Spatial Typologies Research Articles

Continuity and Interruption in Architecture /Case of the historic urban landscape of Finiq (ancient Phoeniciae), Albania

The conventional object-based approach that focuses on singular built heritage assets is currently changing towards a more holistic approach where the setting and context of a heritage site as well as its development play a greater role. This paper explores the com- plex interrelation between the built environment and its natural and rural setting in Finiq, Al- bania. It introduces the concept of historic urban landscape in Finiq, taking into consideration the rich heritage legacy of the area mainly represented by the remains of the ancient city of Phoinike located in the hill overlooking the contemporary rural settlement. The purpose of the paper is to understand the special role that the landscape has had through- out history in the place-making of the settlements of this region, in the shaping of the form of the built settlement and in the development of local spatial typologies. Eventually it seeks to highlight the role that the historic urban landscape approach can play in developing a sense of cohesion and flow between historic and contemporary or between built and natural setting. The analysis of the interrelation between built environment and natural setting is undertaken through the use of the architectural concepts of “continuity” and “interruption”. This interrelation is explored in three scales being land use, spatial development as well as building scale also by taking into consideration two factors being time and space. Through offering an overview of the historic traces still present and continuing in the territory and also by highlighting the interrupted relations or traces and their impact in the settlement urban form, the conclusions and findings can help to understand contemporary challenges and develop a series of new interpretations in the Finiq area. The final aim is to contribute to the general discourse in of considering relationships between historic built areas and their setting in a more comprehensive and integrated way.

On the Public and the Human: Kenneth Frampton’s References to the Space of Appearance

The term “the space of appearance,” which originates from the writings of Hannah Arendt, resonated strongly within the writings of Kenneth Frampton. In this article, I trace how Frampton understands this notion. As he has been mostly concerned with the democratic necessity to establish a public realm, he laments the loss of architecture’s ability to establish such a realm. Arendt’s notion informs him to turn to the local and thus can be understood as informative with regards to his engagement with “critical regionalism” and his attempt to define an architecture resisting neocapitalist urbanisation and its inherent placelessness. By introducing Martin Heidegger’s distinction between space and place, he connects Arendt’s “appearance” to bounded spaces and the notion of proximity. Frampton, I claim, nevertheless does not align the “space of appearance” with particular spatial typologies, but develops his understanding of the potential (or lost potential) of architecture through the reflection on specific projects.

The meaning of the home in the realm of Korean everyday life

Purpose This paper investigates the relationship between home spaces and social practice to explore how social practice informs the spatial typologies of the Korean home in the realm of everyday life. It identifies everyday activities socially embedded within the culture that contribute to a phenomenological understanding of the Korean home.Design/methodology/approach This paper incorporates a literature review of the conceptualisation of the traditional Korean home, as well as theoretical research concerning the spatial usage of the Korean home. This paper investigates (1) architectural and social aspects of traditional Korean homes, (2) social practice in the ondol, maru and madang as living spaces, and (3) the meaning of Korean home through analysis of spatial usages.Findings The analysis of the relationship between everyday activity and the home suggests that the Korean home is marked by (1) flexibility (changing the role and characteristics of individual components), (2) spatial extension (combining different areas), and (3) a blurred boundary between indoors and outdoors.Originality/value This paper considers the social and cultural aspects of the Korean home rather than its physical and architectural components; it demonstrates that the home as an everyday space holds both social and sacredness in a manner that is responsive to Korean cultural and social identity. Therefore, this paper will contribute to an understanding and provide knowledge of particular cultural types of the Korean home.

Rethinking the designs of private spaces in kindergartens through the views of children

Despite insufficient attention, children have the right to a quality educational environment that respects their need for privacy and is designed with their participation. The study aims to seek how to design better private space in kindergarten with the help of the children’s perspective. Spatial typologies created by scrutinizing kindergarten environments have been submitted to children’s evaluation. In the participatory study conducted in one private kindergarten in Turkey, 20 children aged 5 to 6 have conveyed their thoughts through drawings, group and individual interviews. Data analysis shows that private spaces that have escape holes, allow personal choices, formable, relate its form to confidence and imagination, and provide comfort, support children’s privacy needs. Design proposals for spatial typologies have been developed to contribute to academic and practical fields by discussing the impact of this issue on child development.

