Spearman's Rho Correlation Research Articles

INVESTIGATING PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AS A PREDICTOR OF FEAR OF FALLING AND FALL RISK IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Psychological factors related to appetitive and avoidant motivation, perceptions of aging, and regulatory focus (promotion focus on gains versus a prevention focus on non-losses) are likely to play an important role in predicting one’s fear of falling (FOF) and resulting impact on physical activity engagement. This pilot study aimed to investigate the gap in current research related to these psychological factors as predictors of older adults’ Fear of Falling and Fall Risk Appraisal (FRA). The study assessed positive and negative perceptions about aging in regards to control and consequences of aging (Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire [B-APQ]), motivation (Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation system [BIS/BAS]), regulatory focus in goal achievement (Regulatory Focus Questionnaire [RFQ]), FOF (Fall-Efficacy Scale-International [FES-I]), and static balance levels (BTracks Balance system [BBS]). Participants (n=48) were categorized into four FRA groups: rational (low FOF/normal balance), irrational (high FOF/normal balance), incongruent (low FOF/poor balance), and congruent (high FOF/poor balance). A Spearman Rho correlation found that FOF was positively correlated with two of the BAPQ sub-domains of Control-Positive (ρ = 0.46, p<.001) and Consequences and Control Negative (ρ = 0.43, p =.002),. A Kruskal-Wallis test found the relationship between BAPQ Control Positive and the Irrational and Rational FRA group baselines to be significant. The results suggest that among other psychological factors, perceptions about aging may be predictive of FOF and FRA in aging. These results highlight the importance of clinicians addressing not only the physiological factors of fall risk, but also the psychological factors underlying fall risk in older adults.

Mindfulness and Academic Resilience of Suburban High School Students

Being a suburban high school student is complicated. They must overcome numerous challenges, obstacles, and risks to fulfil their role as high school students. High school students need more facilities and infrastructure to develop their full potential, which can result academic setbacks. Academic resilience and mindfulness are two factors that can assist individuals in avoiding experiencing setbacks during the learning process. This study aimed to examine the correlation between mindfulness and academic resilience among suburban high school students. The research employed a quantitative method and correlational design. The study utilized the incidental sampling technique in which the sample comprised of 535 suburban high school students in Semarang Regency. The employed research instruments were the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (α = .914) and the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30) (α = .958). The data were analysed using Spearman's Rho correlation test. The study demonstrated weak significant positive correlation between mindfulness and academic resilience (r = .162 and sig = .000). This demonstrated that mindfulness was one of the factors associated with increased academic resilience among suburban high school students.

Police career and children 's academic performance in Kenya

This study attempts to illustrate how the careers of police officers affect the academic performance of their children. The research was conducted at Utawala Academy, a primary school that enrolls both police and non-police children. It applied primary data from surveys and secondary data from the school administration to address the study's research questions. This research involved 198 pupils, the headteacher, 12 teachers, and 100 parents. The respondents provided quantitative data whereby Multinomial Logistic Regression was employed to establish relationships between the dependent and independent variables. The independent paired T-Test and Spearman's rho correlation were used to examine the relationship between police careers and their offspring's academic achievement. Significant research findings indicated that police duties do indeed have an impact on their children's academic achievement. This study posited the multiple challenges encountered by Kenyan police officers that need attention and resolution to enhance and improve children's performance. This could be achieved by generating an approach where police officers work near their families. They should also be allowed to live outside government quarters, when necessary, while at the same time, all officers are encouraged to freely integrate with other members of society for elaborate socializing of their children. The "Family and Society" module should be introduced into the police training curriculum and taught at police academies.

Investigation of the 21st Century Skills of High School Students Under State Protection and Care

The aim of this study is to research the 21st century skills of high school students who are under state protection and care. To collect data, “Demographic Information Form” and “Multi-Dimensional 21st Century Skills Scale” were used In the study utilizing the survey model. The population of this study is comprised of the high school students staying in 23 different CHSs located in 12 different cities in the Marmara and Central Anatolian Regions. The data were collected from 455 students. In the analysis of the quantitative data, from among the non-parametric tests, Mann Whitney U-test, Kruskal Wallis H-test and Spearman Rho correlation analysis were used with SPSS 23.0 program package. As a result of the study, the scores taken by the students from the whole scale and its subscales were found to be high. The students’ 21st century skills were found to be varying significantly in favour the female students, the students who are never or rarely absent from school, the students participating in- and out-of-school social activities, the students who take advantage of information-communication technologies to reinforce their formal learning at school and the students who regularly meet a relative from his/her family. This study enabled us to see the deficiencies in 21st century skills of children in need of protection and showed us that children should be supported in the development of these skills.

