Spatial Point Of View Research Articles

Detailed analysis on primary and secondary break up characteristics of liquid fuel jet in crossflow using homogeneous mixture model and large eddy simulation

The detailed breakup characteristics of the liquid jet fuel, Jet-A, in crossflow to various ranges of momentum flux ratios and Weber numbers have been investigated using a high-fidelity compressible multi-phase numerical technique. Multi-phase large eddy simulation with adaptive mesh refinement and Eulerian to Lagrangian transformation are applied to the homogeneous mixture model. The liquid surface instabilities and their frequencies inside the injector orifice are observed and analyzed. Interactions between liquid jet and crossflow result in phenomena such as horse-shoe vortex formation, boundary separation, liquid trailing, and counter-rotating vortex pair. Liquid column breakup characteristics and wave structures are analyzed from both temporal and spatial viewpoints. The Sauter mean diameter distribution and cumulative distributions of droplets resulting from secondary breakup are presented, along with the droplet size distribution derived from the momentum flux ratio and Weber number. Several engineering models, including the instability frequencies, the breakup length, and the penetration depth, are proposed in terms of the momentum flux ratio and Weber number, providing valuable insights for injector and combustor design.

Temporal variation of S-wave attenuation during the 2009 L'Aquila, Central Italy, seismic sequence

SUMMARY We investigate temporal and spatial variations of the spectral decay parameter kappa (κ) before and after the 6 April 2009, L'Aquila earthquake (Mw 6.1), in Central Italy. We analysed foreshocks 10 days before and aftershocks occurring 10 days and 6 months after this main event. We select earthquakes with magnitudes Mw ≥ 3.2 registered by the seismic network of Central Italy within a radius of 20 km from the epicentre of the L'Aquila main shock and having hypocentre distances of less than 170 km. We separate near-source, along-path and near-site contributions of κ for each group of events and we detected temporal variations of this S-wave attenuation parameter. We find that 10 days before the main shock κ along the path has the lowest values, probably due to high tectonic stress accumulated, in agreement with previous investigations performed with other techniques, then κ increases during the main event and remains constant during the first 10 days of aftershocks. The aftershocks that occurred 6 months after show an increase in the regional attenuation probably due to the tectonic stress released during the main shock and the earlier aftershocks. From the spatial point of view, 10 days before the principal event the foreshocks located to the south show an increase in the near-source attenuation towards the northeast, in the direction of the main shock. These spatial variations of κ may be related to the presence of crustal fluids near the rupture area, as evidenced by other previous studies. The first 10 days of aftershocks that concentrate around the main earthquake have high near-source κ, and those located north of the main rupture have lower values. These observations are consistent with previous investigations that show variations of elastic and anisotropic crustal properties during the L'Aquila earthquake sequence due to dilatancy and fluid diffusion processes within the nucleation zone. We conclude that temporal variations of the spectral decay parameter κ provide important clues for the earthquake cycle in Central Italy.

Soil Salinity Inversion Based on a Stacking Integrated Learning Algorithm

Soil salinization is an essential risk factor for agricultural development and food security, and obtaining regional soil salinity information more reliably remains a priority problem to be solved. To improve the accuracy of soil salinity inversion, this study focuses on the Manas River Basin oasis area, the largest oasis farming area in Xinjiang, as the study area and proposes a new soil salinity inversion model based on stacked integrated learning algorithms. Firstly, we selected four machine learning regression models, namely, random forest (RF), back propagation neural network, support vector regression, and convolutional neural network, for performance evaluation. Based on the model performance, we selected the more effective RF and BPNN as the basic regression models and further constructed a stacking integrated learning model. This stacking integration learning model improved the prediction accuracy by training a secondary model to fuse the prediction results of these two basic models as new features. We compared and analyzed the stacking integrated learning model with four single machine learning regression models. Findings indicated that the stacking integrated learning regression model fitted better and had good stability; on the test set, the stacking integrated learning regression model showed a relative increase of 8.2% in R2, a relative decrease of 14.0% in RMSE, and a relative increase of 6.5% in RPD when compared to the RF model, which was the single most effective machine learning regression model, and the stacking model was able to achieve soil salinity inversion more accurately. The soil salinity in the oasis areas of the Manas River Basin tended to decrease from north to south from 2016 to 2020 from a spatial point of view, and it was reduced in April from a temporal point of view. The percentage of pixels with a high soil salinity content of 2.75–2.80 g kg−1 in the study area had decreased by 19.6% in April 2020 compared to April 2016. The innovatively constructed stacking integrated learning regression model improved the accuracy of soil salinity estimation on the basis of the superior results obtained in the training of the single optimal machine learning regression model. As a consequence, this model can provide technological backup for fast monitoring and inversion of soil salinity as well as prevention and containment of salinization.

