Spare Parts Supply Research Articles

Service and inventory model for maintenance workshop in the short cycle operation region: Agent-based simulation approach

Tools used in the North Sea region has a high cycle and come very often to maintenance workshop to be checked, repaired if needed and prepared for the next operations. The availability of spare parts at the workshop plays a significant role to keep the flow time as short as possible and meet such high-cycle operations. Supplying spare parts from the best-cost countries to the North Sea region with about one-year lead time makes the situation more critical and the economic order quantity and reorder point need to be found. However, having inventory at the workshop and ordering a batch of spare parts increases operational expenditures. Moreover, frequent supplies increase the environmental impacts of shipping CO2 and spare scrap rates, whereas repairing the used spare parts and reusing them again can offer a more sustainable solution. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a simulation model that can quantify the cost and benefits of reusing repaired spares compared to supplying newly built spares from the best-cost countries. To achieve this purpose, a case study has been implemented on a specific maintenance workshop within the North Sea region and the entire tool repair and spare part supply operations are conceptualized and modelled with the help of the simulation modelling approach. Two scenarios have been simulated: (1) the maintenance workshop fully depends on supplying newly built spares from the best-cost countries with no inventory stock or spare reuse, and (2) the Maintenance workshop is primarily dependent on repaired spares with an optimal level of spares stock. The simulation results, from the studied case, support the second scenario where a repair path cycle is introduced to the maintenance workshop, as a 78% reduction in lead times, a 116% improvement in worker utilization, a 73% reduction in crowding levels, a 52% reduction in scrap rate, and a potential profit increase of roughly three million NOK (20%). Therefore, it can be concluded that a local repair service is required to keep maintenance workshops in high-cycle regions at high-performance levels.

Stakeholders’ perceptions on the introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) in the maritime spare parts supply chain

Spare parts supply chain (SPSC) plays a crucial role in keeping ship machinery running. This study, rooted in a thorough literature review encompassing both academic and industry research, as well as established standards, seeks to shed light on stakeholder perspectives regarding the integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) into the maritime spare parts supply chain (SPSC). The aim is to address fundamental questions critical to shaping the maritime spare parts supply chain with AM. The research employs a questionnaire-based methodology, deemed the most appropriate tool for capturing stakeholder perspectives, motivations, and concerns. Participants are categorized as “end-users” and “suppliers” of spare parts. The end-users in the maritime SPSC encompass individuals both on board vessels and in onshore offices, ranging from ship owners to engineers, surveyors, and staff in various departments. On the upstream side of the SPSC, the study engages with manufacturers and suppliers of spare parts, including original equipment manufacturers and third-party subcontractors, as well as various types of distributors and service providers. The research concludes with a comprehensive understanding of the maritime industry’s engagement with AM, balancing cost-efficiency with the preservation of service quality and operational readiness. It identifies significant barriers, such as quality assurance, the need for skills and knowledge, digital asset management, copyright protection, and equipment availability and costs. This study marks a pioneering exploration of stakeholder perspectives within the maritime SPSC concerning the integration of AM technology. It underscores the industry’s eagerness to embrace digital transformation while highlighting key challenges that must be addressed for a successful transition; this is clearly an added value from a practical perspective. As the maritime sector stands at the precipice of technological evolution, understanding these perspectives is integral to steering towards a more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable future. Highlights The study delves into the perspectives of diverse stakeholders in the maritime Spare Parts Supply Chain, and how they approach Additive Manufacturing It reveals a comprehensive understanding of the industry’s commitment to cost-efficiency while maintaining service quality and operational readiness The research identifies significant barriers hindering the integration of Additive Manufacturing This study pioneers shedding light on the industry's enthusiasm for digital transformation and highlighting critical challenges that need addressing The findings provide practical insights for the maritime sector as it navigates technological evolution

Antecedents of Marketing Strategy in Palm Oil Industry Spare Parts Supplier Company (Case Study of PT. Technindo Contromatra)

The Palm Oil Industry is one of the important industries that support the Indonesian economy because it brings in a lot of foreign exchange and absorbs a lot of work. One of the parties involved in the supply chain of the palm oil industry is a supplier of equipment and spare parts for palm oil processing mills. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of equipment and spare parts supplier companies to add to using the appropriate marketing mix to develop their company's business. The method used in processing interview data and collecting questionnaire data. The results obtained are inputs in the form of business strategy adjustments for the company.

