Space Vector Modulation Research Articles

Open-Circuit Fault-Tolerant Control for Pentagon Winding Connected Five-Phase Current-Source Inverter Based PMSM Drives

Current-source inverter (CSI) is considered as a prospective solution for modern machine drives, for its higher reliability and superior harmonic suppression. The open-circuit fault-tolerant control for five-phase CSI-fed permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive with pentagon winding connection is investigated. The switch open-circuit fault and winding open-circuit fault are studied. For the switch open fault, three cases are discussed including single-phase, adjacent two-phase, and nonadjacent two-phase faults. It is indicated that in pentagon circuit, despite the switch of fault phase is disabled, the corresponding phase winding is still connected in the end-to-end power circuit and contributes for torque generation. The new sets of coordinate transformation are proposed, and the mathematical modeling is presented. The fault-tolerant space vector modulation (SVM) techniques are proposed based on the reconstructed vector planes. In addition, the single winding open fault is studied, which is a specific fault case and breaks off the closed pentagon connection. An important conclusion is derived that the pentagon winding connected CSI (PWC-CSI) gains inherent fault-tolerant capability against the single winding open circuit. The control algorithm even does not need to be switched during this typical fault. Experiments are performed on verifying the proposed schemes.

Comparative Study of Advanced Modulation and Control Schemes for Dual Three-Phase PMSM Drives With Low Switching Frequencies

In this paper, multiple advanced low-switching-frequency modulation and control schemes are investigated for dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The modulation schemes under investigation include multisampling space vector modulation (MS-SVM), selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) and synchronous optimal pulse width modulation (SOPWM) while the control schemes include complex vector control, model predictive control (MPC) and flux trajectory control-based model predictive pulse pattern control (MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> C). The difference between three-phase and dual three-phase PMSM drives at low switching frequencies is analyzed. Moreover, an optimal pulse width modulation (PWM)-based MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> C scheme is proposed for the dual three-phase PMSM, where the optimal PWM modulation and MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> C control are combined such that the optimal steady-state and dynamic control performance is achieved among the modulation and control schemes investigated. Experimental results are given to compare and validate the proposed control scheme.

New combined control strategy of on-board bidirectional battery chargers for electric vehicles

This paper aims to develop a bidirectional on-board battery charger for electric vehicles (EVs). The studied battery charger is composed of a bidirectional ac-dc converter as the first stage of conversion and a bidirectional dc-dc converter as the second stage. The first one is controlled by a predictive direct power control strategy based on a space vector modulation technique known as P-SVM-DPC, and the second is used to regulate the battery current and regulate the power direction flow by using a direct current control technique. The choice of its topology has taken into consideration the grid-to-vehicles (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power flow directions. During charging or discharging, the DC/DC converter acts likes a buck or boost converter. Using MATLAB/Simulink software, the performance of the battery charger is examined in various operating modes, such as fast charging and quick discharging.

Bağımsız Bir Hibrit Güç Sisteminin Tasarımı ve Akıllı MPPT Algoritmaları ile Optimizasyon Kontrolü

In this paper, a stand-alone hybrid power system has been proposed using both: photovoltaic generator (PVG) and permanent magnets synchronous generator (PMSG), integrated with a lithium-type battery connected to the DC bus. The improvement of performance and reliability of the overall system are guaranteed. For this aim, the efficiency of the PVG system can be enhanced firstly by using two MPPT's techniques, such as the Perturb and Observe (P&amp;amp;O) method and the Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) approach. The Genetic Algorithms (GA’s), using the principles of evolution, natural selection, and genetic mutation, are then introduced to address difficulties in the adjustment of the FLC gains. A lithium-ion battery model is presented to ensure stability and energy storage. Furthermore, the model of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on PMSG is presented. Hence, the control by the gradient method, allowing designing an MPPT based on the delivered power and mechanical speed of the generator. Both sources are connected to the grid via a two-level voltage source inverter controlled by Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique. Finally, simulation results obtained using MATLAB / SIMULINK software proved the effectiveness of proposed control strategies with high performance which is manifested clearly when the suggested controllers employed and shed light on the performance of the stand-alone hybrid system.

Mitigation of common mode voltage in ultra sparse matrix converters using auxiliary shoot‐through switches for wind energy systems

SummaryThis paper targets to minimize the peak common mode voltage (CMV) in ultra sparse matrix converters (USMC) by applying new zero vectors for the space vector modulation technique (SVM). Conventional zero vectors in the SVM raise the peak CMV by 42.23%. An increased magnitude of CMV is associated with the occurrence of leakage current, hence resulting in insulation degradation. So, the reduction of peak CMV is necessary for USMC. The proposed method offers suitable switching arrangements using auxiliary shoot through (AST) switches to minimize the peak‐to‐peak CMV. This proposed method holds the advantages of the conventional method, like a wide range of modulation index and zero current switching at the rectifier side, and also reduces the CMV problem. This paper also provides a comparative analysis of the existing reported methods and the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through both simulation and experimental results.