The Story of Czech Anarchism: Ideas and Practices of Czech Libertarians, 1883‐1930

The rich history of Czech anarchism is not well-known internationally. The movement was comprised of thousands of proletarians (especially Northern Bohemian miners) and some important poets. It ended in a surprising and original way with the formation of an anarchist political party in 1914. This led to participation in national governments between 1918 and 1922. To explain the dynamics, the article narrates five separate stories of the Czech anarchism. After a summary recounting the development of the Czech anarchist movement from a temporal and spatial point of view, it examines ideas about the individual and society, organisational forms and organisations, and, finally, the national question, gender, and direct action.

A nationwide analysis of the spatial patterns and correlates of heart disease and sleep deficiency in the United States

In the United States, heart disease stands as the primary cause of mortality across genders and various racial and ethnic groups. A health-related behavioral factor that could potentially contribute to the regional differences in heart disease is the lack of adequate sleep. We employed hierarchical regression and a complex sample general linear model (CSGLM) statistics to enhance our understanding of the factors influencing heart disease, with a particular emphasis on exploring these factors from a spatial viewpoint. Utilizing the Getis-Ord G* hot-spot analysis, we identified a clustering of contiguous hotspots in the southeast regions for both the death rate associated with heart disease and the prevalence of sleep deficiency, as observed in their geographic distribution. Furthermore, within the hierarchical regression model, a substantial correlation between heart disease and deficient sleep persisted, even after adjusting for confounding factors and addressing multicollinearity. This implies that the mortality risk associated with heart disease tends to rise with an increasing prevalence of deficient sleep (R 2 = 0.548). Within the CSGLM framework, an R 2 value of 0.627 underscored the robust indication that mortality due to heart disease was notably linked to sleep deficiency. This association persisted even after considering complex sample designs and incorporating adjustments for weighting. This geographic relationship has not been previously documented in existing literature. These discoveries suggest a requirement for additional exploration into regional variations in heart disease and sleep deficiency, offering new insights into our comprehension of the origins of heart disease.

Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Marine Fisheries’ Carbon Sink Capacity in China’s Three Marine Economic Circles

With the increasing pressure of resource decline and environmental pollution faced by the green transformation of marine fisheries, marine fishery carbon sinks are an increasingly close link to national strategic interests and economic lifelines. It is, therefore, necessary to explore paths for the enhancement and development of the carbon sink capacity of marine fisheries. Based on the economic data of marine fisheries from 2002 to 2021, this paper measures the capacity and characteristics of marine fishery carbon sinks in provincial areas, applies the kernel density estimation method to depict the dynamic evolution of the distribution of absolute differences in marine fishery carbon sinks, and at the same time, identifies the factors influencing the spatial imbalance in the development of marine fishery carbon sinks as well as the spatial spillover effects. The results show the following: (1) From the total amount, the fishery carbon sink capacity of China’s three marine economic circles has fluctuated and increased over the past 20 years, with obvious differences among different circles, and the marine fishery carbon sink capacity of the eastern, northern, and southern marine economic circles has risen sequentially. This trend corresponds to the economic disparities among the three circles, demonstrating a transition from economic to industrial driving effects. (2) From the spatial point of view, the fishery carbon sink capacity shows a trend of increasing year by year, concentrating in the circles, and overflowing between the circles. (3) The results of a partial derivative test further show that among the main influencing factors of marine fishery carbon sinks, capital, labor, and market openness have direct positive effects on marine fishery carbon sinks, and the direct effect of innovation is the strongest, and the significance of the indirect effect of the three circles is weaker compared to the direct effect and total effect. As a result, the carbon sink of China’s marine fisheries has a large room for improvement, and in order to promote the high-quality development of China’s marine fisheries, it is still necessary to accelerate the circulation of resources within the marine economic circle, accelerate the research of fishery technology, actively develop the carbon sink fishery, and enhance the specialization of aquatic product processing.

