Special Buffer Research Articles

U-tube effect in well cementing on the Absheron peninsula

He article states that based on the processing of field data, it was found that when drilling wells on the Apsheron Peninsula, the average densities of drilling fluids fluctuate significantly, and when cementing a well, the density of the cement slurry is higher than the density of the drilling fluids. Therefore, under certain conditions, the U-tube effect or free fall occurs – this is a phenomenon during cementing, which results in a temporary loss of control over the fluid velocity and pressure in the annular space. The free fall effect occurs when the cement slurry is pumped into a casing filled with drilling fluid with a much lower density and begins to fall. It is not easy to control the flow rate in the annulus by using wellhead downhole adjustable fittings, and it results in additional pressure in the annulus, increasing the risk of loss of circulation. Using a downhole connection to control the flow inside the casing will cause additional obvious problems, so it is also a poorly effective solution The main problem during the cement slurry drop is the brief but important change that occurs in the flow velocity in the annulus. At this point, it is necessary to predict the annulus flow rate and calculate the annulus pressure to ensure that it does not exceed the fracture pressure in the open cementing interval. Predicting the flow rate in the annulus will also indicate whether it will fall outside the limits required for effective mud removal. It is necessary to predict this optimum flow-pressure regime based on the size of the annular space and the selected fluid rheology and density. Thus pore pressure, minimum hydrostatic pressure, minimum dynamic intervention pressure, maximum dynamic intervention pressure rock fracture pressure as it increases. The appearance of this effect indicates the need to make changes to the cement slurry pumping mode. It is shown that in other areas of the Apsheron Peninsula it is necessary to use special large-volume buffer fluids with a density approximately intermediate between drilling and cement slurries.

B-022 A New DNA Size-Selection Technology:Methods for Isolating, Capturing, and Recovery of Target Macromolecules by Gel Electrophoresis

Abstract Background The ability to recover DNA fragments in high quantity and purity from agarose gel is an important need for researchers in molecular biology laboratories for downstream applications such as testing and sequencing. There are multiple established methods and corresponding commercial products available at researchers’ disposal. Despite the availability of many methods, researchers often face a trade-off decision between fast and simple methods with low yield and poor DNA quality, and time-consuming and expensive methods with higher yields and better purity. Methods Gene Stix (ElectroSep) is a new system for recovery of DNA/RNA from an electrophoresis gel. Using the power of electrophoresis to separate nucleic acids based on size (a well-known technique), the Gene Stix, for the first time, allows one to recover nucleic acids directly from the gel. Gene Stix consisted of a cationic membrane which is inserted (in front of the nucleic acid of interest) into the electrophoresis gel after the nucleic acids are resolved from other contaminants in a separate step. After the Gene Stix is inserted in front of the DNA, the gel is re-run for a short period of time, binding the DNA to the Gene Stix. The Gene Stix is removed from the gel (carrying the DNA) and the DNA is recovered by elution using a special buffer. Results Electro-Sep technology allows DNA recovery around 85% and may lead up to 35% process efficiency for purification. It maximizes the process efficiency by not requiring damaging UV sensitive dyes in samples or cutting gel bands and allowing multiple Gene Stix used with one sample. Unique serial numbering system provides unambiguous sample identification. Conclusions The yield from different methods varies, however, it is typically at around 60-70%. Many of the commercially available DNA purification kits require around 25-30 minutes for purification. Moreover, the process with available methods could be laborious requiring cutting the gel bands, using UV dyes in sample, or simply requiring specialized gel electrophoresis equipment. Electro-Sep technology (and Gene Stix product using the technology), designed to recover size-selected DNA from agarose gel, provides a viable option that is rapid, easy-to-use yet resulting in high DNA recovery.

Potential of the Novel Slot Blot Method with a PVDF Membrane for Protein Identification and Quantification in Kampo Medicines.

