Spatial Formation Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО ВООБРАЖЕНИЯ НА ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ РЕБЕНКА В СПОРТЕ И МАТЕМАТИКЕ

The article studies the spatial imagination of children. The subject of the research is the correlation of the level of formation of spatial thinking with the achievements of children in sports and mathematics. The study involved methodologists, maths teachers, sports coaches, neuropsychologists. To investigate this relationship, the results of tests on spatial imagination and results in sports and mathematics were analyzed. The research methods were polling, conversation and testing the level of spatial imagination formation (Benton’s test, Blind Clock test, Mirror Letters test, Rugs test).

ANALYSIS OF THE REFUNCTIONED MILLET HAMAM THROUGH SPACE SYNTAX

Space syntax is a model that has been developed based on spatial formation characteristics. The theory of space syntax indicates a strong relationship between spaces and social structures. The concept of space syntax in this study served as a basis for the assessment of the new function displayed by the architectural structure named “Millet Hamamı (Public Hammam)” in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The spatial use of another architectural structure named “Kültür ve Semt Evi (Local House of Culture)” that was transformed from Millet Hamamı was analyzed in this study. The purpose of this paper is to constitute space organization of Cultural and District Centre, daily use of space, user movement, defining the relation between space and function, analysis of the spatial provision of the existing building-new function relationship. Graphs used in order to make analysis of the space formation and space organization corresponding to the new function of Millet Hamam which has been transformed into Cultural and District Centre constitute the whole set of techniques of the space syntax in the study. The face-to-face interviews performed with the users of the building contributed to the study. As a result of the analysis made through using numerical data, locations of the spaces belonging to refunctioned Cultural and District Centre within the building, the compatibility of all the spaces with their new functions, the usage potential of the spaces and the spatial experiences of the users have been interpreted with respect to existing building-new function scale. In the study, positive and negative outcomes have been evaluated in line with the spatial relations by discussing the spatial provision of the new functions in the Cultural and District Centre and suggestions have been made regarding use of the spaces. As a result of the study, it was stated that the correct choice of function in historical buildings that are planned to be re-functional is possible by analyzing the organization of spaces using the graf method and supporting the data obtained with the views of the building users. This study is important in terms of increasing the usage potential of spaces within a newly-functionalized building, which is different compared to other relevant studies.

ANALYSIS OF THE REFUNCTIONED MILLET HAMAM THROUGH SPACE SYNTAX

Space syntax is a model that has been developed based on spatial formation characteristics. The theory of space syntax indicates a strong relationship between spaces and social structures. The concept of space syntax in this study served as a basis for the assessment of the new function displayed by the architectural structure named “Millet Hamamı (Public Hammam)” in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The spatial use of another architectural structure named “Kültür ve Semt Evi (Local House of Culture)” that was transformed from Millet Hamamı was analyzed in this study. The purpose of this paper is to constitute space organization of Cultural and District Centre, daily use of space, user movement, defining the relation between space and function, analysis of the spatial provision of the existing building-new function relationship. Graphs used in order to make analysis of the space formation and space organization corresponding to the new function of Millet Hamam which has been transformed into Cultural and District Centre constitute the whole set of techniques of the space syntax in the study. The face-to-face interviews performed with the users of the building contributed to the study. As a result of the analysis made through using numerical data, locations of the spaces belonging to refunctioned Cultural and District Centre within the building, the compatibility of all the spaces with their new functions, the usage potential of the spaces and the spatial experiences of the users have been interpreted with respect to existing building-new function scale. In the study, positive and negative outcomes have been evaluated in line with the spatial relations by discussing the spatial provision of the new functions in the Cultural and District Centre and suggestions have been made regarding use of the spaces. As a result of the study, it was stated that the correct choice of function in historical buildings that are planned to be re-functional is possible by analyzing the organization of spaces using the graf method and supporting the data obtained with the views of the building users. This study is important in terms of increasing the usage potential of spaces within a newly-functionalized building, which is different compared to other relevant studies.

Reconfiguration of the cortical-hippocampal interaction may compensate for Sharp-Wave Ripple deficits in APP/PS1 mice and support spatial memory formation.