Measurement and Evaluation of the Business Environment in Large and Medium-Sized Cities in China

The comprehensive development level of the business environment reflects the quality of a region’s economic development, and a good business environment will give a city a strong vitality. This paper uses the entropy method to measure and evaluate the business environment of 106 large and medium-sized cities in China from 2017 to 2021. The results show that: From the spatial point of view, the business environment index of China’s cities shows a gradually decreasing pattern from east to west and from south to north. The balance of the business environment of large and medium-sized cities in China is divided into four levels according to the standard deviation of the ranking of each sub-index. The greater the standard deviation, the more unbalanced the overall development of the business environment in the region. Finally, this paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions to further optimize the business environment.

Burhs, burghal territories and hundreds in the English central Midlands in the early tenth century (Part 2)

INTRODUCTION The first part of this paper has shown that the burghal territories of burhs created in the early tenth century in what later became Buckinghamshire and southwest Northamptonshire comprised one or more large ‘proto-hundreds’, typically of around 300–350 hides. As new cadastral units, these burghal territories are seen as essential aspect of the infrastructure of burghal formation. This hypothesis carries the implication that these units were subsequently subdivided into the hundreds of Domesday, which were typically of around 100 hides. From both a spatial and functional point of view these became subdivisions of the new shires which would have been formed at the same time. This thesis is examined here in the second part of this paper in relation to the development of burhs in the area of the shires of Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Middlesex, and of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire further to the east. (The development of burhs in Essex is not considered here.) By the end of 917, as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle makes clear, all this area (with Essex and East Anglia) had been taken under the control of King Edward the Elder, in effect extending the area of the West Saxon hegemony to the east coast.

Urban–rural differences in women's use of mobile money and the underlying determinants: Evidence from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

Mobile money (MM) is pivotal to improving financial inclusion and socio-economic well-being. However, many women in developing countries are excluded from its use. While there are existing studies that have interrogated the predictors of MM use by women, the problem persists in most low-and-middle-income countries probably due to the scarcity of location specific interventions in addressing the low rates. Thus, this study examines the determinants of MM use by women at a local context disaggregated along national, rural, and urban scales in Nigeria to achieve effective policy formulation tailored towards the uniqueness of the different geographical locations. Drawing on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, this study provides evidence that MM use by women varies substantially between urban and rural areas and these disparities are driven by spatial differences in socio-economic, enabling, and contextual factors. The study recommends that policy makers need to address women's socio-economic problems from a spatial viewpoint to ensure that they fully benefit from the advantages of MM.