Management and health-related quality of life among patients with prostate cancer in a Kenyan tertiary health facility

Introduction Advances made in the screening, diagnosis and management of prostate cancer have improved the survival rates of the patients. However, many of these treatments including surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy, have an impact on the subsequent health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of these patients. Since it is an important prognostic factor of survival, failure to evaluate the HRQoL and its predictors in these patients typically results in long-term deficits in their overall well-being, that is, their physical, social, emotional, and mental health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the management and HRQoL among patients with prostate cancer at Kenyatta National Hospital. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample size of 62 patients who met the eligibility criteria was selected through simple random sampling on the respective clinic days of the cancer treatment centre and urology clinic. Data was collected through a pre-tested structured questionnaire and HRQoL tools which are EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-PR25 and analysed using STATA version 13 software. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise the continuous and categorical variables. Spearman's rho (rs) correlation was used to determine the predictors of HRQoL based on the strength and significance of association at 0.05 level of significance. Results The mean age of the participants was 70.5 (±7.35) years. The majority (52, 83.9%) of the patients had a prostate specific antigen (PSA) above 20 ng/ml. Twenty-one (33.9%) were graded as Gleason group 5 and 41 (66.1%) had stage IV disease at diagnosis. Fifty (80.9%) participants were on hormonal therapy, with most of them being on combined androgen blockade. The overall HRQoL was 65.1. Fatigue, one of the major complaints among these patients, was negatively associated with physical functioning (p = 0.0005), role functioning (p = 0.0026), social functioning (p = 0.0001), financial difficulties (p = 0.0077) and quality of life (p = 0.0050). Conclusion Fatigue was the most common predictor of poor HRQoL in several scales of measurement. For those on management, frequent assessment of HRQoL should be carried out and interventions instituted immediately.

Comparing treadmill and overground versions of the two-minute walk test in people with low back pain

Purpose Individuals with Low Back Pain (LBP) often face significant disabilities, including walking limitations. We use the Two-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) to assess walking performance, comparing overground and treadmill versions for correlation and interchangeability. Material and methods A randomised cross-over study of 40 participants with LBP randomly completed the 2MWT in a hallway and on a treadmill. The correlation was analysed by the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient (r), the agreement by the Bland-Altman method, differences between the testing orders by a paired sample t-test, and the association by a univariate regression. Results A high correlation was found between the methods (r = 0.76, p < 0.01). The difference between the methods was 45.4 metres (95% CI 33.4: 57.4, p < 0.01) or 29%, with an insignificant 6.8 metres (95% CI −17.4: 31.0, p = 0.57) between the testing orders. Notably, the distance walked in the hallway served as a strong predictor, explaining a substantial portion of the variation observed in the distance covered on the treadmill (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). Conclusion Performance of the 2MWT overground and on a treadmill correlate highly in people with LBP. However, because participants walked 29% further in the hallway, treadmill walking is likely not an interchangeable alternative to testing when the aim is to evaluate performance.

Correlation between Topographic Vessel Density and Retinal Thickness Changes in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Anti-VEGF Therapy: Is It a Suitable OCTA Biomarker?

The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between topographic vessel density (VD) and retinal thickness (RT) reductions induced by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). This was a prospective, interventional case series. VD and RT measurements were separately taken in four parafoveal subfields at baseline and after six months of treatment. This correlation was statistically assessed using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The study included a total of 48 eyes in the final analysis. Mean VD decreased from baseline to month 6 (from 45.2 (±3.5) to 44.6% (±3.2) in the superficial capillary plexus and from 50 (±3.3) to 49% (±3.9) in the deep capillary plexus). Statistically significant reductions in RT were observed in all ETDRS sectors (p < 0.0001). No significant association was found between RT and VD, even when analyzing responders and non-responders separately. After six months of anti-VEGF treatment, no significant correlation was observed between the topographic VD and RT values. These findings suggest that reductions in VD values may not solely result from a reduction in microaneurysms, also being affected by the repositioning of displaced vessels due to edema and a reduction in their caliber. Therefore, VD changes may not be a suitable indirect OCTA biomarker of microaneurysm turnover and treatment response.

