Spatial Concepts Research Articles

Концепт «Смерть» В Українській Народній Казці

The article analyzes the concept of «death» in folklore (fairy tale) text at three levels: 1) as an object (embodied in a concrete character); 2) as a process (implemented through a motive); 3) as a spatial concept (expressed through the locus). 1) Anthropomorphic image of death in folk fairy prose functions in samples of novels. In the Ukrainian folk fairy tale tradition, the character of death is represented only as feminine gender. Unlike the western European tradition of depicting Death in the form of a skeleton with a scythe, in the Ukrainian tale it is an anthropomorphic character without any signs of decomposition (the scythe as its attribute occurs very rarely in the texts). The fairy tale emphasizes on such features of the death character as inevitability, justice, courtesy and nobility. 2) The motive of the death of the protagonist is frequent for a magic types of fairy tale. The motive of dying are mainly concerns protagonists and is realized through the motives of the hero’s journey to the otherworld. It is noteworthy that such a trip is stratified according to the gender principle: the voluntary journey of the hero, connected with the conflict in which the woman is mostly involved, and the forced journey of the heroine, who often does not suspect its true reason - the intention of the antagonist / evil stepmother who wants to see her perish. The motive of the death of the protagonist is predominantly in the enchanting heroic fairy-tales, where it is realized: a) through the swallowing of the hero by a monster, often a fish; b) petrification of the hero as a result of violation of the prohibition of keeping silence made by demonological beings; c) the murder of a hero by a traitor or antagonist (as a rule, with the further resurrection of the protagonist with the help of «healing and living water»). 3) The analysis of the texts confirms the presence of both vertical and horizontal planes with the semantics of the space of death. The horizontal plane does not have any vector (the fairy tale does not emphasize the eastern, western, southern or northern directions of the hero’s movement to the otherworld), but these planes always belong to the boundary space (the most frequent locus is the forest). The vertical plane of the death locus is located in the underground (lower projection of the vertical vector) and the celestial (upper projection of the vertical vector) worlds with the domination of the lower projection.

The Effectiveness of An Educational Program Based on Pictures and Graphics in Developing Some Spatial and Temporal Concepts among Kindergarten Children

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of an educational program based on images and graphics in developing some spatial and temporal concepts among kindergarten children. The researchers used the semi-experimental approach, and the sample of the study, chosen randomly, consisted of (50) children and distributed among the two study groups (25) groups. Experimental and (25) control groups. The researchers prepared the study tools represented by the educational program and a test that measures temporal and spatial concepts after confirming their validity and stability. The results of the study showed statistically significant differences between the members of the two groups in favor of the experimental group, and the study recommended including this program in kindergarten curricula.

Grammar in the brain: Two grammar subsystems and two agrammatic types of aphasia

Grammar includes not only the ability to use verbs but also the ability to express and understand the relationships existing among the words in a sentence. Since the initial description of agrammatism (Kussmaul, 1877) it was proposed that there are two different types of agrammatism: Aktaphasie and Agrammatismus . The first one has been extensively studied, while the second one has been mostly overlooked. To analyze the brain areas involved in understanding the relationships existing among the words in a sentence. Its disturbances would correspond to the second type of agrammatism. Prepositions, adverbs, and grammatical cases are used to indicate the relationships among sentence words. This is a quasi-spatial ability supported by the left posterior parietal lobe. Almost one century ago a type of aphasia referred to as “semantic aphasia”, associated with left posterior parietal damage and characterized by the inability to use and understand the relationships among the language words, was described. Excepting a few papers, this type of aphasia has been usually ignored in the contemporary neuroscience literature. From the historical perspective, it has been proposed that grammar evolved in two steps: (1) proto-grammar, consisting of flat verb-noun compounds, and (2) hierarchical syntax or complex grammar. The first one is associated with the ability to use and understand verbs. The second one can be related to the ability to use verbally mediate spatial concepts. Some recently published cases of semantic aphasia corroborate its clinical manifestations and the locus of pathology. Functional studies support the participation of the left posterior parietal lobe in grammar. It is concluded that evidence suggests that semantic aphasia is a real type of aphasia and indeed there are two grammatical subsystems in the brain and two agrammatic types of aphasia. • Grammar contains the use of action and function words to express the relationship of elements in a sentence. • Action words (verbs) are supported by the Broca's area, while function words by the left posterior parietal lobe. • Left parietal lobe is specialized in understanding and using verbally mediated spatial information. • Damage in the left posterior parietal lobe results in so-called semantic aphasia. • Several pathways interconnect both grammatical subsystems.