The South Carolina Water Monitoring Portal - A Hub for South Carolina Water Quality Monitoring Data

The South Carolina (SC) Water Monitoring Portal is an ArcGIS-based, geospatial application that incorporates water quality data from a variety of sources and projects them onto an interactive map. This application will provide those interested in accessing and retrieving South Carolina water quality data with a free and easyto- use tool that allows for spatial visualization, interaction with, and direct download of data. At the time of this publication, the application accesses roughly four million water quality data records collected by seventeen different organizations. To allow users to seamlessly find and access the data they need, filters are available to query the data to match the user's needs. Once users find the data applicable to them, they can download and export it into various formats. The application also allows groups and organizations to indirectly upload their own water quality data to have it incorporated into the application. With these capabilities in a spatial format, this application has the potential to provide many benefits. For example, in academia it could be utilized in both classroom and research settings, and regulatory agencies could use this application to communicate water quality from a spatial viewpoint, potentially fostering a better understanding of water quality to stakeholders. The management and protection of our state’s waters are difficult to achieve when the data pertaining to water quality isn’t easily accessible or available in a user-friendly format. The SC Water Monitoring Portal has the potential to aid in the protection and management of our state’s waters as it makes water quality data more accessible and the retrieval of data more user-friendly. The SC Water Monitoring Portal is hosted on the South Carolina (SC) Sea Grant Consortium and the College of Charleston’s Lowcountry Hazards Center websites, making it available to anyone interested in water quality data in the State of South Carolina (available online: www.scseagrant.org/SCWMP).

Fully automated structured light scanning for high-fidelity 3D reconstruction via graph optimization.

Convenient and high-fidelity 3D model reconstruction is crucial for industries like manufacturing, medicine and archaeology. Current scanning approaches struggle with high manual costs and the accumulation of errors in large-scale modeling. This paper is dedicated to achieving industrial-grade seamless and high-fidelity 3D reconstruction with minimal manual intervention. The innovative method proposed transforms the multi-frame registration into a graph optimization problem, addressing the issue of error accumulation encountered in frame-by-frame registration. Initially, a global consistency cost is established based on point cloud cross-multipath registration, followed by using the geometric and color differences of corresponding points as dynamic nonlinear weights. Finally, the iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) method is adopted to perform the bundle adjustment (BA) optimization of all poses. Significantly enhances registration accuracy and robustness under the premise of maintaining near real-time efficiency. Additionally, for generating watertight, seamless surface models, a local-to-global transitioning strategy for multiframe fusion is introduced. This method facilitates efficient correction of normal vector consistency, addressing mesh discontinuities in surface reconstruction resulting from normal flips. To validate our algorithm, we designed a 3D reconstruction platform enabling spatial viewpoint transformations. We collected extensive real and simulated model data. These datasets were rigorously evaluated against advanced methods, roving the effectiveness of our approach. Our data and implementation is made available on GitHub for community development.

Research on the spatial spillover effect of high-speed railway on the income of urban residents in China

The transportation infrastructure is a crucial component of social capital, as it aids in fostering national economic growth. The speed of resource elements’ spatial movement is increased by high-speed railways (HSR), thereby affecting the intensity and direction of regional economic connections. This study investigates how HSR impacts urban regional accessibility and the spatial spillover of urban residents’ income from a spatial viewpoint. The study found that: First, between 2000 and 2018, the introduction and functioning of HSR, along with the increased speed of regular railway services, led to an overall enhancement in urban regional accessibility and urban positioning. Second, there exists a notable spatial correlation between regional accessibility and labor market income. Cities with either high or low labor market income exhibit spatial clustering in the same direction at the spatial level. Enhancing regional accessibility typically leads to an increase in labor market income throughout the entire region. Third, the nearby cities with greater regional accessibility exert a siphon effect on the local area. Fourth, the labor market income is interdependent and promoted among cities. The labor market income of a city is positively influenced by the nearby cities and neighboring cities with comparable income levels. Fifth, between 2012 and 2018, the construction of HSR and the structural transformation of the labor market led to a notable increase in income through a positive spatial spillover effect.

