The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MVMM use among Saudi population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.A cross-sectional study was conducted at 6 shopping malls located in the different regions of Riyadh city for 6 months from February 01, 2019, to July 31, 2019. A well-structured English questionnaire was developed, translated into Arabic language, and validated by the experts. A pertinent inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. After having informed consent to be included in the study, the printed copies of the questionnaire were distributed among the participants using a convenient sampling technique. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were presented as numbers, percentages, means, and standard deviations. A P value of ≤.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to report the statistical significance.Out of 1200 surveys distributed, 1105 were returned by the participants (response rate 92%). Prevalence of MVMM supplements use turned out to be 47%. The study revealed statistically significant association between MVMM use and gender, marital status, education, regular exercise, smoking, following special diet, and eating fruits and vegetables (P ≤ .05). Majority of the participants used MVMM on daily basis (57.9%), and hospital prescriptions (57.9%) were the most common reason of MVMM use. Majority of the participants used MVMM for diet supplements (32.2%), health promotion (29.4%), and treatment of disease (16%).The MVMM use is prevalent in Saudi population, warranting sound regulatory policies for their judicial use and increase awareness about the benefits and side effects of dietary supplements.

β-glucuronidase activity is associated with carbohydrate metabolism but not with androgen status in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between β-glucuronidase and androgen levels in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The connection between β-glucuronidase, the abundance of selected gut bacteria, carbohydrate metabolism, and diet quality was also determined. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 56 women with a mean age of 29.14 ± 5.11 y and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 34.15 ± 5.72 kg/m2. Anthropometrical parameters, fecal β-glucosidase activity, and selected food frequency intake were measured. ResultsWomen with better quality diets, apart from lower BMI and better carbohydrate metabolism parameters, had more abundant Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila. Two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT-2h-glu; mg/dL) was the main predictor of β-glucuronidase activity and there was no relationship between β-glucuronidase activity and androgen levels. Non-Healthy Diet Index-14 (nHDI-14) was the main predictor for A. muciniphila, Bifidobacteriu. longum, and F. prausnitzii abundance. QUICKI was a significant predictor of A. muciniphila abundance and OGTT-2h-glu was a significant predictor of F. prausnitzii abundance. ConclusionThere was no relationship between β-glucuronidase activity and androgen levels in overweight and obese women with PCOS, but β-glucuronidase activity may be an important factor in carbohydrate metabolism. Modulation of the abundances of F. prausnitzii, A. muciniphila, and B. longum using special diets should thus be considered a promising intervention.

Diet Composition and Objectively Assessed Sleep Quality: A Narrative Review

Insufficient sleep is highly prevalent in society and has tremendous negative health consequences. Despite the available treatments, there is continued demand for novel and natural strategies to promote better sleep. Dietary modifications could be a viable new target to improve sleep. A literature review using PubMed was conducted on studies that examined the relationship between diet composition (ie, macronutrients or special diets) and objectively assessed sleep quality. Twenty human studies (6 observational and 14 interventional) published between 1975 and March 2021 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The amount of dietary carbohydrates and fats was associated with both better and worse sleep quality indices. However, the type of carbohydrate and fat was an important factor in these associations, with diets higher in complex carbohydrates (eg, fiber) and healthier fats (eg, unsaturated) being associated with better sleep quality. Diets higher in protein were associated with better sleep quality. In general, diets rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and anti-inflammatory nutrients and lower in saturated fat (eg, Mediterranean diet) were associated with better sleep quality. The connection between diet and sleep quality warrants further investigation. Rigorous interventional studies of longer duration assessing the effects of whole foods, rather than isolated nutrients, and under free-living conditions, rather than in a research laboratory setting, as well as mechanistic studies are needed to better understand how dietary patterns relate to sleep quality. Future research could provide insights into whether dietary modifications could be an effective, personalized strategy for improving sleep quality in millions of Americans.