Chinese does have independent tense elements

Abstract Previous research on Chinese tense indicates that Chinese has either null tense or no tense. However, the present study suggests that the conclusions of previous studies regarding Chinese tense are either against the syntactic truth or illogical. The present study provides new evidence to support that Chinese has two independent tense elements, zai and guo, which clearly indicate present and past tense, contrary to the traditional assumption that they are aspectual markers. From the perspective of grammaticalization, both zai and guo witnessed grammaticalization from the spatial concept to the temporal concept. The semantic evidence shows that zai and guo are semantically different from the aspectual markers zhe and le and convey the meaning of time location. The fact that both zai and guo are allowed in negation but not permitted in non-finite structure provides syntactic evidence that they are tense markers. However, the present study also suggests there can be two different zai and guo; zai and guo used separately and independently and zai and guo used with zhe and le. In the latter case, zai is a time adverbial and guo is an aspectual marker. The existence of independent tense markers in Chinese also shows that Chinese may have at least four different mechanisms to anchor tense.

A comparative study of animation versus static effects in the spatial concept-based metaphor awareness-raising approach on EFL learners’ cognitive processing of request strategies

abstractThis study evaluates the relative effects of two cognitive linguistic approaches – using animated versus static scenes in an illustration based on the spatial concept-oriented metaphor – and a non-cognitive linguistic approach on the Japanese EFL learners’ processing of request strategies with degrees of politeness. The cognitive linguistic approach consisted of applying the metaphor politeness is distance in the teaching of different degrees of politeness. It involved a spatial concept projection through which participants could understand degrees of politeness in terms of the spatially visualized concepts of near–far and high–low relationships associated with three social variables – closeness, power, and speaker difficulty – in either animated or static illustration. In contrast, the non-cognitive linguistic approach involved rote learning of target English polite requests in a list. The results demonstrated that the static version of the cognitive linguistic approach enabled participants to process degrees of politeness and perform as well as those who underwent the animated version. Moreover, the animation effects did not appear to have had a major impact on the overall performance of groups subjected to both cognitive language approaches. The results also showed that the cognitive linguistic approach groups outperformed the non-cognitive linguistic approach and control groups.

Multidimensional enrichment of spatial RDF data for SOLAP

Large volumes of spatial data and multidimensional data are being published on the Semantic Web, which has led to new opportunities for advanced analysis, such as Spatial Online Analytical Processing (SOLAP). The RDF Data Cube (QB) and QB4OLAP vocabularies have been widely used for annotating and publishing statistical and multidimensional RDF data. Although such statistical data sets might have spatial information, such as coordinates, the lack of spatial semantics and spatial multidimensional concepts in QB4OLAP and QB prevents users from employing SOLAP queries over spatial data using SPARQL. The QB4SOLAP vocabulary, on the other hand, fully supports annotating spatial and multidimensional data on the Semantic Web and enables users to query endpoints with SOLAP operators in SPARQL. To bridge the gap between QB/QB4OLAP and QB4SOLAP, we propose an RDF2SOLAP enrichment model that automatically annotates spatial multidimensional concepts with QB4SOLAP and in doing so enables SOLAP on existing QB and QB4OLAP data on the Semantic Web. Furthermore, we present and evaluate a wide range of enrichment algorithms and apply them on a non-trivial real-world use case involving governmental open data with complex geometry types.

