Space Vector Control Research Articles

Direct Torque Control Space Vector Modulation for Induction Motor Driven by Matrix Converter

This study proposes enhancing induction motor (IM) drive systems by developing a DTC-MC with SVPWM integration to reduce ripple. DTC-MC is effective for precise torque control in AC drives, offering high control accuracy by isolating stator flux and torque. The method excels in sensor-less speed control, maintaining unity input power factor at low speeds, and constant switching frequency for rapid torque adjustments. Combining DTC-MC with SVPWM improves simplicity, dynamic behavior, and torque response. The DTC-SVM approach further refines the torque response by correcting flux and torque discrepancies. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations validated the approach, showing a robust dynamic response and significantly reduced motor torque ripple and control of speed.

Model predictive direct torque algorithm for coordinated electrical grid operation of wind energy conversion system-based doubly fed induction generator

ABSTRACT In this paper, robust predictive control (RPC) based on direct torque control space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) of the doubly fed induction generator wind turbine system (DFIG-WTS) is investigated to improve energy capture effectiveness. A novel cost function is introduced for the predictive speed regulator where the aerodynamic torque is considered as an unknown perturbation. This technique is designed to improve dynamic performance such as reference tracking, disturbance rejection, and robustness to parameter variations. The use of the DTC-SVM technique enhances performance in terms of constant switching frequency and reduced torque-flux ripples. The simulation results using real-time MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed strategy, where very satisfactory performance has been achieved.

Drive Control Technology of Dual Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Propulsion Aircraft

Green aviation is one of the effective ways to cope with future oil energy shortages and improve the atmospheric environment. As the executing mechanism of electric propulsion aircraft, the fault tolerance and safety of the electric drive system are the primary considerations. This article uses dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) to drive propellers to provide power for electric propulsion aircraft. Firstly, the working principle of the propellers is analyzed, and a simulation model of the propellers is established using Simulink; Secondly, the space vector control method of dual three-phase PMSM is elaborated, and two different forms of space vector control are compared. At the same time, a vector control model of dual three-phase PMSM is established, and the third harmonic content of dual three-phase PMSM under two different space vectors is compared through simulation. Finally, establish a simulation model of dual three-phase PMSM driving propeller, compare the motor phase current and driving performance of different vector control methods, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different vector control methods.

DSP based space vector PWM control for solar electric vehicle

Solar Electric Vehicles (SEV) are considered the future vehicles to solve the issues of air pollution, global warming, and the rapid decreases of the petroleum resources facing the current transportation technology. However, SEV are still facing important technical obstacles to overcome. They include batteries energy storage capacity, charging times, efficiency of the solar panels and electrical propulsion systems. Solving any of those problems and electric vehicles will compete-complement the internal combustion engines vehicles. In the present work, we propose an electrical propulsion system based on three phase induction motor in order to obtain the desired speed and torque with less power loss. Because of the need to lightweight nature, small volume, low cost, less maintenance and high efficiency system, a three phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) is selected in the electrical propulsion system. The IM is fed from three phase inverter operated by a constant V/F control method and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on the texas instruments TM320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to generate SVPWM signal needed to trigger the gates of IGBT based inverter. The inverter used in this work is a three phase inverter IRAMY20UP60B type. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed control strategy to generate a three-phase sine wave signal with desired frequency. The proposed control strategy is experimented on a locally manufactured EV prototype. The results show that the EV prototype can be propelled to speed up to 60km/h under different road conditions.

Bidirectional PWM Converter to Interface AC Part to DC Microgrid with Neutral Potential Balancing

This research presents a description of a bidirectional pulse width modulated converter that functions as a rectifier by using the direct power control strategy and space vector modulation technology. In contrast to the voltage-oriented control strategy, this method minimises the number of internal current loops and requires more tuning. While functioning as an inverter, it applies the space vector modulation technique as well. The approach, on the other hand, is not the same as rectifiers since it calculates the duty ratio of the neighbouring voltage vectors in each small triangle that is generated in each sector that has a period of 60 degrees. In both situations, the neutral point potential has been brought back into equilibrium.