The Effect of Spare Part Procurement and Inventory on the Smooth Operation of Floatingcrane Vessels at PT MUTIARA JAWA

PT Mutiara Jawa is engaged in transshipment which handles loading and unloading of coal. So that the timeliness of unloading must be considered because the company must have special attention to these activities to prioritize its efforts in providing quality loading and unloading services. Based on the data, the problems that exist discuss the procurement and supply of ship spare parts for ship operations. The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence and relationship the procurement of spare parts has on the smooth operational activities of floating crane vessels. In this study found the results of data from the influence and relationship of spare part procurement to the smooth operation of floating crane vessels.

Optimal Lot-Sizing Decisions for a Remanufacturing Production System under Spare Parts Supply Disruption

Remanufacturing is one of the ways forward for product recovery initiatives and for maintaining sufficient production flow to satisfy customer demand by providing high-quality goods with a combination of new and return parts through a circular economy. Recently, manufacturers have been progressively incorporating remanufacturing processes, making their supply chains vulnerable to disruptions. One of the main disruptions that occurs in remanufacturing systems is the shortage of spare parts supply, which results in unexpected delays in the remanufacturing process and could eventually result in a possible loss of sales. In the event of such potential disruptions, remanufacturing facilities must manage their supply chains in an effective and optimal manner such that the negative impact of disruptions to their business can be minimised. In this study, a two-stage production–inventory system was analysed by developing a cost-minimisation model that focuses on the recovery schedule after the occurrence of a disruption in sourcing spare parts for a remanufacturer’s production cycle. The developed model was solved using the branch-and-bound algorithm, where the experimental results demonstrated that the model provides effective solutions. Through numerical experiments, results indicated that the optimal recovery schedule and the number of recovery cycles are considerably dependent on the disruption time, lost sales and backorder costs. A sensitivity analysis showed that the lost sales option seems to be more effective than the backorder sales option in optimising the system’s overall cost due to unmet demand, which becomes lost sales when serviceable items are reduced, thereby shortening recovery time. Furthermore, a case study revealed that a manufacturer’s response to disruption is highly influenced by the spare part costs and overall recovery costs as well as the supplier’s readiness level. The proposed model could assist managers in deciding the optimal production strategy whilst providing interesting managerial insights into vital spare parts recovery issues when disruption strikes.

Klasifikasi Kebutuhan Sparepart Dengan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor Untuk Meningkatkan Penjualan Sparepart

Adequate supply of spare parts will be a supporting factor for consumer confidence in the company. The classification method approach can be applied in analyzing data to apply data mining with the classification method for spare parts needs generated by utilizing data testing consisting of 100 record datasets with a ratio of 90% training data (training data) and 10% test data (data testing). . Implementation of the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm model on test data (data testing) of 100 data objects, obtaining results that show a new insight in the form of classification of low and high level needs based on 2 categories. No is a category of light needs, consisting of 89 data objects, the category Yes is a category of high needs. Performance evaluation and testing using the RapidMiner Sstudio application is able to provide optimal results with the scenarios that are modeled. This algorithm model has an Accuracy value of accuracy: 93.00% +/- 6.40% (micro average: 93.00%).

An integrated multi-criteria decision-making and multivariate analysis towards sustainable procurement with application in automotive industry

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has emerged as a paramount issue in modern business organizations striving to become environmentally sustainable. Suppliers are pivotal in building a green supply chain. Green supplier selection (GSS) is a complex task involving several steps, from evaluation to final selection. This research aims to select spare parts suppliers of an automotive company based on their GSCM practices. Fourteen critical criteria are extracted from extant literature and refined through a Delphi study. The data was collected through interviews with industry experts using structured questionnaires. This study proposes integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and multivariate analysis method with internal consistency checks. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to calculate criteria weights. A Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method ranks the suppliers based on weighted criteria. The result shows that “collaboration with suppliers for green purchasing” is the most influential parameter for GSS. The outcome of this research may aid managers in selecting the most suitable green suppliers in the automotive industry by attaining sustainability. The proposed framework can be replicated to select suppliers in other industries.