Criteria of Healthy Diet: Prevention and Additional Treatment of Chronic Diseases with Nutrition

Currently, people are very much concern about their health through the food that is balanced with all the essential nutrients needed for the maintenance of good health. For healthy diet followers food pyramid is basic principle throughout the world. Besides, there are such rules, which offer modern ways of applying opportunities (e.g. choosing proper kitchen technology). Thus, they can also help with preventing diseases and treating or curing them. These chronic, non-infectious diseases comprise obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes and also digestion disorders due to sedentary lifestyles and lack of fibres. The corporate enterprises have a significant role in keeping special or healthy diet. It has almost become their obligation to manage healthy diet beside covering the consumers’ needs. We are concerned that getting to know healthy diet and modern kitchen technologies, and their practical application greatly contribute to our wellbeing.

Different Type of Samsarjana Krama and its Importance after Samshodhana Karma: A Review Article

In the Ayurveda the prime importance has been given to Shodhana karma for the complete elimination of the disease which includes Purva karma, Pradhana karma and Paschat karma. As the Purva karma helps to movement of the doshas and Pradhana karma helps to forceful elimination of doshas, Paschat karma has given the equal importance to retain the strength of the Agni. Samshodhana and Samshamana are the two types of treatment advised for the patient with vitiated Dosha, Dhatu, Agni or Mala, out of which Samshodhana is advisable to treat a patient for permanent cure. But after the Samshodhana Karma, Agni get disturbed and patient is likely to be weakened; therefore regular normal diet is not advisable. After the administration of Vamana Karma or Virechana Karma, a special diet regimen is to be followed called as Samsarjana Krama which means a proper sequence of Peya- Vilepi- Kritakrita Yusha- Kritakrita Mamsarasa. It is used to increase the Agni and to provide sequential nourishment to the patient from light diet to normal diet. The importance of Samsarjana Krama is to increase the strength of weakened Agni and body after Samshodhana Karma.

Associations Between Ultra-processed Foods Consumption and Indicators of Adiposity in US Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BackgroundUltra-processed foods represent a considerable part of the diet of US children and adolescents, yet their association with total, abdominal, and visceral overweight/obesity remains understudied. ObjectiveTo examine associations between dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods and total, abdominal, and visceral overweight/obesity in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. DesignCross-sectional analyses were performed on data collected from adolescents participating in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants/settingParticipants included 3587 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, who had data from at least 1 day of valid 24-hour dietary recall data. Main outcome measuresTotal overweight/obesity, abdominal overweight/obesity, and visceral overweight/obesity data were collected. Statistical analyses performedAll food items (grams per day) recorded in the 24-hour recalls were classified according to Nova. Multiple logistic regressions were used to evaluate associations between the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods (expressed in percentage of total grams per day) and outcomes. Multivariable models were adjusted for sociodemographic covariates, physical activity, total energy intake, whether the individual was following a special diet for weight loss, and indicators of the nutritional quality of the diet. ResultsIn multivariable analyses, the highest consumption of ultra-processed food was associated with 45%, 52%, and 63% higher odds of total, abdominal, and visceral overweight/obesity, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.03-2.06, P for linear trend = .040; OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06-2.18, P for linear trend = .026; OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.19-2.24, P for linear trend = .005, respectively), compared with the lowest consumption. A 10% increment in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with an increased risk of both abdominal overweight/obesity (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.13) and visceral overweight/obesity (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.13). ConclusionsStudy findings support the growing evidence of cross-sectional and prospective associations between ultra-processed foods and increased adiposity and also with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes of obesity in adolescence. Timely action to reduce the consumption of ultra-processed foods among adolescents is needed.

