Spatial Concepts Research Articles

Hidden Facts and The Representation of Indonesia within Mamiya Mosuke’s “Kichi no Seikatsu”

Despite witnessing modernization in Indonesia, nanpōchōyōsakka (South-dispatched writers) depicted Indonesians as people who remain undeveloped because of Western colonialism. This article argues that there must be “hidden facts” behind the representation of Indonesia within the writers’ works due to a mission of disseminating the idea of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. Using Mamiya Mosuke’s military essay “Kichi no Seikatsu” as the object of study, this article seeks to explain what kind of “Indonesia” Mamiya represents and the impact of such representation on “Indonesia” as a spatial concept by illuminating “hidden facts” behind his expressions. This article employs the concept of contact zone (Mary Louise Pratt) to view Indonesia as a social space already shaped by Dutch colonialism and uses sakuhinron method to analyze Mamiya’s expressions in representing Indonesia. Through analysis, Mamiya portrays Indonesians as reliant people and blames such conditions on the Dutch colonial policy while leaving local intellectuals and nationalist movements out of his narrative. This article concludes that Mamiya justifies the notion of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere by denying Indonesian agency, gives an impression that Indonesians need Japanese guidance to stand on their own. Keywords: Contact Zone; Kichi no Seikatsu; Mamiya Mosuke; Nanpōchōyōsakka; Representation

The Umah Pitu Ruang concept: Environmental adaptation and the Covid-19 pandemic

This paper discusses how to adapt the concept of space from Umah Pitu Ruang in the past to modern Gayo houses today, especially to deal with the dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic case. At the same time, it brings the environmental adaptation of the houses. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collection is done by collecting literature, observation and interviews. The data collected through literature, observation, and interviews will then be analyzed and then described what is found in Umah Pitu Ruang, a modern house, and what the implications are for a healthy home. Although physically, Umah Pitu Ruang is difficult to re-apply nowadays, but some of the spatial concepts of Umah Pitu Ruang can still be adapted for today, including during the COVID-19 pandemic through a sharper perspective. The architecture of the past can provide lessons through local wisdom, one of which is culture. In this discussion we can conclude that the culture that exists in Umah Pitu Ruang can be adapted to the present with a contemporary approach.

Critical urban theory in the Anthropocene

Critical urban thinkers often imagine urbanisation and the Anthropocene as inevitably being companion processes. But is planetary urbanisation the necessary telos and spatial limit of life in the Anthropocene? Is urban resilience the final form of urban responses to climate change? Will (or should) the urban (as either spatial form or process) survive the upending impacts of climate change or adaptation? Or, if the Anthropocene is a time of deep environmental and epistemological upheaval without historical precedent, might even more recently created spatial concepts of the planetary urban condition themselves soon be out of date? This article raises these questions for urban scholars via critical engagement with a proposal to retire Miami – considered climate change ‘ground zero’ in the US and doomed by rising seas – and repurpose it as fill for ‘The Islands of South Florida’: a self-sufficient territory of artificial high-rises delinked from global infrastructural networks. This vision of an ‘urbicidal Anthropocene’, the article argues, suggests that the injunction subtending planetary urbanisation work – to relentlessly question inherited spatial frameworks – has not been taken far enough. Still needed is Anthropocene critical urban theory, to consider urban forms and processes emerging via climate change and adaptation, but also how such mutations may point beyond the theoretical and spatial bounds of the contemporary urban condition itself.

A Case Study on BIM Object-Based Earned Value and Process Management in Highway Construction

The detailed data including spatial concept is not transmitted in the detailed data including the spatial concept in the statement of internal construction sites, and the integrated management of cost and process is not carried out because the construction is carried out on the site with cost-oriented details. so doing a double task of generating the necessary work breakdown structure (WBS) and spatial concept detailed data. In order to solve these problems, in this paper, the classification of information using building information model (BIM) object-based properties, 3D object creation standards, cost, and process information are presented centering on the case of highway construction sites. In the future, BIM-based cost-process integration proposes an efficient construction management practice through management.