A Fuzzy-Based Proportional–Integral–Derivative with Space-Vector Control and Direct Thrust Control for a Linear Induction Motor

In this study, the analysis and control of a multi-phase linear induction motor loaded with a variable mechanical system are carried out. Mathematical models are established, and simulation results are analyzed for an improved proportional–integral–derivative controller with closed-loop vector control for PLIM. To make the PID controller more responsive to load thrust disturbances, a fuzzy PID load thrust observer was developed. The FPID is similarly based on space-vector modulation DTC technology to regulate the PLIM’s speed, flux, and thrust. The FPID output is used to calculate the reference thrust force, which is compared to the actual thrust value to calculate the second error. To maintain the linear speed of the PLIM at the specified reference values and at different load values, the FPID controller settings are adjusted. Four indicators were used to compare the capabilities of the FPID controller with those of the conventional PID controller in order to evaluate the performance of PLIM in both cases. These indices represent the individual SSE for each operational phase and the total SSE for the entire loading period. According to the simulation results, the FPID works better than a regular PID when used to adjust the operation of DTC-SVM to drive a PLIM to improve the overall system performance. The simulation results using MATLAB Simulink for a PLIM-drive system show that the proposed FPID control provides improved control behavior and operating performance with fast and accurate speed tracking.

New Steady State Current Error Limiters for PMSM Drives

In permanent magnet synchronous motor drives, d-q current errors are examined using hysteresis controllers. The inverter is switched based on the hysteresis controller responses, to limit current errors, and thereby reducing current ripple. But, due to the faster current dynamic characteristics, switching the current errors within the hysteresis band becomes difficult. This results in d-q current ripples and harmonics. In this paper, two current error-limiting schemes are proposed. In the first scheme, current errors are switched within the band using additional control parameters (dynamic response of q-axis current), to select the control space vector from a switching table. Whereas in the second scheme, a duty ratio regulator is designed to achieve minimum q-axis current error. The proposed works are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and verified through experimentation. Since the current ripple and harmonics are also reduced, the thermal impact of these performance pa-rameters on the power inverter is also studied.

Field oriented controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive for an electric vehicle

<span lang="EN-US">The paper describes field oriented control strategy with space vector pulse width modulation technique of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system for an electric vehicle. At first, mathematical models of the motor and the drive system for electric vehicle are presented. In order to obtain high performance drive and maximum motor torque, field oriented control strategy and space vector pulse width modulation technique method are applied to drive system in next section. Speed controller design utilizing the popular zero-pole elimination approach causes large integral constant time in case of small rotational damping constant. The desired-transient-response-based approach is employed to overcome the problem. Performance indices include overshoot, undershoot, steady-state speed error, and total harmonic distortion of stator current, are employed to assess the drive systems with two speed controller design methods. Theoretical assumptions are confirmed via simulations and criteria in MATLAB/Simulink environment.</span>

A novel dual power-driven electric power steering system for electric commercial vehicles

To solve the power limitation problem faced by the development of EPS system for commercial vehicles and achieve the high-performance steering, this article presents a novel dual power-driven electric power steering system (DPEPS) for commercial vehicles by using the open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OPMSM) fed by dual inverter with high and low DC voltage supplies. First, the two-level control strategy is introduced for the developed DPEPS system, where the upper control is designed to make the actual steering follow the expected steering performance as determined by the assistant torque curve and to generate the appropriate target current according to the vehicle speed and steering torque. And then the lower control consists of the synthetical space vector control scheme and dual PI control loop is used to execute commands from the upper control, which can make the motor execute the appropriate power supply method according to the steering torque and assist current. Finally, a co-simulation model is carried out for an electric bus, and based on which the proposed DPEPS system is validated.

Efficiency analysis of six‐phase induction motor drive using an optimizedSVMtechnique for medium/high power applications

AbstractThe proposed work presents the efficiency evaluation of a six‐phase induction motor drive (SPIMD) using an optimized space‐vector modulation (SVM) scheme for medium/high power applications. An optimized SVM is obtained by resolving 5‐level hexagons into outer and inner 2‐level hexagons. In the proposed work, dual three‐phase inverters are used to drive the SPIMD, by dividing six‐phase into two, greatly reducing the calculation time, complexity, and efforts required in building the space vector control algorithm. Moreover, a comparative efficiency analysis of SPIMD using the proposed and conventionally designed SVM technique implemented with closed‐loop control is presented in this paper. Matlab/Simulink platform is used to simulate the proposed system and a prototype is developed as a proof of concept and tested experimentally to verify the analytical developments. Finally, a total harmonic distortion (THD) based comparative analysis of the proposed, conventional, and carrier‐based modulation techniques is also presented.

Analysis and Approximation of THD and Torque Ripple of Induction Motor for SVPWM Control of VSI

This article presents a harmonic analysis of the stator currents of a squirrel-cage induction motor fed by a voltage source inverter with PWM space vector control (SVPWM). The influence of PWM switching frequency and dead time (dead band) of controlled transistors on THD and electromagnetic torque ripple is shown. The aim is to determine the lowest switching frequency of the transistors for which the drive will operate correctly. Characteristics were determined as functions in the form of THD (fPWM), where the least square approximation was used for stator current measurements when the PWM switching frequency was changed. The approximations were realized for simulation and experimental results. To clarify the results, the operation of hardware PWM circuits in microcontrollers is analyzed.

PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR TORQUE RIPPLE REDUCTION USING PREDICTIVE TORQUE CONTROL

The control of (PMSM) is the subject of this study and the torque ripple reduction in (PMSM) is the main goal of this work. Torque and flux are controlled using a predictive model and Vector Control. Because it is commonly employed in regulating electric motors. Space vector control and predictive control are two (PMSM) control approaches used in this study. Predictive control was determined to be more effective in terms of response and action after a Matlab simulation of the two approaches. MPC covers all potential switching states that decrease actual torque and flux ripples as well as Total Harmonic Distortion. The benefits of MPC include simple principles, an easy-to-use console, and the ability to implement limits quickly. However, there are some drawbacks to this technique, including the requirement for bigger accounts and faster machines. The fundamental principles of the control techniques discussed are provided A (PMSM) powered by a two-level power converter is then used to simulate the control approaches. Their performance in comparison is based on the obtained results.

Analysis and Design of an Integrated Bidirectional Three-Phase AC–DC Resonant Converter

This paper proposes a novel isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter where the front end and primary side of DC-DC isolated converter are merged giving rise to 25&#x0025; fewer devices. Owing to the integrated topology the devices of the proposed converter are naturally soft switched and the size of the filtering components in the AC-DC stage is reduced compared to a low frequency hard switched AC-DC stage. A Space Vector Modulation (SVM) and control technique is proposed for generating switching pulses for DC link voltage control and bidirectional power transfer. A design optimization technique is proposed to mathematically determine the switching frequency of the converter and subsequently, the resonant tank parameters based on the operating conditions, topology, modulation, and the Wide Band Gap (WBG) Silicon Carbide (SiC) device characteristics. The proposed converter and its design approach are validated through prototyping for a scaled-down bidirectional charger for warehouse Electric Vehicles (EVs), and experimental results from two test cases, one with the actual grid with an input ac line (<i>i.e.,</i> 208&#x00A0;V) voltage and second with an AC power supply of input line (<i>i.e.,</i> 400&#x00A0;V) voltage. The former is tested for a peak power rating of 2.5&#x00A0;kW and the later is tested for a 5&#x00A0;kW output power. The switching frequency from the proposed optimization method is determined to be around 130&#x00A0;kHz for both cases. Peak efficiency of 95.3&#x0025; is achieved. The battery voltage varies from 350-600&#x00A0;V.

Sideband Vibration Suppression of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles Under Multiple Operating Conditions

Low-frequency mechanical forces, electromagnetic forces of the medium frequency band, and high-frequency switching frequency current harmonics are three main sources of vibration for electric vehicle (EV) motors under multiple operating conditions (MOCs). These high-frequency vibration sources with large amplitudes are mainly concentrated around the switching frequency and its integral multiples (sideband vibration). The theoretical expression and frequency characteristics for the high-frequency electromagnetic force that produces sideband vibrations were presented in this article, and a new parameter <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\bar {x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (the current harmonic amplitude average value) was designed to represent the harmonic level of the current supplied by the inverter in the sideband vibration band. Finite element simulations based on Simplorer-Maxwell-Vibration Harmonic Response and experiments under MOC verified the above theoretically derived characteristic-frequency band of high-frequency electromagnetic forces that generate sideband vibrations. To reduce sideband vibration, an optimized scheme combining active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and random frequency space vector pulsewidth modulation (RFSVPWM) was proposed to further reduce the parameter <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\bar {x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and sideband vibration compared to traditional PI, ADRC, and PI-RFSVPWM. Finally, the feasibility of this scheme for depression sideband vibration was verified by simulations under MOC.

An FPGA Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for Comprehensive Analysis and Development of Grid-Connected VSI System

Power electronic converters are used for an efficient and controlled conversion of power generated from renewable energy sources and can interface generated power to the grid. Among available power converters, voltage source inverters (VSIs) have been widely employed for grid-connected applications due to better controllability with higher efficiency. Although various conventional, as well as modern control techniques, have been developed for grid connected VSI system, there is a need to select suitable control technique based on application and control requirements. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) is considered as a realistic approach for the development of system and control due to the inclusion of an actual hardware system. In this paper, a HIL approach is adopted for the comprehensive analysis and development of a grid connected VSI system using a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The control techniques must deal with trade-off, based on the features and limitations. Therefore, a grid-connected VSI system is developed considering employment of two different conventional control techniques: hysteresis current control (HCC) and PI-based space vector modulation (PI-SVM), as well as finite state model predictive control (FS-MPC) as a modern control technique for investigation considering different parameters. All three control systems are developed through a digital simulator of Xilinx that is integrated with MATLAB-Simulink, while considering an FPGA based system development and testing through FPGA HIL co-simulation methodology.