Rhythmanalysis of Switzerland

Rhythmanalysis is a valuable analytical approach for charting daily rhythms, both for individuals and at the collective level, in order to feel the pulse of a territory and understand the way in which it is inhabited in terms of both space and time. Conceptually, the paper illustrates the importance of understanding the rhythms of territories in order to move beyond traditional spatial typologies, which focus mainly on functional and demographic aspects, by looking through the three-dimensional lens of time geography to focus on the potential behaviours in which individuals may engage in a given space at a given time, taking into account any constraints. The analyses reveal significant differences in different spaces in terms of rhythmic intensities and the types of activities practised. This spatio-temporal approach makes it possible to deploy a new reading grid of territorial differentiations and, more generally, to refocus on the issue of urbanisation and metropolisation, based on the rhythms of daily life of the residents. Such an approach facilitates an understanding of the urban phenomenon that goes beyond strictly functional aspects to focus on the way in which territories are inhabited both in space and in time.

Tipologi Ruang Rumah Usaha Pengrajin Kain Sasirangan

Sasirangan fabric artisans carry out the production process in their respective houses. The house not only functions as a living space but also as a production space. Sasirangan fabric is a typical craft from Sasirangan Village, Banjarmasin, which is a source of livelihood for the community. The local government has designated Sasirangan Village as a riverfront area so that the existence and uniqueness of artisans's houses are in danger of being lost. The purpose of this case study research on the spatial typology of artists' business houses is to identify the different types of business houses based on the stage of production and space utilization patterns. The analysis was conducted by arranging categories based on function, spatial relationship patterns, and spatial organization. The research results show that six spatial typologies of business houses were found based on their space utilization patterns.

The Use of Sense of Presence in Studies on Human Behavior in Virtual Environments: A Systematic Review

Sense of presence is a key element of the user experience in the study of virtual environments. Understanding it is essential for disciplines, such as architecture and environmental psychology, that study human responses using simulated environments. More evidence is needed on how to optimize spatial presence in simulations of built environments. A systematic review was conducted to define the use of sense of presence in research on human behavior in virtual spaces. Conceptualized dimensions, measurement methodologies, simulation technologies and associated factors were identified. The study identified a diversity of approaches and the predominance of subjective measures over sense of presence indicators. Several studies noted that environmental variables and spatial typologies had significant effects on presence. The results showed that different user profiles responded to stimuli in different ways. The results emphasized the importance of conceiving the construct in interrelation with the built context. A more comprehensive and multidisciplinary orientation is required to identify principles that optimize the spatial experience in virtual environments. This will be important for disciplines that research the human experience using virtual environments.

Do Factors like Capacity, Wage, Growth, and Type of Geography Have an Impact on Poverty in East Java ?

On the island of Java, East Java is one of the provinces with the highest rates of poverty. Public policies and spatial typologies are thought to have an impact on the region's poverty in addition to market factors. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of changes in East Java's poverty levels on changes in regional economic size (GDP), wages, fiscal capacity, and geographic type. The results of 38 regencies and cities using the panel data regression approach from 2012 to 2021 reveal that while district/city minimum salaries have no meaningful impact on poverty, economic growth, and greater fiscal capacity did. The study's findings also indicate that there are no appreciable disparities in poverty levels across coastal and inland regions.

The material kept the score: media and material practice in Jennifer Bloomer’s constructions, 1985–1992

Recent scholarship has highlighted the significance of media — photographs, drawings, magazines, and exhibitions — for late twentieth-century architectural production. The proliferating media of the period, however, has presented problems for historians. Does this expanded media sphere confirm the views of dominant period actors that the era was concerned with representation rather than materialisation? This paper challenges the characterisation of media as an agent of de-materialisation by highlighting the projects of Jennifer Bloomer, a practitioner and theorist who worked with new physical media derived from Conceptual Art. Architectural interest in Conceptual Art was prompted in part by the intense engagement of Conceptual artists with space in performance, land, and installation artworks. After 1975, architects on both sides of the Atlantic utilised Conceptual Art forms to move away from established architectural media. This essay begins by outlining the architectural turn to the physical media of Conceptual Art and uses the broader context of Conceptual Art to illuminate three installations produced by Bloomer over the period from 1985 to 1992. Borrowing from Conceptual Art’s particular spatial typologies and material interests, Bloomer used physical matter to confront the ideals and idealising functions of architecture and representation. To contest idealisation founded on significant exclusions and erasures, Bloomer used materials to embed architecture’s margins within her work, from marginalised building technologies and transgressive matter, to repressed histories. These installations, to borrow a phrase from Dominic Rahts, produced a ‘material continuity with the world', rather than a dematerialised media. Recovering Bloomer’s projects and framing them within a larger body of Conceptual Art-Architecture projects, this paper intends to expand the terrain and terms of late twentieth-century architectural production. It highlights those who worked with physical media and within a Conceptual Art tradition that asserted the materiality of the representational medium. Media could be material and representational.

