Soy Isoflavone Supplementation Research Articles

Effects of isoflavones on bone turnover markers in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soy isoflavones on serum markers of bone formation and resorption in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 40 PD patients were randomly assigned to either the soy isoflavone or the placebo group. The patients in the soy isoflavone group received 100mg soy isoflavones daily for 8weeks, whereas the placebo group received corresponding placebos. At baseline and the end of the 8th week, 7ml of blood was obtained from each patient after a 12- to 14-h fast and serum concentrations of bone formation markers (osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase), bone resorption markers [N-telopeptide and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)], and osteoprotegerin as an inhibitor of bone resorption were measured. Serum N-telopeptide concentration decreased significantly up to 27% in the soy isoflavone group at the end of week 8 compared to baseline (P = 0.003). Also, serum RANKL concentration reduced significantly up to 17% in the soy isoflavone group at the end of week 8 compared to baseline (P = 0.03). These bone resorption markers did not significantly change in the placebo group during the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean changes of serum osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, and osteoprotegerin. This study indicates that daily administration of 100mg soy isoflavone supplement to PD patients reduces serum N-telopeptide and RANKL which are two bone resorption markers. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT03773029, 2018.

Effects of soy isoflavones on serum lipids and lipoprotein (a) in peritoneal dialysis patients

Background and aimLipid abnormalities are common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and no effective treatment to decrease serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] in dialysis patients is known so far. Therefore, this research was designed to investigate the effects of soy isoflavone supplement on serum lipids and Lp(a) in PD patients. Methods & resultsIn this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 40 PD patients were randomly assigned to either the isoflavone or the placebo group. The patients in the isoflavone group received 100 mg soy isoflavone daily for 8 weeks, whereas the placebo group received corresponding placebos. At baseline and the end of the 8th week, 7 mL of blood was obtained from each patient and serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and Lp(a) were measured. Serum Lp(a) reduced significantly up to 10% in the isoflavone group at the end of week 8 compared to baseline (P < 0.05), and the reduction was significant in comparison with the placebo group (P < 0.05). Serum HDL-C increased significantly up to 11.5% in the isoflavone group at the end of week 8 compared to baseline (P = 0.05), and the increment was significant in comparison with the placebo group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean changes of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C. ConclusionsThis study indicates that daily administration of 100 mg soy isoflavones reduces serum Lp(a) and increases HDL-C concentration which are two determinants of cardiovascular disease in PD patients. ClinicalTrials.govNCT03773029. Registration number and dateNCT03773029 - 2018.

Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and soy isoflavone supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of pigs

The objective was to evaluate the effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and dietary soy isoflavone (ISF) supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of commercial pigs. Barrows (21 d of age) were randomly allotted to experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the study: noninfected pigs received an ISF-devoid control diet (CON, n = 22) and infected pigs received either the control diet (PRRSV-CON, n = 20) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,500 mg/kg (PRRSV-ISF, n = 25). Pigs were penned by treatment, with six pigs within a pen. Following a 7-d adaptation, weanling pigs were inoculated once intranasally with either a sham-control (phosphate buffered saline [PBS]) or live PRRSV (1 × 105 tissue culture infective dose [TCID]50/mL, strain NADC20). Pigs were maintained on experimental diets for 166 d after inoculation and then slaughtered (192 or 194 d of age; approximately 120 kg body weight [BW]). At 1-d postmortem, left sides were separated between the 10th and 11th rib for the determination of loin eye area (LEA), backfat (BF) thickness, and loin quality (ultimate pH, instrumental color, drip loss, visual color, marbling, and firmness). Loin chops were aged 14 d postmortem prior to Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determination. Belly width, length, thickness, and flop distance were determined. Data were analyzed as a one-way ANOVA with pig as the experimental unit. Carcass yield, LEA, BF, and estimated lean percentage did not differ (P > 0.26) among treatments. Loins from CON pigs had increased ultimate pH (P = 0.01), reduced L* scores (P = 0.005) coupled with darker visual color scores (P = 0.004), were firmer (P < 0.0001), and exhibited reduced drip loss (P = 0.01) compared with PRRSV-CON and PRRSV-ISF pigs. However, WBSF did not differ (P = 0.51) among treatments after 14 d of aging. Bellies from CON pigs were more firm compared with bellies from PRRSV-CON and ISF pigs (P < 0.01). These data suggest PRRSV infection did not alter carcass characteristics but may have marginally reduced loin and belly quality. Supplementation with dietary soy isoflavones did nothing to mitigate the detrimental effects of PRRSV infection.

