Space Resources Research Articles

PISCINE BIODIVERSITY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STUBBS CREEK, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA RECEIVING OIL SPILL EFFLUENTS

A parsimonious survey of the fish biodiversity of the Stubbs Creek, a coastal freshwater/ blackwater stream in the Niger Delta, Nigeria was conducted. The all Teleostei fishes comprised a high taxonomic heterogeneity with 32 species, 24 genera and 17 families. They were organized in three eco physiological assemblages (the primary freshwater, secondary freshwater and peripheral Assemblages) and four mesohabitat assemblages (benthic, benthopelagic, pelagic and epipelagic assemblages). Approximately 84.4% of the fish species were found to be equipped with a variety of biophysical life enhancement devices which enable them to optimally exploit the available resources of the habitat space. The Stubbs Creek has the potential of producing about 27.2 tonnes km-2 year-1 of fish flesh for human consumption, barring the impacts of oil spill effluents from a major oil producing company within the Stream basin/catchment area. Elevated levels of Hydrocarbon (PAHs) and heavy Metals, far above WHO recommended levels were observed in this study. It is figured that the results of this study qualify the Stubbs Creek to be considered as ‘Stream of Special Scientific Interest‘ (SSSI) for management and conservation purposes

The method of protecting information resources based on the semiotic model of cyberspace

The subject of research in the article is the processes of ensuring the protection of information resources in the cyber-physical space. The goal is to develop a model for implementing a method of information protection in cyber-physical space. The development is based on a semiotic model of cyberspace. The task is to develop effective strategies for protecting information resources and managing cyber security in cyberspace, taking into account social and perceptual aspects. Used methods: methods of analytical modeling and fuzzy logic. The following results were obtained. It is shown that the complex, multifaceted presentation of information in the network requires a complex approach with the separation of mixed content of information into interconnected levels. A semiotic approach is proposed, which allows for a more in-depth analysis of the interaction between people and technologies, which is especially important for understanding and managing complex information security systems. A six-level model of cyberspace was developed with a method of assessing the level of security for each of the levels of the developed model, and an integral indicator of potential threats to the owners of network information resources was proposed. The developed model was verified. The developed semiotic model of cyberspace and the integrated indicator of potential threats make it possible to improve the monitoring and management of cyber security of the owners of network information resources by taking into account various factors, including taking into account social and perceptual aspects, which is a key factor for the development of effective strategies for the protection of information resources in cyberspace.

Hyperparameters optimization for the machine learning

There is no single best Hyperparameter Optimization algorithm. Different optimization algorithms meet different Hyperparameter Optimization tasks with different constraints. To accelerate the Hyperparameter Optimization, it is necessary to parallelize training executions of various tests, introduce distributed training and prematurely stop unpromising tests. It is recommended to use a library approach to support the hyperparameter optimization service. Ray Tune is the best by far among the open source Hyperparameter Optimization. Hyperparameter optimisation (HPO) is the process of identifying a set of hyperparameters that yields an optimal model. By optimal, we mean the model that minimises a predefined loss function on a given data set. This is a repeated model training process, except that the neural network is trained with a different set of hyperparameters each time. In this process, the optimal set of hyperparameters will be identified. During the grid search, users specify a limited set of values for each hyperparameter and then select trial hyperparameters from the Cartesian product of these values. Once the grid is constructed, the GPGs are tested with the grid values. The grid search suffers when the number of hyperparameters becomes larger or the parameter search space becomes larger, as in this case the required number of estimates will grow exponentially. Another problem with grid search is its inefficiency. Since grid search treats each set of hyperparameter candidates equally, it will spend a lot of computational resources in the suboptimal configuration space without spending enough computational power on the optimal space.

Impact of climate change on surface water resources in arid zones - the case of the Ykem watershed in the central plateau of Morocco

Given the importance of natural resources for integrated development, it is necessary to adopt adaptation strategies to face disturbances affecting the globe. Particularly, climate change, with a particular impact on water potential. The aim of this article is to highlight the impact of this world phenomenon on surface water resources in the Ykem watershed situated in the northwest of the central Moroccan plateau, which is characterized by predominantly arid conditions. In order to monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of surface water, a methodology based on geospatialization techniques was used. This involved mapping the evolution of surface water resources in time and space, providing a variation between reference years, specifically 2012–2021, from 132 ha to 32 ha, and of course interpreting the results by climate elements based on rainfall in the study area and temperature readings in this geographic location. Remote sensing was employed to acquire satellite images available between 1992 and 2021. The area covered by water rose from 10 ha to 126 ha between 1992 and 2012, but the amount of land covered by water shrank to 32 ha between 2012 and 2021.