The influence of urban planning parameters on the climatic performance of urban fabrics: A predictive investigation in Arapiraca-AL, Brazil

Research Purpose: High urban density, often considered as harmful for the urban climate, may correspond to different morphologies of urban structures. The objective of this study is a predictive evaluation of the climatic performance of urban fabrics, presenting different densities and morphological patterns, based on the correlation of traditional and advanced urban planning parameters. Methodology: The methodological procedures were: a) computer simulation for predictive analysis of climate performance of hypothetical scenarios using ENVI-met model; b) statistical analysis to verify the degree of correlation between environmental and urban morphology variables. Air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed of the hypothetical scenarios and of spatial typologies were analysed in the urban site of Arapiraca-AL located in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Findings: A negative correlation was observed between the behavior of the maximum air temperature (dependent variable) and the advanced urban planning parameters of the mesh porosity and the arboreal density index (independent variables), through correlation coefficient with absolute values above 0,7. Originality/Value: Correlation analysis indicated the influence of morphological patterns on the climatic performance of urban fabrics. The results demonstrate that advanced urban parameters can be investigated to optimize the use of bioclimatic strategies in the urban environment.

The green quality of urban spatial development: A multi-dimensional and multi-regional model using big data

Spatial development involves multi-dimensional and multi-regional objectives that might be competing, while few studies have examined these issues simultaneously. We proposed a comprehensive model to assess the green quality of urban spatial development (GQUSD), focusing on the synergy of multi-dimensional objectives and the balance of multi-regional interests. The metropolitan city of Hangzhou was taken as an example. We included land consumption, vegetation loss and infrastructure cost as the inputs and the density of production and living activities as the outputs of spatial development. We developed a categorical Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) using geospatial big data and stratified optimization to evaluate the synergy of inputs-outputs at the finer level of spatial grids. Resultsshow a “sandwich” structure of the GQUSD in Hangzhou when considering green space and vegetation loss, and characterize four spatial typologies of agglomerated development, limited development, blinded development and low-potential development through the Bivariate Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) analysis. The “sandwich” structure is shaped by spatial processes of socio-economic agglomeration, industrial-driven sprawl, new-town development and suburbanization of high-end sectors. We also find green inequality in the spatial development of Hangzhou where vegetation costs were higher in manufactural industrial sites and low-income communities. We provide urban planning strategies to balance competing interests across regions, objectives, functions and communities for green growth and sustainable goals.

Spatial typologies in psychiatric facilities

AbstractA psychiatric facility represents a temporary home for its patients. Multiple studies have provided ample evidence that the built environment has the potential to support patients in their recovery process, in part by offering a homely surrounding. If their environment also succeeds in creating a therapeutic milieu in which the patients’ needs for protection, security, privacy, and orientation are met, the contribution of these surroundings can be even more significant. For example, clear, comprehensible building structures help patients to find their way around the new environment and further provide a feeling of security. To fulfill this goal, planners should pay special attention to the access zones and semi-public spaces in these types of buildings, as psychiatric patients often spend a lot of time there. Corridors should provide high spatial quality with daylight areas and places to sit down.Based on an analysis of more than 30 psychiatric facilities in Germany, three spatial typologies were identified within which the factors listed above have been explored.Firstly, the “Pavilion type”: square or slightly rectangular pavilion structures, generally with courtyards enclosed on four sides and multiple additions. This typology is found very often, especially on new build sites. The Pavilion type allows a useful combination of room functions and good lighting of all spaces. Secondly, the “L- or T-shaped type”: Linked L- or T-shaped, often appearing as comb-like buildings. These structures are particularly successful in integrating with the surrounding landscape. Thirdly, the “Block type”: Closed, block-like single-floor and two-floor typologies of different lengths. However, these building structures are increasingly rare as they often appear out of human scale and result in long, monotonous corridors.In building design it is crucial to consider the triad of “architecture/interior design/ and landscape design” and to emphasize the specifics of the site. Each of these typologies offer different opportunities to achieve this goal; yet, only when a unique atmosphere is created – one in which everyone feels accepted and is seen as an individual – can patients, staff and visitors feel the comfort and support of a successful homely environment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Impact of residential everyday urban spaces conception on children community play behavior and cognitive development: the case of Cairo and Paris

