Spearman's Rho Correlation Research Articles

Are inflammatory markers associated with sarcopenia-related traits in older adults with sarcopenia? – A cross-sectional analysis of the ENHANce study

AimsTo explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and sarcopenia-related traits in sarcopenic older adults. MethodsBaseline data of the ongoing Exercise and Nutrition for Healthy AgeiNg (ENHANce) study were used for a secondary, exploratory, cross-sectional analysis. ENHANce is a 5-armed triple blinded randomized controlled trial, in older adults (>65y) with sarcopenia defined according to the revised criteria of the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) aiming to assess the effect of combined anabolic interventions (protein supplement, omega-3 supplement and physical exercise) on physical performance, compared to single/placebo interventions. Inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), albumin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed at baseline. Spearman's rho (ρ) correlation coefficients were calculated to associate these inflammatory markers with baseline sarcopenia-defining parameters (handgrip strength, chair stand test, appendicular lean mass [aLM], gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery), physical activity (step count) and quality of life (SF-36, SarQoL). ResultsWe included 40 sarcopenic subjects (15 men/25 women, age 77.1 ± 6.8 years). Contrary to expectations, the pro-inflammatory IL-1β correlated positively with handgrip strength (ρ: 0.376; p = 0.024) and IL-6 with aLM (ρ: 0.334; p = 0.0433). IL-6 inversely correlated with step count (ρ:-0.358; p = 0.048). Subgroup analysis revealed important gender differences. IL-8 inversely correlated with handgrip strength in women (ρ: -0.425; p = 0.034) but not in men. In contrast, pro-inflammatory cytokines CRP (ρ: -0.615; p = 0.019), IL-6 (ρ: -0.604; p = 0.029) and TNF-α (ρ: -0.615; p = 0.025) inversely correlated with the SF-36 physical component score in men but not in women. ConclusionAlthough Inflammageing might play a role in sarcopenia-related traits, this exploratory study highlights an important role of gender. Future research should take this into account when elucidating the Inflammageing-sarcopenia interplay.

Vancomycin Concentrations in Synovial Fluid Do Not Reach Chondrotoxic Thresholds After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Vancomycin-Soaked Autologous Soft Tissue Grafts: An In Vivo Prospective Observational Study in Humans

Background: Studies have revealed that vancomycin soaking of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft can drastically reduce the incidence of postoperative infections after ACL reconstruction. However, it remains unknown whether the chondrotoxic threshold of vancomycin in synovial fluid is exceeded during this process. Several studies investigated the chondrotoxic properties of vancomycin in in vitro experiments and described a concentration of 1000 µg/mL as the critical threshold. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to measure the vancomycin concentration in synovial fluid after ACL reconstruction with vancomycin-soaked autografts. It was hypothesized that intra-articular vancomycin concentrations in the synovial fluid would not reach the chondrotoxic threshold of 1000 µg/mL after vancomycin soaking of autologous semitendinosus tendon and soft tissue quadriceps tendon grafts for ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study enrolled 10 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction using 4-strand semitendinosus tendon autografts and 10 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction using soft tissue quadriceps tendon autografts. Before implantation, each harvested graft was intraoperatively wrapped in gauze swabs that had been soaked in a 5-mg/mL vancomycin solution. After wound closure, an aspirate of 5 mL of synovial fluid was taken from each patient. The vancomycin concentration of the aspirate was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman rho correlation coefficients were used to identify relationships between the parameters, and the t test was used to test for differences between graft types. A P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 20 patients (14 women and 6 men; age, 29.35 ± 11.3 years). The mean vancomycin concentration measured in the synovial fluid was 23.23 ± 21.68 µg/mL, with a minimum concentration of 2.32 µg/mL and a maximum concentration of 71.56 µg/mL. No significant difference was found between the 2 graft types (P = .911). Significant positive correlation (r = 0.644; P < .05) was observed only between the vancomycin concentration and the mean duration from initiation of vancomycin soaking of semitendinosus tendon grafts to implantation (13.4 ± 6 minutes). No correlations were observed between the vancomycin concentration and the duration from implantation to fluid aspiration or between the vancomycin concentration and the graft diameter (median, 8.5 mm; range, 6.0-10.0 mm) for both graft types. Conclusion: Chondrotoxic vancomycin concentrations ≥1000 µg/mL were not reached in any aspiration of synovial fluid after ACL reconstruction using soft tissue autografts that were intraoperatively soaked in a 5-mg/mL vancomycin solution. Against the backdrop of multiple studies that showed significantly reduced infection rates after ACL reconstruction when vancomycin soaking was used, this study suggests that the chondrotoxic properties of this method are negligible because of its submarginal intra-articular concentrations.