Perhitungan Pengendalian Persediaan Fast Moving Spare Part Dengan Metode Min-Max Stock

Maintenance is an effort to maintain a heavy equipment unit to keep it in good condition. One of the techniques to maintain unit performance is by carrying out maintenance management which is a combination of various activities such as monitoring, scheduling, repairing, and inventory control. One part of maintenance management is inventory management which aims to ensure the availability of spare parts in the warehouse so that it can increase the efficiency of maintenance time. The purpose of this study is to calculate the supply of fast-moving spare parts, especially oil filters and diesel filters using the Min-Max Stock method at PT Armada Hada Graha Basecamp Kelontong. The research used a comparative quantitative method utilizing spare parts usage data from January to March 2022 and inventory stock data on March 2022. From the calculation results it can be concluded that the percentage of filter inventory between the minimum and maximum stock values ​​is 7%. It happens due to several factors, namely, materials, methods, machines, and the environment.

АЛГОРИТМ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПОСТАВОК ЗАПАСНЫХ ЧАСТЕЙ ТРАНСПОРТНЫМ СРЕДСТВАМ С УЧЕТОМ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВОСПОЛНЕНИЯ ИХ РЕСУРСА

The necessity to generate statistical data of diagnostic parameters of vehicles during their operation is determined. An algorithm for optimizing the supply of spare parts has been developed, taking into account the information and logistics support for the process of replenishing their resource, and an adaptive-controlled approach has been formed in the form of a model of the process of "replacing" the range of spare parts in vehicles. A system-analytical approach to the delivery of spare parts is determined, taking into account the stepwise change in their cost. The developed theoretical provisions will significantly reduce the complexity and time spent in a vehicle idle time.

Hierarchical-clustering-based joint optimization of spare part provision and maintenance scheduling for serial-parallel multi-station manufacturing systems

Both the spare part provision and the maintenance scheduling are important in ensuring the production of the Serial-Parallel Multi-Station System (SPMMS). In the multi-specification and small-batch production, the production plan, which renews batch by batch, leads to variable and uncertain working conditions. The existing Dynamic Opportunistic Maintenance (DOM), which separately optimizes each cycle, ignores the aftereffects of both the spare part provision and the Preventive Maintenance (PM) on the following PM scheduling. This paper studies the dynamic joint optimization of spare part provision and maintenance scheduling for the SPMMS, where the aftereffects of the information are especially investigated. During the failure rate modelling, the aftereffect of the historical working conditions is described with the accelerated failure-time model. In the system-level maintenance modelling, a Hierarchical-Clustering-Based Opportunistic Maintenance (HCBOM) policy, which uses a non-parametrical clustering, is introduced to incorporate the aftereffects of the PM. The case study and the policy comparisons verify the above-mentioned aftereffects. The proposed HCBOM is more cost-effective than the tradition Opportunistic Maintenance (OM) frame, the DOM, the group maintenance and the station-level maintenance. From the perspective of clustering, this work provides an innovative OM policy, which can guide practitioners to formulate cost-effective PM scheme without time-expensive calculations.

Feasibility Analysis of Weather Observation Equipment at Meteorological Stations in Supporting Flight Safety at Rahadi Oesman Ketapang Airport

Weather is one of the main factors for the world of aviation in supporting flight safety. Because aircraft are included in the mode of transportation that occurs in the atmosphere, so it greatly influences the operation of aircraft. Bad weather can cause flight schedules to change suddenly, causing delays and threatening flight safety. Therefore it is necessary to carry out weather observations, these observations are carried out by an agency called the Meteorological Station. The implementation of weather observations requires meteorological tools, these tools are divided into two types, namely conventional tools and automatic tools. What must be considered from the weather observation tool at the Rahadi Oesman Ketapang Meteorological Station is its feasibility. Therefore, this study aims to determine the condition of weather observation tools in supporting flight safety and to determine the obstacles experienced by the Ketapang Meteorological Station and the handling of these obstacles. This study used qualitative research methods. The data needed is primary data in the form of interviews and observations. And secondary data documentation in the form of data obtained from the Rahadi Oesman Ketapang Meteorological Station, in addition to other data obtained through journals, articles, or previous research that has something to do with the research that researchers are doing. Data analysis techniques in this study used data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Based on the data obtained from this study, the tools used at the Rahadi Oesman Ketapang Meteorological Station are operationally feasible, as evidenced by the results in the latest calibration certificate. However, after the calibration was carried out the following month, several obstacles were found, such as conventional and automatic tools that had problems, such as broken glass thermometers, sensors and networks on AWOS and AWS, frequent interruptions occurred which prevented data transmission, and the rain gauge was damaged. Then constrained by a very minimal supply of spare parts, so it is necessary to increase the spare parts.