The spatial development concept of the agro-industrial complex in the Western macro-district of the Krasnoyarsk region

Improving the territorial location of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of considering the peculiarities of the labor, natural and climatic potential of municipal districts is an important factor in increasing the sustainability of rural development. In the present article, a study of the social, natural-climatic and economic-geographical prerequisites for the specialization of the agro-industrial complex of the Western macro-district was conducted. The results of the study were the definition of spatial development concept for the agro-industrial complex based on the formation and development of specialized agricultural zones in the Western macro-district of the Krasnoyarsk region. It was proved that in the conditions of a market economy, the need for scientifically based specialization of rural areas, the development of inter-district economic relations, the creation of combined industries that provide deep processing of agricultural raw materials becomes particularly relevant.

Understanding Spatial and Temporal Scale in Biology

Choice of temporal and spatial scale for querying biological systems is key to opening up nature’s mysteries for investigation. For example, temporal resolution at which sampling is conducted is critical to answering granular details about a biological phenomenon, where a coarse sampling interval could not reveal fine level control on RNA transcription or protein translation. On the other hand, the spatial scale at which a biological question is posed concerns the validity of the conclusions drawn from the data obtained. Specifically, techniques and methods chosen for population level cellular assays would not be able to address questions at the single cell level, while the intricacies and caveats of single cell methodologies in understanding biological processes at the single cell level needs to be appreciated. More importantly, how single cell phenomena is aggregated to population level effects need to be factored into experiment design and data interpretation both for single cell and population level studies. Specifically, as biology transcends multiple levels of organization ranging from single cell to clusters of cells and cell population, it is critical to gain understanding of how different biological effects could manifest at different population sizes. Hence, understanding the nuances of how temporal and spatial concepts could be deployed in experiment design in biology would help yield experiments that would more likely help address specific questions posed at the interface of subpopulations and subcellular level.

Spatial Thinking and Decision-Making Abilities to Learn About Disaster Preparedness

Disaster preparedness is one concern in Indonesia for natural disasters have frequently occurred in the country, both geologically and environmentally. Disaster preparedness focuses on activity series which are related to organizational ability, spatial thinking, and decision-making abilities. However, the two latter are still unconcerned. This study aims to improve disaster preparedness through spatial thinking. It is an action research, with the subject of 32 high school students who were studying geography lesson. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The study results are: (1) there was an increase in students’ knowledge about disasters with the classical completeness of 92%, proving the effectiveness of the learning process (2) It is easier for students to understand the concept of disaster through spatial thinking. Spatial thinking includes three components, namely: (a) the spatial concept as the space and direction, such as points, regions, distances, which are vital during disaster; (b) tools of representation, such as maps of an area as representations of the real-world; (c) the process of reasoning for problem-solving through a spatial perspective by using a variety of cognitive skills and knowledge. Therefore, schools need to facilitate teachers to implement spatial thinking-based disaster education in preparing young people to face disasters.

Political Theology of International Law: Methodological Facets and Borders

The article investigates the possibility of applying political theology as a specific methodological approach to international law. As the key theses of political theology were originally formulated by C. Schmitt in the context of national law acting in a homogeneous environment, political theology discourse in the modern philosophy of international law is mainly related to the universalist projects of global law based on an analogy with national law. The first of such strategies, the expansionist strategy, presupposes the construction of global order by the world hegemon. The second, the cosmopolitan strategy, assumes that international law can be built on the basis of an ongoing process of discussion of the global order foundations by the widest possible range of actors. Both of these strategies charm “eternal peace” and are nourished by a common messianic spirit and, therefore, are utopian. However, Schmitt’s international law legacy offers an atypical non-universalist and anti-messianic view on international law as a heterogeneous global legal order based on spatial concepts. Despite the fact that the application of political theology to this kind of order is difficult, it shall not be excluded for several reasons. The pluralistic structure of the heterogeneous order can be seen as a katechon that holds back the end of history. Finally, the political theology of international law can be applied to analyze the historical transformations of the international legal order.