Evidence for inefficient contraction and abnormal mitochondrial activity in sarcopenia using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in sarcopenia. 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables non-invasive measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis rates to probe mitochondrial function. Here, we assessed muscle energetics in older sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic men and compared with muscle biopsy-derived markers of mitochondrial function. Twenty Chinese men with sarcopenia (SARC, age=73.1±4.1years) and 19 healthy aged and sex-matched controls (CON, age=70.3±4.2years) underwent assessment of strength, physical performance, and magnetic resonance imaging. Concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) as well as muscle pH were measured at rest and during an interleaved rest-exercise protocol to probe muscle mitochondrial function. Results were compared to biopsy-derived mitochondrial complex activity and expression to understand underlying metabolic perturbations. Despite matched muscle contractile power (strength/cross-sectional area), the ATP contractile cost was higher in SARC compared with CON (low-intensity exercise: 1.06±0.59 vs. 0.57±0.22, moderate: 0.93±0.43 vs. 0.58±0.68, high: 0.70±0.57 vs. 0.43±0.51mmolL-1 min-1 bar-1 cm-2 , P=0.003, <0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). Post-exercise mitochondrial oxidative synthesis rates (a marker of mitochondrial function) tended to be longer in SARC but did not reach significance (17.3±6.4 vs. 14.6±6.5mmolL-1 min-1 , P=0.2). However, relative increases in end-exercise ADP in SARC (31.8±9.9 vs. 24.0±7.3mmolL-1 , P=0.008) may have been a compensatory mechanism. Mitochondrial complex activity was found to be associated with exercise-induced drops in PCr [citrate synthetase activity (CS), Spearman correlation rho=-0.42, P=0.03] and end-exercise ADP (complex III, rho=-0.52, P=0.01; CS rho=-0.45, P=0.02; SDH rho=-0.45, P=0.03), with CS also being strongly associated with the PCr recovery rate following low intensity exercise (rho=-0.47, P=0.02), and the cost of contraction at high intensity (rho=-0.54, P=0.02). Interestingly, at high intensity, the fractional contribution of oxidative phosphorylation to exercise was correlated with activity in complex II (rho=0.5, P=0.03), CS (rho=0.47, P=0.02) and SDH (rho=0.46, P=0.03), linking increased mitochondrial complex activity with increased ability to generate energy through oxidative pathways. This study used 31 P MRS to assess ATP utilization and resynthesis in sarcopenic muscle and demonstrated abnormal increases in the energy cost during exercise and perturbed mitochondrial energetics in recovery. Associations between mitochondrial complex activity and the fractional contribution to energy requirement during exercise indicate increased ability to generate energy oxidatively in those with better mitochondrial complex activity.

The Relationship Between Health-Related Quality of Life and Lower-Extremity Visuomotor Reaction Time in Young Adult Women Following Ankle Sprain.

Many individuals who sustain a lateral ankle sprain (LAS) fail to return to prior activity due to residual symptoms; and report elevated levels of injury-related fear, decreased function, and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Additionally, individuals with history of LAS exhibit deficits in neurocognitive functional measures like visuomotor reaction time (VMRT), which contributes to worse patient-reported outcome scores. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between HRQOL and lower-extremity (LE) VMRT in individuals with LAS history. Cross-sectional. Young adult female volunteers with history of LAS (n = 22; age = 24 [3.5]y; height = 163.1 [9.8]cm; mass = 65.1 [11.5]kg; and time since last LAS = 67.8 [50.5]mo) completed HRQOL outcomes including the following: (1)Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11, (2)Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, (3)Penn State Worry Questionnaire, (4)modified Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, and (5)Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI). Additionally, participants completed a LE-VMRT task by responding to a visual stimulus using their foot to deactivate light sensors. Participants completed trials bilaterally. Separate Spearman rho correlations were performed to assess the relationship between patient-reported outcomes assessing constructs of HRQOL and LE-VRMT bilaterally. Significance was set at P < .05. There was a strong, significant negative correlation between FADI-Activities of Daily Living (ρ = -.68; P = .002) and FADI-Sport (ρ = -.76; P = .001) scores and injured limb LE-VMRT; moderate, significant negative correlations between the uninjured limb LE-VMRT and FADI-Activities of Daily Living (ρ = -.60; P = .01) and FADI-Sport (ρ = -.60; P = .01) scores; and moderate, significant positive correlations between the injured limb LE-VMRT and modified Disablement in the Physically Active Scale-Physical Summary Component (ρ = .52; P = .01) and modified Disablement in the Physically Active Scale-Total (ρ = .54; P = .02) scores. All other correlations were not statistically significant. Young adult women with history of LAS demonstrated an association between self-reported constructs of HRQOL and LE-VMRT. As LE-VMRT is a modifiable injury risk factor, future studies should examine the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve LE-VMRT and the impact on self-reported HRQOL.