Cascaded H–Bridge Multilevel Inverter: Review of Topologies and Pulse Width Modulation

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become more popular for medium-voltage and high-power applications. The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) is one of the three most popular topologies of MLIs. It was more reliable due to its fewer components per level. The number of possible output voltage levels is more than twice the number of DC sources, the most suitable topology for integration with renewable energy sources, easy to design, and has good performance with modularity. The main disadvantage of CHBMLI is the need for separate DC sources for each H-bridge. However, this can be considered as an advantage to be employed in renewable energy applications. This paper provides a review of CHBMLI topologies and pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, including fundamental and high switching frequency techniques, such as selective harmonic elimination (SHE), space vector modulation (SVM), nearest level modulation (NLM), and Carrier-Based PWM.

Advanced Management of Electric Vehicle Charging Conditions Utilizing a Photovoltaic-Based Multi-Mode Converter System

The surging popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation has heightened the need for conveniently situated charging stations, since EVs have limited range on their internal batteries. Fast charging stations, especially super-fast charging stations, may strain the power infrastructure owing to the risk of overload during peak hours, sudden power interruptions, and voltage drops. This work examines the detailed modeling of a direct current (DC) power generation and battery energy storage system integrated into a multiport converter-based electric vehicle (EV) charging station. This project assesses the feasibility of utilizing Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in Vehicle to Home (V2H) scenarios as a means of residential battery storage or backup generator during power outages or distribution system faults, which are typically of shorter duration. Both the simulated and experimental results validate the feasibility of PCMM and demonstrate its capacity to accomplish the design objective. The charger has been designed and its operation validated using a space vector modulation technique and a simulation analysis. The simulation findings indicate that the proposed charger and a compatible autonomous EMS would interact well in a typical residential setting.

The Equivalent Relationship Between Space Vector Modulation and Carrier Modulation of Parallel NPC-3L Inverters

The Equivalent Relationship Between Space Vector Modulation and Carrier Modulation of Parallel NPC-3L Inverters

A Novel Virtual Space Vector Modulation With Optimized Neutral-Point Voltage Control Capability for Ten-Switch Three-Phase Three-Level Inverter

Ten-switch three-phase three-level inverter (TP-TLI) is receiving more attentions owing to the reduced system cost compared to traditional TP-TLIs. However, it still faces serious neutral-point voltage (NPV) balance problem. This article proposes a novel virtual space vector modulation (NVSVM) with optimized neutral-point voltage control (NPVC) capability. A set of virtual vectors are selected to generate zero NP current. By analyzing the vector synthesis principle over the full modulation areas, a new control degree, which is utilized to optimize the NPVC capability and reduce line voltage THD, is introduced. Besides, a dead time compensation method based on volt-second balance is also given to reduce the switching loss. The NVSVM not only improves the NPVC capability without dc offset and obvious ac oscillations in NPV under full range of modulation index and power factor (PF) conditions, but also reduces line voltage THD and the switching loss. Theoretical analysis shows that the available NP current for the proposed NVSVM is about 2.75 times greater at most than that for traditional VSVM. Simulation and experimental results are given to validate the effectiveness of the NVSVM and control strategies.

A Novel Common-Mode Voltage Suppression Strategy for Current Source Converter

The problem of common-mode voltage (CMV) in current source converter (CSC) has been concerned with the development and application of CSC, such as in the transformerless motor drive system. Using a common-mode choke is a popular solution to suppressing CMV. The high-frequency harmonics of the CMV can be eliminated by the common-mode filter. However, the low-order harmonics cannot be eliminated effectively, especially at low modulation index, which may cause common-mode resonance and increase the size of the choke. In this paper, a novel virtual space vector modulation (VSVM) method is proposed, which constructs virtual space vectors by the original vectors. The average value of the CMV produced by each virtual vector is zero. The proposed method can reduce the amplitude and third-order harmonic component of the CMV. In addition, the number of switching transitions in a switching sequence of the proposed method is the same as the conventional 5-segment SVM. The suppression effects of different methods on the low-order harmonics of CMV are compared through simulation and experiments, and the effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified.