Differentiating attack-defense performance for starting and bench players during the Tokyo Olympics men’s basketball competition

This study aimed to explore the differences in attack-defense performance between the top and bottom teams for starting and bench players during the Tokyo Olympics men’s basketball competition, to determine the relationship between the attack-defense performance of starting and bench players and the final competition rankings, as well as with each performance indicator. The rank-sum ratio (RSR) comprehensive evaluation was employed to describe the attack-defense performance of starting and bench players. Additionally, an independent sample t-test, Spearman Rho Correlation, and Pearson Correlation were conducted to test the differences and relationships between the various variables at a 0.05 level of significance, respectively. The results indicated that the top four teams showed significant differences in the attack-defense performance of their starting players compared to the bottom four teams (p = 0.021), mainly in terms of 3-point shooting percentage (p = 0.042) and free throw shooting percentage (p = 0.044). Besides that, the attack-defense ranks of both starting players (p = 0.004, r = 0.757) and bench players (p = 0.020, r = 0.658) had a significant correlation with the final rankings. Points per game, 2-point field goal percentage, and assists had a statistically significant (p&lt;0.01) and strong positive correlation (0.70&lt;r&lt;0.90) with the attack-defense performance of both starting and bench players. 3-point field goal percentage, offensive rebounds, defensive rebounds, steals, and blocks were the technical indicators that distinguish starting from bench players. In conclusion, one of the common characteristics of the top national basketball teams was the strong attack-defense ability of the starting players. It is recommended that coaches select players with stronger 3-point shooting ability and more accurate free-throw shooting into the team’s starting rotation.

Target-controlled infusion: A comparative, prospective, observational study of the conventional TCI pump and the novel smartphone-based application iTIVA.

Empirically adjusted, standard drug doses fail to address interindividual pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics variability. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) delivers drugs in calibrated boluses to achieve and maintain a selected target plateau drug level (plasma or effect site). Interactive total intravenous anesthesia (iTIVA™) smartphone software simulates TCI and employs 31 established pharmacokinetic models for 11 different intravenous agents and is coupled with standard volumetric infusion pumps for administering TCI. This prospective, observational, study investigates the degree of agreement between iTIVA and a conventional TCI pump (CTP) for the volume of propofol infused using the Schnider pharmacokinetic model in adult patients of either sex undergoing oncosurgery lasting 1-3 h under total intravenous anesthesia. Bland-Altman analysis of 124 data pairs from 30 patients provided bias, precision, and limits of agreement between the volumes infused by CTP and iTIVA (V-CTP and V-iTIVA) during specific identical time periods. Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficients provided the degree of association between V-CTP and V-iTIVA. Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau were 0.996 and 0.964, respectively. Bias or the mean of differences was -0.02, while the limits of agreement were 0.58 and -0.63, respectively (Bland-Altman plot). The maximum allowed difference of 2 ml was much larger than the 95% confidence intervals for the limits of agreement. The Mountain plot was short tailed (-1.28 to 1.55) and centred over zero (0.01). The volume of propofol infused using TCI pump was similar to that calculated by iTIVA in identical time periods, confirming the clinical applicability of iTIVA.

Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function and Global Physical Health Subscale Strongly Correlate and Perform Similarly to the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short Form

BackgroundArthroplasty surgeons use a variety of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess functional well-being, including the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Physical Function short form (KOOS-PS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function Short Form 10a (PROMIS PF SF 10a), and PROMIS Global-10 Physical Health subscale. However, there is a paucity of literature assessing their concurrent validity and performance. MethodsBetween June 2016 and December 2020, patient visits at an arthroplasty clinic for knee concerns were identified. Patients who completed KOOS-PS, PROMIS PF SF 10a, and PROMIS Global-10, including its physical and mental health subscales, at the same visit were identified. Spearman rho (ρ) correlations were calculated and ceiling and floor effects identified. Overall, 5,303 patient encounters were included. ResultsAmong physical function domains, strong correlation existed between the KOOS-PS and PROMIS PF SF 10a (ρ = 0.76, P < .001), KOOS-PS and PROMIS Global Physical Health (ρ = 0.71, P < .001), and PROMIS PF SF 10a and PROMIS Global Physical Health (ρ = 0.78, P < .001). No physical function–focused PROM had an appreciable floor effect (ie, at or more than 1%). The KOOS-PS had a small but measurable ceiling effect (n = 105 [2.0%]). ConclusionsAll of the examined PROMs are acceptable to measure the functional status of patients with knee pathology, with the PROMIS Global-10 also being able to capture elements of mental health too. The PROMIS Global-10 may be of most value of the PROMs assessed, as the United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services already incorporate the mental health component into new alternative payment models.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Elastography in Comparison with Dynamic Renal Nuclear Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Unilateral Pelvi–Ureteric Junction Obstruction