74 Effects of dietary soy isoflavone supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory virus

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and dietary soy isoflavone supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of commercial pigs. Barrows were randomly allotted to experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the study: non-infected pigs received an isoflavone-devoid control diet (NC, n = 22), and infected pigs received either the control diet (PC, n = 20) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,600 mg/kg (ISF, n = 25). Following a 7-d adaptation, weanling pigs were inoculated intranasally with either a sham-control (PBS) or live PRRSV (1×105 TCID50/mL, strain NADC20). At 1 d postmortem (192–194 days of age; approximately 120kg BW), left sides were separated between the 10th and 11th rib for determination of loin eye area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), and loin quality (ultimate pH, instrumental color, drip loss, visual color, marbling, and firmness). Loin chops were aged 14 d postmortem prior to Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determination. Belly width, length, thickness, and flop distance were determined. Data were analyzed as a one-way ANOVA with a model including effects of PRRSV status and dietary treatment, and also with single-df pre-determined contrasts to compare NC and PC (infection status) and PC and ISF (ISF effect within infected pigs). Carcass yield, LEA, BF, and estimated lean percentage did not differ (P &gt; 0.26) among treatments. Loins from NC pigs had increased ultimate pH (P = 0.01), reduced L* scores (P = 0.005) coupled with darker visual color scores (P = 0.004), were firmer (P &lt; 0.0001), and reduced drip loss (P = 0.01) compared with PC and ISF pigs. However, WBSF did not differ (P = 0.51) among treatments after 14 d of aging. Bellies from NC pigs were more firm compared with bellies from PC and ISF pigs (P &lt; 0.01). These data suggest PRRSV infection and soy isoflavone supplementation do not alter carcass characteristics but may marginally reduce loin and belly quality.

Acute Soy Supplementation Improves 20-km Time Trial Performance, Power, and Speed.

Isoflavones, a chemical class of phytoestrogens found in soybeans and soy products, may have biological functions similar to estradiol. After binding with ERβ or perhaps independently of estrogen receptors, isoflavones may augment vascular endothelial relaxation, contributing to improved limb blood flow. To determine if acute fermented soy extract supplementation influences 20-km time trial cycling performance and cardiac hemodynamics compared with a placebo. Subjects included 25 cyclists and triathletes (31 ± 8 yr, V˙O2peak: 55.1 ± 8.4 mL·kg·min). Each subject completed a V˙O2peak assessment, familiarization, and two 20-km time trials in randomized order after ingestion of a fermented soy extract supplement or placebo. The fermented soy extract consisted of 30 g powdered supplement in 16 fl. ounces of water. The placebo contained the same quantities of organic cocoa powder and water. Each trial consisted of 60 min of rest, 30 min at 55% Wpeak, and a self-paced 20-km time trial. Soy supplementation elicited a faster time to 20-km completion (-0.22 ± 0.51 min; -13 s), lower average HR (-5 ± 7 bpm), and significantly greater power (7 ± 3 W) and speed (0.42 ± 0.16 km·h) during the last 5 km of the time trial compared with placebo. Analysis of the results by relative fitness level (<57 vs ≥ 57 mL⋅kg⋅min) indicated that those with a higher level of fitness reaped the largest performance improvement alongside a reduced HR (-5 ± 7 bpm). Ingestion of a fermented soy extract supplement improved sprint-distance performance through improvements in both power and speed. For those with great aerobic fitness, soy supplementation may help to decrease cardiac demand alongside performance improvement.