Extended galleries above the porch in two mosques: Qualitative analysis of mosques with wooden minaret in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Among the many mosques from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most numerous are modest and predominantly wooden mosques covered by a hip roof with an integrated wooden minaret. Although they originate in the long tradition of Turkish single-space mosques, their appearance and construction represent the expression of Bosnian autochthonous architecture. They were mostly built for the needs of the neighborhood (mahala) in smaller and larger towns, but also in rural areas. Due to the perishable materials and various other reasons, they had been renovated several times so changes in appearance were in some cases quite certain. These structures have been insufficiently researched and very few valuable publications are available so far.
 Qualitative analysis of significant examples, in addition to the common features by which these mosques differ from large monumental mosques, differences in the spatial concept, as well as the construction of individual elements, were observed. Concerning the shape of the entrance, these mosques have four characteristic solutions: a mosque with a porch, with a porch and a gallery, without a porch, and with a closed vestibule. The analysis also showed that the two mahala mosques in Tuzla had a specific gallery form that deviated from the typical solution. These galleries are extended over the porch on three sides by the application of ingenious carpentry solutions and covered with elongated eaves. In addition, this study showed that thanks to available sources, it was possible to re-establish the original form of the two mosques, which had since been altered.

Identification of Land Resource Potential for Agricultural Landscape Planning Using Land Capability Evaluation Approach and GIS Application (a Case in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia)

Land allocation for agricultural lands is required when the region have potency to be developed while the same time, conservation aspects are still considered. Central Kalimantan Province with total areas of 15, 451, 287 hectares has potential land available for agricultural development. At initial stage, with a landscape scale, land resource potential is needed to be assessed for planning purposes. The aimed of this study was to design the spatial concept of agricultural landscape planning on sustained basis. Methodology used in this include concept of land capability evalution (LCE) approach and geographic information system (GIS) application. The result of evaluation showed that Central Kalimantan was classified into 6 land capability classes i.e class II, III, IV, VI, VII, and VIII with several limiting factors such as peat depth, drainage, slope, and texture. Within GIS environment, the result of spatial analysis shown that total areas of agricultural land region was 9,571,231 hectares or 61.95% of total Central Kalimantan province. This indicates that the lands are still widely available for agricultural development. These areas are located not only in wetlands typology but also found in dryland areas. Specific program that specific to location can then be formulated in order to develop the areas.

Nature-based solutions must be realized - not just proclaimed - in face of climatic extremes

Natural hazards resulting from climate change are increasing in frequency and intensity. As this is not a linear trend but rather by singularities and anomalies including a broad spectrum of climatic and weather extremes with high temporal and spatial uncertainty, focused avoidance strategies are difficult to prepare. However, the effects of climate change are mostly addressed with outdated ‘business as usual’ approaches by governments and most stakeholders, which are unfit to tackle the complexity of current challenges. Coping action for natural hazards is mostly undertaken during and after such events compensating damage through payments and restoration. In the future, pro-active nature-based solutions are needed for risk mitigation and avoiding severe damage through enhancing all facets of biodiversity from species richness, structural roughness, to spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems. This will not avoid extreme weather events, but it will reduce the damage of increasingly appearing natural hazards. However, this strategy cannot be implemented all of a sudden. Long-term and spatial concepts are needed. For this purpose, currently missing governance structures based on geographical, geoscientific, ecological, meteorological, and societal expertise should be installed. In recent years, a good scientific and knowledge basis for the required solutions has been developed, which now must translate into action. Here, a series of suggestions is compiled for a broad spectrum of extreme events and societal fields, which is far from being complete but should stimulate critically needed creativity and commitment. Nature-based solutions will not deliver a complete protection and cannot be the only kind of action, but we can no longer rely on post-disaster compensation or on the safety illusion of mere engineering and construction works. The efficiency of biodiversity as an insurance for maintaining ecosystem services is well understood. The implementation of nature-based adaptation, coping, and protection measures is less expensive than traditional end-of-the-pipe constructions. It requires an in-depth understanding of interacting processes and trans-disciplinary cooperation based on a broad acceptance in the public. Investments into these solutions would pay off, not tomorrow, but in the future. It is the best sustainable and feasible approach for disaster prevention.

