Soybean Protein Fiber Research Articles

PH Measuring Pad for Underpad

Measuring the pH is very important to reveal the possible health problem risks of pets with early diagnosis, to enhance their quality of life and prevent negative effects on their health. However, measuring the pH level of cats and dogs urine’s is very painful and stressful process,especially during their birth duration. Accordingly, to support parents and veterinarians in this urine collection process, ‘pH Measuring pad for underpad’ project is studied. Using this ped will be quick, painless and guiding method.
 In addtion to these, environmental pollution which is known by all over the world is increasing. In order to prevent this pollution, several projects has been studied in this issue and also, all raw materials have been selected as be bio-based. In this newly studies under pad project, when animal health is considered, raw materials selection is made on the basis of protecting the nature. The product which contains special indicator emphasizes the innovative aspect of the project by perforemin health checks for pets. The raw materials which use in this project is selected from having higher mechanical properties ones and also, their processability is evaluated. Formulation is obtained by mixing suitable raw materials in certain proportions. 
 First of all, there is a print on top of this pad. This print is made with a bio ink which includes pH indicator. By means of this ink, after the pets leave their urine on the pad, observing of color change can be possible according to the urine’s pH level. Ideally, urine’s pH value should be aroud 6.5 for cats and dogs as be considere a healthy level. IF the pH is acisic (below 5.5/6) or alkaline (above 7/7.5), there may be bacteria, crystals, an imbalnce in blood values or a sign of illness, which can have a nagative impact on pet’s health. In addtion to this, the carrier breathable film which is used in the desing of the ‘pH measuring pad for underpad’ is produced with using low density polyethylene (LDPE) obtained from renewable resoruces (green). The non-woven fabric is produced from soybean protein fibers. While, These fibers are biodegradable, soybean protein fiber or SPF, is the only renewable botanical protein fiber that can be touch today. SPF is a unique active fiber. Also it contains 16 amino acids that are healty and nourishing for the skin.
 Keyword: indicator, bio, pad Giriş

Soya ve Pamuklu Örme Kumaşların Seçilen Performans Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması Üzerine Deneysel Bir Çalışma

In this study, 100% soybean and 100% cotton suprem and pique knitted fabrics were produced. Quality performance parameters, color fastness and spectrophotometric color results of the knitted fabrics were compared. The aim of the study is to reveal the advantages and weaknesses of soybean knitted fabrics compared to cotton knitted fabrics. When the production and test results are examined, soybean fabrics are softer than cotton fabrics. Knitted pique 100% soybean protein fiber fabrics dimensional change is worse than 100% cotton. Air permeability of fabrics made from soybean fiber is better than cotton fabrics therefore it can be provided thermal comfort conditions. Bursting strength of soybean fabrics is as good as cotton fabrics. In the color fastness tests, the fastness values of the soybean fabrics were found to be high and wet rubbing fastness is good. As a result of this study, it was seen that the color fastness, softness, abrasion resistance, air permeability of the soybean knitted were better than cotton fabrics. Soybean fabrics were found to be more pilling than cotton fabrics. When the results of the research are examined, 100% soybean fabrics can be used instead of cotton fabrics.

Soybean Protein Fiber Enabled Controllable Li Deposition and a LiF-Nanocrystal-Enriched Interface for Stable Li Metal Batteries

The proliferation of lithium (Li) dendrites stemming from uncontrollable Li deposition seriously limits the practical application of Li metal batteries. The regulation of uniform Li deposition is thus a prerequisite for promoting a stable Li metal anode. Herein, a commercial lithiophilic skeleton of soybean protein fiber (SPF) is introduced to homogenize the Li-ion flux and induce the biomimetic Li growth behavior. Especially, the SPF can promote the formation of a LiF-nanocrystal-enriched interface upon cycling, resulting in low interfacial impedance and rapid charge transfer kinetics. Finally, the SPF-mediated Li metal anode can achieve high Coulombic efficiency of 98.7% more than 550 cycles and a long-term lifespan over 3400 h (∼8500 cycles) in symmetric tests. Furthermore, the practical pouch cell modified with SPF can maintain superior electrochemical performance over 170 cycles under a low N/P ratio and high mass loading of the cathode.

