Special Autonomy Research Articles

Special Autonomy Fund as Implementation of Special Autonomy Policy Aceh

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the Special Autonomy Fund in Aceh, an initiative that stems from decentralization policy reform in Indonesia that aims to promote regional development and resolve armed conflicts in Aceh. Through the literature study method, this study investigates the evolution of special autonomy policies, starting from the enactment of Law No. 22/1999 and Law No. 25/1999, to the ratification of Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh, which marked the transition from centralist government to decentralization, giving Aceh broad autonomy in various aspects of local life. Analysis of the data shows that the allocation of the Special Autonomy Fund, which began in 2008 and will continue until 2027, fluctuated, with an increase over the first 15 years followed by an anticipated gradual decline. The results of the study confirm that the Government of Aceh has succeeded in realizing most of the allocated funds, with emphasis on infrastructure, economy, poverty reduction, as well as education, social, and health, illustrating Aceh's effectiveness in using funds for development and community welfare. The study concludes that the Special Autonomy Fund has become an effective policy instrument in supporting Aceh's regional autonomy and sustainable development. These findings provide important implications for policymaking in other regions with similar uniqueness in Indonesia, offering insight into how asymmetric decentralization can be used as a tool for managing diversity within a unitary state.

The Formation of the New Autonomous Region of Papua and Welfare Guarantees in the Decentralization Policy

The instrument for regional structuring, particularly regional expansion leading to new autonomous regions, can be seen as a rational and logical implication of decentralization implementation. Decentralization, in turn, played a pivotal role in shaping the grand design of regional planning (Desertada) up until the imposition of a regional expansion moratorium in late 2009. This research employs a qualitative methodology, a case study approach, chosen due to its adaptability and effectiveness in addressing dynamic and unpredictable social contexts. The focal point of this study revolved around the narratives underlying the formation of new autonomous regions (DOB) in Papua, particularly emphasizing the discourse on welfare. The government has actively promoted narratives of welfare motives and national strategic interests. The government has actively promoted narratives of welfare motives and national strategic interests. Despite the expansion of the Papua region and the implementation of special autonomy, it is observed that these initiatives have not significantly contributed to development. Notably, the expansion process in Papua, marred by alleged procedural and material deficiencies, took place without indigenous Papuans' meaningful participation and consultation.

Quo Vadis Aceh is A Special Autonomous Region in The State of The Republic of Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to re-actualize Pancasila as a state ideology, especially the 3rd principle, namely Indonesian Unity. The meaning of unity is considered to be fading given the existence of Aceh, which in the past eighteen years has seen its status degraded, both explicitly and implicitly, especially about Aceh's authority as a special autonomous region. Theoretical framework: this study compares constitutional theory through the text and context of Article 18B paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution and the Amendment Results. Next is the concept of asymmetric decentralization through Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Aceh Government (UUPA). Method: The study used normative legal studies, where data collection is carried out using library research with a focus on the application of norms in the UUPA. Presented in a descriptive-analytical manner, by examining the implementation of UUPA based on juridical, historical, political, and social aspects, to find the concrete reality of the implementation of special autonomy in Aceh currently, and its projections in the future. Results and Conclusions: The study shows that in the early days of Aceh's special autonomy, relations with the Central Government were constructive. Aceh has become the center of national mainstreaming. However, recently, conditions no longer work that way. The existence of the UUPA as a document for Aceh's development after the earthquake-tsunami and armed conflict is no longer a special concern for Jakarta, and this threatens the sense of unity of this country.

Kurdish Community Differences: Potential Conflict and Politics in The Middle East

The Kurds are the name of an ethnic group that occupies several countries in the Middle East, notably Iraq, Iran, Türkiye, and a small part of Syria. The existence of Kurds who are different from ethnic groups in general has always been seen as a regional problem and treated discriminatorily. Because of this, the Kurds always carry out movements, even rebellions, to fight for political rights. The method used in this research is qualitative research with a library approach. The results of the study show that each Kurdish community spread across each country has differences that are not too prominent. In general, the difference lies in the direction of their movement based on the group leader and the religion they adhere to. Although the majority of Kurds adhere to Sunni Islam, there are also those who practice different religions, such as Christianity, Judaism, Yazidis, and Zoroastrians. Currently, there are still many people who think that the Kurds are a tribe that always causes problems, although there are also those who think that most Kurds want recognition for their existence and special autonomy for the area where they live.