Hippocampal-cortical dialogue, during which hippocampal ripple oscillations support information transfer, is necessary for long-term consolidation of spatial memories. Whereas a vast amount of work has been carried out to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the impairments of memory formation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), far less work has been accomplished to understand these memory deficiencies at the network-level interaction that may underlie memory processing. We recently demonstrated that freely moving 8 to 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice, a model of AD, are able to learn a spatial reference memory task despite a major deficit in Sharp-Wave Ripples (SWRs), the integrity of which is considered to be crucial for spatial memory formation. In order to test whether reconfiguration of hippocampal-cortical dialogue could be responsible for the maintenance of this ability for memory formation, we undertook a study to identify causal relations between hippocampal and cortical circuits in epochs when SWRs are generated in hippocampus. We analyzed the data set obtained from multielectrode intracranial recording of transgenic and wild-type mice undergoing consolidation of spatial memory reported in our previous study. We applied Directed Transfer Function, a connectivity measure based on Granger causality, in order to determine effective coupling between distributed circuits which express oscillatory activity in multiple frequency bands. Our results showed that hippocampal-cortical coupling in epochs containing SWRs was expressed in the two frequency ranges corresponding to ripple (130–180 Hz) and slow gamma (20–60 Hz) band. The general features of connectivity patterns were similar in the 8 to 9-month-old APP/PS1 and wild-type animals except that the coupling in the slow gamma range was stronger and spread to more cortical sites in APP/PS1 mice than in the wild-type group. During the occurrence of SWRs, the strength of effective coupling from the cortex to hippocampus (CA1) in the ripple band undergoes sharp increase, involving cortical areas that were different in the two groups of animals. In the wild-type group, retrosplenial cortex and posterior cingulate cortex interacted with the hippocampus most strongly, whereas in the APP/PS1 group more anterior structures interacted with the hippocampus, that is, anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex. This reconfiguration of cortical-hippocampal interaction pattern may be an adaptive mechanism responsible for supporting spatial memory consolidation in AD mice model.

Violência do Estado e expropriação das populações indígenas no Brasil contemporâneo: terra, território, trabalho e criminalização da Questão Social

This article presents the indigenous problem as representative of the social issue in the Brazilian economic, social and spatial formation, as well as its expressions in contemporary times. The categories of land and territory, based on the centrality of work, are used as historical foundation of uneven and combined development. Since the formation of dependent capitalism in Latin America, under the exploitation and oppression of indigenous and black roots, the sense of slavery colonization has been perpetuated, a process marked by deep State violence with expropriation and overexploitation of the traditional peoples of the region. Expropriation is emphasized in the current urban context, with the continuous process of expelling these people from their lands, criminalization and theft of rights, in a supposedly democratic society. Land, territory and work are, therefore, three founding categories of the social issue in Latin America, which can only be understood from the centrality of the agrarian question.

3D Spatial Development of Historic Urban Landscape to Promote a Historical Spatial Data System

Spatial experience in historical street corridors is essential to encourage a continuously satisfying experience of a historical aesthetic leading to a better quality of the historic urban landscape, which is significant for making precious memory of the city's history. 3D spatial formation along the historic street corridor fosters the generation of historical memory of the urban space. Both tangible and intangible aspects attached to the historic street corridors' spatial configuration have significant meaning that forms the integrity of the valuable historical urban space. The research area is in Kayutangan street as one of the historical street corridors in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The study aims to develop the historical spatial data system of the Kayutangan corridor to construct an online digital spatial database and enforce it as a policy decision reference by the government in managing the urban development in historical areas, especially in the Kayutangan street corridors. The 3D spatial development of historic urban landscape performed the combination of 3D modeling software, 3D visualization software, and 3D spatial multimedia application authoring platforms. The collaboration of three systems generated three spatial data types, namely a 3D spatial-passive observation data, a 3D spatial-active observation data, and 3D spatial-interactive simulation data. As a result, this study produces 3D spatial multimedia contained the 3D spatial of historical data of Kayutangan streetscape, which performs as a historical spatial data system to reference the smart development of cultural tourism and heritage cities in Malang.