Hubungan Mutu Pelayanan Kefarmasian dengan Kepuasan Pasien di Apotek Wilayah Kecamatan X Kota Surakarta Tahun 2022

Pharmaceutical service quality refers to degree of service perfection that increases patient satisfaction. Pharmacies are required to review several aspects in order to improve quality of pharmaceutical services which include tangibles, empathy, assurance, responsiveness and reliability. The research objective was to determine the correlation between quality of pharmaceutical services and degree of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in pharmacy of X District Surakarta in 2022. This study is a descriptive involved 225 patients and 8 pharmacies in a survey. Pharmaceutical service data is concluded based on quality category of pharmaceutical services in pharmacies. Patient satisfaction was analyzed by comparing the weight of reality and expectations based on variables that affect patient satisfaction. Additionally, it was examined using the SPSS 23 Spearsman's Rho test to see if there was a correlation between caliber of pharmaceutical services and degree of patient satisfaction. In pharmacies of X District Surakarta, the quality of pharmaceutical services received an average score of 63,62% (sufficient) and an average percentage of patient satisfaction levels of 79.55% (satisfied) in 2022. The results of the Spearman's rho correlation test of 0.994 indicate that there is a correlation between quality of pharmaceutical services and level of patient satisfaction.

Mathematics Students' Coping Behaviour, Happiness, and Self-efficacy in the New Normal: Correlation and K-means Cluster Analysis

Students in distance education are expected to have low levels of happiness in learning. As such, they must possess coping behaviour and self-efficacy to become motivated in school. This article aims to depict the level of students’ coping behaviour, happiness, and self-efficacy in learning mathematics amid the COVID-19 pandemic and determine their association. Primary data were gathered through Google Forms from 233 available samples of mathematics students at Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines. The data were summarized through selected descriptive statistics and depicted their relationship with the aid of Spearman rho correlation. In addition, K-means clustering was employed to categorize the students into similar characteristics in regard to coping, happiness, and efficacy. The results showed that students during the pandemic are coping, moderately happy, and possess moderate self-efficacy. The correlation analysis revealed that students’ coping behaviour, happiness level, and self-efficacy are highly and directly associated with each other. This suggests that the students’ coping, happiness, and efficacy levels must go together to achieve a good academic performance in mathematics during distance education. Moreover, the K-means clustering analysis revealed that there are a group of students with significantly lower coping behaviour, happiness level, and self-efficacy in learning. In conclusion, mathematics teachers must encourage their students to engage in the classroom to boost their coping, happiness, and efficacy. Furthermore, teachers must give interesting and realistic mathematics activities, however, doable and suitable for online learning amid the health crisis.