Malacacheta indigenous land: occupation of space and use of water resources

O crescimento populacional verificado em terras indígenas acarreta uma reorganização do espaço. No caso da Terra Indígena Malacacheta, localizada na etnorregião Serra da Lua, no município do Cantá, Roraima, o crescimento populacional das comunidades Malacacheta e Jacaminzinho gerou a criação de novos bairros, com ocupação de espaços alternativos. Uma das consequências é o aumento do uso da água com reflexos negativos, tanto na quantidade quanto na qualidade. Diante desta realidade, o estudo buscou compreender como se deu a ampliação do espaço ocupado pelos moradores e sua relação com a bacia hidrográfica do igarapé do Cavalo, afluente do rio Quitauaú. Com o uso de dados secundários, observação e entrevistas, foi possível perceber que, com o surgimento desses novos bairros, a tendência é a ocupação do espaço no entorno dos mananciais, o que afeta os recursos hídricos com lixo e queimadas, com consequências para próximas gerações. Por não haver a sensibilização dos moradores para com recursos hídricos e sua importância, tanto na quantidade quanto na qualidade, a situação de degradação permanece e tende a aumentar.

Geological Storage Conditions and Potential Analysis of Carbon Dioxide in the High-steep Fold Belt in Eastern Sichuan Basin

Carbon sequestration refers to the technology of capturing carbon and storing it safely instead of directly discharging CO2 into the atmosphere. Rock salt is a promising CO2 reservoir, and the underground rock salt structure formed by salt cavern reservoirs in geological history has a natural sealing function. Storing carbon dioxide in salt caves can ensure that carbon dioxide is stably stored underground for a long time. However, at present, there are few studies on carbon sequestration in abandoned salt caves. This study analyses the characteristics of carbonate-evaporite strata in the high fold zone of eastern Sichuan and qualitatively evaluates Triassic carbonate-evaporite layers formed in the depth range of 800-3000 m in various sedimentary basins in Chongqing. A large set of carbonates-evaporites are developed in Chongqing, and the carbonate rocks near evaporites have low porosity and permeability, which can be used as CO2 storage caprock in salt cavities. Thick evaporated strata can also provide a good cover for CO2 storage in abandoned salt caves, which has great potential space resources.

Legal Regulation of Commercial Exploitation of Outer Space Resources and China’s Countermeasures

Legal Regulation of Commercial Exploitation of Outer Space Resources and China’s Countermeasures

Impact of Hydrogeological Characteristics on the Development of Underground Space Resources in Valley Cities

The development of urban underground space is a crucial aspect of current urban development. However, various factors pose challenges during the development process. In particular, in the valley cities of western China, groundwater has a significant impact on the utilization of underground space. This study focuses on understanding the influence of hydrogeological characteristics on the development of underground space in Ledu District, Haidong. Firstly, the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer in the study area are analyzed to determine the recharge and discharge characteristics. The dynamic changes in the groundwater table over time are then examined. Subsequently, the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater are investigated to expound on the influence mechanism of groundwater on the development of underground space resources in Ledu District. The study reveals that the hydrodynamic effect of groundwater in the study area is substantial and has a significant physical scouring effect on underground structures. The fluctuation of groundwater levels affects the stability of buildings by increasing groundwater buoyancy. Additionally, this fluctuation also leads to engineering and environmental problems such as differential settlement and land salinization. The chemical characteristics of groundwater primarily impact the stability of building foundations through the corrosive effects of groundwater composition. This research clarifies the influence mechanism of groundwater on the development of underground space in typical valley cities of western China. The findings have practical significance for the evaluation, planning, development, and utilization of urban underground space resources in Haidong.

Relationship between urban green space and mental health in older adults: mediating role of relative deprivation, physical activity, and social trust.

The importance of improving older adults' mental health is increasing worldwide with the rapid development of the aging process. Green space is an important part of the urban built environment, demonstrates a deep connection with the mental health of older adults, and its internal mechanisms have been widely studied. This study analyzed the influence of urban green spaces on the mental health of older adults via three factors: relative deprivation, physical activity, and social trust. Based on the 2018 China Labor Dynamics Survey, a multi-level structural equation model was used to explore the mediating roles of relative deprivation, physical activity, social trust in urban green spaces, and the mental health of older adults. Urban green space was positively correlated with the mental health of older adults. Relative deprivation and physical activities played a mediating role between urban green space and the mental health of older adults. An increase in urban green spaces can help increase the number of older adults obtaining green space resources, and help them maintain good mental health. Secondly, older adults with a relatively homogeneous environment have more equal opportunities to obtain urban green space resources, which helps to reduce the comparison of older adults in access to green space resources and reduce the adverse impact of relative deprivation on their mental health. Additionally, increasing urban green spaces can encourage older adults to engage in physical activities and improve their mental health. Finally, we suggest improving the accessibility, fairness, and quality of green spaces, paying attention to the psychological needs of older adults, encouraging older adults to engage in physical activities in green spaces, and taking various measures to enhance the positive role of green space on the mental health of older adults.