스토리텔링을 적용한 학교 내 기념공간 설계 - 목상고등학교 김대중동산을 대상으로 -

The purpose of this study is to propose a memorial space design for Kim Daejung hill in Moksang high school that enhances commemorative characteristics by applying storytelling practices. First, we conducted a theoretical review of the storytelling areas and practices applicable to spatial designs. Then, field surveys were conducted four times from January to March 2020. After that, we went through conceptual design plans of spaces and circulation, final design, and detailed design applying storytelling practices. As a result, the identity of the memorial space that can be derived from the site was divided into three areas of storytelling: Story, Contextual, and Discourse. Then, design elements corresponding to each identity were derived. According to the spatial concept of the study, the derived design elements were applied in two areas and four spaces. The memory area comprises memory space(memory garden, prison letter walls, access road) and forest space(forest of memory, rest space, independence movement trail). The remembrance area is composed of open space(Kim Daejung statue & monument, the silence tribute space, the remembrance yard, the remembrance trail) and tree screen space(crepe myrtle forest, crepe myrtle trail). All spaces and facilities design elements are designed with five storytelling practices(naming, sequencing, reveling & concealing, gathering, and opening) to secure commemorative character, placeness, landscapes, and resting functions. As a result, the final design plan proposes the memorial space with a memorial statue, which is recognized only as a sculpture-centered space, into a place emphasizing commemorative characteristic. Futhermore, this design case is very meaningful as it can strengthen the educational effect of the memorial space in the school, the symbolism of the school, the identity of the students, and the pride of the school.

Die Raumfrage als Schnittstelle von Theologie, Politik und Sozialgeschichte: Kulturwissenschaftliche Raumwende und neutestamentliche Exegese

The following article is part of an essay trilogy dealing with space and spatial concepts in the New Testament. In this trilogy, the spatial thematic approach is profiled as an interface for political, social-historical and theological–christological questions. The article illustrates how this interface function works in the basileia theme in Matthew and Luke.

From Territoriality to Borderscapes: The Conceptualisation of Space in Border Studies

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to analyse the conceptualisation of space in border studies. My interest in the subject arises because recent articles published on diverse outlets of border studies have advanced the notion that borders are on the move and not necessarily located where it is expected—at the line shared by two sovereign nations. Instead, scholars argued that borders have become dislocated, displaced and can be found in-between, anywhere even if they have been out-sourced or placed off-shore. This notion of borders “everywhere” gives the sensation that borders are becoming a-spatial, a-territorial, space no longer matters, and geography is dead. This paper challenges that view. Thus, the main contribution this paper makes is to bring back space into border theory by tracing and reinserting spatial concepts into the discussion of border studies. The central argument in the paper is that space and borders are closely intertwined—like the ying and yang; borders are space. I argue that we can advance the theorisation of borders from a spatial perspective by delving deeper into concrete spatialisations such as micro spaces or heterotopias (besides the camp. Prison, mental hospitals, etc.) where bordering practices take place.

THE HAN RIVER AS THE CENTRAL AXIS AND THE PREDOMINANCE OF WATER: QUESTIONING THE CLAIM OF “NO CHU-RELATED TRAITS” IN THE VIEW OF TERRESTRIAL SPACE IN THE RONG CHENG SHI MANUSCRIPT (FOURTH CENTURY B.C.E)