Implementasi Otomoni Khusus Pada Pemerintahan Aceh Dan Papua Dalam Perspektif Perbandingan

Papua gets Special Autonomy based on Law Number 21 of 2001, while Aceh gets Special Autonomy based on Law Number 18 of 2001 an Law Number 2006. This Special Autonomy is a political solution, a legal solution and a solution to achieve prosperity to overcome security problems and demands for separation from the Unitary State of the Republic Of Indonesia (NKRI). This happened when Indonesia was experiencing a vibrant democracy. Legislative Regulations are rules made by the Government. It includes things such as local democracy, people’s welfare and the protection of human rights in our country. The research method used in this research uses the library research method. Literature study is the first step in the information gathering method. From the research conducted, it appears that the Special Autonomy regulations, which are supposed to be responsive in their implementation, are still experiencing many problems. The use and continuation of the Special Autonomy Law still needs to be explained better so that it remins the same and is in line with achieving social happiness.

Opportunities for Imposing Carbon Tax Through the Aceh Qanun in the Perspective of Inter-generational Justice

The Indonesian government’s policy in responding to the energy transition opens opportunities for local government participation to mitigate the energy transition and adapt to climate change. The Government of Aceh, with exceptional autonomy, made a breakthrough by paying attention to the impact of managing Oil and Gas Natural Resources through a carbon tax. This article analyses the perspective of intra-generational justice in the energy transition faced with special autonomy and looks for manifestations of participation through regional autonomy gaps. Localizing carbon taxes only from an economic perspective is far from benefiting the next generation. When examined, it is the key to the principle of sustainability to reduce the impact of oil and gas natural resources production in Aceh. The polycentric policy model between the government and local governments has a strategic role by taking advantage of various policies and reducing the impact of existing policies.

Analisis Dampak Otonomi Khusus dalam Upaya Optimalisasi Sektor Pendidikan di Provinsi Papua

<p>The presence of the Special Autonomy Law for the Province of Papua is a positive stimulant to bring about prosperity in the education sector. However, so far it has been found that the education sector is one of the sectors that has not run optimally. Special autonomy, which has not had a significant impact on the education sector, has created disparities in education between Papua Province and other regions in Indonesia. Based on this, this study seeks to examine the impact of the special autonomy policy on optimizing the education sector in Papua Province. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis model. The main data in this study comes from literature studies. The results of this study found that special autonomy has not had a significant impact on the people of Papua. This can be seen from the IPM of Papua Province which is at the bottom of the national standings. On the other side, the Papuan community's school enrollment rates and average length of schooling are still far below the national APS and RLS. This means that special autonomy has not been able to bring optimal impact on the education sector. There are several inhibiting factors, including the lack of political will from the Papua Provincial Government, the existence of corrupt practices, the lack of involvement of the Papuan People's Council in evaluating the allocation of autonomy funds in particular, including in evaluating the allocation of funds for the education sector and due to the contours of the area being quite large and difficult.</p>

The Contestation of Authority in Islamic Marriage Law Indonesia

This article describes the contestation between government authorities and religious scholars (ulemas) in the creation of marriage laws in Aceh. The research data were derived from observations, interviews, and documentation, constituting a qualitative study with a theoretical framework based on the relationship between the state and religion, as well as the Theory of Legal Certainty, employing a socio-legal approach. The findings of this study illustrated that the authority of the ulemas was manifested through the issuance of fatwas by Acehnese ulemas, which also operated in society illegally. On the other hand, government authority was realized through the enactment of marriage laws and the Islamic Criminal Code (KHI) implemented by government institutions. The fragmentation and contestation of these authorities occurred following the enactment of the Special Autonomy Law, which granted authority to the ulemas to issue fatwas. As a result, dualism in marriage laws emerged in Aceh, leading to various issues such as legal uncertainty, a lack of trust in state institutions, and the proliferation of illegal marriages in Aceh. Additionally, Acehnese ulemas sought to establish their own local laws for Aceh, independent of national marriage laws. Therefore, it is imperative to establish Aceh's marriage laws through regional regulations (qanun) while accommodating the fatwas issued by Acehnese ulemas.