Soy Isoflavone Supplementation Increases Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 (LINE-1) Methylation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Aim: Soy isoflavones have been suggested as epigenetic modulating agents with effects that could be important in carcinogenesis. Hypomethylation of LINE-1 has been associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development from oral premalignant lesions and with poor prognosis. To determine if neoadjuvant soy isoflavone supplementation could modulate LINE-1 methylation in HNSCC, we undertook a clinical trial.Methods: Thirty-nine patients received 2–3 weeks of soy isoflavone supplements (300 mg/day) orally prior to surgery. Methylation of LINE-1, and 6 other genes was measured by pyrosequencing in biopsy, resection, and whole blood (WB) specimens. Changes in methylation were tested using paired t tests and ANOVA. Median follow up was 45 months.Results: LINE-1 methylation increased significantly after soy isoflavone (P < 0.005). Amount of change correlated positively with days of isoflavone taken (P = 0.04). Similar changes were not seen in corresponding WB samples. No significant changes in tumor or blood methylation levels were seen in the other candidate genes.Conclusion: This is the first demonstration of in vivo increases in tissue-specific global methylation associated with soy isoflavone intake in patients with HNSCC. Prior associations of LINE-1 hypomethylation with genetic instability, carcinogenesis, and prognosis suggest that soy isoflavones maybe potential chemopreventive agents in HNSCC.

Effect of dietary soy isoflavones on bone loss in ovariectomized rats

Purpose : To determine the effect of dietary soy isoflavone supplementation on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods : Forty-eight rats were assigned randomly to groups of OVX rats receiving soy isoflavones (20, 30, or 40 mg/kg of body weight daily), untreated OVX rats, or untreated intact rats. After 8 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD), mineral (Ca, P, Mn, Mg, and Zn) concentrations, and the expression of osteoblast-related genes were measured in femur tissue samples. Results : Eight weeks after OVX, there was a significant decrease in body weight, serum levels of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and oestradiol, BMD and mineral elements, as well as the expressions of Ctnnb1, Runx2, and Sp7 (all p < 0.05). These decreases were accompanied by reduced maximum load capacity of lumbar vertebrae. Daily supplementation with soy isoflavones dosedependently ameliorated these effects (all p < 0.05). Western blotting revealed that these effects were likely due to the reversal of the OVX-induced decrease in Notch1 proteins in bone and muscle. Conclusion : Soy isoflavone treatment represents a potential therapy for preventing postmenopausal bone loss by stimulating the Notch signalling. Keywords : Mineral elements, Alkaline phosphatase, Isoflavones, Bone loss, Notch pathway

Soy supplementation: Impact on gene expression in different tissues of ovariectomized rats and evaluation of the rat model to predict (post)menopausal health effect.

This toxicogenomic study was conducted to predict (post)menopausal human health effects of commercial soy supplementation using ovariectomized rats as a model. Different target tissues (i.e. breast, uterus and sternum) and non-target tissues (i.e. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), adipose and liver) of ovariectomized F344 rats exposed to a commercially available soy supplement for eight weeks, were investigated. Changes in gene expression in these tissues were analysed using whole-genome microarray analysis. No correlation in changes in gene expression were observed among different tissues, indicating tissue specific effects of soy isoflavone supplementation. Out of 87 well-established estrogen responsive genes (ERGs), only 19 were found to be significantly regulated (p < 0.05) in different tissues, particularly in liver, adipose and uterus tissues. Surprisingly, no ERGs were significantly regulated in estrogen sensitive breast and sternum tissues. The changes in gene expression in PBMC and adipose tissue in rats were compared with those in (post)menopausal female volunteers who received the same supplement in a similar oral dose and exposure duration in human intervention studies. No correlation in changes in gene expression between rats and humans was observed. Although receiving a similar dose, in humans the plasma levels expressed as total free aglycones were several folds higher than in the rat. Therefore, the overall results in young ovariectomized female F344 rats indicated that using rat transcriptomic data does not provide a suitable model for human risk or benefit analysis of soy isoflavone supplementation.