Kampo is a Japanese traditional medicine modified from traditional Chinese medicine. Kampo medicines contain various traditional crude drugs with unknown compositions due to the presence of low-molecular-weight compounds and proteins. However, the proteins are generally rare and extracted with high-polarity solvents such as water, making their identification and quantification difficult. To develop methods for identifying and quantifying the proteins in Kampo medicines, in the current study we employ previous technology (e.g., column chromatography, electrophoresis, and membrane chromatography), focusing on membrane chromatography with a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. Moreover, we consider slot blot analysis based on the principle of membrane chromatography, which is beneficial for analyzing the proteins in Kampo medicines as the volume of the samples is not limited. In this article, we assess a novel slot blot method developed in 2017 and using a PVDF membrane and special lysis buffer to quantify advanced glycation end products-modified proteins against other slot blots. We consider our slot blot analysis superior for identifying and quantifying proteins in Kampo medicines compared with other methods as the data obtained with our novel slot blot can be shown with both error bars and the statistically significant difference, and our operation step is simpler than those of other methods.

Determination of Characteristics of Associative Storage Devices in Radio Telemetry Systems with Data Compression

In the radio telemetry systems of spacecraft, various data compression methods are used for data processing. When using any compression methods, the data obtained as a result of compression is formed randomly, and transmission over radio communication channels should be carried out evenly over time. This leads to the need to use special buffer storage devices. In addition, existing spacecraft radio telemetry systems require grouping of compressed data streams by certain characteristics. This leads to the need to sort compressed data by streams. Therefore, it is advisable to use associative buffer storage devices in such systems. This article is devoted to the analysis of the processes of formation of output streams of compressed data generated at the output of an associative storage device (ASD). Since the output stream of compressed data is random, queue theory and probability theory are used for analysis. At the same time, associative memory is represented as a queue system. Writing and reading in an ASD can be interpreted as servicing orders in a queue system. The purpose of the analysis is to determine the characteristics of an associative storage device (ASD). Such characteristics are the queue length M{N} in the ASD, the deviation of the queue length D{N} in the ASD and the probability pn of a given volume n of compressed data in the ASD (including the probability of emptying and the probability of memory overflow). The results obtained are of great practical importance, since they can be used to select the amount of memory of an associative storage device (ASD) when designing compression devices for telemetry systems of spacecraft.

КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯ ИОНОВ КАЛИЯ В СПЕРМЕ МОЖЕТ СЧИТАТЬСЯ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МАСЛА СЕМЯН ТЫКВЫ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ПРОСТАТИТОМ 3Б

Background. For objective assessment of the functional status of prostatic tissue, the «Kalium Parameter of Laboratory analysis, Evaluating in Ejaculate (KAPLEE)» was offered. KAPLEE is the concentration of K+ ions, measuring with the help of potentiometry in 42 ml of water solution, which contains 1 ml of ejaculate, 39 ml of distilled water and 2 ml of special buffer solution. The aim: to check the hypothesis that the deviation of KAPLEE from the normal range towards reduction or towards increase is the determinant of less efficacy of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) in patients with chronic prostatitis 3B (CP3B). Materials and methods: In trial 51 patients with the diagnosis of CP3B, who received PSO 5400 mg a day (4 capsules 3 times a day) for 30 days as monotherapy, took part. The study included 2 stages. During first stage each patient evaluated the efficacy of this pharmacotherapy in his case; it varied from 1 point (absolute non-efficacy) to 5 points (absolute efficacy). Then each patient ejaculated into container, and the concentration of KAPLEE was measured. Thus, the data of each patient were placed in two-axial system of coordinates: axis of abscisses was the concentration of KAPLEE, axis of ordinates was the mark of efficacy. Then the cluster analysis of these data was made. Results and conclusion. Concentration of potassium ions in the sperm can be considered a determinant of clinical effectiveness of pumpkin seed oil in patients with chronic prostatitis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Isolation: An Optimized Approach into Cells and Mouse Liver Fractionation.

