Spatial Economic Systems Research Articles

Ecological-economic assessment of environmental quality as a natural basis for territorial sustainable development: conceptual-categorical analysis

In the context of growing global problems of resource using and environmental protection the development of a sustainable environmental-economic development strategy, including at the territorial level is becoming increasingly actual. The purpose of the research is conceptual-categorical analysis of ecological-economic assessment of environmental quality as a natural basis for territorial systems of different levels sustainable development, elaboration and justification of the conceptual assessment model and methods of its implementation. Methodological issues focus on how to comprehensively assess the environmental quality of the territory and how this assessment can be taken into account in the formation of a strategy for environmentally sustainable development of spatial-economic systems. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the consolidation of the theories of territorial development sustainability and environmental quality environmental-economic assessment in the conceptual model, as well as in the substantiation of tools for quantitative measurement of environmental quality, increasing the accuracy and reliability of the obtained environmental-economic assessments. The significance of the research results lies in providing decision-makers with comprehensive information on the long-term consequences of environmental-economic decisions and facilitating the transition to environmentally sustainable economic development of territories. This information can be obtained as a result of systematic application of multi-dimensional environmental-economic assessment tools that take into account not only the full socio-economic value of natural environmental resources, but also the spatial characteristics of territories.

Contextual Nonlinear Typological Analysis as a Tool for the Formation and Implementation of Regional Economic Policy

The article outlines the main theoretical and methodological positions on the formation and implementation of regional economic policy in relation to technological innovations. It is based on contextual typological analysis using economic and mathematical modeling, where the key role is played by the hybrid principal component method and scaling technology. Official statistics data are used as information and analytical support. The concept of network rating for spatial economic systems is introduced and the analysis of regional systems is carried out. A convenient visualization system for analyzing and making management decisions based on statistical information is proposed.

ОЦЕНКА ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ РЕГИОНОВ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РФ НА ОСНОВЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

The formation of a single economic space in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is considered as the main task, which is the basis for realizing the development goals of the regions of the Russian Arctic. One of the solutions to the problem of creating a common spatially localized territory of the Russian Arctic megaregion, taking into account the significant differentiation of regions according to socio-economic indicators, is to identify tools for smoothing regional disparities. The use of the tested by the authors IRES RAS methodology “Information and analytical technologies for complex verification of the information base of economic and mathematical modeling of spatial economic systems” is proposed as a tool for constructing data sets suitable for full-fledged mathematical research compiled on the basis of collections of the Federal State Statistics Service.

Simulation of the development of the resource potential of the regional spatial-economic system under the conditions of the state of war and post-war recovery

Russia's war against Ukraine continues to deepen the processes of the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Violation by the aggressor country of all international rights and norms aggravates Ukraine's humanitarian and ecological disaster. At the same time, there is a threat to food security in the economic sphere of regional spatial and economic systems. Ensuring the formation of sufficient resources for restoring the economy of spatial-economic systems in martial law and post-war reconstruction remains a problematic issue. Therefore, creating models of forming spatial-economic system component resources and modeling behavior under different conditions is quite relevant and timely. The article's purpose is simulation modeling of developing the regional spatial-economic system's resource potential in martial law and post-war reconstruction conditions. Modeling of improving the efficiency of the use of the possibility of small business in ensuring war economic recovery was carried out, using a multifactorial dynamic model, the use of which allows determining the degree of influence of the effectiveness of the use of its constituent elements (labor, material, and technical, financial, innovative and infrastructural potential) on the leading indicators of post-war recovery, which makes it possible to identify the features of these components and allows them to be adapted to increase the efficiency of its use. The sustainable regional agricultural production model based on resource-saving and environmental protection technologies in martial law and post-war reconstruction is substantiated. Modeling of the post-war restoration of the tourist and recreational potential based on the development of aquaculture has been implemented, which allows determining the possibilities of the synergy of the restoration of the tourist and recreational potential on the main principles (ecosystem preservation, economic efficiency, and development of regional management) and integration processes, determining promising results for all subjects management Simulation modeling of the development of the regional investment potential in the conditions of martial law and post-war reconstruction was carried out. Keywords: simulation modeling, resource potential, regional spatial-economic system, martial law, post-war reconstruction

РАЗВИТИЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ: ЭВОЛЮЦИОННЫЙ ПОДХОД

Russian and foreign scientists, as well as government authorities show considerable interest in the theory of economic space. This explains the necessity to expand the theory and elaborate a special field – the theory of spatial systems, determine the typology and features of the evolution, and the patterns of the economic space transformation. The article is devoted to clarifying the content of the components, development trajectories of spatial economic systems in the context of the impact of changes in the sectoral spaces of the regions. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were the scientific representations of the theory of evolutionary economics and dependence on the path of development, the methodology of "new locality" and the system-dynamic approach. It has been shown that the factors of transformation of regional industrial spaces (external, accidental, shock factors) act mainly to consolidate the existing industrial characteristics, increasing the effect of “locked” sectors. The authors present hypothetical variants of models for the evolution of industry spaces, forms of selection and consolidation of their characteristics (driving, disruptive and stabilizing selections); a variety of transformation iterations aimed at development of monostructural economic system is highlighted (taking into account the connectedness, changes in the macro-environment, inherited features and the existing program for the functioning of traditional industry). The conclusions of the study are the basis for the formation of a scientifically based methodology for the strategic planning of the spatial development of regions, the creation of methodological approaches and modeling the evolution of monospecialized regions of Russia.

ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОе РАЗВИТИе ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ: ТЕОРЕТИко-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИй анализ

This article deals with some theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of trends and patterns of pro-spatial development of infrastructure of rural areas. The object of the research is rural areas of the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is the methods of scientific knowledge used in the process of studying the spatial development of infrastructure of rural territories. The aim of the research is to generalize theoretical and methodological provisions of the study of spatial development of infrastructure in rural areas of Russia for justification of adaptive solutions in the new reality. Methods of research of spatial economic systems, dialectical and empirical methods of knowledge were used as methodological bases. In the course of the research the postulates of the theory of spatial and regional economics were generalized, and also the stages of evolution of theoretical views of the leading figures of science about the purposes and tasks of development of rural territories, such as socio-economic, sustainable, spatial and spatial-branch development were systematized. The article considers reproductive, functional and spatial-branch approaches to the study of rural infrastructure and presents their classification. The main conceptual approaches to the development of rural infrastructure have been studied. The interpretation of the definition "infrastructure of rural areas" that reflects the role of rural infrastructure in reproduction processes, its spatial aspect and significance in the development of inter-branch and inter-territorial interaction was clarified. The considered theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of rural infrastructure in the context of spatial development allow improving the tools and methods of management with the development of appropriate adaptive mechanisms to the conditions of the new reality. The article is addressed to the scientific community and practitioners of regional and municipal management

Влияние межтерриториальной связанности на развитие экономического пространства регионов

Spatial organisation of the regional economy and spatial development of Russia have been actively discussed in the academic community. However, this discussion did not resolve the issues concerning the characteristics of spatial economic systems and the impact of inter-territorial cohesion on regional economic space. The study examines intra-regional cohesion of economic spaces as the interdependence of economic growth parameters observed in municipalities. Additionally, types of cohesion differently affecting economic growth in various intra-regional local zones are identified. Assessment of intra-regional cohesion based on data from municipalities of single-industry regions (Krasnoyarsk krai, Vologda, Lipetsk and Chelyabinsk oblasts) for the period 2017–2019 revealed three types of territories. First are municipalities characterised by the interdependent growth, positive agglomeration effects and the ability to integrate into value chains. Territories known for passionate development, producing independent economic growth, are able to strengthen their own economic opportunities and absorb the neighbouring potential. Sub-passionate development is characteristic for municipalities that, despite the positive production dynamics in neighbouring territories, cannot produce independent economic growth; their spatial and economic relations with other municipal formations are insufficient. The research results show that municipalities characterised by passionate development demonstrate higher growth rates of the real volume of produced and shipped goods and the real investment. Such parameters indicate the current leading positions of these territories, as well as the availability of opportunities for sustainable progressive development. Based on comparative analysis of zones with different growth types and agglomeration formations in single-industry regions, the study distinguish passionate, mutually reinforcing and mixed models of agglomerated spaces. It was proposed to determine the priorities of agglomeration policies in accordance with the types of inter-territorial cohesion. The findings can be used by government bodies for strategic management of regional spatial development. The obtained results determine the prospects for analysing other parameters of inter-territorial cohesion and assessing its impact on spatial economic development.