Astrocyte-secreted IL-33 mediates homeostatic synaptic plasticity in the adult hippocampus

Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is important for learning and memory formation. Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a specific form of synaptic plasticity that is induced upon prolonged changes in neuronal activity to maintain network homeostasis. While astrocytes are important regulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity, it is largely unclear how they interact with neurons to regulate synaptic plasticity at the circuit level. Here, we show that neuronal activity blockade selectively increases the expression and secretion of IL-33 (interleukin-33) by astrocytes in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subregion. This IL-33 stimulates an increase in excitatory synapses and neurotransmission through the activation of neuronal IL-33 receptor complex and synaptic recruitment of the scaffold protein PSD-95. We found that acute administration of tetrodotoxin in hippocampal slices or inhibition of hippocampal CA1 excitatory neurons by optogenetic manipulation increases IL-33 expression in CA1 astrocytes. Furthermore, IL-33 administration in vivo promotes the formation of functional excitatory synapses in hippocampal CA1 neurons, whereas conditional knockout of IL-33 in CA1 astrocytes decreases the number of excitatory synapses therein. Importantly, blockade of IL-33 and its receptor signaling in vivo by intracerebroventricular administration of its decoy receptor inhibits homeostatic synaptic plasticity in CA1 pyramidal neurons and impairs spatial memory formation in mice. These results collectively reveal an important role of astrocytic IL-33 in mediating the negative-feedback signaling mechanism in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, providing insights into how astrocytes maintain hippocampal network homeostasis.

The Continuity of Vernacular Architecture amidst Changes, Village Shyopura, India

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to understand the spatial structure with respect to permeability of vernacular/rural architecture of Rajasthan state in India. It also attempts to investigate the relationship of courtyard as an important aspect of rural housing. Design/Methodology/Approach This paper examines the typology of rural houses of a Rajasthan village built over more than a century. It justifies the continuity of typology through activities helping in understanding the vernacular environment as a concept in popular or domestic rural architecture. With the help of space syntax methods the spatial pattern and social relationship has been understood. Paper is divided in four major parts. The first part discusses the concept of vernacular along with the contextual village. The second part discusses the methodology of space syntax and method of making justified graph. The third part discusses the data analysis. Finally the conclusions are discussed. The research makes use of space syntax methodology with the help of Justified Graphs of 10 different houses of Village Shyopura in Mandawa town of district Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan state of India. These houses were built during past 125 years. Findings The results of the analysis show how the traditional typological approach to housing forms remains still relevant as an example of vernacular architecture. The study’s aim is to avail insight into the continuity of vernacular traditions with specific interest and socio-cultural relation of spatial formation of courtyard in houses the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the study have been combined together to reach at the conclusions. Research Limitations/Implications Due to time limit only 10 houses have been studied in hot dry climatic region of India. There continuity of vernacular architecture can be tested by using the similar methodology use3d here to establish stronger relevance of the argument. Social/Practical Implications The research establishes the continuity, but on a slight note also mentions of changing architectural arrangements of vernacular houses. Conservation architects have potential work to do in such areas. Originality/Value The study has been conducted and tested with a unique methodology adopted in India

Spatial Formation of the Sculptural Body in the Space of the Theatrical Show

يُقدم البحث الحالي دراسة التشكيل الفراغي للجسد النحتي في فضاء العرض المسرحي عن طريق استعراض لمجمل الافكار والطروحات والاشتغالات التي قدمها الفلاسفة والمخرجون ضمن فضاء العرض، حيث تنوعت تلك التجارب في توظيف تلك التشكيلات الفراغية عبر الوسيط (الفراغ) متكئ على نحتية الجسد في تحقيق تلك التشكيلات ، التي اسهمت في بناء صورة مُرمزة ذات دلالة تركيبية متنوعة ، وقد تشكل ذلك عبر فصول البحث المُتضمنة الفصل الاول (الاطار المنهجي ) ، الفصل الثاني (الاطار النظري) والذي اشتمل على مبحثين ، الاول (ثنائية التشكيل الفراغي والتصورات) . والمبحث الثاني (متتاليات الجسد النحتي في فضاء العرض) ، وقد اسفر المبحثين عن مؤشرات منها : 1ـ تُشكل ثنائية التشكيل الفراغي والتصورات الفلسفية والعلمية سلسلة من الدلالات وأفهوم مشترك مع بنائية الفعل الجسدي وضمن منظومة التشكيلات النحتية الذي يقدمه جسد الممثل والاعتماد على التأويل والتحليل في فك تلك الدلالات . 2ـ ارتبطت متتاليات الجسد النحتي في فراغية الفعل بوصف الممثل اقوى عنصر في الفراغ ، ويؤثث شكلاً جمالياً عن طريق انسجامه وانسيابه في الصورة التشكيلية . وقد جاء الفصل الثالث متمثلاً بإجراءات البحث ، حيث تم اختيار مسرحية (عرائس شارون) بوصفها عينة قصدية وانموذجاً للبحث ، وصولاً الى الفصل الرابع وفيه النتائج والاستنتاجات والمصادر والمراجع وملخص البحث باللغة الانكليزية .