The subfractionation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a widely used technique in cell biology. However, current protocols present limitations such as low yield, the use of large number of dishes, and contamination with other organelles. Here, we describe an improved method for ER subfractionation that solves other reported methods' main limitations of being time consuming and requiring less starting material. Our protocol involves a combination of different centrifugations and special buffer incubations as well as a fine-tuned method for homogenization followed by western blotting to confirm the purity of the fractions. This protocol contains a method to extract clean ER samples from cells using only five (150 mm) dishes instead of over 50 plates needed in other protocols. In addition, in this article we not only propose a new cell fractionation approach but also an optimized method to isolate pure ER fractions from one mouse liver instead of three, which are commonly used in other protocols. The protocols described here are optimized for time efficiency and designed for seamless execution in any laboratory, eliminating the need for special/patented reagents. Key features • Subcellular fractionation from cells and mouse liver. • Uses only five dishes (150 mm) or one mouse liver to extract highly enriched endoplasmic reticulum without mitochondrial-associated membrane contamination. • These protocols require the use of ultracentrifuges, dounce homogenizers, and/or Teflon Potter Elvehjem. As a result, highly enriched/clean samples are obtained. Graphical overview.

Design of the receiving unit of the ultrasonic rail flaw detector

The development of an ultrasonic fl aw detector receiving unit for rail monitoring includes theoretical and practical studies. Special attention is paid to the experimental determination of the characteristics of the ultrasonic piezoelectric sensor and the description of the receiving-amplifying path. A mock-up sample of an ultrasonic fl aw detector allows checking rails for defects and gives a tangible gain in dimensions compared to bulky analogues.The theoretical methods used were based on the principles of electrical engineering, electronic engineering, graphical analysis and the theory of automatic control.Experimental studies of the piezoelectric sensor allowed us to determine its main resonant frequency. The correct choice of parameters of the amplifier unit ensured accurate and reliable operation of the device. Practical tests of the fl aw detector using a special buffer sample of the rail made it possible to adjust its sensitivityThe input amplifier of the microvoltmeter V3-40 is taken as the basis of the receiving and amplifying path of the fl aw detector. The device includes the possibility of its use in conjunction with the converter. The structural diagram of the fl aw detector is presented. The electrical circuit of the input divider with the selection of the necessary resistances and the electrical circuit of the effective value meter with a description of all its elements are described.Operating modes and electronic circuits are selected according to reference data, taking into account their high reliability of operation. The use of analog integrated circuits in the circuit solution made it possible to increase the reliability and accuracy of the fl aw detector device, simplify its adjustment, reduce zero drift and improve the quality of the output signal.

Expanding the size of multicolor panels with ease with new StarBright Blue and StarBright Yellow Dyes.

Abstract Bio-Rad is committed to improving multicolor flow cytometry and is excited to announce a novel series of StarBright Dyes, exceptionally bright fluorescent nanoparticles developed for use with flow cytometry antibodies. These bright dyes have the additional benefits of narrow excitation and emission, high stability, minimal lot-to-lot variation, no requirement for a special buffer and can be fixed making them ideal for inclusion in multicolor immunophenotyping panels containing multiple antibodies conjugated to StarBright Dyes and traditional fluorescent dyes. Here we show how new blue (488 nm) and yellow/green (561 nm) laser excitable StarBright Dyes can be incorporated into multicolor panels in both conventional and full spectrum flow cytometry to give unrivalled resolution, flexibility and choice. Available by the end of 2022 these new dyes will be available conjugated to our highly cited, validated antibodies.

StarBright Dyes:-Build bigger better panels with superior dyes excitable by the violet and ultraviolet lasers.

Abstract StarBright UltraViolet and StarBright Violet Dyes are the brightest ultraviolet and violet laser excitable fluorescent dyes specifically developed for flow cytometry. Their narrow excitation and emission mean that despite the increased brightness there is no loss of resolution due to excessive spillover and spreading. StarBright Dyes can be pre-mixed, fixed and have no requirement for a special buffer when multiplexing, providing researchers with the flexibility to build bigger, better panels. Here we demonstrate this flexibility by comparing freshly made and premixed antibody cocktails from Bio-Rad Antibodies to immunophenotype human peripheral blood. Cells were stained using common staining buffers with acquisition on the ZE5 Cell Analyzer to show how bigger multiplex panels can be built with ease.