IntroductionIn hydronephrosis due to pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO), an obstruction to urine flow may lead to increased pelvic pressure, which may cause interstitial fibrosis and renal impairment. Recently, there have been reports on renal pelvic assessment using ultrasound elastography (USE). This study was conducted to see if USE can evaluate PUJO and if it can be correlated to the findings of the dynamic renal nuclear scan. Material and methodsIn this observational study, only patients with unilateral PUJO underwent acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography. A rectangular region of interest (ROI) measuring 5 × 10 mm was positioned on the cortex region of the upper, mid, and lower poles of the affected kidney. Three valid measurements were obtained, from which a mean value was calculated. A dynamic renal nuclear scan using Technetium-99m ethylene dicysteine (EC or TC99 m EC) was obtained and split renal function (SRF) was used for comparison. ResultsIn the group of 20 patients, the mean age was 3.37 years. The mean SRF of the affected kidney was 26.65 %, and the corresponding USE value was 0.45 kpa. The Spearman's rho correlation coefficient for SRF and USE was 1 and 0.672, respectively (p = 0.001). Elastography was not feasible if SRF was less than 20 %. ConclusionUSE may be able to comment on the renal functional status of hydronephrosis. If USE is reported as non-feasible, it may suggest that renal function is grossly compromised. It may serve as an alternative diagnostic modality for renal functional evaluation. Level of evidenceLevel II, Prospective Cohort Study.

Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement: Keys to Translating No Poverty and Quality Education SDGs in Philippine Peripheral Communities

Abstract The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program to alleviate socio-economic conditions in the Philippines, addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 (No Poverty) and 4 (Quality Education). It attempts to address poverty, which is a risk factor to education among Filipinos. However, the program impact on education and economy remains understudied. This paper investigated the recipients of the CCT and analyzed parental involvement and its influence on students’ academic achievement. In this study, parental involvement refers to parenting, learning at home, volunteering, school decision-making, collaborating, and communicating, while academic achievement pertains to the students’ academic performance in the core learning areas: Science, Mathematics, English, and Filipino. Using a descriptive-correlation method, the respondents were randomly selected comprising 306 parents and 306 students in Tarragona District, Davao Oriental, Philippines. The data were analyzed using Spearman Rho Correlation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results showed there was no statistical correlation between parental involvement and student’s academic achievement. Parents had low involvement in learning at home, volunteering, and school decision-making. On the other hand, the students demonstrated high academic achievement in the core learning areas. The significant step of the Philippine government for education through the CCT is an effective approach to keeping children in school. Emphasis must be placed on strengthening parental involvement in children’s education to ensure academic success.

Gamification in Mobile Apps: Assessing the Effects on Customer Engagement and Loyalty in the Retail Industry

Gamification, involving elements like earning points and badges, has emerged as a strategy to enhance user retention. This study investigates the impact of gamification on customer engagement and loyalty in the retail industry, addressing challenges in user retention for mobile apps. The objective comprises learning about gamification's influence, exploring user satisfaction components, and offering recommendations. The study adopts a survey-based descriptive research approach in Bengaluru city, targeting prospective gamification-enabled app users. The study collected data from a sample of 116 participants in Bengaluru, Statistical analyses conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) included descriptive statistics to profile the participants, factor analysis to identify key components influencing user experience, and Spearman's rho correlation analysis to explore relationships between gamification, engagement, and user recommendations.

Learning style preference and the academic achievements of medical students in an integrated curriculum.