This research was initiated with the objective of investigating the potential impact of urban space design on play behavior and child development. Two neighborhoods (in Paris and Cairo) with similar spatial typologies (garden, pedestrian pathways, assembly zone, courtyard, building buffers, and pockets), but with different spatial attributes forming different configurations, were investigated. The study relies on causal comparative survey and intrinsic case study approaches. Data collection was conducted through children behavioral observations on children aged from 5 to 12 , perceptual drawing activities and informal interviews with child-led walks. The children are from middle socio-cultural segments of both societies that helped in understanding children’s play in a variety of outdoor settings. The assembled data was analyzed within the shadow of Trialectic Space and Affordances theories to the two neighborhoods, where children perception to their lived ambiance was identified. Trialectic theory helps in comprehending the difference between the conceived space by designers, the perceive space by children, and the resulted lived space. Affordance theory helps to link the environmental characteristics and the users’ behaviors according to their capabilities. Based on the analyzed data, the study identified a set of specific spatial physical aspects and functional qualities “potentialities” associated to children experiences and their space preferences. The study recommended that urban planners should extract themes essential for creating “child friendly” environment.

From Home to Inn: The Evolution of Rural Dwellings in the Taihang Area of Northern Henan

With the rapid development of China’s economy, rural tourism is developing in full swing throughout the country, attracting significant capital inflow with its unique historical features and natural landscapes. In recent years, vernacular architectures are experiencing a spontaneous transformation. The evolution of vernacular architecture presents a development trend of “self-organization”. In order to study the evolution of vernacular architecture in the context of tourism development, the authors consider tourism villages in the southern Taihang area. Samples of rural vernacular architecture were selected, analysing spatial typologies and the theory of self-organization in the development process. Finally, the article finds that the evolving development mechanisms are considered as vernacular architecture of the region shifts from disorder to order.

Numerical Investigations on Natural Ventilation in Atria of China's Southern Yangtze Vernacular Dwellings

The Southern Yangtze Dwellings in South China, have cultivated unique spatial typologies that utilize atrium for natural ventilation in the long-term adaptation to the complex climate of hot summer and cold winter (HSCW), which is of great value to be identified and verified. Therefore, this study presents numerical investigation of natural ventilation in atria of Southern Yangtze Dwellings using a validated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling approach with the RNG k-ε turbulence model is used for the numerical simulation performed in OpenFOAM. Three architecturally typical forms, namely, the semi-encircled atrium, the centralized atrium and the symmetric atrium are generated by means of drone photography, online modeling and statistical data analysis. A series of CFD simulations as well as horizontal comparison and diachronic analysis of these geometric models are conducted to determine the ventilation mechanism, wind structure and thermal environment in and around the buildings. The findings of the current research give quantitative evidence of the effectiveness of the natural ventilation strategies of atrium under circadian and seasonal situations, and moreover contribute to a comprehensive knowledge for designing modern climate responsive buildings with optimum ventilation function.

The Significance of Environmental Factors in Human-Centred Lighting Policy

Lighting policies and the influence of light colour parameters on humans and the environment are complex. The opinions of experts and the optimisation of night-time lighting policies create a suitable nightscape that satisfies users’ needs and minimises environmental impacts. This study aims to provide a nightscape design policy for outdoor spaces considering environmental factors. This evaluation can provide multidisciplinary policy recommendations and evaluate the position of environmental considerations in human-centred lighting design. Initially, the factors affecting the night landscape are identified and priorities are subsequently determined on a smaller scale based on the typology of Tehran’s nightscape. The data output from these prioritisations is used to develop how the lights in the night landscape can be improved for various spatial typologies. Finally, a human and environment-friendly conceptual model is developed.