Культурный слой г. Екатеринбурга XVIII –– начала XX в. по данным археологии: проблемы и перспективы изучения

The article briefly presents the general theoretical provisions that are important for understanding the specifics of archaeological research in the modern period. The main part of the work is devoted to the historiography of the study of the cultural layer of Ekaterinburg in the 18th –– early 20th centuries by archaeological methods. The results of processing an array of data are analyzed and presented visually (in a table and using a schematic map). The work carried out makes it possible to use the data to identify special buffer zones in the city and to provide a detailed description of various aspects of the lifestyle of the urban population of historical time, based on a comprehensive analysis of written and archaeological sources. Such works are actively implemented in the neighbouring cities of the Urals and Siberia (Chelyabinsk, Perm, Kurgan, Tobolsk, etc.), while for Ekaterinburg there are only a few works devoted to individual elements of the material culture of its inhabitants, but in general, the potential of archaeological source has not yet been realized in scientific research and predictive conservation measures.

КРЫМСКАЯ ВОЙНА КАК КОНФЛИКТ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЙ: ФОКУС КРЫМА В ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИОННО-ЦЕННОСТНОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ

This article aims to consider the history of Crimea from the perspective of the civilizational dimension of the world and Russian historical process. The special role of the Crimean peninsula as a special intercivilizational buffer is indicated. It determines a special paradigm of relations. Using Crimea as an example, the article reveals a special phenomenon of the «war of civilizations» with their illustration in the history of Russia. The Crimean War is considered as a direct example of the clash of civilization. The cognitive potentials of rethinking the Crimean War as a civilizational conflict are given. It is stressed that the Russian civilization opposed the civilizations of Europe and the Ottoman Empire. Finally it is em-phasised that the applied methodology allows to revise a number of historiographic and discursive stereotypes and myths of public consciousness that have developed in relation to the Crimean War. The special civilization-forming axial significance of Crimea for the civilizational history of Russia is shown.

Thermal Stratification in the Storage Tank

The paper presents the results of the numerical investigation of the thermal stratification occurring in the three-coil heat exchanger creating the hot water storage tank. The heat exchanger considered is a special type of coiled tube exchanger which can recover the waste heat from air conditioning system. The exchanger consists of three finned tube coils which are immersed in the storage tank of hot water. Two coils - lower and upper – are designed to warm water in the tank using water as a heating medium. The third coil – equipped with special buffer layer with the nanofluid - uses the refrigerant for the waste heat transfer. The temperature stratification device is mounted in the thermal storage tank. The device’s application is to improve the thermal stratification level of heated water. The performed numerical simulations allowed to obtain the temperature and velocity fields in the storage tank under conditions of the work of coils filled with water. Calculations were made regarding the use of the stratification device under the operating of the upper and lower coils with water conditions.

Nano Ion Exchangers as Modifiers of Chromatographic Phases and Sources of Analytical Signal

A method is developed for preparing of nanosized ion exchangers (nano ion exchangers, NIEX) as water-stable sols of a given ionic form of two types: nano cation exchangersand nano anion exchangers. According to their physicochemical properties, nano ion exchangers are simultaneously dissolved hypercharged ions and microscopic solid ion exchangers capable of solid-phase ion exchange. In chromatographic and other methods of analysis, can serve as modifiers of stationary and mobile phases, providing a high capacity of the first one and special buffer properties of the second one. Some results of using for the creation of polymodal phases for ion chromatography, as a modifier in capillary electrophoresis, and in a luminescence method for the determination of heavy metals (using copper as an example) in aqueous solutions are presented.

An agricultural data storage mechanism based on HBase

With the development of agricultural space-time localisation, sensor network and cloud computing, the amount of agricultural data is increasing rapidly and the data structure becomes more complicated and changeable. Currently, the widely used agricultural database is the relational database. This database handles a large amount of data with very limited throughput and is not suitable for organisation and management of distributed data. HBase is a non-relational database of distributed file storage built on Hadoop platform. HBase is suitable for unstructured data storage database and it can handle large volume of data with high scalability. To better store agricultural big data in HBase, we propose a special agricultural data buffer structure which stores data based on the data category and a two-level indexing memory organisation strategy on HBase. The method proposed saves more than a quarter of the time compared to traditional buffering methods. Experimental results show the higher efficiency of the agricultural data buffer structure and memory-organisation strategy.