Agent-Based Modeling of Spatial Economic Systems: а Review

The paper describes the current state of agent-based modeling of geographical space and spatial economic systems. We explore reasons why this approach to modeling spatial phenomena is of particular interest. Agent-based models (ABMs) allow accounting for agents’ spatial heterogeneity, the existing structure of the space, locality of interactions between agents. A survey of approaches to introducing space into the models and examples of the existing spatial models is presented. There is a great variety of spatial ABMs, but they relate predominantly to the local and city level, rather than to the economy as a whole. Spatial ABMs at the level of large regions and countries are not yet sufficiently developed, but have good prospects in the future. With increasing availability of geodata and technological development in general the number of applications and coverage of spatial ABM will grow

ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ: МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ И ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ

Despite its high demand with regard to application, the scientific direction of the problems of the development of spatial economic systems is the least developed block in the field of studies of the territorial organization of the economy. The analysis of spatial economic systems requires a special toolkit, different from the methods of regional analysis. The combination of methodo-logical principles of new economic geography, methodology of "new locality", system-dynamic and synergetic approaches allows to obtain new scientifically significant results. In terms of ex-panding the application potential, the article presents a study of the dynamic characteristics of spatial economic systems, namely, the rates of economic growth and their stability, the region's involvement in the country's economic space, and the flexibility of the sectoral structure of pro-duction. According to the results of the study, four patterns of the economic dynamics of the re-gions have been revealed. Increased spatial connectivity, diversification of production, and the development of new industries can be the possible mechanisms for the adaptation of the region-al economy to new conditions and sources of recovery growth.

РОЛЬ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ В РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

Economic systems by their nature are complex objects of study, as their development depends on a significant number of factors, conditions for the functioning of their individual components, the peculiarities of the environment in which such systems develop. An important role in the development of such systems is played by their infrastructure, which is an integral part of the functioning of any system and, thus, also affects its development. The uniqueness of the infrastructure of the economic system is that its functioning is objective, necessary, and the infrastructure itself can often be considered as a separate integrated object of study, which includes a large number of subsystems of different nature.Within the article, the role of infrastructure in the development of economic systems is examined. This was done on the basis of studying the essence of the category "infrastructure", which was implemented through a thorough analysis of existing in the scientific literature conceptual approaches to the content of this definition. Systematization of such approaches, their analysis allowed to state the importance of infrastructure for the development of economic systems and the complexity of its study. Approaches to the use of the category "infrastructure" ineconomic research were also singled out, namely: consideration of infrastructure in the context of the functioning of another economic system; consideration of infrastructure in the context of the study of certain economic processes and areas that are common to sectors of the national economy; consideration of certain types of infrastructure in the context of research of other economic systems; consideration of infrastructure within separate spatial economic systems. Consideration of the essence of the category "infrastructure" allowed to distinguish it from the definition of "infrastructure" and point out two approaches to its consideration: static (infrastructure is a set of existing infrastructure that affects the development of certain types of economicsystems) and dynamic (process) formation of conditions for the development of certain types of infrastructure within the functioning of economic systems)

Scenario planning for the development of spatial economic and social systems: Methodological approaches

Subject. This article reviews and systematizes methodological approaches to generate scenarios and develop a scenario planning algorithm in relation to spatial socio-economic systems. Objectives. The article aims to analyze and classify scenarios and algorithms of scenario planning, as well as choose and justify an approach to scenario planning of the development of spatial socio-economic systems. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, and classification. Results. The article clarifies the definitions of Scenario and Scenario Planning and categorizes scenarios according to different criteria. It reveals the gap between the theory and practice of scenario planning in Russian regions. The article also offers certain recommendations on the use of scenarios in regional planning. Conclusions. The article concludes that the hybrid approach in scenario planning of the development of spatial socio-economic systems (countries, regions, cities, municipalities) is more preferable than the exploratory or normative ones.