Social Behaviour of Horses in Response to Vocalisations of Predators.

Simple SummaryAnimal social strategies are of importance when avoiding predation. Since horses are the least hunted among all farm animal species, we suppose that the alert reaction to a predator’s vocalisation, followed by anti-predator social behaviour, still exists in domestic horses. Recorded vocalisations of three different predators (grey wolf, Arabian leopard and golden jackal) were played to 20 horses of two horse breeds—namely, Konik polski and Arabian. Social responses and tactics in antipredator behaviour differed between the breeds and between predators. Koniks exposed to vocalisations of a howling wolf resulted in tight groupings, while Arabians exposed to the growling of a leopard responded with linear group formation. The behaviour of studied horses, expressed by alertness and defensive formations, indicates existence of the social anti-predator behavior, which in turn may explain the low rates of horses falling prey to predators as compared with other farm animal species.We tested the hypothesis that social defensive responses to the vocalisation of a predator still exist in horses. The recordings of a grey wolf, an Arabian leopard and a golden jackal were played to 20 Konik polski and Arabian mares. Durations of grazing, standing still, standing alert and the number of steps in walk and trot/canter were measured. In one-minute scans, the distances of the focal horse from the reference horse (DIST-RH) and from the nearest loudspeaker (DIST-LS) were approximated. The vocalisation of a leopard aroused the Arabians more than the Koniks (less grazing, stand-still and walk, more stand-alert and trotting/cantering). Koniks showed more relaxed behaviours to the leopard vocalisation (more grazing, stand-still and walk), but high alertness to the wolf playback (stand-alert, trotting/cantering). Spatial formation of the herd of Koniks showed tight grouping (lower DIST-RH) and maintaining distance from the potential threat (DIST-LS) in response to the wolf howling, while the Arabians approached the loudspeakers in linear herd formation when the leopard growls were played. Adult horses responded to potential predation by changing spatial group formations. This ability to apply a social strategy may be one of the explanations for the least number of horses among all hunted farm animal species.

Simultaneous Ultrasound and Heat Enhance Functional Properties of Glycosylated Lactoferrin.

Protein-polysaccharide covalent complexes exhibit better physicochemical and functional properties than single protein or polysaccharide. To promote the formation of the covalent complex from lactoferrin (LF) and beet pectin (BP), we enhanced the Maillard reaction between LF and BP by using an ultrasound-assisted treatment and studied the structure and functional properties of the resulting product. The reaction conditions were optimized by an orthogonal experimental design, and the highest grafting degree of 55.36% was obtained by ultrasonic treatment at 300 W for 20 min and at LF concentration of 20 g/L and BP concentration of 9 g/L. The formation of LF-BP conjugates was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ultrasound-assisted treatment can increase the surface hydrophobicity, browning index, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) free radicals scavenging activity of LF due to the changes in the spatial configuration and formation of Maillard reaction products. The thermal stability, antioxidant activity and emulsifying property of LF were significantly improved after combining with BP. These findings reveal the potential application of modified proteins by ultrasonic and heat treatment.

Mesophotic reef geomorphology categorization, habitat identification, and relationships with surface cover and terrace formation in the Gulf of Aqaba

Antecedent topography such as relic reef terraces as well as biogenic carbonate relief-forming deposits ~30–150 m deep, referred to as mesophotic reefs, provide structural support for diverse mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) that may serve as coral refuges for select light-dependent species. Although terraces at mesophotic depths are found globally, an understanding of their spatial distribution, formation, and relationship with living community composition and lithology is generally lacking. Herein, 2 × 2 m resolution bathymetry from the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) was examined to define geomorphology features spanning mesophotic depths and compare geomorphology relationships to overlying benthic and lithologic cover. Analysis led to the production of a new map categorizing 12 geomorphology features, including upper mesophotic terraces harboring thriving MCEs. Additionally, a large collection of still imagery (1726 pictures) was obtained at 94 sites and used to define eight unique habitats at mesophotic depths and lithological and biological distribution patterns over vertical and horizontal scales. Study area benthic and lithologic cover was found to be significantly different between geomorphology features and related to GoA geomorphology as well as to seafloor depth and slope, and light attenuation. While these relationships indicated modern cover could not provide a model for producing most underlying geomorphology in the study area, results provided data needed to enhance understanding of geomorphology feature formation history and reef accretion at mesophotic depths. Study results also detailed benthic cover and geomorphology features critical for better identifying and mapping unknown MCE habitats, and for recognizing mesophotic reef spatial relationships and biodiversity patterns in the GoA. These results are especially important considering most northern GoA reefs act as potential refuges, but local anthropogenic development continually stresses shallow GoA reefs and most other shallow coral reefs around the globe continue to degrade.