Enhanced deadbeat predictive current control with novel generalized space vector modulation for five‐level inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with reduced torque ripples and less computational burden

SummaryTraditional electric drive control methodologies, such as field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque and flux control (DTFC), predominantly rely on multiple proportional‐integral (PI) controllers that demand complex tuning. While model predictive current control (MPCC) omits PI controllers, it has inherent challenges including high computational burden and tempered dynamics. Although two‐level inverters (2LI) are prevalent in many applications, their performance wanes in high‐power applications like high performance industrial drives and marine propulsions. Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are more efficient, but combined with space vector modulation (SVM), they add computational complexity, particularly at higher levels, limiting drive sampling frequencies and causing torque ripples and harmonics, affecting performance. To address the above drawbacks, this manuscript presents a deadbeat predictive current control of five‐level inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with a novel generalized SVM algorithm with reduced computational burden and improved performance. The proposed method is validated through MATLAB/Simulink‐based simulation study and experimental implementation. The results are presented and discussed. The results are compared with DTFC and MPCC where it is observed that the proposed method offers superior performance with reduced computational burden and streamlined implementation.

Photovoltaic Power Conversion System Based on Cascaded Inverters with Synchronized Space-Vector Modulation

The paper presents results of investigation of dual-inverter-bases power conversion system with synchronized pulsewidth modulation (PWM) for photovoltaic application. This system topology includes two insulated strings of photovoltaic panels, feeding two standard three-phase inverters, connected to grid by a three-phase transformer with the open winding configuration on primary side. Algorithms of synchronized PWM provide in this case continuous voltage synchronization both in each inverter and in the load. Simulations show a behavior of the systems with low switching frequency, with both continuous and discontinuous versions of synchronized PWM.

Robust Voltage Vector-Controlled Three-Phase SAPF-based BPMVF and SVM for Power Quality Improvement

The multiplication of nonlinear loads leads to significant degradation of the energy quality, thus the interconnection network is subject to being polluted by the generation of harmonic components and reactive power, which causes a weakening efficiency, especially for the power factor. In three-phase systems, they can cause imbalances by causing excessive currents at the neutral. This research treats the operation of robust voltage-oriented control (VOC) for a shunt active power filter (SAPF). The main benefit of this technique is to guarantee a decoupled control of the active and reactive input currents, as well as the input reference voltage. To sustain the DC voltage, a robust PI-structure-based antiwindup is inserted to ensure active power control. Besides, a robust phase-locked loop (PLL)-based bandpass multivariable filter (BPMVF) is used to improve the network voltage quality. Furthermore, a space vector modulation (SVM) is designed to replace the conventional one. A sinusoidal network current and unitary power factor are achieved with fewer harmonics. The harmonics have been reduced from 27.98% to 1.55% which respects the IEEE 519-1992 standard. Expanded simulation results obtained from the transient and steady-state have demonstrated the high performance of the suggested control scheme.

Bidirectional PWM Converter to Interface AC Part to DC Microgrid with Neutral Potential Balancing

This research presents a description of a bidirectional pulse width modulated converter that functions as a rectifier by using the direct power control strategy and space vector modulation technology. In contrast to the voltage-oriented control strategy, this method minimises the number of internal current loops and requires more tuning. While functioning as an inverter, it applies the space vector modulation technique as well. The approach, on the other hand, is not the same as rectifiers since it calculates the duty ratio of the neighbouring voltage vectors in each small triangle that is generated in each sector that has a period of 60 degrees. In both situations, the neutral point potential has been brought back into equilibrium.

Improved virtual space vector modulation for neutral point voltage oscillation and common-mode voltage reduction in neutral point clamped three-level inverter

Improved virtual space vector modulation for neutral point voltage oscillation and common-mode voltage reduction in neutral point clamped three-level inverter

Total harmonic distortion analysis of inverter fed induction motor drive using neuro fuzzy type-1 and neuro fuzzy type-2 controllers

Introduction. When the working point of the indirect vector control is constant, the conventional speed and current controllers operate effectively. The operating point, however, is always shifting. In a closed-system situation, the inverter measured reference voltages show higher harmonics. As a result, the provided pulse is uneven and contains more harmonics, which enables the inverter to create an output voltage that is higher. Aim. A space vector modulation (SVM) technique is presented in this paper for type-2 neuro fuzzy systems. The inverter’s performance is compared to that of a neuro fuzzy type-1 system, a neuro fuzzy type-2 system, and classical SVM using MATLAB simulation and experimental validation. Methodology. It trains the input-output data pattern using a hybrid-learning algorithm that combines back-propagation and least squares techniques. Input and output data for the proposed technique include information on the rotation angle and change of rotation angle as input and output of produced duty ratios. A neuro fuzzy-controlled induction motor drive’s dynamic and steady-state performance is compared to that of the conventional SVM when using neuro fuzzy type-2 SVM the induction motor, performance metrics for current, torque, and speed are compared to those of neuro fuzzy type-1 and conventional SVM. Practical value. The performance of an induction motor created by simulation results are examined using the experimental validation of a dSPACE DS-1104. For various switching frequencies, the total harmonic distortion of line-line voltage using neuro fuzzy type-2, neuro fuzzy type-1, and conventional based SVMs are provided. The 3 hp induction motor in the lab is taken into consideration in the experimental validations.

