Organization Of Space Research Articles

Civic Space for Advocacy Non-Governmental Organizations in Developing Countries

Civic Space for Advocacy Non-Governmental Organizations in Developing Countries

Theoretical basics of mechanisms of the interaction of the government and public in the conditions of hybrid threats

The current situation in Ukraine creates relevant challenges for the country itself, its regions, business and the public, especially the issue of interaction with the authorities in the context of countering hybrid threats. In such conditions, the mechanism of interaction between the government and the public is relevant for two reasons. First, the presence of martial law in Ukraine poses additional challenges and requirements for public administration. Secondly, the interaction of authorities with the public is becoming increasingly important, as the influence of public opinion on management decisions in various spheres is increasing. In the article, a theoretical generalization of modern scientific approaches to the problems of the mechanisms of interaction between the government and the public in the conditions of hybrid threats is carried out and four block-clusters of scientific approaches are distinguished: public-management, philosophical-sociocultural, informational-psychological, social-political. The theoretical foundations of the mechanisms of interaction between the authorities and the public in the conditions of hybrid threats have been studied. The expanded interpretation of the scientific concept "mechanism of interaction between the government and the public in the conditions of hybrid threats" is substantiated, which differs from the existing ones by the author's clarification of its content. The components of the public administration mechanism, the peculiarities of their interrelationship, the main parameters for ensuring their effective functioning in various spheres of society, taking into account objective (organizational-legal) and subjective (social-psychological) factors, are highlighted. In the modern approach to the construction and implementation of mechanisms of interaction between the authorities and the public in the conditions of hybrid threats, the following should be taken into account: the set of manifestations of the process itself, the regulatory and legal and organizational space (resources and opportunities of the participants), information flows and communication of the subjects of the process in order to overcome the consequences of global conflicts in various spheres of social life.

Network Topology Evaluation and Transitive Alignments for Molecular Networking.

Untargeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an essential technique in modern analytical chemistry, providing a comprehensive snapshot of chemical entities in complex samples and identifying unknowns through their fragmentation patterns. This high-throughput approach generates large data sets that can be challenging to interpret. Molecular Networks (MNs) have been developed as a computational tool to aid in the organization and visualization of complex chemical space in untargeted mass spectrometry data, thereby supporting comprehensive data analysis and interpretation. MNs group related compounds with potentially similar structures from MS/MS data by calculating all pairwise MS/MS similarities and filtering these connections to produce a MN. Such networks are instrumental in metabolomics for identifying novel metabolites, elucidating metabolic pathways, and even discovering biomarkers for disease. While MS/MS similarity metrics have been explored in the literature, the influence of network topology approaches on MN construction remains unexplored. This manuscript introduces metrics for evaluating MN construction, benchmarks state-of-the-art approaches, and proposes the Transitive Alignments approach to improve MN construction. The Transitive Alignment technique leverages the MN topology to realign MS/MS spectra of related compounds that differ by multiple structural modifications. Combining this Transitive Alignments approach with pseudoclique finding, a method for identifying highly connected groups of nodes in a network, resulted in more complete and higher-quality molecular families. Finally, we also introduce a targeted network construction technique called induced transitive alignments where we demonstrate effectiveness on a real world natural product discovery application. We release this transitive alignment technique as a high-throughput workflow that can be used by the wider research community.

Circular and sustainable space: Findings from hyperspectral imaging

Clean production and the ecological transition pose significant challenges for international space organizations, which are developing new strategies for recycling space waste products within a circular economy model. Successful recycling initiatives, which could encompass all or only parts of space waste management, would facilitate the reuse of materials that would otherwise be discarded. The present study aimed at testing a method for the identification and categorization of space waste to facilitate the definition of effective sorting and recycling operations in space. In more detail, the study investigated the potential of a sustainable, low-cost method based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI), employing HSI sensors operating in two spectral ranges—shortwave infrared (SWIR) and near-infrared (NIR)—to develop a classification model capable of identifying and sorting space waste for recycling. The findings demonstrate the advantages of using HSI techniques to identify, recognize, and classify various materials, thereby presenting a viable approach aligned with the circular model. Moreover, the proposed approach is non-invasive and non-destructive, eliminating the need for chemicals that could harm the environment. The technique may enable the differentiation of potentially valuable space waste from pollutants, contributing to sustainable waste management and the circular economy.