AbstractThe description of the “Nine Provinces” (Jiu zhou 九州) found in the Rong Cheng shi 容成氏 (Mister Rong Cheng?, late fourth century b.c.e.) manuscript from the Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips Collection (Shangbo cangjian 上博藏簡) is the only manuscript version of it known to date. Its discovery immediately raised the question of its relation to the cluster of descriptions on the “Nine Provinces” transmitted from the late Warring States to the early Western Han periods. There is general consensus that the manuscript description of the “Nine Provinces” has close affinity with the transmitted descriptions, as well as with a wide spectrum of transmitted early Chinese texts in general. It is distinguished by the eclectic combining of known spatial concepts, rather than manifesting any radically new or specifically Chu traits. In this study I reassess this impression with respect to the reference to the Han River in the manuscript, which up to now has been noted only in passing as an unsolved puzzle. I argue that the Han River is referred to here as the central axis that divides terrestrial space into southern and northern halves, something that implies a shifting of the mapped area to the South and thus conveys a Chu view of space. Together with philological analysis of the descriptions of terrestrial space, I apply an innovative method of investigation of these descriptions through landmarks, using as a visual aid traditional Chinese historical maps. In addition, I explore the predominance of waters as the distinguishing feature of the representation of terrestrial space in the Rong Cheng shi manuscript and demonstrate its difference from the structuring of terrestrial space proceeding from mountains to waterways to be seen in the majority of transmitted early Chinese texts.

Spatial Thinking With Comics in Geography Education

Spatial thinking is a key asset in geography education. Thus pre-service geography teachers need to be trained in spatial thinking. Since comics seem to be a good approach to teaching geography, in our study we wanted to find out about the possibilities to teach spatial thinking with comics. How do students put their spatial thinking into practice while producing their own comics? What does this mean for the learning process? We analyzed comics, which were produced by teacher students in a mid-level university seminar for the use in the geography classroom. In the analysis of the comics produced by our students we gauged their abilities to think spatially in terms of the spatial concepts developed by Wardenga. We contextualized the visual output of the comics with a survey we conducted among the participants, which we analyzed using qualitative content analysis. We found that our students had difficulties assessing the potential of comics to teach spatial thinking in a purely verbal and theoretical way. However, in their own productions they showed high levels of creativity expressing spatial concepts. Comics produced by learners offer unique opportunities for the reflection and assessment of their ways of spatial thinking.

Spatial concepts of number, size, and time in an indigenous culture.

In industrialized groups, adults implicitly map numbers, time, and size onto space according to cultural practices like reading and counting (e.g., from left to right). Here, we tested the mental mappings of the Tsimane', an indigenous population with few such cultural practices. Tsimane' adults spatially arranged number, size, and time stimuli according to their relative magnitudes but showed no directional bias for any domain on any spatial axis; different mappings went in different directions, even in the same participant. These findings challenge claims that people have an innate left-to-right mapping of numbers and that these mappings arise from a domain-general magnitude system. Rather, the direction-specific mappings found in industrialized cultures may originate from direction-agnostic mappings that reflect the correlational structure of the natural world.

INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN PLACED-BASED LEARNING

Abstract. Integration of remote sensing techniques and Environmental Science methodologies in placed-based curriculum design creates unique learning opportunities. To promote introductory-level student engagement with STEM, our team designed a set of multidisciplinary teaching materials to intensely examine a single location: the Lake Sidney Lanier watershed of North Georgia, USA. Using a combination of scientific approaches from a variety of disciplines, course exercises encourage students to holistically learn about environmental conditions within the watershed. Remote sensing exercises are embedded throughout the course content and include analysis of historic aerial imagery, Landsat-derived dynamic surface water extent, google timelapse land cover change, Sentinel 2 spectral bands, and evaluation of topography.Fundamental spatial concepts of scale and connectivity are considered using interdisciplinary approaches and local data. Landscape ecology is presented alongside remote sensing concepts of spatial and temporal resolution. This allows students to think about the diverse ways scientists understand scale, pattern, and the definition of “place”. Multiple data sources are also provided for each topic. For example, remote sensing imagery is used to investigate surface water conditions during drought and high-rainfall time periods. In addition, USGS streamgage river discharge data and rainfall estimates are provided for students to examine drought history using multiple parameters. Lastly, sensor deployment and limitations of each data source are described so that students understand both the history of place as well as the process and development of science. Through the use of a place-based curriculum design and interdisciplinary lab exercises, students gain a holistic understanding of a regional watershed.

Red Vienna. 1919–1934

The political events and global socio-economic reforms carried out by social democrats in the early 20th century, expansion of the capital of Austria and the inflow of the working class caused the building of a “garden city” with rich infrastructure, parks and available and comfortable dwelling. The skills of advanced Austrian architects, ideological meaning together with economic forces, spatial concept and socialist slogans gave birth to a new architectural identity.