The Effect of Daily Soy Isoflavone Supplementation for One Year on Endogenous Steroid Metabolism in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Isoflavones are soy phytoestrogens that have been shown to exert hormonal effects and suggested to be anticarcinogenic. Few studies have investigated long‐term soy isoflavone supplementation on endogenous estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women. A random subset of samples was selected from the original randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled 2‐year trial of daily supplementation with 80 or 120 mg hypocotyl isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women (OPUS trial). Thirty‐eight women (age 41–61y, 95% Caucasian, 0 mg/d placebo group: n=12; 80 mg/d group: n=13, 120 mg/d group: n=12). Each isoflavone tablet had an average content of 34.10 mg aglycone equivalent of total isoflavones (daizein: 22.01 mg, glycitein, 13.54 mg; genistein: 5.00 mg). Serum and urine samples from baseline and after 1year, were analyzed for serum isoflavone metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) – mass spectrometry (MS) and urine steroid metabolites by an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method. Serum concentrations of daidzein, dihydrodaidzein, and O‐desmethylangolensin (O‐DMA) were significantly increased from baseline after 1 year supplementation of both 80 mg and 120 mg isoflavones (p&lt;0.04 for all). The increase of O‐DMA also had a significant dose‐response effect in the 120 mg/d group compared to 80 mg/d group (p&lt;0.05), which validated the study compliance. 28% participants in the supplementation groups were equol producers. Urine concentrations of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were significantly increased (p=0.05 and p=0.02) by 120mg isoflavone supplementation compared to baseline. The change of E2 in the 120mg group was significantly correlated with the change of serum dihydrodaidzein (r=0.69, p=0.01). The concentrations of other endogenous steroids, including estrogen metabolites and the ratio of 2‐OH E1/16α‐OH E1 were not changed in both 80 mg/d and 120 mg/d groups. In conclusion, 1‐year daily supplementation of 120 mg isoflavones increased urine E1 and E2 concentrations, but did not affect the appearance of potential carcinogenic or anticarcinogenic estrogen metabolites. Our findings suggest daily soy hypocotyl isoflavone supplementation for one year has minimal effect on endogenous steroid metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women.Support or Funding InformationFunding from UC Davis Department of Nutrition unrestricted research funds (Steinberg)

The Effect of Soy Isoflavones on the Menopause Rating Scale Scoring in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study.

Menopause is associated with many unpleasant symptoms which vary in different phases of menopausal transition. Although, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is considered the most effective mode of treatment for these symptoms, its use is associated with increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events. Soy isoflavones are being widely used as a safer alternative to HRT, even though scientific evidence of their efficacy is poor or lacking. To study the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on the menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. An observational pilot study was done involving 29 perimenopausal and 21 postmenopausal women prescribed 100 mg soy isoflavones for 12 weeks. Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire was administered to the patients before starting soy isoflavone therapy and at the end of treatment. Responses were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software 23.0. Total score of both the groups were comparable at baseline. Among perimenopausal women highest score was given to symptoms of psychological domain. Urogenital symptoms were the worst among postmenopausal women. After 12 weeks of treatment, total scores improved significantly by 19.55% and 12.62% in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women respectively. The greatest improvement was seen in scores of hot flashes for both the groups and the least improvement was shown by symptoms of urogenital subscale. Soy isoflavone improves the MRS score among both the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. As they are most effective for somatic and psychological symptoms, their use could be beneficial during perimenopause.

Soy isoflavone supplementation improves longitudinal bone growth and bone quality in growing female rats

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soy isoflavone on tibia length, bone mineral density (BMD), and structural parameters in growing female rats. MethodsThree-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: control (CON: distilled water gavage); low-dose isoflavone (low-IF: 10 mg/kg body weight [BW]/d gavage); high-dose isoflavone (high-IF: 50 mg/kg BW/d gavage); and 17 β-estradiol (E2: subcutaneous injection of 10 μg). All animals received a soy-free diet and vaginal opening was monitored daily. After an 8-wk treatment period, bone-related parameters (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], osteocalcin [OC], N-terminal telopeptide [NTx], bone length, failure load, stiffness, BMD, and structural parameters) were analyzed. ResultsSerum ALP levels of the high-IF group were higher than those of the CON group (P < 0.05); however, serum OC levels of the high-IF group were lower than those of the CON, low-IF, and E2 groups (P < 0.05). The tibias and femurs of the low-IF group were longer than those of the CON and high-IF groups (P < 0.05). Bone volume, trabecular number, and BMD of trabecular bone of the high-IF and E2 groups were higher than those of the CON and low-IF groups (P < 0.05). The trabecular thickness of the high-IF group was higher than that of the CON and low-IF groups (P < 0.05). The failure load of the high-IF group was higher than those of the CON group (P < 0.05). Age and body weight at vaginal opening of the E2 group were significantly lower than those of the CON, low-IF, and high-IF groups (P < 0.05). ConclusionsThis study suggests that 8 wk of low-dose supplementation with soy isoflavone stimulates longitudinal bone growth. Additionally, high-dose supplementation with soy isoflavone may improve bone quality (BMD and structural parameters) in growing female rats.