An agricultural data storage mechanism based on HBase

With the development of agricultural space-time localisation, sensor network and cloud computing, the amount of agricultural data is increasing rapidly and the data structure becomes more complicated and changeable. Currently, the widely used agricultural database is the relational database. This database handles a large amount of data with very limited throughput and is not suitable for organisation and management of distributed data. HBase is a non-relational database of distributed file storage built on Hadoop platform. HBase is suitable for unstructured data storage database and it can handle large volume of data with high scalability. To better store agricultural big data in HBase, we propose a special agricultural data buffer structure which stores data based on the data category and a two-level indexing memory organisation strategy on HBase. The method proposed saves more than a quarter of the time compared to traditional buffering methods. Experimental results show the higher efficiency of the agricultural data buffer structure and memory-organisation strategy.

Rapid and Reliable One-Step ABO Genotyping Using Direct Real-Time Allele-Specific PCR and Melting Curve Analysis Without DNA Preparation

ABO genotyping is a molecular diagnostic technique important for transfusion and transplantation in medicine, and human identification in forensic science. Because ABO genotyping are labor intensive and time consuming, the genotyping cannot be firstly used to resolve the serological ABO discrepancy in blood bank. For rapid one-step ABO genotyping, we developed direct, real-time, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and melting curve analysis (DRAM assay) without DNA preparation. In DRAM assay, we used a special PCR buffer for direct PCR, a rapid RBC lysis buffer, white blood cells as template without DNA preparation, allele-specific primers for discriminating three ABO alleles (261G/del, 796C/A, and 803G/C), and melting curve analysis as a detection method. There was 100% concordance among the results of ABO genotyping by the DRAM assay, serologic typing, PCR-RFLP and PCR-direct sequencing of 96 venous blood samples. We were able to reduce the number of manual steps to three and the hands-on time to 12min, compared to seven steps and approximately 40min for conventional ABO genotyping using allele-specific PCR with purified DNA and agarose gel electrophoresis. We have established and validated the DRAM assay for rapid and reliable one-step ABO genotyping in a closed system. The DRAM assay with an appropriate number of allele-specific primers could help in resolving ABO discrepancies and should be valuable in clinical laboratory and blood bank.

Highly sensitive and specific on-site detection of serum cocaine by a low cost aptasensor

Cocaine is one of the most used illegal recreational drugs. Developing an on-site test for cocaine use detection has been a focus of research effort, since it is essential to the control and legal action against drug abuse. Currently most of cocaine detection methods are time-consuming and require special or expensive equipment, and the detection often suffers from high cross-reactivity with cocaine metabolites and relative low sensitivity with the best limit of detection reported at sub nanomolar (nM) level. In this work, an aptasensor has been developed using capacitive monitoring of sensor surface incorporating alternating current electrokinetics effects to speed up molecular transport and minimize matrix effects. The aptasensor is rapid, low cost, highly sensitive and specific as well as simple-to-use for the detection of cocaine from serum. The assay has a sample-to-result time of 30 s, a limit of detection of 7.8 fM, and a linear response for cocaine ranging from 14.5fM to 14.5pM in standard buffer, which are great improvements from other reported cocaine sensors. Special buffer is used for serum cocaine detection, and a limit of detection of 13.4 fM is experimentally demonstrated for cocaine spiked in human serum (equivalent to 1.34pM cocaine in neat serum). The specificity of the biosensor is also demonstrated with structurally similar chemicals, ecgonine ethyl ester and methylecgonidine. This biosensor shows high promise in detection of low levels of cocaine from complex matrices.