Research on AC Electronic Load with Energy Recovery Based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control

Nowadays, AC electronic loads with energy recovery are widely used in the testing of uninterruptible power supplies and power supply equipment. To tackle the problems of control difficulty, strategy complexity, and poor dynamic performance of AC electronic load with energy recovery of the conventional control strategy, a control strategy of AC electronic load with energy recovery based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) is developed. To further reduce the computation burden of the FCS-MPC, a simplified FCS-MPC with transforming the predicted variables and using sector to select expected state is proposed. Through simplified model and equivalent approximation analysis, the transfer function of the system is obtained, and the stability and robustness of the system are analyzed. The performance of the simplified FCS-MPC is compared with space vector control (SVPWM) and conventional FCS-MPC. The results show that the FCS-MPC method performs better dynamic response and this advantage is more obvious when simulating high power loads. The simplified FCS-MPC shows similar control performance to conventional FCS-MPC at less computation burden. The control performance of the system also shows better simulation results.

Using Feedback Control to Control Rotor Flux and Torque of the DFIG-Based Wind Power System

Direct torque control (DТС) is a method of controlling electrical machines that are widely used, and this is due to its simplicity and ease of use. However, this method has several issues, such as torque, rotor flux, and current fluctuations. To overcome these shortcomings and improve the characteristics and robustness of the DTC strategy of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), a new DTC scheme based on the feedback control method (FCM) and space vector modulation (SVM) is proposed. In the proposed DTC technique, a proportional-integral controller based on feedback control theory is used to control and regulate the torque and rotor flux of the DFIG. On the other hand, the SVM technique is used to control the rotor side converter (RSC) to obtain a high-quality current. The simulation result shows that the proposed DTC technique has the advantages of faster dynamics and reduced harmonic distortion of current compared to the ‎conventional technique.‎

Current harmonic reduction for grid-connected photovoltaic system (PV) based on improved control of three-phase seven-level PUC inverter

In this article, we have improved the control for three-phase of packed U-Cell seven-level inverter, the latter considered as a new multilevel converter topology and has the advantage of very high energy efficiency, and the number of components reduced but has disadvantages related to the harmonics injected into the grid causing switching states if the number of levels increased. In this paper, an improved control based on the sinusoidal control (SPWM), and space vector control (SVPWM) has been proposed for the seven-level packed PUC-Cell inverter. The Proportional resonant (PR) controllers are implemented to adjust the grid currents in the synchronous DQ frame and to maintain synchronism between the inverter and the grid, a Phase-locked loop technique (PLL) can be used. This control is composed of two regulation loops the first allows for regulation of the active and reactive currents delivered to the grid and the second regulates the DC voltage. The evaluation of our results obtained is based on the value of the total harmonic distortion obtained (THD ≪ 5 % of the international standard). This control strategy eliminates current harmonics, improves the quality of power delivered into the grid from the photovoltaic system. An analysis and comparison between this seven-level PUC-cell inverter structure, and the conventional seven-level cascade inverter structure is done, and the simulation results in Matlab/Simulink demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method.

Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of Indirect Space Vector Control of Electric Vehicle Driven by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Fuzzy Controller

Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of Indirect Space Vector Control of Electric Vehicle Driven by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Fuzzy Controller

Indirect Space Vector Modeling of Asynchronous Motor for High-Speed Electric Vehicle Propulsion

This paper presents a high performance squirrel-cage asynchronous motor (ASM) drive, proposed for high-speed electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. This is an indirect space vector control (IDSVC) scheme in the rotor flux frame of reference, in which the modeling is based on synchronously rotating coordinate system transformation. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter fetches the controlled stator direct and quadrature axis responses from the speed and current controllers and supply necessary voltages to stator of ASM. The output voltage waveforms of SVPWM inverter are not sinusoidal in nature, which allows undesired harmonics at high frequency of operation. This due to inconsistent switching frequency. A second-order low-pass (SOLP) RLC filter with Butterworth approximation and was designed and connected in series with SVPWM inverter to grab harmonic free speed and torque profile during high speed operations. Similarly, another SOLP with a quality factor equal to 2 is designed and speed profiles of both filters are compared. The system is developed and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK to observe the speed and torque tracking capabilities. Simulation results show that the performance of drive under steady and dynamic states were good with Butterworth filter approximation with robust IDSVC scheme adopted over wide range speed-drive curve.