A Random Path Sampling-Based Method for Motion Planning in Many Dimensions

In this paper, we present GRPMP (Gaussian Random Paths Motion Planner), a method for solving robot motion planning problems. Compared with traditional sampling-based methods which build large-scale random trees or roadmaps by sampling random nodes in configuration-spaces, GRPMP generates a set of smooth random paths discretized into sparse nodes, using a random path sampler based on Gaussian process, to reduce resource space occupation and improve planning success rate. Employing the high-quality path selecting strategy with the lazy collision checking technique, GRPMP can fast select the collision-free high-quality path that has the lowest cost in the set of smooth random paths, so as to improve the efficiency and quality of the motion planning. We present challenging experiments with GRPMP on pick-and-place tasks, using a humanoid robot, to show that GRPMP has the ability to find high-quality paths with efficiency and stability.

An Evaluation of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in Outer Space Activities

Plans for settlement on the moon and Mars, as well as satellite launches and space missions, are examples of the fast growing field of outer space operations. Establishing precise intellectual property rights frameworks has become essential as both public and commercial entities increase their investments in space technologies. Regarding jurisdictional authority, legislative authority, and the enforceability of intellectual property rights for technologies developed in space or utilized in extraterrestrial conditions, there are uncertainties. In the context of space operations, this article conducts a critical study of present international laws, treaties, and policy discussions on intellectual property protection. It investigates trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, patents, and industrial designs related to space technology, operations carried out in celestial bodies, and spacecraft launched from Earth. Analyzed are the gaps and restrictions provided by current legislation, particularly Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty, which prohibits the appropriation of space. It is also assessed how well-suited the existing organizations are to manage this field, including the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and international space law conventions. A review of recent US laws pertaining to "space resources" and case law is presented to emphasize the necessity of an international regulatory framework for intellectual property rights in space innovation, exploration, and business. A sui generis framework is necessary because of the worldwide cooperation needed in space stations and habitats and the lack of prior experience implementing territorial intellectual property rights in extraterrestrial environments. The key components of such a customized regime that are discussed in this article are the necessity for disclosure requirements for space innovations, subject matter jurisdiction, international agreements on ownership doctrines, and technological use, particularly the establishment of priority claims over space resources

Blockchain and fintech technologies in the digital space of financial and industrial companies

The relevance of the article lies in examining the functional relationship between blockchain and fintech technologies in the innovative digital space of financial and industrial companies. The research aims to investigate the directions for the development of large integrated systems of financial and industrial capital, based on the principles of intensive production. The research methodology included the following methods: analytical (literature review, quantitative analysis), methods of comparison, generalization, and systematization. In particular, quantitative analysis was applied to calculate the index of digital cyber protection, which serves as an indicator and summarizes the safe properties of information resources in the digital space of banking institutions and their ability to prevent cyber-attacks on the financial and industrial capital of subjects in united spheres of economic activity. The results of the research have shown that the optimal criteria for the index of digital cyber protection are financially linked to industrial capital. The article substantiates the macroprudential policy of Ukraine’s banking sector based on blockchain regulators and fintech technologies from the EU, which foster the intensive development of technological competitiveness among financial institutions. The article can be useful for financial and industrial executives, banking institutions, consulting firms, and educators seeking insights into the integration of blockchain and fintech technologies.

Regulatory Recognition of Commercial Space Flights

The author of the research article raises current legal issues regarding the regulatory challenges associated with the commercialization of outer space, with a particular focus on space tourism. The study aims to solve the legal dilemma of the lack of a legal framework that would define commercial spaceflight because this problem creates ambiguity in the understanding of the phenomenon of space tourism and raises concerns about the regulatory way of space exploration by private companies. The methods of analysis consist of the benefit of theoretical aspects of international space law for the designation of a mutual understanding between commercial interests and the principles of space exploration. The obtained results of the study lead to the conclusion that the main factor that inhibits the implementation of proper legal regulation of commercial space activity is uncertainty in the application of one or another law to regulate flights with space tourists, which, in the opinion of the author, should be eliminated employing regulatory direction on the proper legal regime, a clear definition of the boundary between outer space and air space, the weight of the norms of international law as opposed to the applications of states regarding the expediency of the norms of national law. The author's solution is the initiative for the governance of the unsettling areas through contractual arrangements. This idea is due to the results of the study about the predictability of the potential loss of relevance of international space law for the regulation of commercial space flights, therefore the auxiliary role of contract law is delivered. For its implementation, the author emphasizes the prospect of maintaining a regulatory course on (i) management of property rights, (ii) management of space resources in the direction of prohibition of appropriation and commercial colonization of celestial bodies; (iii) provisions for liability in the event of flight anomalies, safe rescue accidents, and the return of space tourists.