Thermophysical properties of water based Cu nanofluid used in special type of coil heat exchanger

The study shows the results of the investigation into thermophysical properties of water based copper nanofluid designed for a special type of coil heat exchanger requiring a specific working liquid. The nanofluid considered, characterized by low particle concentrations, was proposed as this liquid. The exact determination of its properties was the basis for further experimental and numerical examination of the exchanger. One of the exchanger’s heating coils was filled with a refrigerant. In order to prevent a possible refrigerant leakage a special buffer layer filled with the water based Cu nanofluid was mounted in the coil. The thermophysical properties of the nanofluid might lead to heat transfer enhancement in the buffer layer and thus improve the thermal characteristics of the exchanger. The density, viscosity and thermal conductivity of the Cu/water nanofluid were measured experimentally. Spherical copper nanoparticles of about 40nm in diameter were suspended in distilled water to produce test nanofluids. Three nanoparticle volume concentrations: 0.011%, 0.055% and 0.101% were examined. The dependencies associated with density, dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity on temperature and particle volume concentration were determined. The experimental results obtained were compared with those which were calculated based on theoretical models. It was found that there was no compatibility of the measurements results with theoretical data in the case of viscosity and thermal conductivity. An attempt to explain this discrepancy was made.

(Invited) The Application of Advanced Sige Complementary Bipolar Technologies to High Speed and High-Precision Applications

SiGe has rapidly grown to a mature process technology addressing a broad array of applications. Most of the literature discussing these applications focuses on RF circuits and very high-speed data links; both take advantage of the high switching speed, low noise, and current handling capabilities afforded by SiGe transistors. The addition of germanium into a silicon bipolar junction transistor (BJT) technology allows the component engineer to optimize different parameters. These applications usually force the focus on Ft or Fmax. While these are also important in the design of precision circuits and or high linearity amplifiers, current gain (Hfe) and Early voltage (Va) are often design limitations that force use of more complex circuits. Additionally, usually only NPN transistors are available which can significantly complicate the design of critical analog building blocks. SiGe in fact provides significant performance boost to PNP transistors and in the last couple of decades complementary SiGe BJT processes are offered by several major semiconductor manufacturers. Although generally the focus has been on relatively low voltage devices with Bvceos of significantly less than 5V, SiGe can also be applied to the design of much higher voltage transistors with a significant boost in performance. Many integrated circuits are built in such complementary SiGe Bipolar technologies and offer significant advantages over equivalent devices built in more conventional processes. To address low voltage applications, we will discuss how complementary SiGe can be applied to the design of a high-speed 16bit analog to digital convertor (ADC) and the design of a special buffer amplifier developed to condition the signal fed to such ADCs. Higher voltage (+/-15V supplies) precision amplifiers are still a significant market and have warranted the development of specialized complementary SiGe technologies. We will work through the design of a typical amplifier and show how the improved transistors lead to better end-product performance. Feedback amplifiers are generally easier to stabilize if there are fewer gain stages. Compensation techniques are available to stabilize complex amplifier designs which generally sacrifice performance. The increased gain offered by SiGe BJTs compared to alternatives can reduce the number of gain stages needed to meet a specific specification. The availability of a complementary PNP transistor can also significantly simplify circuit design. The combination of the gain of the SiGe BJT (due to high Va and Hfe) together with the simplicity and symmetry offered by complementary bipolar circuit design enables the design of very high performance operational amplifiers. We will detail an ampliier designed for very high performance portable audio applications. The combination of high Early Voltage and high Beta allows for a simple, single gain stage implementation, which results in low quiescent power, high capacitive load drive and high PSRR. The high beta and Ft of the SiGe transistors make this performance possible at low quiescent power.

Coil Heat Exchanger with the Nanofluid Filled Buffer Layer

The paper presents the preliminary design of the special heat exchanger. The device under consideration is the kind of immersed coil heat exchangers. It consists of three vertical coils: two coils are standard, water is used as a heating medium; one coil is filled by the refrigerant R134a which transfers the waste heat from refrigeration and air conditioning system during the boiling processes. In order to prevent the possible refrigerant leakage, the special buffer layer filled with the nanofluid is mounted in the Freon coil. Thermophysical properties of the nanofluid cause the intensification of the heat transfer through the buffer layer and the same increase of the heat transfer rate. Calculations of thermal power were made. Correlations of heat transfer coefficients in curved tubes, pressure drop correlations for flow through helical coil tubes and correlations describing the heat transfer in the buffer layer, were applied. Results of the calculations indicate of the influence of of Freon coil on the exchanger heat transfer rate. Heat power of Freon coil is about 7 – 25% of water coil thermal power. Thus, the waste heat applied significantly increases the exchanger heat transfer rate.