Aceh’s Democratic Landscape: Exploring the Role and Impact of Local Political Parties

Abstract: After issuing Law No. 18/2001 on Special Autonomy for the Special Province of Aceh. The central government has given extensive concessions to Aceh Province by delegating various authorities, including forming local Aceh political parties. Local political parties are political organizations formed voluntarily based on similarities of will and ideals to fight for the interests of the community, nation, and state through the election of members of the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Aceh, Governor, Regent, and Mayor. the existence of local political parties is considered effective in carrying out their roles and functions, especially in implementing the party system in the special autonomy region of Indonesia. Purpose: This study aims to identify and comprehend the role played by Aceh’s local political parties in the local-level implementation of democratization. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research method uses a legal research method with a conceptual and statutory approach. Findings: The results of the study show that the existence of Acehnese local parties can provide political advantages for interest groups to seize power, with the presence of local parties given way as a political vehicle to mobilize power in its government, both in the legislature and the executive. The existence of local parties can embrace all the aspirations of the Acehnese people more specifically than national parties. For this reason, local parties can support the implementation of special autonomy in Aceh. Originality/Value: There are many studies on local parties in Aceh, but this research explores the existence of local parties in implementing local democracy in Aceh.

Penyuluhan Hukum: Kajian Yuridis tentang Rancangan Qanun Nikah Siri Provinsi Aceh, Pembenahan, dan Dampak pada Masyarakat di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Aceh Simeulue

The proposed Qanun on polygamy by the Acehnese elite (executive and legislative) is aimed at the wider community because of the widespread phenomenon of unregistered marriages. Siri marriage is not prohibited in Aceh in fact the administrative requirements are relaxed for ordinary people. This gap raises the question of whether the Acehnese elite proposed the polygamy qanun for the benefit of society or for subjective interests. This article is classified as field research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is descriptive-analytical research. The results of the research found that the reactor for the implementation or key factor of family law qanun in Aceh lies in the condition where polygyny requirements are tightened beyond the provisions of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and the requirements for Siri Marriage which are relaxed. based on KHI provisions. The motive was the Acehnese elite's efforts to have their unregistered wives recognized (legality) in Aceh's polygyny qanun. These findings can be input for family law studies to create more objective and independent regulations, especially in regions that have special autonomy rights.

Legal Protection of Minority Rights: Study on the Implementation of Qanun Number 6 of 2014 Concerning the Jinayat Law in Langsa City, Aceh Special Region Province

The negative stigma against applying Islamic law or sharia has not disappeared. This stigma persists since it is accompanied by propaganda that Islamic sharia is contrary to human rights and is barbaric. Specifically, the Special Region of Aceh Province, with its special label and special autonomy based on Law No. 44 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of the Privileges of Aceh, strengthened by Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy, Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh, and part of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) of Helsinki bargaining, is permitted to apply Islamic law, including the issue of jinayat. This research’s object was the implementation of Qanun Jinayat in Langsa City to find out how it is implemented and how it protects the rights of minorities. Included in the field research category, this study used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and field observations. The result revealed that the enforcement of the Qanun Jinayat in Langsa City is concerned about human rights norms, does not interfere with the rights of minorities, and they even feel happy since the Qanun’s norm is also regulated in their holy book.