(Keynote) Macroscopic Materials Synthesized from Nanoparticle Superlattices

One of the promises of nanotechnology in its early developmental stages was the ability to make designer materials with precise control over individual building block composition and organization in 3D space. In recent years, material synthesis methods have advanced to be able to create a multitude of nanoparticles of varying sizes, shapes, and compositions, providing a vast array of building blocks to use as materials fabrication components. Additionally, processing methods have been developed to arrange these nanoparticles into ordered arrays, to dry them into thin films, and even to sinter them into more complex bulk solids. However, the fundamental promise of being able to build a material with controlled hierarchical structure across all length scales (atomic crystal structure, molecular composition; nanoscale feature size, shape, and organization; microstructure; macroscopic form) has been challenging to realize. A materials synthesis and processing route that could create free-standing, macroscopic materials or arbitrary three-dimensional shapes with precisely controlled nanoparticle positions across the entirety of the material composition would therefore be a major advancement. Here, we demonstrate a nanoparticle-based building block called a “Nanocomposite Tecton (NCT)” that enables a self-assembly route to fabricating free-standing 3D solids of arbitrary macroscopic shapes that can utilize a multitude of different nanoparticle compositions, and also possess specifically programmed nanoscale particle arrangements and controlled microstructure. This talk will outline the key synthesis and processing steps that enable this method of making materials with programmed material structure across ~7 orders of magnitude in length scale, thereby realizing a long-standing goal of nanomaterials fabrication.

Simultaneous Mapping of the Nanoscale Organization and Redox State of Extracellular Space in Living Brain Tissue.

The spatial organization characteristics and redox status of the extracellular space (ECS) are crucial in the development of brain diseases. However, it remains a challenge to simultaneously capture dynamic changes in microstructural features and redox states at the submicron level within the ECS. Here, we developed a reversible glutathione (GSH)-responsive nanoprobe (RGN) for mapping the spatial organization features and redox status of the ECS in brain tissues with nanoscale resolution. The RGN is composed of polymer nanoparticles modified with GSH-responsive molecules and amino-functionalized methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), which exhibit exceptional single-particle brightness and excellent free diffusion capability in the ECS of brain tissues. Tracking single RGNs in acute brain slices allowed us to dynamically map spatial organizational features and redox levels within the ECS of brain tissues in disease models. This provides a powerful super-resolution imaging method that offers a potential opportunity to study the dynamic changes in the ECS microenvironment and to understand the physiological and pathological roles of the ECS in vivo.

Advances in space food processing: From farm to outer space

Space is the final frontier and mankind has long desired to explore the vast expanse of the universe in the pursuit of finding new worlds. The need for nutritious and long-lasting food during deep space missions have however, been an impediment to this quest. Although challenging, researchers from different public and private space organizations and institutes have come together striving hard to develop food processes, product quality and safety protocols for advancing the field of space foods. Even NASA has proposed nanomaterial-based packaging to preserve space foods longer than 5 years. Therefore, a fresh outlook is required on processing and packaging technologies currently adopted for the preparation of space foods. This review provides an overview of the inception of space foods followed by its physico-chemical and microbiological quality considerations, and processing and packaging technologies. The market opportunities available for space foods has also been covered highlighting the major players in the space food processing sector. Literature review indicates that freeze-drying has been used as a space food preservation technology of choice for years, but the combination of high-pressure processing and thermal treatment is now gaining attention due to its potential in extending the shelf life of space foods upto 5 years. Besides, 3D printing has also emerged as an economically viable technology for producing more nutritious and organoleptically appealing space foods. Currently, the major constraint for space food research is simulating the environment of space for testing food processes and packaging materials which could be explored.

Workplace Reimagined: New Perspectives on Organizational Spaces

Workplace Reimagined: New Perspectives on Organizational Spaces

GP remote consultations with marginalised patients and the importance of place during care: a qualitative study of the role of place in GP consultations.

Since COVID-19 there been an increase in the use of remote consultations in General Practice in the UK. This leads to the displacement of the consultation outside of the physical GP practice, and its 'emplacement' elsewhere, with underexplored consequences for inequities of healthcare in marginalised groups. This paper examines the place-making demands that remote consultations make on patients, and the ways that these affect their experiences of care, with a focus on the impact on patients from marginalised groups. Ethnography and interview study (n=15) undertaken at three sites in London: a foodbank, a community development organisation, and a drop-in advice centre for migrants. Additionally, GPs (n=5) working at practices in London Digital Health Hub staff (n=4) and staff at fieldwork sites (n=3) were interviewed. Ethnographic observation (n=84 hours) and semi-structured interviews (n=27). Interviews were conducted in-person and over the phone and data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. The core themes emerging from the data included challenges securing privacy during remote consultations, and the loss of formal healthcare spaces as important places of care. These findings were closely tied to resource access, leading to inequities in experiences of care. Remote GP consultations are not "place-less" encounters, and inequities in access to suitable spaces may lead to inequities in experiences of care. Attention should be given to ensuring that patients without appropriate spaces for remote consultations are offered in-person care, or consultation times made more specific to allow for organisation of private space.

FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING SPACE OF OXBOW LAKES: SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

Problem statement. Following the adoption of Law No. 1641-VIII on October 4, 2016, the Ukrainian legislation introduced the “basin management principle”. This principle entails comprehensive (integrated) management of water resources within the river basin area [1]. In the valleys of lowland rivers with numerous bends, particularly in the Dnipro, Danube, and Vistula rivers, oxbow lakes are formed, representing remnants of old river channels. Oxbow lakes are small lakes that form on floodplains due to erosion and sediment deposition. In large cities, such lakes are important centers of biological diversity, improve microclimate, act as barriers to floods, and have an attractive appearance. However, oxbow lakes are susceptible to drying up, silting, and turning into marshes. Therefore, research on oxbow lakes in the context of urban planning is highly necessary to prevent chaotic development and preserve similar ecosystems. Additionally, the consolidation of experience in the development and rehabilitation of such objects is practically significant for urban planning. Research objective. The purpose is to examine and summarize the scientific and practical experience in forming the architectural and urban planning space along oxbow lakes. Conclusion. Scientific research in the fields of hydraulic engineering, agronomy, and urban planning that can be implemented in urban planning practice to address oxbow lake issues has been identified and systematized. Using satellite imagery and analytical maps, patterns in the organization of oxbow lake spaces in the largest cities of Ukraine have been identified. Similarly, examples of planning and development of lakeside (old riverbed) territories in Europe, America, Asia, and Oceania have been found and analyzed. Successful practical solutions for the use of scientific and technical methods for preserving oxbow lakes have been identified in the aforementioned examples. Patterns and trends in organizing development and street networks around small floodplain lakes and oxbow lakes have been revealed.

How can healthcare organisations improve the social determinants of health for their local communities? Findings from realist-informed case studies among secondary healthcare organisations in England

ObjectivesIncreasingly, healthcare and public health strategists invite us to look at healthcare organisations as not just care providers but as anchor institutions (ie, large community-rooted organisations with significant impact in...

Spatial organisation within the earliest evidence of post-built structures in Britain.

This paper explores tool-using activities undertaken in and around the earliest known evidence of post-built structures in Britain. Microwear results associated with at least three structures identified at the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr, North Yorkshire, are examined as a means of identifying activity zones associated with the diverse stone tools used to process a variety of materials (e.g. wood, bone, antler, plant, hide, meat, fish). With 341 lithic artefacts analysed, this research represents the first microwear study focused on the post-built structures at Star Carr. A combination of spatial and microwear data has provided different scales of interpretation: from individual tool use to patterns of activity across the three structures. Different types of tool use observed have aided interpretations of possible activity areas where objects were produced and materials were processed. Zones of activity within one of the structures suggest that the working of some materials was more spatially restricted than others; even where there are high densities of flint deposition, spatial patterns in tool-using activity were observed. From this, it is interpreted that social norms and behaviours influenced the spatial organisation of different spaces. Our results demonstrate the importance of combining microwear analysis with GIS to explore function and variability in the use of Mesolithic structures-providing new insights into their role as social spaces.

The Contribution of Women from the Organized Colombian Diaspora in Catalonia to the Generation of Transnational Human Rights Defense Practices

Objective/context: To learn about the contributions of women of the organized Colombian diaspora in Catalonia to creating transnational practices in favor of peace and denunciation of human rights violations in Colombia. Specifically, we seek to identify the main actors, organizational spaces, and collective action repertoires developed by Colombian women in Catalonia. Therefore, we approach the literature on the political participation of migrant and exiled women from the perspective of political transnationalism. Methodology: This qualitative and participatory research study examines bibliographic and documentary sources, semi-structured interviews with Colombian women participating in the organized diaspora, and participant observation of mobilizations. Conclusions: The analysis and discussion of the results show that for some women, their participation is based on their exile and previous political involvement. For others, it is driven by the recognition of their condition as migrant subjects, as well as the different axes of inequality that cross them, which allows them to connect their individual discomfort with the collective discomfort of their country of origin and develop new interpretative frameworks and new repertoires of action aimed at sensitizing and influencing the Colombian socio-political reality. Originality: This research contribution allows for further debate on the transnational political role of migrations in a globalized world and what role women can play in it.