Understanding how individuals learn best, known as learning style, is integral to optimizing educational outcomes. This analytical study was conducted among students in their fourth year who finalized their problem-based activities at the College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. The visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic (VARK) model was adopted to assess individual differences in learning preferences and their correlation with academic achievement in the problem-based learning (PBL)-dependent curriculum. The online self-administered survey was completed by 64 students with a response rate of 79%. Of these, 63.5% were men and 36.5% were women, with a mean age of 21.9 years and a grade point average (GPA) of 3.83. Analysis of learning style distribution revealed that 34.9% preferred visual, 54% preferred auditory, 17.5% preferred read/write, and 90.5% preferred kinesthetic styles. Also, combined learning modalities revealed that 14.3% preferred unimodal, 74.6% bimodal, and 11.1% trimodal approaches. The most frequent unimodal approach was kinesthetic, while auditory/kinesthetic and visual/auditory/kinesthetic were the predominant bimodal and trimodal preferences. No significant differences in GPA were found among students with different selective learning styles or combined learning modalities, as determined by one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests. Spearman's rho correlation revealed a positive correlation between the learning modality and the auditory style (P < 0.001). Also, a negative correlation was identified between reading/writing versus kinesthetic and auditory versus visual learning styles (P = 0.001). However, no significant correlations were identified between grades or GPA and specific learning styles. It can be concluded that the integrated PBL-dependent curriculum adopted at the College of Medicine, University of Bisha, is a suitable teaching modality satisfying different learning styles, but continuous monitoring is crucial.

Kekerassan Verbal dengan Motivasi Menolong Korban pada Relawan PMI di Surabaya

A volunteer is someone who contributes their time, energy, and skill to meet the needs of a community without any financial benefit from the contribution. Verbal abuse is an utterance towards someone that is considered demeaning, insulting, racist, or degrading using a high-pitched voice, because this form of psychological violence can attack a person's emotional or mental state. Motivation is a person's encouragement in acting to carry out activities to achieve certain goals. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between verbal abuse and the motivation to help victims among PMI volunteers in Surabaya. The research design used is a correlational descriptive analysis that analyzes the relationship between verbal abuse and the motivation to help victims of PMI volunteers in Surabaya. The approach in this research is cross-sectional. The sampling technique in this study uses probability sampling. The population in this study are 121 members of KSR PMI Surabaya, with a total sample that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 93 people. Data collection uses a questionnaire about verbal abuse that consists of 30 questions, reliability and validity test with a result of 0.0703, and a motivational questionnaire consisting of 30 questions using the Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI) questionnaire. The data is then tested using the Spearman Rho Correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced high verbal abuse when helping victims as much as 77.4%. Most of the respondents had a strong motivation when helping victims as much as 36.6%. The results showed that there was a relationship between verbal abuse and motivation to help victims in PMI volunteers in Surabaya with a correlation test showing an r value of 0.513 with a value of &lt;0.001. The high level of verbal abuse on PMI volunteers requires strong motivation. This requires support from family and fellow volunteers who always provide encouragement and strength when helping victims.

Correlación entre pérdida auditiva y deterioro cognitivo en el adulto mayor

Introduction: Hearing loss or hearing loss in the elderly is generally caused by degenerative changes typical of aging and can influence the cognitive deterioration of the person, which is manifested by different changes in memory as age increases. Objective: To determine the relationship between hearing loss and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Method: Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. Otoscopy, audiometry and the Pfeiffer questionnaire were performed in 104 adults over 65 years of age, who attended the Otorhinolaryngology service of the Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital. The otoscope, the audiometer and the Pfeiffer questionnaire were used as instruments. Analyzing the relationship using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient. Results: Hearing loss was found in 58 cases (55.8%) and normal hearing in 46 cases (44.2%). When applying the Pfeiffer questionnaire to determine cognitive status, an average global score of 8.5 was obtained, determining that values less than 8 are considered mild cognitive impairment. Evidencing mild cognitive impairment in 7% of normoacusics and in 26% of hypoacusics. When performing Spearman's Rho correlation, a high positive correlation was found between hearing loss and cognitive impairment (0.864), significant (0.000&lt;0.05). Conclusions: There is a high positive relationship between hearing loss and cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Tingkat Kecemasan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II di Puskesmas Kerabitan I