Days Alive and Out of Hospital as a Measure of Stroke Outcome in Patients Receiving Hyperacute Stroke Intervention (P6-5.009)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To assess the criterion and construct validity of DAOH. <h3>Background:</h3> Patient outcome after stroke is frequently assessed with the modified Rankin Scale score, which is a 7-level ordinal scale from 0 – no disability, to 6-dead that is usually obtained by in-person or telephone interviews. The mRS can be prone to bias and can have significant inter-rater variability. Days alive and out of hospital at 90 days (DAOH-90) is an objective, readily available outcome measure that accounts for survival, time spent in hospital or rehabilitation settings, re-admission, and institutionalisation. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Consecutive ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy were used in this analysis. DAOH-90 was calculated from the national minimum dataset, an administrative nationwide database. mRS was assessed with in-person or telephone interviews. Simple descriptive statistics were applied (median [IQR]). The ability of DAOH-90 to distinguish between the commonly applied cut-points of mRS-90 was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Prognostic variables previously validated for mRS were assessed with Spearman’s correlation. <h3>Results:</h3> 1278 ischemic stroke patients (714 male, median age 70[59–79], median NIHSS 14[9–20] were included in this study. Overall, median DAOH-90 was 71[29–84] and median mRS-90 was 3 [2–5]. There was a strong association between mRS-90 and DAOH-90 (spearman rho correlation 0.79, p&lt;0.001). AUROC (95% CI) for predicting mRS &gt; 0, mRS &gt;1, mRS&gt;2 were 0.86 (0.84–0.88), AUC 0.88 (0.86–0.90), AUC 0.90 (0.89–0.92) respectively. DAOH-90 was significantly correlated with age (spearman rho −0.13, p&lt;0.001), admission NIHSS (spearman −0.44, p&lt;0.001), Alberta stroke programme early CT score (spearman rho 0.24, p&lt;0.001), and admission blood glucose concentration (spearman −0.24, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> DAOH-90 is statistically valid outcome measure in ischemic stroke that strongly relates to mRS-90. DAOH is an objective, patient-centric outcome measure that can be determined from large datasets and therefore its place in stroke research warrants further study. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Donnelly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hong has nothing to disclose. Mr. Boyle has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Diprose has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Campbell has received research support from Neurological Foundation. The institution of Dr. Campbell has received research support from ANZCA. The institution of Dr. Campbell has received research support from Precision Driven Health. Alan Barber has nothing to disclose.

Performance Evaluation of Online Education Management during COVID-19 Situation in Bangladesh

The physical education system collapse during the Covid-19 situation in Bangladesh and then online education was becoming popular to overcome the problem. The present study is conducted to measure the effect of online education in Covid-19 situation and the performance of the education system. The educational material, teaching facility and skill, online connection service, student acceptability, social acceptability and digital learning perception are identified as the main factor that influence online education, which are measured as (each five) close ended survey (five point Likert scale) questionnaire. The 400 survey response data are finalized by purposefully sampling in randomized block design from public and private university teachers of different division of Bangladesh and analyzed by descriptive analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Shapiro –Wilk test, One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Spearman's rho correlation, Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis H test and ordinal logistic regression model by MS Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. The result shows academic performance of online education, online educational material, online teaching facility and skill, online connection service, online student acceptability, online social acceptability and online digital learning perception are significantly higher than the median test value 3, which are significantly increasing during Covid-19 situation. It is observed that the quality of educational material, teaching facility and skill are significantly affect the academic performance of online education. But online connection service, student acceptability and social acceptability have no significant effect on the academic performance of online education. Also digital learning perception is significantly affect the academic performance of online education. It is observed from the study that the contribution of both male and female gender to the academic performance of online education are same, which are significantly higher perception from the median test value 3. The perception of private university is significantly higher than public university in the academic performance of online education, which are significantly higher perception from the median value. The perception of lower experience group has significantly higher perception on the academic performance of online education gradually. So, the experience of this study may be utilized in the planning and implementing online education management in Bangladesh.

Performance Evaluation Of Online Education Management During Covid-19 Situation In Bangladesh

The physical education system collapse during the Covid-19 situation in Bangladesh and then online education was becoming popular to overcome the problem. The present study is conducted to measure the effect of online education in Covid-19 situation and the performance of the education system. The educational material, teaching facility and skill, online connection service, student acceptability, social acceptability and digital learning perception are identified as the main factor that influence online education, which are measured as (each five) close ended survey (five point Likert scale) questionnaire. The 400 survey response data are finalized by purposefully sampling in randomized block design from public and private university teachers of different division of Bangladesh and analyzed by descriptive analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Shapiro –Wilk test, One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Spearman's rho correlation, Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis H test and ordinal logistic regression model by MS Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. The result shows academic performance of online education, online educational material, online teaching facility and skill, online connection service, online student acceptability, online social acceptability and online digital learning perception are significantly higher than the median test value 3, which are significantly increasing during Covid-19 situation. It is observed that the quality of educational material, teaching facility and skill are significantly affect the academic performance of online education. But online connection service, student acceptability and social acceptability have no significant effect on the academic performance of online education. Also digital learning perception is significantly affect the academic performance of online education. It is observed from the study that the contribution of both male and female gender to the academic performance of online education are same, which are significantly higher perception from the median test value 3. The perception of private university is significantly higher than public university in the academic performance of online education, which are significantly higher perception from the median value. The perception of lower experience group has significantly higher perception on the academic performance of online education gradually. So, the experience of this study may be utilized in the planning and implementing online education management in Bangladesh.