Rethinking Additive Manufacturing for Spare Parts Supply Chain Management

Overview: Given the ongoing advancements in additive manufacturing (3D printing), many companies are considering using this digital technology for the supply of spare parts. This study identifies the advantages and barriers of additive manufacturing in the context of spare parts supply chain management. The case study examines the perspectives of a manufacturer and a customer of a spare parts supply chain. We present several questions that practitioners can use to (re)consider additive manufacturing for their companies.

Joint optimization of bi‐level imperfect maintenance and spare parts inventory considering order quantity

AbstractThe joint optimization of various maintenance actions and the supply of spare parts has received extensive attention in recent years owing to its advantage in reducing the overall operational costs of industrial systems. In this study, a joint optimization model is proposed considering bi‐level imperfect preventive maintenance and spare part ordering. A virtual age reduction model that considers bi‐level imperfect preventive maintenance (PM) is established. Upon each system shutdown, the PM level is determined based on the cost‐effectiveness ratio. Furthermore, an improved (s, S) inventory policy is proposed utilizing the information of the remaining number of PM and accumulated consumption of spare parts. Finally, the joint optimization models consisting of different PM policies and spare parts inventory policies are solved. Case studies show that compared with the traditional (s, S) inventory policy, the proposed joint optimization model can coordinate the ordering quantity of spare parts with the PM policy, and reduce the expected maintenance cost. A sensitivity analysis of the cost parameters is performed to explore their impact on the maintenance economy.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SIMULATION PROCESS OF PRODUCT SUPPLY FROM THE MANUFACTURER

A simulation model of the process of transportation of spare parts from the manufacturer to airports was developed using the method of agent modeling in the AnyLogic environment. During the construction of the model, a GIS map of the OpenStreetMap resource was used, which allows you to add coordinates of objects and build routes as close as possible to real ones. The imitation model was built for the Antonov Serial Plant and seven Ukrainian airports, which need spare parts for aircraft maintenance and repair twice a week. The order comes from the airport to the factory via notification. After that, the truck is loaded, the maximum number of cars for transportation is seven. The time for loading and unloading is two to three hours. After receiving the spare parts, the airport notifies this enterprise by the message «Delivered!». Then the truck is sent back to the enterprise. During the development of the simulation model, the single agent for the factory «Manufacturing», the population of the agent «Airport», which contains a collection of airports with their coordinates, the population of agents «Truck» and the agent type «Order» are created. The process of placing an order for new spare parts is described, given that each airport sends a request of the same form. The logic of order processing by the plant is described, which takes into account: receiving an application, time for loading the truck, sending it to the customer, unloading the truck, notification of delivery and returning the truck to the company. An optimization experiment was created and conducted to minimize the number of cargo vehicles for the supply of spare parts to Ukrainian airports, the loading of which is no more than 85%. The results of the experiment showed that the best allowable value for the use of resources is about 64% when using 2 trucks. According to the results of the conducted research the average value of the resource utilization rate at the enterprise will range from 60-85%.

A data-driven methodology for the periodic review of spare parts supply chain configurations

Configuring supply chains (SCs) is critical to spare parts retailers’ success, entailing two key aspects: stock deployment into distribution centres (DCs) (i.e. inventory centralisation or decentralisation) and stock supply in each DC (how many spare parts to supply and how often). Given the unpredictability of spare parts demand, stock deployment and supply policies should be regularly reviewed, adapting to fluctuations in customer needs. A viable way to do this is to adopt a multi-criteria ABC criticality classification. However, the multi-criteria ABC criticality classification has often been used to plan stock supply policies in a single DC, but only once to plan spare parts deployment. Nevertheless, the available literature methodology presents major limitations, being not applicable in real companies. Therefore, this paper provides a novel methodology, called SP-LACE, which first reviews the configuration of spare parts SCs based on a multi-criteria criticality classification. Then, allows, for the first time, to evaluate the economic benefits of the reviewed SC configuration. SP-LACE was tested on two case studies and compared with the literature methodology. The results indicate that it provides economic benefits (in terms of total SC cost), overcoming the limitations of the literature methodology and ensuring high service levels.