The primary issue in type II diabetes mellitus is the body's inadequate reaction to insulin (insulin resistance), resulting in the inability of glucose to enter the cells. Preserving mental well-being, particularly by preventing anxiety, is a method that can be employed to address insulin resistance in individuals with diabetes. The objective of this study was to establish the correlation between anxiety levels and blood glucose levels in individuals diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus. The research employed a quantitative correlation methodology with a cross-sectional approach. The study consisted of a sample size of 40 respondents, and the sampling method employed was non-probability sampling using purposive sampling. The findings indicated that a significant proportion of participants, specifically 33 individuals (82.5%), reported experiencing mild anxiety and had elevated blood glucose levels. The Spearman's Rho correlation test yielded a statistically significant result (p-value = 0.017, &lt;0.05). A correlation was observed between the anxiety levels and blood sugar levels of patients diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus at UPTD Puskesmas Kerambitan I in 2021. It is important for individuals with diabetes to prioritize their psychological well-being, particularly by avoiding anxiety as it can negatively impact blood glucose levels.

The Relationship between Learning Needs and Interest of Computer Training Participants in (LKP) Kurnia Pancung Soal, Pesir Selatan

The research was motivated by the low interest of computer training participants at LKP Kurnia Computer, Pancung Soal District, Pesisisir Selatan Regency, this is thought to be related to their learning needs. The objectives of this research are 1) to describe the learning needs of computer training participants at LKP Kurnia, Pesisir Selatan Regency, 2) to describe the learning interests of computer training participants at LKP Kurnia, Pesisir Selatan Regency, and 3) to determine the relationship between learning needs and the interests of computer training participants at LKP Kurnia South Coastal Regency. This research includes quantitative research with a correlational type, the population in this study was 30 people. The sample in this research was 70% of 30 people, namely 20 people. The data collection technique is a questionnaire with a data collection tool using an instrument containing a list of statements or questions. The data analysis technique in the research is percentage using the Spearman Rho correlation formula. The results of the research can be seen: 1) Learning needs at LKP Kurnia Computer are categorized as poor, 2) interest in learning at LKP Kurnia Computer based on all sub-variables is categorized as low, and 3) there is a significant relationship between learning needs and interest in learning at LKP Kurnia Computer.Keywords: Learning needs, learning interests, course institutions

Correlation Between Sleep Duration and Visual Acuity: A Single Center Study

Introduction: Students, especially at the senior high school level, are increasingly required to be able to develop according to predetermined standards. When the duration of learning increases, unconsciously, the duration of using the eyes also increases while the sleep duration decreases. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the correlation between short duration of sleep and decreased visual acuity among senior high school students. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted, in which the students filled out questionnaires and underwent visual examination. The population was all final-year students at one of Sidoarjo Senior High School in East Java, with the age range of 16-18 years. Two variables involved in this study were sleep duration and visual acuity of the left and right eye. The data will be analyzed using Spearman Rho correlation analysis to determine the cause and effect of the two variables studied. Results: The sample according to the gender was 45.5% male and 54.5% female. The sample according to the age range was 76.1% in 17 years old and 23.9 % in 18 years old. The correlation test results were 0.277 and 0.009 for the correlation coefficient and the significance value for the right eye. The results were 0.234 for the correlation coefficient and 0.028 for the significance value for the left eye. There was a significant correlation between sleep duration and the visual acuity reduction. Conclusions: This study reveals that less sleep duration of the final year students between 16-18 years old range may be associated with reduced visual acuity among students.

PENGARUH KUALITAS TIDUR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA KULIAH STATISTIKA MAHASISWA SEMESTER 1 PENDIDIKAN FISIKA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

Changes in sleep patterns depend on daily activities or activities. Activities that are too busy will have an impact on reducing a person's sleep duration. If this happens continuously it will affect health. Poor sleeping habits with long sleep duration will have a negative impact. Likewise, short sleep duration will also have a bad impact on the body. Sleep quality is one of the many factors that influence student learning outcomes. Sleep quality can be influenced by how fast or how long we sleep, sleep duration can be influenced by many factors such as; age, gender, genetics and health conditions can influence how much sleep a person needs. This study aims to identify the effect of sleep duration of first semester Physics Education students on their statistics learning outcomes. By knowing their study results and their sleep duration, it is hoped that students will be able to better manage their sleep hours. The method used in this research is a quantitative method which is a type of quantitative research. Data analysis using the Spearman's rho correlation statistical test, obtained a value of p = 0.153 (p &gt; 0.05) with a confidence level of 95% so it can be concluded that there is not sufficient evidence to support the existence of a correlation between sleep quality results and learning outcomes. Students with poor sleep quality do not always have poor learning results.