Coupled propagation of two beams in cubic quintic nonlinear medium

In this paper, coupled propagation of two beams in cubic quintic nonlinear medium has been investigated. We have presented a complete understanding of spatial soliton pair formation, breather pair formation and their existence curves, for different coupling coefficients and also for different beam width of the co-propagating beams.

Spatial Structure, Hierarchy and Formation Mechanisms of Scientific Collaboration Networks: Evidence of the Belt and Road Regions

Scientific collaboration has become an important part of the people-to-people exchanges in the Belt and Road initiative, and remarkable progress has been made since 2013. Taking the 65 countries along the Belt and Road (BRI countries) as the research areas and using collaborated Web of Science (WOS) core collection papers to construct an international scientific collaboration matrix, the paper explores the spatial structure, hierarchy and formation mechanisms of scientific collaboration networks of 65 countries along the Belt and Road. The results show that: 1) Beyond the Belt and Road regions (BRI regions), Central & Eastern Europe, China and West Asia & North Africa have formed a situation in which they all have the most external links with other countries beyond BRI regions. China has the dominant role over other BRI countries in generating scientific links. The overall spatial structure has changed to a skeleton structure consisting of many dense regions, such as Europe, North America, East Asia and Oceania. 2) Within the Belt and Road regions, Central & Eastern Europe has become the largest collaboration partner with other sub-regions in BRI countries. The spatial structure of scientific collaboration networks has transformed from the ‘dual core’ composed of China and the Central & Eastern Europe region, to the ‘multi-polarization’ composed of ‘one zone and multi-points’. 3) The hierarchical structure of scientific collaboration networks presents a typical ‘core-periphery’ structure, and changes from ‘single core’ to ‘double cores’. 4) Among the formation mechanisms of scientific collaboration networks, scientific research strength and social proximity play the most important roles, while geographical distance gradually weakens the hindrance to scientific collaboration.

APOE genotype and sex influence memory and dendritic spine density in an EFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundWomen carriers of the APOE4 genotype, which is the leading genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are more likely than women carriers of other APOE genotypes and men of any APOE genotype to develop AD. However, factors underlying the interaction between APOE genotype and sex are not well characterized. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of sex and APOE genotype on memory function and dendritic spine density in a mouse model of AD.MethodsSix month‐old gonadally‐intact male and female transgenic (Tg) mice expressing 5 familial AD mutations (5xFAD+/‐) and human APOE3 +/+ (E3FAD) or APOE4 +/+ (E4FAD) were trained on object recognition (OR) and object placement (OP) tasks designed to test object recognition and spatial memory formation. Memory for previously seen objects or locations was tested 24 or 4 hours later, respectively. Two weeks after the conclusion of behavioral testing, mice were retrained with novel objects, and brains were collected for Golgi staining. Following staining, apical and basal dendritic spines in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were counted and classified by morphological type.ResultsMale E3FAD mice exhibited intact memory for previously seen objects or locations, whereas male E4FADs and female E3FAD or E4FAD mice did not. The density of total, mushroom, and stubby spines on basal CA1 and mPFC dendrites was lower for E4FAD mice of both sexes compared to E3FAD mice. Preliminary data suggest a similar pattern for mPFC apical spine density.ConclusionsThese data suggest that APOE genotype and sex influence object recognition and spatial memory formation, and that APOE4 genotype is associated with reduced density of mature and immature spines in CA1 and the mPFC.

The Spatial Formation of The Berastagi Sub District, Kabupaten Karo

Berastagi sub-district is located in the Karo district of North Sumatra province. The majority of people in the Berastagi sub-district are the Karo tribe. The space arrangement settlement is very inspired by grade local culture, makes this area have traditional characteristics. Besides grade culture is very impressive, Berastagi is also be known as a tourism place. In the expected research, settlement can be well-identified it can be was found the spatial formation so that the development of the area will be carried out to be adapted with public expectation. So as the expansion expected can improve the standard of available living in term convenience, harmony and safety to serve life routinely.