The organizational ecology of the global space industry

The global space industry is booming. While governmental agencies used to dominate outer space activities, private space organizations (PSOs) now launch rockets, operate strategic satellites, and even take tourists on space expeditions. How can we explain this emergence of PSOs? Building on organizational ecology theory and drawing on a novel dataset of 1751 space organizations and 52 semi-structured interviews, this paper finds that mutualistic relations between governmental space agencies and PSOs have been instrumental in the rise of PSOs. This emphasis on mutualism challenges the prevailing belief that a few visionary private entrepreneurs create the space industry from the ground up. It also refutes the notion that PSOs simply out-compete a stagnant public sector. PSOs have not superseded governmental space agencies; they are nurtured by and developed with them. This paper is one of the first to explain how private actors can emerge in a field historically dominated by governmental actors. In so doing, it contributes to studies on public-private interactions by showing how mutualism can structure a nascent industry. It also opens up new avenues for research on the political economy of outer space by making available a rich dataset of space actors.

Особенности объемно-планировочных решений стационарных зданий цирков

Objective: this work is devoted to the study of the features in space-planning solutions for stationary circus buildings and to determine the development of circus architecture. In recent years, with the appearance of new technologies, the requirements for space-planning and technical solutions of circus buildings have undergone significant changes. It is very important to preserve the traditions of circus art and, at the same time, for expansion of the circus performances are necessary modifications and transformations of the buildings. Methods: have been made a comprehensive analysis of existing circus buildings in Europe, Asia and Russia. The research is based on the analysis of professional literature and scientific articles. Results: has been revealed patterns and main features in construction of multifunctional entertainment buildings with elements of circus and various show performances (on ice, on water, in the air). Technical innovations applied in modern representations, such as removable playpens, the use of virtual reality and modern technical balancing systems, dictate new approaches to the organization of space. In Europe, animal performances are a thing of the past. In Russia and Asia, animals remain an essential part of the circus show, meanwhile control over their living conditions is becoming more strict. Based on the study of the already built circus facilities were determined the prospects for the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings. Practical significance: the results allow us to identify the main trends in the space-planning solutions of stationary circus buildings. This research will be useful for architects, designers and other specialists who are engaged in the design and reconstruction of circuses. The results of this research can be used to create modern and functional circus buildings that will meet the expectations of the audience and provide comfortable conditions for the artists.

Predicting emergent animal biodiversity patterns across multiple scales.

Restoring biodiversity-based resilience and ecosystem multi-functionality needs to be informed by more accurate predictions of animal biodiversity responses to environmental change. Ecological models make a substantial contribution to this understanding, especially when they encode the biological mechanisms and processes that give rise to emergent patterns (population, community, ecosystem properties and dynamics). Here, a distinction between 'mechanistic' and 'process-based' ecological models is established to review existing approaches. Mechanistic and process-based ecological models have made key advances to understanding the structure, function and dynamics of animal biodiversity, but are typically designed to account for specific levels of biological organisation and spatiotemporal scales. Cross-scale ecological models, which predict emergent co-occurring biodiversity patterns at interacting scales of space, time and biological organisation, is a critical next step in predictive ecology. A way forward is to first capitalise on existing models to systematically evaluate the ability of scale-explicit mechanisms and processes to predict emergent patterns at alternative scales. Such model intercomparisons will reveal mechanism to process transitions across fine to broad scales, overcome approach-specific barriers to model realism or tractability and identify gaps which necessitate the development of new fundamental principles. Key challenges surrounding model complexity and uncertainty would need to be addressed, and while opportunities from big data can streamline the integration of multiple scale-explicit biodiversity patterns, ambitious cross-scale field studies are also needed. Crucially, overcoming cross-scale ecological modelling challenges would unite disparate fields of ecology with the common goal of improving the evidence-base to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystems under novel environmental change.

SPACES OF ART CULTURE ORGANIZATION CREATED BY WOMEN INTELLECTUALS OF THE 17TH CENTURY

Background. The concepts of cultural space and cultural space were analyzed by A.Ya. Flier, L.P. Repina and others. In Western European culture of the 17th century, the problem of the place and role of a woman creator became more acute. The beginning of the present of women’s creativity originates in those times. Women's intellectual culture is a mental and verbal foundation created by creative women of a specific historical era and a specific country. The relevance of the study of women's intellectual culture of the 17th century is associated with the revival of the awareness of women creators of the past and the destruction of stereotypes in relation to women's creativity. The article analyzes the aspect of the organization of women's intellectual culture of the 17th century in order to identify the spaces in which women creators created works of art. Methods. While analyzing cultural institutions, an axiological approach is used with the inclusion of an anthropological component. While analyzing the space of art culture organization, methods such as analysis of the physical characteristics of the space, its internal structure, functions, values, place and role of creators in it and the results of their creative activity are used. Results. Creative women in the 17th century create their own spaces for the production of artistic cultural objects. Such spaces are monastery, female academy, salon, and Women’s Republic of Letters. Conclusion. The closed spaces for the organization of women's intellectual culture were monastery and female academy, where works of art were created within the framework of tradition. The open space was the salon, which created favorable conditions for creative innovation. In the space of Women’s Republic of Letters the new principles of upbringing and education were worked out.