A robust PQ-controlled three-phase SAPF-based SVM and PI anti-windup for power quality improvement

The use of power electronics devices in electrical energy conversion installations has significantly contributed to improving the performance and efficiency of these systems. On the other hand, static converters have contributed to the deterioration of the quality of current and voltage in distribution networks. These converters consume non-sinusoidal currents, and they behave like harmonic current generators. The power factor and overall system efficiency are weakened by these injected harmonics, reactive power, and other issues. Meanwhile, those loads’ harmonic difficulties must be resolved. The research presented in this paper particularly concerns the study of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) intended to compensate for the harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads and the compensation of reactive energy. The theory of PQ control is the subject of this research. A robust structure is proposed for that purpose. To sustain the DC-link voltage at the desired interval, a robust PI-regulator-based antiwindup is inserted to ensure active power control. Besides, space vector modulation (SVM) is designed to replace classical pulse width modulation (PWM). The principal benefits of this technique are that it supplies a unitary power factor and sinusoidal network current with no requirement for a PWM generator and fewer harmonics. A comparison between the conventional and the proposed control is established to demonstrate the superiority of the PQ-SVM scheme. The comparison mainly concerns the bus voltage as it is the responsible for the whole system stability Expanded simulation results obtained from the transient and steady-state have demonstrated high performance and have confirmed the robustness and effectiveness of the suggested method.

Comparative Analysis of Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) and Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) of Five-phase Induction Motors

Comparative Analysis of Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) and Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) of Five-phase Induction Motors

Predictive Control Scheme With Adaptive Overmodulation for a Five-Leg VSI Driving Dual PMSMs

A dual permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) system, driven by a five-leg voltage source inverter (VSI), is considered as a feasible option for low-cost and fault tolerance application. The traditional finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) schemes without modulator generate heavy computational burden and larger current ripple. In this article, an improved predictive control method with space vector modulation (SVM) scheme is proposed for independent control of dual-motor system. Firstly, the expected voltage vectors (VVs) of dual motors are obtained with deadbeat (DB) solution, which yields a faster dynamic response. Then, in order to reduce current ripple and eliminate candidate voltage vector traversal process, an improved modulator with adaptive overmodulation is adopted to synthesize the expected VVs. The presented SVM method solves the problem caused by the conflicting switching-states demands of common leg from dual PMSMs. Moreover, an extensive comparison is performed among the proposed control method, the existing model-based control methods, and the field-oriented control (FOC) method with proportional-integral (PI) controller. All methods are experimentally carried out in steady state and transient state. The test results indicate that the proposed control scheme with adaptive overmodulation can effectively reduce current ripple, improve voltage utilization, and preserve good dynamic performance.

Direct electromagnetic force control of linear induction motor with end effects using fuzzy controller

In this article is a present dynamic model of a linen induction motor with end effects, occurs when the electromagnetic system of the motor is open. Instead of the angular speed and electromagnetic torque as a rotation motor, in the linear induction motor we have linear speed and linear electromagnetic force, which are sufficiently influenced by the open electromagnetic system of the primary and secondary elements of the linear motor. The choice of an appropriate control system for a linear induction motor is of particular importance considering the use of this type of motor in manufacturing. There are different types of control schemes for standard rotary motors that have their own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a motor control scheme, we strive to achieve the following parameters, such as smoothness of regulation, ability to regulate in all four quadrants, accuracy of regulation, range of regulation and last but not least, simplicity of regulation. One such method that meets these criteria for rotary motors is the direct torque control method with space vector modulation. The control system of the linear induction motor proposed in this paper is based on this method, taking into account the open electromagnetic system and the occurrence of the end effects of the linear induction motor. Instead of the angular reference velocity as a rotary motor, in this case we have a linear reference velocity to the input, which is compared to the current linear velocity of the motor. The present paper also uses the vector modulation method by analogy with direct torque control with space vector modulation of the rotary motor. For the conversion of a linear velocity to a linear electromagnetic force, instead of a standard PI controller, it is using a fuzzy controller to convert a linear velocity to a reference electromagnetic force.