Nivel auditivo y su relación con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de una institución educativa de Lima

Introduction: Hearing is the usual way to acquire language, which allows us the development of thought and knowledge; hearing loss can affect the ability to learn and communicate in children and cause alterations in their behavior and academic performance. Objective: To determine the relationship between hearing level and academic performance in primary school students from a public educational institution in Lima. Methods: Observational, correlational and cross-sectional study. Otoscopy and audiometry were performed in 94 students of the sixth year of primary school of the Santa Rosa de Lima educational institution, in Los Olivos-Lima. Was used the otoscope, the audiometer and the final grades of each student of the first academic semester 2022 as instruments. The relationship was analyzed using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient. Results: 35.1% of students had mild hearing loss and 64.9% had normal hearing loss. The average academic performance of the sample was 14.74; the average academic performance of the normoacusic students, 14.89 and the average academic performance of the hearing impaired, 14.48. In the Spearman's Rho correlation análisis, it was found a positive correlation between hearing level and academic performance (0.200). Conclusions: There is a positive relationship between hearing level and academic performance in sixth grade students of the Santa Rosa de Lima- Los Olivos educational institution.

DEVELOPMENT OF DASMA INDAK - INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEO FOR ATHLETES AND COACHES IN DANCESPORT: A BASIS FOR INSTRUCTION

This descriptive quantitative research study was conducted to determine the level evaluations of the Dasma Indak- instructional video material to standard ballroom dancing of selected coaches and athletes of Dasmarinas City that serve as a basis of instruction in the training Dancesport particularly the level of evaluation of the video material in terms of visual clarity and appeal, audio, content, learning and its impact. There were 10 coaches and 46 athletes participated in this study, the information was gathered through survey questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, single factor analysis of variance, and spearman rho correlation was used to analyze the data gathered from the coaches and athletes. The result of the study found that the instructional video material is significant, effective and indicated that the Dasma-Indak instructional video material has a major long-term impact. The null hypotheses was rejected except on the test of differences in the evaluation of the Dasma-Indak instructional video material, based on the coaches years of involvement in dance sports. This study recommends that the video material to be implemented in PE courses related to Dancesport or ballroom dancing where teacher and students can benefit as well. This could be incorporated also in a wider range of area, coaches, and athletes and not limited in the City of Dasmariñas. It is also possible to develop an instructional video material in Latin American Discipline of Dancesport since the material is only limited to standard ballroom dancing. Lastly, the support for future research would further help this investigation.

KESEJAHTERAAN SUBJEKTIF SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR PERILAKU PROSOSIAL PADA SISWA SMA YANG MENGIKUTI KEGIATAN OSIS

This study aims to determine the relationship between subjective well-being and the prosocial behavior of adolescents who participate in student council activities at the high school level. This study uses a non-experimental correlational quantitative method and the sampling technique uses a purposive sampling technique; convenience sampling. Participants in this study involved 387 student council members at the high school level. The measurement tools used in this study are the subjective well-being scale and the prosocial behavior scale adapted by the Faculty of Psychology, University of Tarumanagara. The analysis used in this study is non-parametric analysis and using the Spearman rho correlation through the SPSS version 15 program. Based on the analysis , the results obtained are r: .215** and p: &lt;.005, the results of this study are that there is a significant relationship between subjective well-being and prosocial behavior in adolescents who participate in student council activities at the high school level.

PERILAKU PROSOSIAL REMAJA : BAGAIMANA PERAN KELEKATAN ORANGTUA?

This research was conducted to determine the correlation between parental attachment and prosocial behavior in adolescents. This research was conducted on 118 adolescents in the Gubeng District, Surabaya City. Data collection techniques using a research scale that is shared online. There are two scales used in this study, namely the attachment scale and the prosocial behavior scale. The data from this study were calculated with the help of SPSS version 25.0 for windows using the Spearman's rho correlation technique. The results of this study indicate a positive and significant relationship so that it can be assumed that the higher the parental attachment, the higher the prosocial behavior possessed by adolescents.