Two Examples of Modern Mosques in Sarajevo by Architect Ahmet Hadrovic

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, a relatively large number of mosques were built during the Ottoman Empire (15th-19th century). During the SFRY (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1945-1992), the socialist era, religion was on the margins of society, and the construction of new mosques was the hands of traditional masters who followed mainly the patterns of Ottoman mosques. There are rare exceptions, such as the White Mosque in Visoko (architect Zlatko Ugljen, 1983). After the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995), there was a change in the social order and composition of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state, where (now in the capitalist system) many freedoms were open, including religious ones. The construction of sacral buildings has become a public matter of society where architects are also involved. The author of this paper was given the opportunity to design mosques, where, as a basic approach in design, he wanted to create modern buildings that will, in addition to the basic prayer space, have a number of other contents (covering both religious and secular needs of people). In addition, it was a good opportunity to apply new architectural and spatial concepts, new constructions and materials in the design of mosques, as well as the aesthetics rooted in the foundations of Islam as a universal view of the world. In his designs of mosques (ten realized and several at the level of the conceptual design), the author of this paper paid special attention, in addition to liquid functional flows, to the role of light in design, both daylight and artificial lighting.

How Should we Use Multicolumn Spinal Cord Stimulation to Optimize Back Pain Spatial Neural Targeting? A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial (ESTIMET Study)

BackgroundRecent studies have highlighted multicolumn spinal cord stimulation (SCS) efficacy, hypothesizing that optimized spatial neural targeting provided by new-generation SCS lead design or its multicolumn programming abilities could represent an opportunity to better address chronic back pain (BP). ObjectiveTo compare multicolumn vs. monocolumn programming on clinical outcomes of refractory postoperative chronic BP patients implanted with SCS using multicolumn surgical lead. Materials and MethodsTwelve centers included 115 patients in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. After randomization, leads were programmed using only one or several columns. The primary outcome was change in BP visual analogic scale (VAS) at six months. All patients were then programmed using the full potential of the lead up until 12-months follow-up. ResultsAt six months, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes whether the SCS was programmed using a mono or a multicolumn program. At 12 months, in all patients having been receiving multicolumn SCS for at least six months (n = 97), VAS decreases were significant for global pain (45.1%), leg pain (55.8%), and BP (41.5%) compared with baseline (p < 0.0001). ConclusionThe ESTIMET study confirms the significant benefit experienced on chronic BP by patients implanted with multicolumn SCS, independently from multicolumn lead programming. These good clinical outcomes might result from the specific architecture of the multicolumn lead, giving the opportunity to select initially the best column on a multicolumn grid and to optimize neural targeting with low-energy requirements. However, involving more columns than one does not appear necessary, once initial spatial targeting of the “sweet spot” has been achieved. Our findings suggest that this spatial concept could also be transposed to cylindrical leads, which have drastically improved their capability to shape the electrical field, and might be combined with temporal resolution using SCS new modalities.

Consideration of Constructs for the Spatial Concept for Infant's

Consideration of Constructs for the Spatial Concept for Infant's

The Application of Interaction Design in Urban Public Space

With the continuous development of China's social and economic civilization, interaction design has more and more connections with our urban space construction. As a fusion of science, technology and art, interaction design has played an important role in promoting the development of various industries in public spaces. In interaction design, space is not an empty container for everything in the world, nor is it a scientifically abstract mechanical or geometric space. The purpose of this article is to explore and study the relationship between exhibits and space visitors through the spatial expression of interactive design. This paper studies the number of accounts for users of a city construction website to learn about interaction design knowledge, and investigates the customer satisfaction survey of a construction company using interaction design in the construction of urban public spaces, and the degree of execution of interaction design methods by a certain university’s technicians and scholars. Analyze and study the characteristics of interaction design and the application of spatial concepts in interaction design. Through an experimental investigation of existing interaction design, the results show that interaction design has become a concrete and practical way of creation, opening up a new perspective for traditional space design, improving the efficiency of interaction design information transmission, and making the design richer and more comprehensive. It is more interesting, logical and scientific, and aims to develop different design interaction ideas and apply them to the future urban public spaces.