Honda Motorcycle Spare Parts Supply with Economic Order Quantitiy (Case Study : CV AHASS MOTOR JAYA 2)

Honda Motorcycle Spare Parts Supply with Economic Order Quantitiy (Case Study : CV AHASS MOTOR JAYA 2)

The Apeli: An Affordable, Low-Emission and Fuel-Flexible Tier 4 Advanced Biomass Cookstove

Based on the decision of representatives from the West African region and feedback from locals in Togo, an advanced continuous-feed, forced-draft, biomass cookstove named “Apeli” was developed. The stove was tested in modified ISO measurements based on the ISO 19867-1:2018 standard. This included a long shutdown operation using wood pellets and short shutdown operations using wood pellets, bamboo pellets, wheat straw pellets and palm kernel shells. Due to the fast shutdown capability, the short shutdown was chosen for more realistic results using this stove type. For cold start and long shutdown operation using wood pellets, the thermal efficiency is determined as 44.1% at a 1116 W power output by emitting 0.272 g CO and 17.2 mg PM 2.5 per MJd at high load. At low load, the efficiency is 38.0% at a 526 W power output by emitting 1.1 g CO and 45.1 mg PM 2.5 per MJd. Due to a misinterpretation of the standard, the burnout duration of the tests with long shutdown is approx. 1.5 min shorter than required. Using a worst-case approximation, values for a theoretical ISO-conforming measurement were calculated and rated according to the ISO 19867-3:2018 standard. The results showed that the Apeli would correspond to Tier 4 for efficiency and PM 2.5 as well as Tier 5 for CO in high-power operation using wood pellets. The use of alternative fuels is possible, but can lead to higher emissions compared to the use of wood pellets. With regard to possibly using the biochar produced in the process for soil application, it has been demonstrated that the PAH content ensures European BioChar-Agro-Organic limitations. The first results of a field test in Togo have shown that operating and feeding the stove by the target group is easy. The required permanent presence of the user during cooking with this stove seems to have a limited influence on acceptance, which seems to primarily depend on the age of the user. Moreover, it can be concluded that the Apeli has good potential to be mass-produced locally at low costs with a reliable supply of spare parts. This can contribute not only to improving clean cooking, but also to fighting air pollution and deforestation caused by solid fuel burning due to the reduced consumption of resources in the form of fuel, especially wood.

Layanan Purna Jual terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen (Studi Kasus Sepeda Motor Honda pada Bengkel Ahass PT. Mega Wahana Pesona Sengeti Muaro Jambi)

This study had purpose to find out how the influence of After-Sales Service on Consumer Satisfaction with a Case Study of Honda Motorcycles at the Ahass Workshop of PT. Mega Wahana Pesona Sengeti Muaro Jambi. The analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression on a sample of 100 respondents who are consumers at the Ahass workshop at the PT. Mega Wahana Pesona Sengeti Muaro Jambi. The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect of after-sales service on customer satisfaction at Ahass workshop at PT. Mega Wahana Pesona Sengeti Muaro Jambi. The company is expected to improve inventory management to ensure that the supply of accessories or spare parts does not wait too long. The company is also expected to optimize the promotion mix to improve the company's brand image. Future researchers are expected to develop research by examining other elements that are not present in this study, and not using simple models to obtain better research results.

Determination of Benefits of the Application of CMMS Database Improvement Proposals

Computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs) are software packages that support or organize the maintenance tasks of assets or equipment. They are found in the background of any ship maintenance operation and are an important part of maintenance planning, spare parts supply, record keeping, etc. In the marine market, there are a number of CMMSs that are competing fiercely to program a better and more modern program that will capture the market, which has been accompanied by published analyses and scientific papers. At the same time, the quality of the data entered into CMMS databases is questionable, a fact that has been ignored in practice and scientific circles; until recently, there were no published analyses and there was no way to measure the quality of the data entered. This article presents two proposals for improving the quality of CMMS databases and calculates their potential benefits. By implementing the first proposal, the evaluation methodology for the ship’s Planned Maintenance System database, between 10% and 15% of databases will have significant financial or safety benefits. This measure will also have an impact on more than 40% of the other databases that can also be improved. The second proposal will have a smaller impact of only 4%. The overall benefit of these proposals is to improve more than 60% of the databases and will result in a significant increase in safety or financial savings.

Energy transition challenges—traceability and verification

Abstract The Energy Transition is underway, yet there are real challenges to the endeavour. The necessary, and welcome, incentives offered by governments to speed the transition and encourage innovation rely on a degree of traceability and verification that simply does not exist today, as it has not been necessary or even desirable in traditional hydrocarbon markets to date, save for in the aviation fuels space. Abuses, and even fraud, have already been seen. The challenge of establishing consensus standards, registries and the associated audit trails for the new products and their production is considerable. This article examines some possible solutions, drawing on examples from other sectors such as food and aviation Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) spare parts supply.