Bioavailability of isoflavones from soy products in equol producers and non-producers in Japanese women

BackgroundThe estimated intake of soy isoflavones from a meal has been based on the content in a food, but the health effects of soy isoflavones are possibly affected by their bioavailability. In this study we have evaluated the isoflavone bioavailability after the intake of three kinds of soy foods and a commercial soy isoflavone supplement, and examined whether the isoflavone bioavailability is different between equol producers and non-producers. MethodsHealthy female subjects (n = 20; 9 equol producers, 11 equol non-producers) aged between 20 and 26 y participated in this study. To assess the bioavailability of isoflavones, equol producers and non-producers consumed three kinds of soy foods (tofu, fermented soybeans: natto in Japanese, soy milk) and a soy isoflavone supplement containing 75 mg isoflavones together with breakfast. Urine was collected for 24 h, and the amounts of urinary excretions of daidzein, genistein, and the metabolite equol were measured. The intra- and inter-individual variations in the bioavailability of isoflavones were also examined. ResultsThe bioavailability of daidzein following the consumption of tofu, natto, soy milk, and soy isoflavone supplement were 66.9%, 45.2%, 65.7%, and 57.9%, respectively, and the bioavailability of genistein following the consumption of these soy products were 33.7%, 24.4%, 31.2%, and 17.7%, respectively. The bioavailability of daidzein and genistein was significantly greater in equol non-producers than equol producers, especially following the consumption of soymilk. In the equol producers, the 24 h urinary excretion of equol was significantly greater after the intake of soy isoflavone supplement than after the intake of natto or soymilk. The analysis of relative reliability of intra- and inter-individual variations suggested that bioavailability of isoflavones is less variable following soymilk intake than soy isoflavone supplement. ConclusionsThe results in this study suggest that bioavailability of isoflavones are different between equol producers and non-producers, because the 24 h urinary excretion of equol in the equol producers were significantly lower than those in the equol non-producers.

Abstract 3114: Soy isoflavones modulate global methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)

Abstract Soy intake has been associated with improved survival in HNSCC and soy isoflavones have been suggested as potential chemopreventive agents with a favorable therapeutic index and safety profile. Multiple in vivo and in vitro anti-cancer effects have been postulated including modulation of gene methylation. To determine if high dose soy isoflavone treatment changes methylation of genes associated with cancer outcomes, we measured genomic and gene-specific methylation in tumor tissue collected as a part of a multi-institutional neoadjuvant soy isoflavone clinical trial in HNSCC patients undergoing definitive surgical management. Methods: Thirty-nine patients participated in this clinical trial. Patients were scheduled to receive 2 weeks (range 7-39 days, median = 15.2) of soy isoflavone supplements (300 mg/day G-2535; DCP, NCI, NIH) orally prior to surgery. Levels of methylation of LINE-1 (global methylation), and 6 other candidate genes previously associated with HNSCC (p16, DCC, NDN, CD1a, CCNA1 and Gadd45α) were measured by pyrosequencing in biopsy, resection and whole blood specimens. Twelve patients were stage I/II, 27 were stage III/IV. Thirty one patients had cancer of the oral cavity, 4 had larynx and 4 had oropharynx cancer. Mean age of the patients was 60.1 (sd = 12.5). Changes in methylation were tested using paired t-tests and clinical associations explored using ANOVA. Results: LINE-1 methylation increased significantly (mean increase 4.9%; range -34.8% to +20.9%) in tumor specimens after soy isoflavone (p&amp;lt;0.005). Amount of change correlated positively with days of isoflavone taken (p = .009). Increases in LINE-1 methylation in tumor were greatest in patients with normal BMI (p&amp;lt;0.03). Similar changes for LINE-1 were not seen in corresponding whole blood samples. No other significant changes in tumor or blood methylation levels were seen in the other candidate genes. Baseline tumor methylation and change in methylation were also studied with respect to nutrition (BMI), drinking, tumor site, tumor stage, nodal status and prior treatment. Baseline CD1a methylation was lowest in current smokers (p&amp;lt;0.04) and increases in CD1a after soy intake were associated with increasing pack years (p&amp;lt;0.02). CD1a methylation was also higher in patients with T1,2 tumors (p&amp;lt;0.03). Pretreatment NDN methylation was lower (p&amp;lt;.008) and LINE-1 higher (p&amp;lt;0.0001) in oral cavity cancer compared to oropharynx or larynx cancers. Toxicity from soy isoflavones was negligible and patient compliance was excellent. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of significant increases in tissue-specific global methylation associated with soy isoflavone intake, indicating increased genomic stability. The association of hypomethylation of LINE-1 with genetic instability, carcinogenesis and poor treatment outcomes suggests that soy isoflavones should be studied further as a potential chemopreventive agent in HNSCC. Citation Format: Laura Rozek, Shama Virani, Emily Bellile, Jeremy Taylor, Maureen Sartor, Alisha Virani, Katie Rentschler, Claire Cote, Francis Worden, Lisa Peterson, Douglas Chepeha, Mark Prince, Scott McLean, George Yoo, Neil F. Saba, Dong M. Shin, Omer Kucuk, Gregory T. Wolf. Soy isoflavones modulate global methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3114.