Fabrication of conductive soybean protein fiber for electromagnetic interference shielding through electroless copper plating

We report on a simple but efficient strategy for the preparation of conductive soybean protein fiber (SBPF) by electroless copper plating method. The proposed method mainly composed of three procedures, namely, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) modification, Cu0-seeding and Cu-coating deposition. Specifically, Cu0 activation procedure could be divided into two stages: Cu2+-absorption in cupric citrate solution and the subsequent in situ reduction to Cu0 with sodium borohydride. The elemental analysis of the samples in each step was carried out by using XPS measurement. In addition, the resultant SBPF-based Cu coating was subject to detailed analysis by SEM. It was found that a layer of fine Cu particles evenly distributed on the fiber surface with uniform grains and there were no obvious structural damages after the ultrasonic washing test. In contrast, the Cu coating obtained in absence of APTMS modification suffered a delamination, which confirmed the necessity of chemical modification on SBPF. Moreover, the resultant conductive soybean protein fibers were woven into plain weave in a single cylinder handloom, then corresponding shielding effectiveness values were measured by using a spectrum analyzer at frequency range of 30–1000 MHz.

Organic cotton, lyocell and SPF: a comparative study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative study on the characteristics of knitted fabrics used in the manufacturing of apparel, which are produced from organic cotton, lyocell and soybean protein fiber (SPF). It is important for both the environment and society that textile industry continues to adopt more ecofriendly materials and furthermore, pushes to increase awareness regarding these material choices available to the consumer and the corresponding impacts of consumers’ decisions. The use of sustainable fibers may be a starting point for changing the industrial paradigm of the textile industry. Design/methodology/approach – The research presented herein analyzes the potential use of three raw materials used in the development of knitted fabrics: organic cotton, lyocell and SPF. The experimental trials, based on norms, determined the weight, pilling, rupture pressure resistance, absorption by capillarity, dimensional alteration and elasticity. The significance of the experimental results was verified through the analysis of variance, with a confidence interval of 95 percent (p=0.05) and the determination of the optimal regulation of the machine was made through an analysis of the response surface. Findings – The results indicate that each of the studied materials are suitable for textile application; however, the fabrics manufactured from soybean yarn, compared to those manufactured from organic cotton or lyocell, have a higher potential to meet the needs of the costumer. Social implications – The discussion regarding sustainability is far reaching on the ways it interacts with human life. As such, the latent need for meeting this new demand presents a unique opportunity for the development of new processes and products. In the case of the textile industry, initiatives are gradually being adopted that make the processes used by the supply chain less damaging to the environment. Clothing and fashion are highly visible elements of society, so consequently, the textile industry serves as an excellent candidate for promoting a sustainable and eco-friendly mindset. Originality/value – The incorporation of sustainable fibers can serve as a starting point for change to the industrial paradigm existing within the textile industry. To this point, this study intended to analyze the potential implementation of three raw materials – organic cotton, lyocell and SPF – in the development of knitted fabrics. The results indicated that these materials are adequate for textile applications.

An efficient method to functionalize soybean protein fiber for fuse wire application

An etchant-free surface pre-treatment process for the preparation of copper/soybean protein fiber (Cu/SPF) via electroless plating was studied. A tight, dense and continuous structure of copper coating was obtained in this process. 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane molecule was successfully grafted onto the SPF via a simple coupling reaction. In addition, Au, Ag or Pd nanoparticles were immobilized on the SPF substrate as catalyst sites for electroless plating. All the copper coatings via different metal activation were firmly adhered to the SPF substrate, as determined by an adhesive scotch®-tape test. The measurement of the electrothermal property of the Cu/SPF composites was carried out by a home-made direct current circuit. The composite from Ag activation process held a relatively higher rated current and a lower melting point, which indicated that it was more suitable to be made as the fuse wire than the composites from Au or Pd activation process.

The Bleaching of Soybean Fabric by Different Treatments Combined with Ozonation

This article is about bleaching of soybean fibers. Although the studies related to dyeing of soybean fibers have been found in the literature, little has been reported on the effect of bleaching. The natural color of soybean protein fibers is pale yellow or cream, and it is therefore usually necessary to bleach them to improve their whiteness. Different bleaching treatments combined with ozonation were performed in order to establish the effect on whiteness, yellowness, lightness, wettability, hydrophility, moisture sorption, and fiber damage properties of knitted soybean fabric. As a result of study, bleaching process combined with ozonation (ozonation + oxidative bleaching + reductive bleaching) supplied soybean fabric with a white appearance (highest whiteness degree), highest hydrophility, and minimal fiber damage.