Advanced Solow Model as a Tool for Coordination of Interests of Spatial Economic Systems’ Development

The article presents a dynamic socio-ecological-economic model of the synergistic development of individual entities within the southern Russian macro-region, which allows to coordinate the general and private interests of each region. The maximization of specific consumption is proposed as a target criterion, regarding private interests – for the region, regarding general interests – for the macro-region. The model provides for the possibility of using the available resources of each region, both for solving the problems of its own development, and for the general development goals of other regions as part of the macroregion. The model is investigated using simulation modeling based on materials from the Southern Federal District. There are several debatable conclusions made after the research. Calculations, in particular, show that it is not profitable for any region to develop its own production sector in the current conditions, the optimal strategy for each of them is only to increase consumption in the hope of production activity in neighboring regions. In view of the selection of this rational strategy by all regions at the same time, general degradation of the production sphere and stagnation of the regional economy are forecasted. At the same time, it was revealed that a further reduction in production becomes unprofitable for almost all lagging regions (republics of the Southern Federal District), while inaction remain profitable for leading regions (regions of the Southern Federal District).

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The article highlights the problems of heterogeneity and dissociation of the economic space of Russia, the lack of effective interaction of territorially localized systems. The solution of these problems is possible on the basis of constructing the activity of planning subjects within spatial social and economic systems considering influence of factors of environment uncertainty, their quality, complexity and high dynamism. Strategic planning of the development of spatial socio-economic systems involves the study of the external environment to identify opportunities and threats, define their strengths and weaknesses and competitive advantages, formulate the mission and development goals, and choose a strategy to achieve them based on the analysis of alternatives. Algorithms for working out a program for regional socio-economic development and a program for socio-economic development of the municipality have been proposed. The organization of the process of creating the regional socio-economic development program in accordance with the proposed algorithm will significantly increase the efficiency of planning, interaction between authorities and society; it will allow a sufficiently high level of detail, excluding contradictions, to coordinate the priorities of balanced and sustainable development of individual regions and the region as a whole. The inclusion in the planning processes the spatial and socio-economic development of the region and its municipalities allows to ensure compliance with the principle of the unity of spatial and socio-economic planning, which is an undoubted advantage of the algorithms proposed. The analysis of the existing regulatory framework on the problems of strategic planning of spatial and socio-economic development of the Astrakhan region has been given. It is recommended to make certain adjustments to the law on regional strategic planning of the Astrakhan region. It has been inferred that synchronization of the process of strategic planning of spatial and socio-economic development of spatial socio-economic systems can be organized by eliminating the inconsistency of actions of power structures, local self-government and economic entities; improving the efficiency of management decisions of regional power structures and local self-government.

Analysis of Spatial Economic Processes for Defining Investment Policy

In this paper, we consider principles of construction of mathematical models of spatial economic systems. By a spatial economic system we mean a region (system) whose constituent districts (subsystems) exchange goods, products, and investments.

A unifying modelling framework to simulate the Spatial Economic Transport Interaction process at urban and national scales

Much effort has been expended in the last decades in developing modelling frameworks to simulate the so-called Spatial Economic Transport Interaction (SETI) process. Models have been originated according to autonomous bodies of knowledge connected to the analysis and interpretation of each reference spatial scale: urban and national. However, there have been few exchanges of knowledge flowing from one scale to another. This paper proposes a unifying modelling framework able to capture the two-way relationship between spatial economic and transport systems at both the national and urban scales. Four main elements are presented: (i) a literature review of Spatial Economic (SE) models at national and urban scales; (ii) a description of the theoretical evolution involving a class of SE models from the theoretical backgrounds to the current formulations; (iii) the proposition of a SETI model which has two modelling components: a transport macro-model and a spatial economic macro-model; (iv) a model specification for national and urban scales.