Selective Diets for Dementia Disorders

The global incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is ever-increasing and all current therapies, when effective, remain only symptomatic. Diet, including fruit and vegetable juicing, nutritional supplements, and ketogenic supplements have been found to improve the condition of subjects presenting neurodegenerative disorders. Under various conditions, it is becoming increasing evident that a Mediterranean-type diet supplemented by olive oil and several different forms of physical exercise may improve global cognition. This type of selective diet that has been combined to be augmented by olive oil and soy isoflavone supplements is linked to potential improve memory and learning, as well as several other necessary daily activities, and several biomarkers of brain health and function. There is an ever-growing trend towards guidelines promoting a greater consumption of plant foodbased dietary patterns combined with limitations upon the consumption of animal-based food and a plethora of more-or-less specific guidelines have been formulated. Individual-centered strategies that combine interventions to improve physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning may offer improvements to lifestyle (e.g., change in diet) that promote cognitive health in the oldest-old.

Effect of a Soy Isoflavone Supplement on Lung Function and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Poorly Controlled Asthma: A Randomized Clinical Trial

A number of studies have suggested a potential role for dietary factors as modifiers of asthma severity. This study assessed whether a soy isoflavone supplement improves asthma control in patients with poorly controlled asthma.Three hundred eighty-six subjects ≥12 years old with symptomatic, poorly controlled asthma were enrolled from 19 adult and pediatric pulmonary and allergy centers in the American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers network.In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects were randomized (1:1) to receive either a soy isoflavone supplement or placebo twice daily for 6 months. The primary outcome measure was forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Secondary outcomes included the Asthma Control Test score, the Asthma Symptoms Utility Index, and the Marx Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire or Children’s Health Survey for Asthma for participants aged 12 to 16 years. Other outcomes included peak expiratory flow, symptom-free days, and rates of episodes of poor asthma control. Exhaled nitric oxide, peripheral blood eosinophil count, serum interleukin-6, serum C-reactive protein, urinary leukotriene E4, and quantification of total blood genistein level were also assessed.Mean changes in prebronchodilator FEV1 over 6 months were not significantly different between the placebo group (0.03 L, 95% confidence interval: –0.01 to 0.08 L) and the soy isoflavone group (0.01 L; 95% confidence interval: –0.07 to 0.07 L). No differences were observed for the other parameters measures when the placebo group was compared with the soy isoflavone group. Mean plasma genistein level increased from 4.87 to 37.67 ng/mL (P < .001) in participants receiving the supplement.In this study of adolescent and adult patients with poorly controlled asthma, use of a soy isoflavone supplement did not result in improved lung function or clinical outcomes compared with placebo.The authors had previously shown a relationship between dietary intake of the soy isoflavone genistein and improvement in FEV1 in a cross-sectional analysis of participants with varying asthma severity enrolled in a multicenter clinical trial. However, the results of this study do not support the use of soy isoflavone supplementation for patients with poorly controlled asthma. This highlights the limitations of cross-sectional, population-based studies of dietary nutrient intake and the use of surrogate markers of disease to predict clinically relevant outcomes in interventional studies for asthma.