The Analysis on Composition and Structure of the Eri-Silk

The eri-silk was degummed by Alkaline protease,the chemical composition of the eri-silk was analyzed and the internal structure of the retting eri-silk was analyzed by infrared spectral, also the vertical form of the was tested by electron microscopy and using thermal analysis to study the thermal properties of the eri-silk. The results showed that the highest content in the eri-silk was alanine, followed by acetic acid; The heat resistance of the eri-silk was worse than the soybean protein fiber and wool, the the surface of the degumming eri-silk was smooth, there was obvious dents between two silk fibroin; the structure of the eri-silk fibroin contain α-helix and β-folding structure which is the most main structure, there is distinguishing peak characteristics of AmideI at wave 1661.

Study on the Application of New Materials in Clothing Design

The development of technology and the progress of society so that people wearing increasingly demanding, from the development of their own concern to care for their environment, they require clothing with comfort, safety, health, environmental protection, easy dressing and other functions, while retaining the warmth of the basic functions. Thus, clothing new materials is produced. This article mainly talk about the application of new material in the clothing, focus is the application of soybean protein fiber in clothing, and design a soybean protein fiber knitted sweaters in the specific application model.

Test and Analysis of SPF Pure Yarn or SPF Tencel Blending Yarn Mechanics Property

The soybean protein fiber is one of the green fibers. It is blended with Tencel. The strength of the blended yarn is tested. The relation between the strength and the twist factor and the blended ratio is analyzed. The optimum blended ratio and the critical twist factor is determined.

The Tensile and Surface Frictional Property of Soybean Protein Fibers

In order to understand the mechanical properties of the soybean protein fibers (simply called SPF) in different processing condition, the tensile and frictional properties of the SPF are measured with different instruments. By the analysis of the results, the following conclusions can be deduced: bleaching has an influence on decreasing tenacity at break for each test modality. Knotted and looped modalities decrease fiber tenacity remarkably in all three samples, and the same occurs with elongation at break. Looped modalities show lower tenacity and elongation at break, the lowest being the bleached fibers in looped modalities.

Study on Hygroscopicity/Easy Dry Properties of Cooldry Polyester Knitted Fabrics

The prupose of this paper was to study hygroscopicity /easy dry properties of Cooldry knitted fabrics to facilitate product development. The capillary effect, moisture absorption, time of drip-diffusion, amount of evaporation, moisture permeability and ventilation properties of knitted fabrics made of different fabric structures and fiber contents such as Cooldry, soybean protein/Cooldry, soybean protein fiber, polyester/cotton were tested to evaluate their hygroscopicity /easy dry properties using grey clustering analysis. The results show that the Cooldry knitted fabrics are superior to soybean protein or ordinary polyester/cotton knitted fabrics in hygroscopicity /easy dry properties , and the eyelet structure fabrics knitted by interlock compound stitch have better hygroscopicity /easy dry performances than other structure fabrics.

Tensile Property Test Analysis of Double Protein Modified Fiber

In order to study the tensile mechanical properties of the double protein modified fiber. Tensile breaking property and stress relaxation were analyzed and proper mechanical models were selected for fitting. The analysis shows that: in dry and wet, the straight tensile breaking tenacity of the double protein modified fiber is weaker than that of the modified soybean protein fiber, the elongation at break and initial modulus are near to those of the modified soybean protein fiber, the breaking tenacity of the double protein modified fiber increases slightly when wet while the elongation at break and initial modulus decline a little. In knotted and looped, the double protein modified fiber’s tensile breaking tenacity is weaker than that of the modified soybean protein and its tensile breaking strength and elongation at break decrease differently. The fitting reveals that the four element nonlinear viscoelastic model is the best to describe straight tensile. The two optimal models for knotted and looped tensile are the four element nonlinear viscoelastic model and the Improved Zurek model. In addition, the six element viscoelastic plasticity model is appropriate to simulate stress relaxation.