The Fear of Camp Life: Understand the Spatial Reality and Formation of Discourse

The paper makes an existentialist analysis of refugee Camps in West Bengal that came into being after the Indian Partition in 1947 when the state received a large number of asylum seekers from the-then East Pakistan. The objective of the paper is to discuss the construction of Camp life in terms of the affect of fear. Camps have been largely interpreted as the active agents of rehabilitation, space of political movements or supplier of informal labourers. The principal enquiry here however would be to interrogate if the camp is home for the refugees or it has a separate existential reality in the face of fear which goes beyond the questions of rehabilitation. Borrowed from Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time (1927) the concept of fear in this paper does not indicate any specific character or definite future. Rather, fear unfolds as an ‘affect’. In West Bengal, construction of the Camp by the government was presupposed for rehabilitation of the refugees from East Pakistan (Bangladesh). Hence, in-itself a Refugee Camp functioned to control the population by its norms, rules, and regulations. On the other hand, it was constructed as temporary shelter for the refugees. Therefore, the temporal character signifies how Camp constitutes the refugees through ‘care’ and how they encounter reality in that situational condition. The paper will not focus on fear as only as detrimental to the life of the refugees. Rather, it tries to show how the affect of fear may also unfold the possibility of that space by engaging with the elements of speech, silence or listening that constitutes the discourse of Camp. The paper would explore how as a temporary shelter of the refugees, Camp life has been constructed as a discourse in terms of spatial boundary and limits. Coopers Camp in Ranaghat, West Bengal here is taken as a case study to explicate the discourse of camp life in the light of fear and ontologically address the refugee question in post-Partition subcontinent.

Sobran cuchillos, falta el pescado. Auge del langostino patagónico y reactivación del conflicto social en Mar del Plata

En los últimos años, las poblaciones de langostino crecieron inusitadamente promoviendo que una buena parte de la flota fresquera y merlucera que tradicionalmente operaba en Mar del Plata se reorientara hacia esta especie de localización patagónica. El presente trabajo, apunta a demostrar que mientras las exportaciones pesqueras nacionales marcan récords históricos, la conflictividad social en la formación social y espacial pesquera de Mar del Plata se ha revitalizado motivada por la falta de pescado fresco descargado en tierra. En este sentido, analizamos: la evolución de las descargas de merluza y langostino en el país; el comportamiento de las distintas flotas y las características y recurrencia de la conflictividad social en Mar del Plata. A tales fines, trabajamos con bibliografía específica, estadísticas oficiales, prensa periódica, publicaciones especializadas del sector pesquero y entrevistas a informantes calificados.

Lugar do sertão em Ariano Suassuna

O artigo a seguir se refere a pesquisa que consiste na compreensão do conceito de sertão no livro Romance d’A Pedra do Reino e o Príncipe do Sangue do Vai-e-Volta de Ariano Suassuna. Tal discussão se insere nas questões de representações e ideologias geográficas no contexto de cultura popular. Portanto, é feito um debate sobre o papel do sertão na formação social, cultural, espacial e simbólica como um lugar específico. Tudo isso imerso na estética do Movimento Armorial, do qual Ariano Suassuna é fundador, no direcionamento do romance e na forma como o espaço sertanejo é representado.

Spatial estimation for 3D formation drillability field: A new modeling framework

Spatial 3D formation drillability distribution is crucial for the drilling trajectory planning, collision detection, and drilling optimization in the natural gas and petroleum fields. Conventional geostatistical methods are usually used to establish the 3D formation drillability field model. However, few or no machine learning methods, which have a powerful fitting capability, are used to build that model. This paper proposes a new modeling framework for establishing the spatial 3D formation drillability model. Four methods, one geostatistical (Kriging), one non-stochastic (ScatteredInterpolant), and two machine learning methods (random forest and support vector regression) are analyzed in this modeling framework. Well logging data such as acoustic and formation density are introduced as the input parameters. Moreover, the mutual information analysis is introduced to measure the correlations between the 3D coordinates and formation drillability. Finally, comparisons are explored in the 10-fold cross-validation, 3D modeling, and final test experiments using data from Xujiaweizi area, Northeast China. The results indicate that SI has the best 10-fold cross-validation performance while RF achieves the best prediction accuracy in the final test among the four compared methods. The proposed new modeling framework for 3D formation drillability model provides a platform and is applicable to other modeling methods and data.