Using narrative 360° video as a tool to promote breast self-examination

This experiment examined the feasibility of 360° video as a tool for public health messaging by investigating the effect that viewing the 360° documentary The Waiting Room VR had on female viewers’ sense of identification, attitudes to breast cancer screening and mortality salience. A key part of the documentary places participants in a viewpoint ambiguously aligned to that of the film’s director and subject, Victoria Mapplebeck (VM), in a scene that recreates her radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer. Eighty female participants watched the documentary either sitting upright with the chair back set at a 90° angle or reclining with the chair back set at a 140° angle (consistent with VMs posture) under conditions of either high or low cognitive load. The effect of posture type was measured explicitly using questionnaires on presence, identification and breast self-examination (BSE) intention as well as implicitly using a lexical decision task to measure death-thought awareness (DTA). Reclined posture led to a higher sense of spatial presence but no increase in identification with VM. Significantly increased identification with VM led to greater intention to conduct BSE. There were no effects of posture, cognitive load or identification on DTA. The implications of these results for using 360° video as a behaviour change tool, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the terror management manipulation and the relevance of spatial viewpoint in 360° video are discussed.

Ranking of the Territory of Sochi by the Risk of Infection with HFRS Using the Method of Maximum Entropy

Relevance. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), due to the severity of the course and high mortality, poses a serious threat to the health of the population of both the city of Sochi and its guests. Therefore, in order to implement more effective and less economically costly anti-epidemic and preventive measures, it is very important to constantly monitor the activity of the natural focus of HFRS, as well as to have a clear idea of the territories most dangerous for the risk of infection with this infection.Aims. Assessment of the epidemiological significance of the territory of the city of Sochi for the risk of infection with HFRS based on the maximum entropy method using a geographical information system.Materials & Methods. Based on the application of the maximum entropy algorithm implemented in the MaxEnt program, as well as the ArcGIS 10 program.8. Ranking of the territory of the city of Sochi according to the risk of infection with HFRS was performed. The paper uses: data on positive epizootological findings (a total of 131) for 2016-2021, which were obtained from the Sochi branch of the Federal Medical Institution «Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Krasnodar Territory», the Sochi branch of the Federal Medical Institution «Black Sea Plague Station» of Rospotrebnadzor, as well as the Stavropol Plague Control Research Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor; materials on environmental conditions from the Biolclim data bank, vegetation index for 9 months (https://land.copernicus.eu/global/products/NDVI ). Preliminary preparation of the information was carried out using the ArcGIS 10 program.8. As a tool for building a training model, the MaxEnt program version 3.4.4 was used (https://biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org/open_source/maxent /).Results and discussion. The practical implementation of the tasks was to obtain maps of the epidemiological significance of the territory for the risk of infection with HFRS by superimposing the points of occurrence of the species (reservoir and carrier of HFRS) on maps of abiotic environmental factors affecting its spread. The implementation of this work consisted of the sequential implementation of four main stages: the first – the collection, generalization and transformation of bioclimatic and epizootic-epidemiological data; the second – the selection of the most significant data for the construction of the model; the third – the ranking of the territory of the city. Sochi on the risk of the spread of HFRS using GIS; the fourth is the analysis of the data obtained. In the course of the work, a model was obtained that allows dividing the study area according to the degree of risk of infection with HFRS with a high degree of reliability and significant prognostic value.Conclusions. The use of the model makes it possible to obtain new, more detailed data from a spatial point of view on the boundaries of potentially dangerous sites in the region in terms of GLPS. In particular, this applies to those territories where positive epizootological findings and cases of infection with HFRS have not been previously noted.