The role of visuospatial thinking in students’ predictions of molecular geometry

Visuospatial thinking is considered crucial for understanding of three-dimensional spatial concepts in STEM disciplines. Despite their importance, little is known about the underlying cognitive processing required to spatially reason and the varied strategies students may employ to solve visuospatial problems. This study seeks to identify and describe how and when students use imagistic or analytical reasoning when making pen-on-paper predictions about molecular geometry and if particular reasoning strategies are linked to greater accuracy of responses. Student reasoning was evidenced through pen-on-paper responses generated by high attaining, high school students (N = 10) studying Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory in their final year of chemistry. Through analysis and coding of students’ open-ended paper-based responses to an introductory task, results revealed that students employed multiple reasoning strategies, including analytical heuristics and the spontaneous construction of external diagrammatic representations to predict molecular geometry. Importantly, it was observed that despite being instructed on the use of VSEPR theory to find analytical solutions, some students exhibited preference for alternative reasoning strategies drawing on prior knowledge and imagistic reasoning; showing greater accuracy with 3D diagrammatic representations than students who used the algorithmic method of instruction. This has implications for both research and practice as use of specific reasoning strategies are not readily promoted as a pedagogical approach nor are they given credit for in national examinations at school level.

Feng Shui: A Comprehensive Review of its Effectiveness Based on Evaluation Studies

After five decades of its presence in the Western European space, the architectural profession, regardless of the popularity of feng shui, has never systematically declared itself about this phenomenon. This is a professional problem. It is equally absurd to dismiss feng shui as a bunch of superstitious nonsense without properly scientifically researching it, as well as its detailed study following all Western science standards, without asking, at least once, whether the Fengshui recommendations have the effect they promise, and if so, which and why. To answer this question an in-depth analysis of scientific articles on feng shui was performed. Evaluation studies found were divided into three groups: comparative studies where the effectiveness of fengshui's recommendations is not directly verified by field research, but compared with findings in other areas of science; field experimental studies that examine the actual effectiveness of selected feng shui recommendations, through a real or virtual environment, engaging participants and sometimes a control protocol and studies of living quality evaluation systems with feng shui recommendations. Based on the results of the studies analysed it can be concluded, that between the feng shui school of form, environmental psychology and sustainable design principles there are certain similarities, which some researchers confirm with a higher or a lower degree of correlation and statistical significance. On the other side, one of the fundamental concepts of feng shui, namely the concept of life energy qi, remains poorly researched. The conclusion is, that the greatest potential of feng shui for contemporary architecture is not so much in the practical application of its techniques and recommendations, as much of this is already included in everyday design practice, but in its philosophical and conceptual foundations. They can encourage architects to re-think spatial concepts and, if necessary, to change established spatial paradigms.

Comment on Aidan Forth’s, Barbed-Wire Imperialism: Britain’s Empire of Camps, 1876–1903 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2017)

This review essay assesses Aidan Forth’s Barbed-Wire Imperialism: Britain’s Empire of Camps, 1876–1903 within the broader historical context of imperial repression. It looks at how the British used camps as tools of control, how they reflected spatial concepts of imperial rule, and how they challenged the idea of liberal imperialism.

The Application of Space Vector in Calculation of Plinth Elevation Angle

The plinth elevation angle was related to the upstream slope and face slab shape of CFRD, as well as to the dam axis, which was very important in plinth design. Based on the space vector algorithm, the function established consists of plinth elevation angle and three-dimensional coordinate of key points of plinth line, which was taken as the unique input variable, and then the plinth elevation angle was directly obtained. The improved vector method with characteristics of high efficiency, simple input parameters and clear spatial concept, is obviously superior to the traditional geometric method which was deduce by doing the auxiliary line, and it has been widely applied and well verified in engineering.