IMPACT OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES ON THE HAEMATOLOGY OF CHANNA PUNCTATA (BLOCH)

Noxious effect of pesticides is a matter of worldwide concern in the edible fishes. Present study was planned to monitor the Pyrethroid insecticides induced toxicity. To determine the extent of Pyrethroid toxicity in the exposed Channa punctata, haematological evaluation of blood was done. A sublethal concentration of the pyrethroid trioxide was given for 30 days. Fish were fed on special diet at the rate of 2% body weight. The hematological parameters such as TEC, Hb and PCV were significantly increased whereas ESR, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC values were decreased significantly in pyrethroid exposed fish. However, significant changes were observed only after 20 days (p

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Slovakia: Results of a National Population Survey

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Europe has intensely increased in recent decades. To acquire information about the patterns and trends of CAM use in Slovakia, a nationwide representative survey was conducted on Slovakian adult population. A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was administered to the general population of Slovakian residents aged 18 years and over. The respondents were interviewed face-to-face by professional interviewers. Data were collected during September 2019 as a part of an omnibus survey on a variety of subjects. Altogether, 82.4% of the respondents reported either regular CAM method use or the lifetime prevalence of such use. The most frequently reported group of methods were biologically based treatments (78.9%), followed by manipulative and body-based methods (54.4%), mind-body interventions (31.9%), whole medical systems (18.2%), and energy therapies (4.2%). Vitamins (71.1%), herbal teas (68.1%), massages (53.6%), religious healing (20.3%), and special diets (18.8%) were the five most commonly preferred CAM modalities. Female gender, higher income and higher education are significant predictors of CAM use. The study highlights the association between satisfaction with healthcare systems, health situations, and the use of CAM.

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Nutrition Facts Panel Use among Young Adults in the National Capital Region, Philippines.

This study identified the prevalence of Nutrition Facts Panel (NFP) use. It determined the factors associated with NFP use among young adults aged 19-30 years old in the National Capital Region (NCR). This analytical cross-sectional study collected data using a developed survey questionnaire. It was pretested to 32 respondents and administered online among young adults aged 19 to 30 years old residing in NCR at the time of the study, with a target sample size of 384. Convenience sampling was used to gather study participants. Nominal, ordinal, and interval data were summarized as frequencies and proportions. Mean and standard deviation were computed for ratio and interval data. Multiple logistic regression was used to test for the association to NFP use, reported as odds ratios. Study findings showed that the prevalence of NFP use among the respondents was 50.49% (95% CI: 44.64 - 54.81%). The factors found to be associated to NFP use were: 1) being a primary household food shopper (p-value= 0.029; OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.05-2.63), 2) having a special diet (p-value= 0.001; OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.62-7.14), 3) using nutritional supplements (p-value= 0.041; OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.02-2.25), 4) preparing food at home (p-value= 0.019; OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.08-2.49), and 5) engaging in physical activity (p-value< 0.001; OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.37-3.06) regularly. The findings show the need for improved nutrition education and promotion, especially in the NFP. The study recommended improvement in the study methodology and nutrition education programs. It suggested several research areas and topics to be explored.

On the Treatment of SARS-COV-2 Including Omicron Type

Objective: The aim of this research is to introduce new method of the treatment/control of Omicron Virus and answer some major questions regarding the cure of COVID-19 and the new type: Omicron. Background: We have selected 24 patients (12 females plus 12 males) aged from 15-64 years of old contaminated severe Omicron virus and used the novel methods on the treatment of these patients. Introduction: The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is a variant of SARS-CoV-2 which was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from South Africa on 24 November 2021. Omicron multiplies around 70 times faster than the Delta variant in the bronchi but some evidence suggests that it is less severe than previous strains, specifically compared to the Delta variant. Omicron might be less able to penetrate deep lung tissue. Omicron infections are 91 percent less fatal than the delta variant, with 51 percent less risk of hospitalization. Materials and Methods: The Omicron virus has strongly high rate of mutation compared with other kinds of Coronaviruses and therefore; cause severe symptoms of inflammation in the patients including lungs. In our research, all the patients were under unique control. They received HBO2T with 2% Ozone mixture with Oxygen in special cube. Also they had an injection of liquid ozone which dramatically declines the inflammation in all tissues. They had under strict diet of special Ketogenic diet to maintain their mitochondria to remain high metabolism to hamper the fatigue and tiredness. The had also gain supplements necessary for the disease. Results: The entire patient showed full recovery in 3 days, but they had fatigue and tiredness which we had to give them MTC oil 30 grams/day and coconut oil 30 grams/day as well which reduced the tiredness of the patients dramatically and remain their metabolism in a normal state. As a whole, all the patients recovered in 7 days without any symptoms including coughing, tiredness, fever and etc. Conclusion: Using the novel methodology of the treatment of SARS-CoV including Omicron had positive results on the patients. HBO2T plus specific Ozone therapy dramatically reduced the inflammation in all tissues of the patients. This novel method is a breakthrough in the science of Infectious Diseases including Omicron virus.