Integrating sociotechnical and spatial imaginaries in researching energy futures

In this Perspective we argue that how we imagine energy futures is inevitably entwined with how we envision our collective social and geographical futures. Spatiality is both constituted by and constitutive of sociotechnical imaginaries (STIs), as they encode specific imaginations of socio-spatial order. Going beyond recognising spatial differences, we formalise an assertively spatial perspective on STIs by drawing on the concept of spatial imaginaries. We show how holding that STIs and spatial imaginaries are co-produced is a productive way of conceptualising the spatial dimensions of STIs. Drawing on three types of spatial imaginary (place imaginaries, idealised spaces and spatial transformations imaginaries), we delineate two main lines of inquiry. First, we elaborate the spatialities underpinning energy transition imaginaries, identifying ways that each particular type of spatial imaginary, both separately and interconnectedly, shape energy transitions. Second, we address the politics of space and scale involved in the circulation and uptake of energy transition imaginaries, which is shaped by existing power relations, socio-spatial inequalities and the differentiated material and symbolic resources available to actors. We argue that this agenda contributes to richer understandings of how energy transitions unfold and offers further insights into how spatial concepts are actively mobilised within processes of social change.

3D Printing as a Teaching Tool for People Who Are Blind and Visually Impaired

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. This study explored use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed models as teaching tools in OT practice to increase understanding of spatial concepts such as severe weather patterns in people who are blind or visually impaired. Data were collected with an 11-item survey. All 20 participants (100%) reported that 3D models increased understanding of severe weather patterns. This proposal demonstrates how OTs can use 3D printing to design and manufacture individualized educational tools. Primary Author and Speaker: Jennifer Fortuna Additional Authors and Speakers: Julia Vandermolen

Study of the Form and Meaning of the Nawa Gapura Marga Raja as an Artefact of the Cirebon Cultural Community Form and Meaning Nawa Gapura Marga Raja

A work of traditional culture by the geniuses of Cirebon's past, named Nawa Gapura Marga Raja, is one of the historical buildings that are still sacred. There are 9 doors or gates, each of which is gathered in one area of ​​the building. The form and meaning of the number of gates for the author is a very interesting phenomenon to study, its relation to cultural expressions that allow so many symbolic values ​​to be interpreted. This study of form and meaning aims to analyze and gain knowledge related to the form and visual meaning of the gates in this building. To find out the meaning of the physical form of Nawa Gapura Marga Raja, this study uses an art criticism approach from Edmund Burke Feldman with the visual narration method of Gerard Genette. In the process, the research goes through the following stages; literature study, observation, and conducting interviews with related parties. From the results of the analysis, it is understood that the structure of the form and layout of the building is heavily influenced by the spatial concept of primordial culture mixed with a new culture, so that it represents a myth, also has meanings that are closely related to religious teachings, culture and leadership values. Keywords: form, art criticism, visual narrative, meaning, nawa gapura marga raja

Das politische Potential neutestamentlicher Raumentwürfe

Abstract The following article is part of an essay trilogy dwelling on space and spatial concepts in New Testament scriptures. In the course of this, space thematic approaches are consequently utilized as an interface for political, socio-historical and theological- christological issues. The focal point of this article is an application of this space orientated approach concerning 1 Peter and Revelation.

A SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION OF NATURAL INTERACTIONS FOR IMMERSIVE MODELING FROM BUILDING BLOCKS

AbstractThe increased availability of affordable virtual reality hardware in the last years boosted research and development of such systems for many fields of application. While extended reality systems are well established for visualization of product data, immersive authoring tools that can create and modify that data are yet to see widespread productive use. Making use of building blocks, we see the possibility that such tools allow quick expression of spatial concepts, even for non-expert users. Optical hand-tracking technology allows the implementation of this immersive modeling using natural user interfaces. Here the users manipulated the virtual objects with their bare hands. In this work, we present a systematic collection of natural interactions suited for immersive building-block-based modeling systems. The interactions are conceptually described and categorized by the task they fulfil.