Preface

About Conference As a subject that is attached to multiple spatial aspects, geography plays a vital role in implementing sustainable development. Sustainable development has been a prominent issue and concern under one global agenda, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Instead of only the Economic aspect, environmental and social aspects need to be covered in a development agenda to support the sustainability of our planet and to diminish various consequences of excessive use of natural resources that surpass environmental carrying capacity. One fact that can be seen due to the imbalance of development is climate change. Due to this reason, the Department of Geography, Universitas Indonesia, intends to initiate the 2nd International Conference of Science and Applied Geography (ICOSAG) 2022.The participants of this conference vary from academics, practitioners and policymakers to enrich the information with scientific studies related to the consciousness of climate change topic and sustainable development, especially from a spatial point of view. ICOSAG 2022 is also expected to be one of many tools to accelerate the distribution of information and various activities related to the SDGs targeted to be achieved in 2030.The International Conference of Science and Applied Geography (ICOSAG) 2022 is organized to accommodate researchers who develop studies on:1. Spatial modeling application2. Applied physical geography3. Human geography and regional development4. Geography educationThe ICOSAG Forum is a forum to provide academic support for the sustainable use of spatial information that can be implemented in the future. Therefore, the Department of Geography, FMIPA, University of Indonesia invites researchers and scholars to jointly discuss the development of Geography in the International Conference of Science and Applied Geography forum.List of Objectives, Theme, Scopes, Speakers and Participants, Conference Program, Committees, s are available in this Pdf.

지식산업센터의 입지특성요인이 지각된 가치 및 충성도에 미치는 영향 연구

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES In this study, the importance of the knowledge industry center and the need for research were recognized, and related research was conducted. First, the knowledge industry center was examined, and meaningful results were derived through an empirical study on the perceived value of knowledge industry center residents and the loyalty of migrants to the knowledge industry center. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is intended to provide reference materials for rational decision-making to stakeholder, end users, and investors who supply knowledge industry centers or establish policies, and to suggest directions for the future. (2) RESEARCH METHOD The temporal scope of this study was to analyze 202 responses in a self-response format for employees who were engaged in knowledge industry centers for 30 days fromDecember 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. did As a research method, the verification of the structural equation model, which has the advantage of being able to control measurement errors and enabling statistical evaluation of the theoretical model, was carried out. Therefore, after reviewing reliability and validity through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (Fornell and Larcker, 1981), path analysis was conducted. For data verification, statistical programs SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used. (3) RESEARCH DIFFERENCES This study aims to verify how the occupancy environmental factors of domestic knowledge industry centers affect residents' perceived value and occupants' loyalty to knowledge industry centers, and has the following differences. First, this study is based on the knowledge industry center's occupancy environmental factors (institutional factors, locational factors, economic factors), and the great differentiation of the first study that affects perceived value and loyalty, and the current knowledge industry center I think it is a timely study to measure and evaluate the factors related to moving in, the degree of satisfaction with residence, and the loyalty to neighbors or acquaintances by surveying tenant companies in the area. Second, the spatial viewpoint of this study is divided into Seoul, Gyeonggi-Incheon, and provinces, and the value of the knowledge industry center tenants will be considered very high. 2. RESULTS In order to find out the effect of institutional, locational, and economic factors on the perceived value and loyalty of the knowledge industry center, this study was conducted on residents of the domestic knowledge industry center to examine the moving environment factors (institutional factors, The results of the study to find out how locational factors and economic factors) affect perceived value are as follows. First, the knowledge industry center's occupancy environmental factors (institutional factors, locational factors, and economic factors) were verified as positive (+) significant results in the perceived value. These results are in agreement with the results of previous studies such as Kim Dae-bong and Kim Jong-jin(2015) and Hwang Eun-sik(2014). Second, it was verified that perceived value had a statistically positive (+) and insignificant effect on loyalty. The results of these studies are also seen in Sánchez, et al.(2006), Lee Sang-gu·Hong Jae-wook(2012), etc. have the same meaning. Third, it was verified that the knowledge industry center's occupancy environmental factors (institutional factors, locational factors, and economic factors) had a statistically positive (+) significant effect on loyalty. These results are considered to pursue similar meanings to the research results of Konecnik et al(2007), Kim Ki-jun Kim Hyung-geun(2017), and Kim Tae-hoon(2019).