A secured energy aware resource allocation and task scheduling based on improved cuckoo search algorithm and deep reinforcement learning for e-healthcare applications

Healthcare industries have begun using modern technologies and tools like cloud computing these days. When cloud computing and assisted technologies are used in the healthcare domain the storage cost improves along with the quality and time availability. The present work makes use of cryptography based architecture for improving the overall security aspects. However, the tasks of the user take a longer duration for the execution to complete when the needed resources are unavailable on the main server. ICSA (Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm) with DRL (Deep Reinforcement Learning) to solve this issue. The main goal of this work is to increase overall security and reduce execution times of jobs. The objective also includes using underutilized resources. Scheduling jobs, Binary In-order Traversal Trees with weights are used. Subsequently, DRL algorithm has been used to decrease the space complexity by splitting the individual resources. There will be idle resources in a state space that are used in allocation of tasks. The scheduled tasks will then do a search on the resources based on the ICSA algorithm. The server will then distribute the resources to the action area after an optimal resource has been chosen and assigned to the job. DRL for resource allocation so that the inactive resource usage is minimized and the execution time is reduced. Finally, MTAC-IBEA (multi tenant authentication control with improved blowfish encryption algorithm) for decrypt health data. The outcomes of simulation demonstrate that the suggested method offers optimum work schedules, resource allocations, and security in e-healthcare systems.

Mobility and raw material procurement by Fishtail people in Uruguay: Evaluation of silcrete long distance transport between campsites and outcrops during the late Pleistocene (ca. 12,900–12,250 cal BP)

Lithic artifacts from late Pleistocene manufactured in silcrete are used to understand Fishtail behaviors linked to mobility, land use and raw material acquisition during early prehistory in Uruguay. The data analyzed here include three categories of silcrete evidence: (1) a database of Fishtail points, (2) regional outcrops of these lithic resource, (3) debitage and unifacial tools from campsites. We calculated the cumulative cost of movement between campsites and the nearest lithic resources in space, located within the silcrete area, the distances involved in such movements, and the possible connection routes between campsites and silcrete resources. We analyzed the raw materials, density and spatial distribution of Fishtail points, and generated a Predictive Model of Transit Pathways. The results obtained indicate that silcretes were transported over long distances in mobility networks by an extensive Paleoamerican social landscape from outcrops located in the western and southwestern to campsites in northwestern Uruguay at distances ranging between ∼ 179 and 482 km. This new data confirms long distance displacements, the high social value, and the preference of this lithic resource for the production of tool assemblages by the Fishtail peoples of Uruguay.

Exploring the spatial configuration of tourism resources through ecosystem services and ethnic minority villages

The rampant and unregulated development of natural landscapes has depleted vital environmental resources, degraded ecosystems, and diminished the allure of ecotourism. Identifying natural spaces suitable for tourism development using a holistic approach that evaluates surrounding ecosystem structure and function is therefore imperative to safeguarding ecological integrity and fostering sustainable economic progress. Leveraging the InVEST model and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), we assessed the spatial distribution of natural landscape resources and the density of ethnic minority villages to identify potential areas suitable for ecotourism development within the fragile Karst Region of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (QMDA), southeastern Guizhou Province, China. Results showed that habitat quality in QMDA was relatively high, with high-quality habitat (Class V) covering 19,554.76 km2, accounting for 65% of the total study area. Optimal natural landscape resources gravitated predominantly towards Liping and Rongjiang, collectively occupying 16% and 12% of the total optimal natural landscape resources, respectively. A total of 3439.95 km2 of potential natural resource development space was identified, with a discernible spatial distribution where the western region of the study area surpassed the eastern counterpart, and the southern region exceeded the northern expanse. The potential development space of tourism resources spanned a cumulative area of 1245.84 km2, located predominately in Kaili, and Danzhai, accounting for 26% and 16% of the total potential development space of tourism resources, respectively. To ensure sustainable use of ecological and cultural assets in QMDA, it is recommended that zoning and regulatory measures that encompass both ecological and touristic domains be enacted. Our findings contribute to a scientific foundation for the pursuits of ecological preservation and the administration of tourism planning for QMDA.