Therapeutic management of cystitis ascending to acute renal failure in a dog- a case report

A thirteen-year-old spayed female Doberman with a history of incontinence urination, blood at the end of urine stream for about three months. Clinical examination showed normal vital parameters with abnormal urine. Haemogram and serum biochemistry revealed severe anemia, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen and creatinine level, respectively. Ultrasonographic examination revealed thickened bladder wall indicating severe cystitis. The pale yellow, cloudy urine sample and urinary sediments revealed numerous neutrophils, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells. The urine sample was subjected to culture, and an anti-microbial susceptibility test showed the presence of a gram-negative coccobacillus organism. The organism in the urine sample was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and chloramphenicol while intermediately sensitive to cefotaxime and amikacin. The animal was diagnosed with cystitis with acute renal failure and was treated with ciprofloxacin, nephrotec, citralka, and advised to feed a special homemade renal diet. The dog has recovered with the given therapy, and renal values were also reduced.

NUTRITION SELECTION SYSTEM ACCORDING TO HEALTH INDICATORS

This article analyzes existing supplements that help people monitor their health and nutrition, and reveals important current issues that have received little attention so far. Eating disorders also include some developmental abnormalities that can be prevented by diet, disorders that respond to dietary treatment, food allergies and intolerances, potential food hazards, and the interaction of food and nutrients with medications. This web application is for people who have special diets due to illness, doctors' recommendations. The implementation involves analyzing the possibilities of developing a software system that allows you to track meals, give advice on diet planning and recommend recipes and products for the user's health indicators to be adjusted. Potential users of this software product will be primarily patients with eating disorders, but also those who simply need to change their diet for one reason or another, such as allergies, diabetics, etc. To control their diet, you can use a variety of tools that differ from each other in the degree of convenience and accessibility. The easiest way to control is to independently count the food eaten and record information about them. Today, there are many applications, both mobile and web applications, that are designed to monitor diet, pick up recipes or keep a diary of meals. The health nutrition web application is designed primarily to monitor your health and the fullness of all the necessary components of the food you eat, as recommended by your doctor. The essence of the application is that the user enters his basic data such as gender, age, height, weight, and optionally, for more accurate and useful recommendations, the presence of allergies, the presence of diseases or genetic predisposition to them, food preferences, increased / reduced test results (which may be affected by nutrition), recommendations of doctors, etc.

Diet Quality Indices in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in T2DM Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background:Dietary quality indices are practical as an instrument to investigate the extent of adhering to a special diet to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Considering the lack of any systematic review with regards to this issue, our aim was to examine observational studies to test the relationship between dietary quality indices and CVD risk factors in T2DM.Methods:Systematic search was performed in Web of knowledge, PubMed, Cochrane, Science direct, Google Scholar and Scopus databases from January 1990 to July 2020. The studies exploring the relationship between dietary quality indices (diet quality score (DQS), dietary diversity score (DDS), healthy diet indicator (HDI), healthy eating index (HEI), diet quality index (DQI), Mediterranean diet score (MDS)) and lipid profile, anthropometric indices, glucose profile as well as blood pressure were eligible to be included in this review. Overall, mean changes, odd ratio (RR), correlation coefficients, and beta coefficient of outcomes were extracted, with the quality assessment of studies performed applying The Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results:From among 1627 papers, 10 articles were included: Eight cross-sectional and two prospective (cohort) studies. The association between HEI as well as MDS and CVD risk factors was more evident in the included studies. Fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and waist circumference revealed the greatest inverse significant relationship with dietary quality indices in adults with T2DM.Conclusion:Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the level of CVD risk factors in T2DM decreases significantly with increase in the score of dietary quality indices. Further studies in future are required to confirm these findings.

ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

Introduction: the ESPEN guideline offers a multidisciplinary focus on clinical nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methodology: the guideline is based on a extensive systematic review of the literature, but relies on expert opinion when objective data are lacking or inconclusive. The conclusions and 64 recommendations have been subject to full peer review and a Delphi process, in which uniformly positive responses (agree or strongly agree) were required. Results: IBD is increasingly common and potential dietary factors in its etiology are briefly reviewed. Malnutrition is highly prevalent in IBD - especially in Crohn's disease. Increased energy and protein requirements are observed in some patients. The management of malnutrition in IBD is considered within the general context of support for malnourished patients. Treatment of iron deficiency (parenterally, if necessary) is strongly recommended. Routine provision of a special diet in IBD is not, however, supported. Parenteral nutrition is indicated only when enteral nutrition has failed or is impossible. The recommended perioperative management of patients with IBD undergoing surgery accords with general ESPEN guidance for patients having abdominal surgery. Probiotics may be helpful in UC but not in Crohn's disease. Primary therapy using nutrition to treat IBD is not supported in ulcerative colitis but is moderately well supported in Crohn's disease, especially in children, where the adverse consequences of steroid therapy are proportionally greater. However, exclusion diets are generally not recommended and there is little evidence to support any particular formula feed when nutritional regimens are constructed. Conclusions: available objective data to guide nutritional support and primary nutritional therapy in IBD are presented as 64 recommendations, of which 9 are very strong recommendations (grade A), 22 are strong recommendations (grade B), and 12 are based only on sparse evidence (grade 0); 21 recommendations are good practice points (GPP).

Survival strategies of producers involved in short food supply chains following the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic: A Hungarian case-study.

Survival strategies of producers involved in short food supply chains following the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic: A Hungarian case-study.

Food security, mental health, and socioeconomic status: A cross-sectional study among medical college students in central part of Iran, Kashan.

Background and AimsFood security is a complex and multidimensional issue that has been recognized as a serious public health problem all over the world for the past two decades. The present study was designed and conducted to determine the prevalence of food insecurity among college students at the Kashan University of Medical Sciences and some related factors including socioeconomic and mental health determinants.MethodsThe present study is a cross‐sectional study conducted on 358 students who were currently studying at the Kashan University of Medical Sciences. The students who were pregnant or had a special diet to follow were excluded. Samples were selected by the systematic method. Food security was measured using United States Department of Agriculture. Food Frequency Questionnaire, 21‐items Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and Socioeconomic Questionnaire were used to investigate the nutrients intake, depression/anxiety status, and socioeconomic factors, respectively. Chi‐square, independent t‐test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsBased on the findings of the present study, 16.8% of students experienced different levels of food insecurity, and 83.2% of participants were categorized as food secure. Gender, financial assistance, health insurance, depression, and students' occupation are associated with food insecurity (P < .05). Additionally, the results of the logistic regression analysis showed that depression (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01‐1.07), and students' jobs (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23‐0.80) have the greatest impact on students' food insecurity.ConclusionThe findings of the present study show that economic factors and gender have a significant impact on students' food security. Moreover, the association of food insecurity with mental disorders such as depression was demonstrated in the current study. However, we could not detect any significant association between daily energy intake and macronutrients which indicates the requirement for more detailed studies.

Development of freeze-dried products with frog meat for special diets: microbiological and sensory traits

Development of freeze-dried products with frog meat for special diets: microbiological and sensory traits