Improvement on Dyeing Performance of Different Bifunctional Reactive Dyes for Soybean Protein Fibers

This study assesses dyeing performance of reactive dyes with monofluorotriazine and modified cvinyl-sulfone bifunctional reactive groups in alkaline/acid denaturalization bath to the soybean fibers. It has been shown that 3~4 of the dyeing pH value, 60 minutes and 70°C of dyeing time and temperature were selected for denatured bath. The denaturalization bath can dramatically improve exhaustion and fixation and significantly decrease the chromaticity of the dyeing effluent. Besides, colorimetric properties, fastness and mechanical strength of the dyed fabrics were evaluated to indicate applicability of this dyeing process of soybean protein fibers.

The Mechanical Property of Milk Protein Fiber

To research basic property of milk protein fibre, basic property of milk protein fiber and wool were tested and analysed. Through analysing and contrasting each property it is considered that in dry state the strength of milk protein fiber is close to the soybean protein fiber and bigger than wool, the dynamic and static friction coefficient of milk protein fiber is bigger than that of soybean protein fiber. Crimpability of milk protein fiber is worse than that of wool.

Affection of Twist Factor and Blended Ratio to the Strength of Soybean Protein Fiber Blended Yarn

The soybean protein fiber is one of the green fibers. It is blended with the fine polyester. The strength of the blended yarn is tested. The relation between the strength and the twist factor and the blended ratio is analyzed. The optimum blended ratio and the critical twist factor is determined.

The Study of the Optimum Blended Ratio of Soybean Protein Fiber/Polyester Blended Yarn

The strength and elongation, the distribution of the soybean protein fibers and the bending rigidity of the soybean protein fiber/polyester blended yarn are tested. By the analysis of the results, the optimum blended ratio of the blended yarn is determined by the multi-objective optimization method.

The Strength and Elasticity of Soybean Protein Fiber/Combed Cotton Blended Yarn

In order to describe the relationship between the elasticity and the strength and the blended ratio of soybean protein fiber/combed cotton blended yarn, the strength and elasticity of different kinds of blended ratio of soybean protein fiber/combed cotton blended yarn was measured. The relationship between the strength and the blended ratio of blended yarn is not in accordance with the simple model. With the increase of the blended ratio of the soybean protein fibers, the strength and the elasticity of the blended yarn increased.

Union Dyeing of Soybean Protein Fiber/Wool Blends

Protein fibers are attractive topics in the past decades. Among them, soybean protein fiber, the regenerated protein-base fiber, is very popular due to its luster, smooth surface, breathability, and comfort. In order to blend with wool and reach union dyeing, soybean protein fiber was first bleached due to its yellow appearance. Various bleaching processes were introduced in this paper. Reactive dyes for cellulose and for wool, such as Unisol or Megafix dyes, together with proper dyeing process were selected and compared. The results showed that one-time oxidation bleaching is confirmed as the bleaching process due to its compromise of high whiteness and bursting strength. It is unable to reach union dyeing for soybean protein fiber/wool fiber with Unisol or Megafix dyes respectively while it is feasible to reach union dyeing of soybean protein fiber/wool fiber dyeing with Unisol dyes followed by Megafix dyes.

Surface Modification of Polyester Fibers by Encasing Sucrose Ester and Grafting Soybean Protein

Polyester has many superior characteristics such as high strength, durability, and good wash-and-wear properties. But it is not comfortable to wear. Modifying polyester fiber with animal and plant protein was seldom reported, and the fastness of protein was not good enough because there are only few hydroxyl groups on the surface of polyester fibers. In this study, sugar ester(SE) which had both hydrophobic aliphatic chain and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups were encased into surface layer of polyester fiber at high temperature and pressure. The hydrophobic part of sugar ester could be inserted into the polyester fiber, and the reactive hydroxyl groups would stay on the surface of polyester fiber. Then soybean proteins could be grafted on the surface of polyester fiber with sugar ester glycidyl ether (SEGE) as crosslinking compound. Surface morphology and structure of the fabric were studied by SEM、FT-IR、XRD、DSC. The results showed that the surface of polyester fiber was covered by SE and soybean protein overlay film, the encased sugar ester and grafted soybean protein fiber had little change on structure, and the proper grafting temperature was 100°C, time 30min. Encasing and grafting technology is a promising method for modification of polyester fiber.