A Holistic Approach to Strategic Sustainable Development of Urban Voids as Historic Urban Landscapes from the Perspective of Urban Resilience

Since complex urban systems are a combination of different spatial typologies and may have various complex characteristics (human, environmental, social, economic, political, and cultural), decision-making cannot be done without a holistic approach and complex analysis and evaluation of the possible development scenarios. This is especially true in today’s world, where spatial and urban planning must consider various objectives such as sustainable development, accessibility, landscape characteristics, and public interests on a strategic level. This results in the need to use appropriate decision support and decision-making tools in the strategic urban planning process of complex urban environments with Historic Urban Landscapes (HUL) characteristics to improve urban development and resilience. The proposed evaluation model, “Strategic Planning for Urban Resilience—SPUR model,” is based on a holistic approach to spatial planning with an emphasis on the strategic sustainable development of urban voids as HULs and was tested on the case study of the Delta area in the City of Rijeka, Croatia. The proposed holistic approach can help in scenario building, evaluation, and selection of planning alternatives, as well as decision-making processes in urban management, by enabling the evaluation and control of complex scenarios from a sustainable development perspective.

Trajectories for Energy Transition in EU-28 Countries over the Period 2000-2019: a Multidimensional Approach.

Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global warming. The European Climate Energy Package is an ambitious plan which drives the trajectories of European countries in three directions: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. This article is original in that it considers the three targets together using multidimensional data analysis methods, a methodology which makes it possible to propose temporal and spatial typologies for the energy transition of European countries over the period 2000–2019. Results show evidence of a gradual transition over three sub-periods towards a more environmentally conscious economy. Four distinct types of energy transition profiles are identified, highlighting the contrasting performances of EU Members in terms of energy transition. In particular, some economically more advanced countries, namely Germany, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, are lagging in achieving their targets. Finally, discriminant analyses suggest that economic performance, trade performance, innovation system and policy mix design have been particularly effective in promoting energy transition over the period 2000–2019, while only innovation system helps to explain the contrasting results observed at country level over that time.

Weighting Analysis of Design Elements for Urban Regeneration in the Era of Autonomous Vehicles

In consideration of the era of autonomous vehicles (AVs), this study aims to derive design elements for urban regeneration through literature review and expert brainstorming and analyze their composite weights in relation to urban spatial typologies. The design elements were organized into five regeneration categories: Environment & Landscape (EL), Transportation & Technology (TT), Resource & Energy (RE), Society & Culture (SC), and Economy & Industry (EI), each with six design elements, and the existing urban space into 10 types in consideration of spatial attributes based on current and future vehicle occupancy. The weight of each design element and space type was analyzed using an expert survey and hierarchical composite analysis model (HCAM), whereby Inclusive Design (TT1) was rated the most important of the 13 composite weighted design elements, followed by Smart Infrastructure (TT3), Pedestrian-Friendly Streetscape (EL4), Public Open Space (EL3), and Renewable Energy (RE3) in relation to the spatial types of Parking Only (H), Transportation Infrastructure (J), and Lower Floors (B). The results of this study could increase the opportunities to reuse urban space in the autonomous future and assist in the practical implementation of sustainable urban regeneration.

Socio-Spatial Conditions of Educational Participation: A Typology of Municipalities in the Canton of Zurich

The Canton of Zurich is characterized by strong socio-spatial polarization typical for large and dynamic metropolitan areas. A helpful way to depict spatial dimensions is spatial typologies. Existing spatial categorizations of the Canton of Zurich are limited for education because they focus primarily on economic factors, which are not the only predictors of educational behavior and success. In this paper, we develop a typology of municipalities in the Canton of Zurich that is useful for educational analyses and administrative activity. Theoretically, we consider socio-spatial structures as opportunities and constraints of the spatial and social contexts related to educational participation. We differentiate between two levels: socioeconomic composition and regional structures. The socioeconomic composition of a neighborhood is assumed to influence the way residents think and act through social interactions. Regional structures refer to the variation in the specificity and accessibility of institutional settings of the labor market, the education system, and extracurricular stimulation. The analyses are based on official statistics. We use factor analysis to identify the main components within the two levels. Their combination results in a spatial typology consisting of five types. They show significant differences in indicators of educational participation, which illustrates the relevance of the typology for the education sector.