Живая личность против законов Космоса: древнееврейское и древнегреческое слагаемые европейского мировоззрения

The article deals with the basic features of ancient Greek and ancient Jewish world outlook and analyzes their role in European history down to the 20th century. Attention is drawn to the fact that the fundamental difference of the ancient Greek worldview manifests itself in the absolute prevalence of spatial concepts, while time is understood by the model of "eternal return", the repetition of the same, rather than as a history that enriches man. In the center of the ancient Jewish worldview, on the contrary, is the idea of time as a historical process, which includes an endless dialogue between man and God, leading a person to maturity. Interpretations of the key Hebrew worldview concept of hā-ʻōlām as the Universe eternity and the Universe as duration are proposed and analyzed. The article shows that the idea inherited by Christian Europe from the ancient Greeks about the perfect arrangement of the Universe (Cosmos), conforming to the laws of nature, became the deepest reason for the domination of scientific rationality in modern civilization. At the same time the newest worldview tendencies connected with philosophy of life, intuitivism, existentialism, protecting the idea of irrational incomprehensibility of human life, can be recognized as originating from the Hebrew worldview. It was Henri Bergson who has clearly shown the opposite of these two trends within the European worldview. His concept of true time, understood as duration, memory and history, reveals striking coincidences with ancient Jewish conceptions of time and history. According to Bergson, duration is the essence of man and at the same time is the absolute being from which the Universe comes; this leads to radical anthropocentrism, which can be considered as a distant consequence of biblical anthropocentrism.

Засоби мовної репрезентації категорії простору в англійській термінології сфери біотехнології

The object of study of our article is the English special (terminological) vocabulary, which nominates the concept of biotechnology. The choice of terminology in the field of biotechnology as an object of study is not accidental. From a linguistic point of view, this field of knowledge is characterized by special biotechnological terminology, which is still being formed and is formed mainly in English, although the development of research in biotechnology is not a priority of the Anglo-American community. The study of biotechnological terminology from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics is associated with the study of the role of epistemological categories and their linguistic expression in the studied terminology. It has been established that certain categories play an important role both in the birth of a scientific concept and in the formation of a name reflecting it. The system of knowledge about the world, reflecting the cognitive experience of man, is characterized by a combination of concepts, in which, among others, one of the most important for the construction of the whole conceptual system is the concept of space. Spatial concepts and relationships play an important role in language. Our interest in space as a source for explaining the cognitive features of the biotechnological term is also due to the fact that the spatial approach is traditionally used to describe biological objects in the natural sciences. The purpose of the article is to study the role of the space category and its linguistic expression in the English biotechnological terminology. The author aims to reveal the functional features of the category of space in the language of biotechnology and to identify a set of tools in the English language that serve to express this category. The category under study is widely used in biotechnological terminology, since it is one of the basic categories that serve to classify concepts in the field of biotechnology. The epistemological category of space is widely represented in biotechnological terminology, as it has a pragmatic significance, which is explained by the need to accurately indicate the specific shape, size, location and movement of objects used by man for manipulation. Thus, from the point of view of the cognitive approach one of the bases of classification of concepts in biotechnological terminology is the category of space. Concepts of space (PLACE, FORM, SIZE MOVEMENT) are of paramount importance in the process of forming the concepts of biotechnology.In the process of forming knowledge about biological objects there is a selection of spatial concepts, of which in the foreground are concepts related to the topological properties of space (especially PLACE), they are verbalized primarily in English biotechnological terms. In the structure of language units, the component with spatial meaning is not the same in nature and occupies a different position. These can be specialized spatial morphemes, special spatial vocabulary, syntactic constructions that carry spatial information.