The Dynamics of Conflict Resolution and the Potential for Disintegration in West Papua in the Context of the Unity of the Republic of Indonesia: An Analysis of Conflict and Disintegration in the Papua Region

This research is the result of a summary and analysis of social media, interviews, and public discussions on conflict resolution and the issue of Papua's separation from the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. The study employs a method that includes social media description, such as Google and YouTube, interviews with the Papuan community in Bandung, and an analysis of public discussions related to the issue of West Papua. The results of this research include a discussion of the root causes of the conflicts in the Papua region, which have claimed many victims from both the Indonesian National Army (TNI), the Indonesian National Police (POLRI), and other civilians. The government has made several offers, such as Special Autonomy (Otsus), providing significant budget allocations from the national budget for Papua, road construction, housing, market relocations, and more. However, up to this point, there hasn't been a clear solution to the issues.
 This research fills a gap in the understanding of the Papua conflict, which often focuses on issues of violence, human rights violations, and so on. For example, the thesis titled "The 1998 Bloody Tragedy in Biak Numfor Regency, Papua (Resilience of Women as Victims of Military Violence)" in the Conflict and Peace Studies Program, Graduate School of Theology at Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta, 2021, written by Anike Mirino. In conclusion, the reasons behind the desire for Papuan disintegration from Indonesia are primarily economic disparities, social disparities, the integration process, violence, the existence of Papuan citizens, and the lack of respect for the indigenous people's culture and customs in Papua by the Indonesian government. Thus, the only path to peace in Papua is through a dialogic process. It involves understanding Papua from the perspective of the Papuan people, expanding employment opportunities, and wisely preserving the culture of the indigenous Papuan communities

Implementation of the Oversight Function of the Aceh Special Autonomy Fund

Implementation of the Oversight Function of the Aceh Special Autonomy Fund

PUBLIC PREFERENCES ON FACTORS AFFECTING MAQASHID SHARIAH-BASED HEALTH INSURANCE SERVICES IN ACEH PROVINCE

Health development is a development effort in the health sector that aims to achieve optimal health status. The Aceh government, through special autonomy rights, carries out the development of the health sector through health insurance which is named the sharia-based Aceh Health Insurance (JKA) managed by the Social Security Administration (BPJS) to meet the health needs of all Acehnese people so that the objectives of Maqashid shariah are achieved, namely benefit. This study aims to determine the community's preference for factors that affect Maqasid Shariah-based health services in Aceh. This research approach is quantitative, using the method of statistical analysis of the structural equation model based on partial least squares. This study indicates a statistically significant effect on the variables of socialization intensity, accessibility of information, availability of facilities and infrastructure for the services of health insurance participants at a significant level of 10%. Based on the Acehnese people's preferences, both facilities and infrastructure are important factor in running health insurance services.

Special Autonomy Fund Management and Strengthening Institutional Governance in Realizing Sustainable Development

Granting special autonomy to Aceh Province is the government's response to support sustainable development in post-conflict. This study aims to optimize the management of Otsus funds for the overall welfare of the Acehnese people, with the ultimate goal of achieving independence. This study focuses on explaining and addressing issues related to managing the special autonomy fund and strengthening institutions to realize sustainable development and prosperity for the Acehnese. Descriptive qualitative research methodology was employed, involving data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The analysis utilizes the accountability and transparency theory to evaluate fund management practices in Aceh. Findings revealed that the special autonomy fund has not been effectively implemented due to weak institutional capacity, hindering sustainable development and welfare. Transparent fund management aligned with good governance has not been optimally achieved. The dominance of local political elites in policy-making has led to ineffective government management of the special autonomy fund, while bureaucratic efforts have yielded limited results. Nonetheless, Aceh has undergone some changes over the past 15 years, although not yet significant.

Organizational Design Management of Traditional Village Keitemung in Jayapura Regency

Organization design is a crucial process that orchestrates various factors within an organization, such as structure, processes, and people. In Papua Province, specifically in Jayapura Regency, the formation of Traditional Villages is affected by the implementation draft of special autonomy for Papua Province. This study aims to analyze the organization design of the Traditional Village Institution Keitemung in Jayapura Regency. The research method used in this study is qualitative research, with the location being the Traditional Village Keitemung in Jayapura Regency. The informants in this study are individuals in authority who provide information about the organization of the Traditional Village Keitemung, particularly the institution’s managers. The research findings reveal that the organization design of Traditional Villages in Jayapura Regency, especially in Keitemung, is not yet completely ideal. This assessment is based on two organizational dimensions. Firstly, on the structural dimension, the organization does not possess standard characteristics that serve as a baseline for measuring activities and orientation within the organization. Secondly, on the contextual dimension, the Traditional Village Keitemung does not fully describe the entire organization, including its forms and support for the structural dimension. To improve governance, it is necessary to design the organization of the Traditional Village with relevant drafts and appropriate rules, aiming to create an ideal organization that fulfills the needs of the public.
 Keywords: organizational design, institutions, traditional village