Mathematics Anxiety, Resiliency, and Chemistry Performance of Grade 9 Students

While Mathematics is a necessary component of Science, many students enter scientific courses with minimal arithmetic skills. This descriptive-correlational study examined the relationship between Grade 9 students' Mathematics anxiety and resiliency to their academic achievement in Chemistry. Data was collected from the 302 participants drawn from the total population of 1,394. A three-part, fully adopted questionnaire was used. Descriptive scores were analyzed and interpreted using mean and standard deviation. To test for significant differences in the aspects of the dependent variables, Mann-Whitney U was used, and Spearman's rho correlation was used to test for significant relationships. Results of the study revealed that the level of Mathematics anxiety of the Grade 9 students was on the "average". On the other hand, the level of Mathematics resiliency of the Grade 9 students was “high”. The study also reflected that Grade 9 students were proficient in Chemistry. Mathematics anxiety and resiliency do not correlate with Grade 9 students’ academic achievement in Chemistry. Anxiety and resiliency of Grade 9 students towards Mathematics do not affect their ability to acquire knowledge in Chemistry. Student experience of Mathematics anxiety is not closely related to their academic achievements. It is recommended that schools provide opportunities for students to cultivate more positive attitudes toward Mathematics.

The relationship between school-age children’s perceptions of their playfulness and interoceptive awareness: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT Playfulness is a key element in determining the play quality of children and interoceptive awareness (IA) has the potential to influence a range of elements of children’s play. IA refers to a person’s conscious perception of his/her internal bodily processes. This study investigated the association between school-age children’s perceptions of their IA and aspects of their playfulness. Thirty typically developing children aged between eight and 12 years completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-Youth (MAIA-y), Child Self-Report Playfulness (CSRP) scale and the Children’s Perception of Their Play (CPTP) scale. Data were analysed using Spearman rho correlations and linear regressions with bootstrapping. The MAIA-y Self-Regulation subscale was predictive of the CSRP total scale score, accounting for 9.3% of its variance (p < 0.05). The MAIA-y Not-Distracting subscale was a significant predictor of the CPTP Social Play subscale, accounting for 18.1% of its variance (p = .011). The MAIA-y Emotional Awareness subscale was found to be a significant predictor of the CPTP Free Time subscale, accounting for 15.4% of its variance (p = .018). These findings provide some preliminary evidence about the relationship between school-age children’s perceptions of their playfulness and interoceptive awareness. This provides valuable insights for therapists, educators and health professionals working with children.

Readiness, Attitude, and Acceptability of Engineering and Technology Students toward Flexible Learning Method

The COVID-19 pandemic affected every single component of society, including education. This study aims to assess the readiness, attitude, and acceptability of the college of engineering students about flexible learning modalities during the pandemic. It is essential that the institution understands the effect of the pandemic on its primary clientele, the students. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design. Six hundred seventy-one respondents were identified from the six (6) courses of the College of Engineering, University of Eastern Philippines, Catarman, Northern Samar, enrolled during the School Year 2020-2021. The researchers identified that students rely on their mobile phones to do their school activities, thus using mobile data to connect to the internet. Students experience a fair internet connection. The majority of the students came from low-income families. This means that students fall short of the readiness that flexible learning requires. Results also revealed that the students favor flexible learning methodology but are neutral in their acceptability towards flexible learning modalities. Using Spearman's Rho correlation, only internet connectivity significantly affects their attitude and acceptability towards flexible learning methods. The result means that students' good internet connectivity status can lead to a positive attitude and acceptance towards flexible learning.

Are Mosses Used in Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition Surveys Impacted by Their Substrate Soils? A National Study in Albania.