Sensitivity Testing with the Oregon Statewide Integrated Model

Oregon has a long history of developing and using integrated economic, land use–transport models. Development of the Oregon Statewide Integrated Model (SWIM) was commissioned by the Oregon Department of Transportation as part of its Transportation and Land Use Model Improvement Program within the larger Oregon Modeling Improvement Program. The first version model, now named SWIM1, has been used in numerous applications since the late 1990s. A more extensive second version, SWIM2, is now available. It uses the PECAS economic input–output activity allocation framework, an aggregate model of spatial development and microsimulation models of freight and person transport. This paper describes the work considered in the later stages of development of the SWIM2 model, including results of sensitivity testing and reports on concurrent actions to transfer the model to agency operation. The sensitivity tests considered three alternative scenarios covering the evolution of the statewide spatial economic and transport systems over a 19-year period. Each scenario was compared to a reference case. In one scenario, highway capacity was increased substantially along an Interstate corridor radiating out from the Portland metropolitan area for more than 100 mi. In the other two scenarios, the costs for vehicle travel were increased four- and 10-fold over 1998 costs. The model system was found to respond consistent with a priori expectations. Population and employment shift to areas of comparatively better accessibilities, urban densities change, trip lengths and modes change, and floor space development and prices respond to these changes in patterns that evolve across the state over time.

Geography matters: agency, structures and dynamics at the intersection of economics and geography

Contemporary debates in economic geography are characterized by a lack of agreement with respect to both those aspects of the evolving economic landscape that call for explanation and what constitutes an adequate explanation of geographical reality. We articulate a distinctively geographical approach to modeling processes of regional growth and change. The evolving economic landscape is conceptualized as a ‘going concern’, characterized by complex dynamic interdependencies between the agents and structures that constitute spatial economic systems. At any moment in time, interdependencies between agents are constrained by social and spatial structure, but over time structure and agency are mutually constituted: a socio-spatial dialectic. We contend that the complex interdependence between agents, structures and dynamics increases the likelihood of persistent non-equilibrium space-time trajectories. We conclude that questions of conceptual and epistemological adequacy in economic geography cannot be resolved in favor of any single ‘best’ approach, and argue that debates should move away from competing monist accounts, towards critically engaged pluralism.

Administrative-Territorial Reform and Territorial-Economic Structures

The article is devoted to social and cultural problems, essential in the light of formulating the tasks of the future administrative and territorial reform and constructing corresponding regional policy. The author describes the concept of territorial-economic structure, defining it according to social and economic attributes as the group of spatial social and economic systems integrated with surrounding space. Classification of territorial-economic structures as forms of rural and urban types of civilization is offered. Intercivilizational sociocultural "breaks" between different types of territorial-economic structures in Russia are shown. Opportunities of implementation of the given approach in forming national regional policy are considered.

Channels of synthesis forty years on: integrated analysis of spatial economic systems

Isard’s vision of integrated modeling that was laid out in the 1960s book Methods of Regional Science provided a road map for the development of more sophisticated analysis of spatial economic systems. Some forty years later, we look back at this vision and trace developments in a sample of three areas – demographic-econometric integrated modeling, spatial interaction modeling, and environmental-economic modeling. Attention will be focused on methodological advances and their motivation by new developments in theory as well as innovations in the applications of these models to address new policy challenges. Underlying the discussion will be an evaluation of the way in which spatial issues have been addressed, ranging from concerns with regionalization to issues of spillovers and spatial correlation.

Resilience: An Evolutionary Approach to Spatial Economic Systems

The concept of resilience has received a great deal of attention in the past decades. Starting from the first fundamental definitions offered by Holling, Pimms and Perrings in an economic-ecological modeling context, the present paper explores the ‘evolution’ of the resilience concept—as well as related different measures—in both a continuous and discrete time setting.