Government Regional Expenditure: Pro-poor Expenditure Allocation of Public Expenditure in Kulon Progo Regency, D. I. Yogyakarta

This article aims to show the public expenditure of the Kulon Progo Regional Government responds to welfare issues with a pro-poor budget approach. Currently, Kulon Progo Regency is still the area with the highest poverty rate among regencies/cities in D.I.Yogyakarta. This condition becomes ironic because this area is under the Regional Government, which has the status of receiving special autonomy. This arrangement impacts the disbursement of special funds to Kulon Progo so that its fiscal capacity becomes large. This type of research uses a qualitative approach with the library research method. While the stages of this research consisted of problem identification, literature search, research aims and objectives, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and research reporting. The study results show that Kulon Progo's public expenditure has not been able to bring this region out of the issue of inequality. The issue of poverty, the low human development index, the high open unemployment rate, and even the low allocation of public expenditure on infrastructure impacts the predicate and image of Kulon Progo, which has not been separated from this issue. In addition, in the aspect of public expenditure, especially based on budget allocations that are pro-poor, in fact, they have not fully accommodated their interests. This can be seen from the data analysis on the issue of inequality in the Kulon Progo Regency, which has not been properly resolved. This reality in the context of Kulon Progo is interesting to study because, with a large enough fiscal power capacity, it has not been reflected in public expenditure oriented towards the people’s welfare.

Pengaruh Keuangan Daerah terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Aceh

Poverty is one of the problems faced by Indonesia from the past until now. Various ways have been done to overcome the problem of poverty. One of the efforts that have been made by the Government of Indonesia is to issue a regional autonomy policy. The existence of this policy gives authority to local governments to regulate their own regions. This policy is given to all provinces in Indonesia, including Aceh. Aceh is the province with the highest poverty rate on the island of Sumatra, although it has a higher original regional income (PAD) than the province with the lowest poverty rate on the island of Sumatra. Aceh also has a greater natural resources revenue-sharing fund (DBH SDA) than the province of West Sumatra. In addition, Aceh also received special autonomy funds (DOK), which were only given to the provinces of Aceh, Papua, and West Papua. This study aims to analyze the effect of PAD, DBH SDA and DOK on the poverty rate of Aceh Province for the 2008-2020 period. This research uses panel data regression involving 23 districts/cities of Aceh Province. The results of the study show that only local real revenue has a significant and negative effect on poverty levels.

Determinants Of Human Development Index In Papua Province 2012-2021

The Human Development Index (HDI) aims to emphasize that a country's development assessment should be based on the capabilities of its population. Papua, as the province with the lowest HDI in Indonesia, reflects the poor level of living and human development in Papua. Although Papua is a special autonomous region that receives an allocation of funds, its public services and people's welfare still lag behind other provinces in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to understand how Special Autonomy Funds, Sharia Financing, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and Average Length of School (ALS) affect the Human Development Index. This study uses Error Correction Model (ECM) as an analysis method. The results showed that ICT did not have a significant effect on HDI, Special Autonomy Fund had a negative influence in the short term and a positive influence in the long term, Average School Year had a positive influence in the short term and a negative influence in the long term, while Islamic Bank Financing had a positive influence both in the short and long term.

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH PUSAT DALAM PENERAPAN MORATORIUM DENGAN PEMEKARAN PAPUA

The issues raised in this study are the division of D Papua and the implementation of the moratorium. Based on Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government and Law Number 2 of 2021 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province of Papua for the implementation of this Law the government issued Government Regulation Number 106 of 2021 concerning the authority and institutional implementation of the special autonomy policy for the province of Papua. In this research, Organ Theory and Legal Certainty Theory are used which will be the tools of analysis to dissect existing problems.