Применение инновационных подходов к развитию инфраструктуры горных территорий на примере объектов образования

The goal is to develop proposals for the sustainable development of mountain areas based on the use of innovative approaches to the development of social infrastructure taking into account the example of educational facilities. Methods.The set of methods was used to achieve the stated purpose of the study, namely: literature analysis – to identify the main problems of the sustainable development of mountain areas, including in the field of social infrastructure using the example of educational facilities; analogy – to develop the proposals for the development of educational organizations of higher and secondary education according to the principles of campus organization of space, methods of sociological research (including methods of data collecting and processing) – to determine the possibilities of involving small businesses in the processes of innovative construction of campuses of educational organizations in mountainous areas (construction using information modeling technologies). Results and discussion. The authors proposed some measures for the development of infrastructure in the mountainous areas using the example of educational facilities, combining management and technological innovations: – as a management innovation it is proposed to apply the principles of forming an innovative educational environment taking into account the example of campuses for educational institutions of higher, secondary vocational (and, possibly, general secondary education in some cases and with some restrictions) within the framework of the development of a network of educational institutions in the mountainous areas of our country both at newly constructed facilities and at existing ones; – as a technological innovation, the use of building information modeling was proposed within the framework of projects for the development of educational organizations, based on the campus principle, in the mountainous areas. Conclusions. The proposed measures are aimed at solving significant problems characteristic of the mountainous territories of our country, such as reducing the outflow of young people (including for education), providing conditions for the development of human capital, developing social infrastructure and creating preconditions for increasing the investment activity and business development, as well as innovative activity of enterprises in the region, including small organizations.

EVALUATION OF INTERACTIVE SPACES FOR ENHANCED LEARNING IN ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

The design studio is still the focal point of curricular programmes in architectural faculties around the world, and it is regarded as the gold standard for architectural design education. However, the architecture studio's primary role in the existing academic framework of architectural education needs to be reconsidered. As a result, a shift to architecture studio design is required to create an environment that delivers an immersive and collaborative feeling of setting for studio users. The job of architecture is to build and develop places that fulfil the demands of architecture users and the usage of spaces by different individuals and groups of people, just as an architecture design studio is considered as a learning environment and usually a location where interactions occur. This study investigates the methodologies and goals of architectural design for open space facilities that relieve stress in learning environments such as those found on university campuses in a compact urban setting. The literature reviews, along with expert input, indicate strategies for integrating sustainability as the foundation for achieving a functional institutional environment structure for Nigerian schools of architecture; thus, this serves as the foundation for the development of a questionnaire to collect relevant data. Improving quality and service delivery through better interactive space organisation. The findings suggest that architects should incorporate sustainable building areas into their theoretical preparation. According to the study, it is critical to set standards for an alternative design approach that is user-centered while also strengthening the training of student architects by creating more interactive spaces.

Análisis de la sostenibilidad en los sistemas de producción ovina en el Altiplano de Michoacán

The sustainability of sheep production systems may be at risk and must be evaluated in order to identify actions to improve their performance. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the sustainability of sheep production units in the highlands area of the state of Michoacán, Mexico. The method of sustainability indicators of agricultural holdings was used, through the scales: agroecological, socio-territorial and economic. 40 indicators were evaluated through a semi-structured survey in 108 production units. The indicators of each sheep production unit were concentrated in a database and scores were obtained according to the method guide. In order to group sheep production units with similar characteristics, a multivariate cluster analysis was carried out using the hierarchical method. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the three scales evaluated with: 42.3; 47.7 and 50.0% sustainability units respectively. The main limitation of sustainability was the agroecological scale, in the space organization component. Four clusters of sheep production units with different characteristics were obtained. The sheep production units in the area have not reached a state of acceptable sustainability. The limited land area puts its permanence at risk. These production units manage to generate economic resources and support family self-sufficiency, which has allowed them to remain over time, due to the diversity of the agricultural species they manage.