A Multi-scale feature modulation network for efficient underwater image enhancement

Many strategies have been proposed for underwater image enhancement. However, they are often incompatible with underwater remotely operated vehicle platforms with low memory and computational power. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a simple yet effective multi-scale feature modulation network to achieve a better trade-off between the efficiency of the model and the performance of the reconstruction. Specifically, we develop a multi-scale modulation module on top of a Visual Transformer (VIT)-like block. Within this module, we extract the features of the input image using a Multi-scale Spatial Feature Module (MSFM) to dynamically select representative features in the feature space of the image. Since the MSFM block handles the image features from a spatial point of view of the image, we further introduce the channel mixing module to perform the channel mixing. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method is 8.5 times smaller in terms of network parameters than the state-of-the-art underwater image enhancement methods (e.g., Semi-uir), and achieves essentially the same performance with less computational cost. The code is available at https://github.com/zhengshijian1993/MFMN.

The spatial turn in Catalan cultural studies

In recent years several projects have emerged that address Catalan culture from a spatial point of view. This article aims to review the theoretical framework of what is known as the spatial turn in order to evaluate its main contributions, and some potential future orientations, in Catalan cultural studies. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part provides an overview of the main approaches inside spatial studies. In the second part, a selection of studies on Catalan culture and literature is reviewed from the perspective of their connections with spatial studies. Finally, the third part presents three case studies focused on examples from Catalan poetry, film, and science fiction and interprets them from three different spatial perspectives: the first based on the phenomenological perspective, the second on the methodology of emotional and sensory geography and the concept of cognitive mapping , and the third on the spatial figurations of postmodern empire. This final section aims to broaden the applications of spatial analysis, extending it to the interpretation of an open, diverse selection of representations of contemporary Catalan culture.

Analysis of the electrical and thermal behaviour of Li-ion batteries using 0D and 3D-CFD approaches with validation on experimental data

Due to their characteristics, lithium-ion cells are the reference in the construction of a battery pack for electric vehicles (EVs). Despite this, their use is strongly affected by the operating temperature because the materials they are made of are thermally stable only in a relatively limited range around ambient temperature. Cell modelling and simulation become therefore essential in the design of the cell, of the battery pack and of its auxiliary systems to optimize performance while maintaining sufficient safety margins.In the present study, two zero-dimensional equivalent circuit models of a commercial Li-ion cell are developed and tuned in order to predict the electrical and thermal behaviour of the cell. The models are validated and compared with experimental data found in the scientific literature referring to both dynamic and static tests. This comparison shows the importance of tuning the model parameters, which are decisive for the accuracy of the simulation.Using a commercial tool dedicated to battery modelling, a three-dimensional model is then developed to investigate the electrical and thermal behaviour of the cell from a spatial point of view. The results obtained are aligned with those found in the scientific literature.With the present work, it has been possible to simulate and analyse the global behaviour of the cell (0D model) as well as its detailed behaviour (3D model) using relatively modest computational resources, thus constituting a solid base for more complex modelling such as that of a battery pack and its cooling system.

Rethinking geographies of sovereignty: Towards a conceptual framework of situated sovereignty

AbstractWe engage with debates on shifting geographies of sovereignty in the digital age by providing a conceptual framework for “situated sovereignty”. Our contribution draws on a review of the scholarly literature and current sovereignty practices. We aim to move beyond state‐centred and territorial understandings of sovereignty. A common discussion is the necessity of reconfiguring notions of sovereignty. However, hardly any studies have discussed the sociospatial configurations of practising sovereignty in the digital present. We conceptualise practices of sovereignty along intersecting strands of scholarly literature that have scarcely been related, drawing from political geography, science and technology studies, and critical digitalisation studies. Reviewing the literature, we identify three fields framing current practices of sovereignty—(i) state and territory, (ii) civic engagement, and (iii) digitalisation—based on which we develop a conceptual framework of situated sovereignty. Our framework addresses the situated role of sovereignty practices from a spatial point of view. We propose pragmatism, legitimacy, and governance as three analytical themes for better understanding current and future shifting geographies of sovereignty and enhancing sovereignty studies.