This research used moss biomonitoring to assess the atmospheric deposition of selected trace metals across the whole territory of Albania, a country of diverse lithology, and topography. Here, we assess three elements (Cr, Ni, and Co) that were identified in high concentrations compared to values reported by European moss surveys of 2010 and 2015. The possibility of element uptake by moss from substrate soils was assessed by analyzing moss and topsoil samples from the same areas. For this purpose, moss (Hypnum cupressiforme (Hedw.)) and topsoil samples were collected throughout Albania. Higher concentrations of elements in moss were found in areas of very high element content in soil characterized by no/or thin humus layer and sparse vegetation that stimulates soil dust generation. To compensate for the natural variation of the elements and to show their anthropogenic variation, geochemical normalization was conducted as the ratio of Co, Cr, and Ni concentration data to be concentration. Associations between elements in moss and soil samples, investigated by Spearman-Rho correlation analysis, indicated strong and significant correlations (r > 0.81, p = 0.000) between elements' data in moss or soil, and weak or no correlations (r < 0.4, p > 0.05) between the same data of moss and soil. Factor analysis revealed two main factors that selectively affect the elements in moss and top soil samples. Findings from this research suggested negligible interactions between moss and substrate soils, with the exception of soils with high concentrations of elements.

MiRNA-633 and KAI1 as Potential Biomarkers of Malignant Melanoma with Gastric Cancer.

Malignant melanoma with gastric cancer is one of the most malignant tumors. However, there have been no reports on the effects of KAI1 and miRNA-633 on the survival and prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma with gastric cancer. Fifty patients with malignant melanoma and gastric cancer were collected from October 2017 to December 2019. The clinical parameters included clinical information, such as sex, age, tumor size, and tumor staging. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of KAI1 and miRNA- 633. The role of KAI1 and miRNA-633 on the overall survival of melanoma was explored by the Pearson chi-square test, Spearman-rho correlation test, Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses, and Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, the bioinformatic analysis was used to verify the role of KAI1 and miRNA-633 on malignant melanoma with gastric cancer. The expression of KAI1 and miRNA-633 was significantly related with the tumor size and staging of tumor (p<0.05) based on the Pearson chi-square test. Spearman's correlation coefficient displayed that KAI1 was significantly correlated with the miRNA-633 (ρ=-0.439, p=0.001). The result of multivariate cox proportional regression analysis showed that KAI1 (HR =0.109, 95% CI: 0.031-0.375, p< 0.001), and miRNA-633 (HR = 13.315, 95% CI: 3.844-46.119, p<0.001) were significantly associated with overall survival. The low expression level of KAI1 and high expression of miRNA-633 are significantly correlated with the poor overall survival prognosis of malignant melanoma with gastric cancer, to provide a basis for KAI1 and miRNA-633 to become novel molecular targets for malignant melanoma with gastric cancer.

The Effect of Personality Traits, Class Level, and Gender on EFL Learners' Online Learning Acceptance among Tunisian University Students

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the transition from in-person instruction to online education. Most students in Tunisia repudiated such sudden transfer. This study, then, probes into factors that impact the online learning experience during the pandemic. Hence, it investigates the effect of affective variables, namely personality traits, on learners' acceptance of online learning in the Tunisian EFL formal university context. Additionally, it scrutinizes the relationship between remote learning on the one hand and class level and gender on the other hand. The considered variables are gauged using a Likert-scale response format questionnaire. The subjects are 150 Tunisian EFL university students at the Higher Institute of Applied Studies in Humanities of Gafsa. The data analysis procedures used are the alpha internal consistency coefficient informing about the instrument's reliability and the Spearman Rho correlation, giving insight into the correlations among the study variables. The study found that personality represents a good predictor of learners' acceptance of distance learning. Regarding the class level, no significant correlation was found between this variable and acceptance of online learning. The same insignificant correlation was detected between gender and Internet-based learning. Hence, the study concludes that considering learners' differences is primordial in accounting for the success of EFL online courses.

El control interno y su relación con la rentabilidad de una empresa comercial de importación, Arequipa

The objective of this article was to analyze the internal control and its relationship with the profitability of a commercial import company, Arequipa -2020, where internal control is the management tool and very important for companies to maximize their resources and generate higher profitability. The research was of a quantitative approach, correlational type and non-experimental and cross-sectional design, since this research focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained without any manipulation of the results. The population was made up of the personnel and the financial statements of the period 2018 and 2019 of a commercial import company, made up of 5 people who are the total number of personnel who work and the statements of financial position and the income statement of the period 2018 and 2019 of the company in mention. It was concluded that internal control is significantly and positively related to the profitability of acommercial import company,Arequipa -2020, since the result obtained from the Spearman's Rho correlation is 0.616, (moderate) between both variables.