EXPLORING URBAN FUNCTIONAL ZONES BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE SEMANTIC KNOWLEDGE AND CROSS MODAL NETWORK

Abstract. The refined identification of urban functional zones can provide important basic data and decision-making basis for the formulation of urban spatial development planning, effective relaxation of urban spatial development planning, effective relaxation of urban functions, and optimal allocation of resource space. The multi-source spatiotemporal data represented by multi-source geographic data, social perception data, and thematic data have been widely used in various fields, providing new data sources for the refined identification of urban functional areas. However, there are significant differences in the data generation sources, collection methods, and storage organization formats of multi-source data. In this paper, we propose a method for exploring urban functional zones based on Multi-source Semantic knowledge and deep Coupling Model (MSCM). Our approach integrates information from multiple sources and incorporates the semantics of urban functional zones into a knowledge graph, enabling effective fusion and mining of multi-source data.This method can improve the credibility and precision of the results, providing a richer research perspective for refined urban functional zoning. The results of this paper have important theoretical value and practical significance for the construction of identification, labelling, and monitoring tools for engineering smart cities.

A Methodology of Comprehensive Quality Evaluation for the Underground Space

AbstractUnderground space resources are very important for the purposes of urban sustainable develop Underground space resources are very important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are an important way in which to realize three‐dimensional urban development. A reasonable and scientific evaluation of underground space resources is the basis for the rational use of land resources and urban planning. On the basis of the geological conditions concerned by predecessors, this study adds the analysis of the two influencing factors of social and economic value, existing facilities and protection needs. The evaluation index is quantified, and the comprehensive quality evaluation system of underground space resources is constructed. Finally, taking Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example, the evaluation of underground space resources is carried out. The results show that for shallow underground space, the comprehensive quality of underground space resources development in Nanshan District is generally high. Nantou, Nanshan, and Yuehai streets are recommended to actively develop underground space, and Qianhai and Houhai areas are recommended to be cautious in the development and construction of underground space. In addition, this study also provide reference for the purposes of underground space planning in Nanshan District of Shenzhen.

Research on service quality of professional education based on the PZB service quality model

With the arrival of Internet technology and the information era, China’s higher education has entered a new stage of development. In this context, new learning methods represented by “Internet+” have gradually emerged and rapidly spread, and traditional classroom teaching is facing a huge impact. At the same time, more and more students choose to learn independently through online courses due to resource constraints, time and space. This new learning method has posed a great challenge to the traditional education concept. Therefore, how to improve the quality of college education services has become one of the urgent problems to be solved at present. In this paper, from the perspective of service quality of college education, it is of practical significance to apply the theory of hybrid service quality to college hybrid education to explore its service quality improvement strategy. In this paper, the application of the PZB service quality model in professional education teaching is studied and discussed by using the methods of literature, mathematical statistics, and logical analysis. In this paper, the structure of the service quality evaluation system, influencing factors and results analysis, and the summary of improvement suggestions are deeply analyzed.

HR POLICY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN CRISIS CHALLENGES

The article is aimed at researching new strategies for management decisions focused on the development of human resources in the context of crisis challenges.
 It has been established that management decisions in the field of educational management are currently being implemented under conditions of financial constraints, and, accordingly, the further high-quality functioning of the education system and its strategic development, in the face of crisis challenges, requires modeling a new paradigm of the realized importance of human resources in the national higher education space, which in turn stimulates the search for new approaches to the implementation of management strategies in the field of higher education and the creation of new non-standard concepts of HR management in war conditions.
 It is proved that in the current conditions of increased risks, the strategy of HR policy of a higher education institution is aimed at maintaining the effectiveness of educational and scientific activities of participants in the educational process through modernization of the HR management system, ensuring a safe educational space, changing models of incentives and motivation for the professional development of research and teaching staff, creating internal financial resources by expanding the practices of providing additional educational services by a higher education institution, directing such revenues to the professional development of research and teaching staff and the creation of safe conditions for professional activity.
 It is determined that the main measures to manage the development of the scientific and pedagogical potential of a modern Ukrainian higher education institution in today's conditions should be concentrated in four key areas: creating safe labour conditions; forming a system of incentives and motives for high-quality professional activities, including material incentives; creating conditions for continuous staff development to ensure their psychological comfort; focusing on additional educational services, focusing on additional educational services, project activities and interdisciplinary programs as a strategic direction to compensate the financial constraints of educational institutions. These measures will help to increase the competitiveness of educational institutions and the quality of educational programs.