A novel UHPLC method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of daidzein, genistein and equol in human urine.

This work reports on a novel method involving reverse-phased ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) plus a spectrophotometric photodiode array/fluorescence (FLR) detection system for determining the concentration of equol and major soy isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) in human urine. The proposed method was validated in terms of its linearity, sensitivity, accuracy (recovery) and precision (intra- and inter-day repeatability). The isoflavone profiles of urine samples from a group of menopausal women following oral soy isoflavone supplementation were determined and compared. Screening for equol-producer status was accomplished with high sensitivity (detection limit of the FLR detector 2.93nM). The method involves a short chromatographic run time compared to conventional HPLC methods while allowing for the simultaneous and reliable quantification of daidzein, genistein and equol in human urine. It also allows for the rapid screening of multiple urine samples when testing for equol production status and checking patient adherence to isoflavone treatment regimens.

Soy isoflavone supplements of no benefit in patients with poorly controlled asthma

Soy isoflavone supplements of no benefit in patients with poorly controlled asthma

Effect of a Soy Isoflavone Supplement on Lung Function and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Poorly Controlled Asthma

Soy isoflavone supplements are used to treat several chronic diseases, although the data supporting their use are limited. Some data suggest that supplementation with soy isoflavone may be an effective treatment for patients with poor asthma control. To determine whether a soy isoflavone supplement improves asthma control in adolescent and adult patients with poorly controlled disease. Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between May 2010 and August 2012 at 19 adult and pediatric pulmonary and allergy centers in the American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers network. Three hundred eighty-six adults and children aged 12 years or older with symptomatic asthma while taking a controller medicine and low dietary soy intake were randomized, and 345 (89%) completed spirometry at week 24. Participants were randomly assigned to receive soy isoflavone supplement containing 100 mg of total isoflavones (n=193) or matching placebo (n=193) in 2 divided doses administered daily for 24 weeks. The primary outcome measure was change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) at 24 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were symptoms, episodes of poor asthma control, Asthma Control Test score (range, 5-25; higher scores indicate better control), and systemic and airway biomarkers of inflammation. Mean changes in prebronchodilator FEV1 over 24 weeks were 0.03 L (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.08 L) in the placebo group and 0.01 L (95% CI, -0.07 to 0.07 L) in the soy isoflavone group, which were not significantly different (P = .36). Mean changes in symptom scores on the Asthma Control Test (placebo, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.42-2.54] vs soy isoflavones, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.53-2.87]; positive values indicate a reduction in symptoms), number of episodes of poor asthma control (placebo, 3.3 [95% CI, 2.7-4.1] vs soy isoflavones, 3.0 [95% CI, 2.4-3.7]), and changes in exhaled nitric oxide (placebo, -3.48 ppb [95% CI, -5.99 to -0.97 ppb] vs soy isoflavones, 1.39 ppb [95% CI, -1.73 to 4.51 ppb]) did not significantly improve more with the soy isoflavone supplement than with placebo. Mean plasma genistein level increased from 4.87 ng/mL to 37.67 ng/mL (P < .001) in participants receiving the supplement. Among adults and children aged 12 years or older with poorly controlled asthma while taking a controller medication, use of a soy isoflavone supplement, compared with placebo, did not result in improved lung function or clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that this supplement should not be used for patients with poorly controlled asthma. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01052116.

Dietary soy isoflavone attenuated growth performance and intestinal barrier functions in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide

This study was conducted to investigate the protective roles of soy isoflavone in weaned pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 72 weaned piglets (14 days of age) were randomly allotted into either 0 (control group) or 40 mg/kg soy isoflavone (ISO) supplementation group. On days 7 and 14, half of the pigs in each group were challenged with LPS. Soy isoflavone increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of piglets challenged with LPS at days 7-14 (P<0.05). The incidence of diarrhea and plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endotoxin in piglets from LPS group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Soy isoflavone reduced the incidence of diarrhea and plasma concentrations of endotoxin in piglets challenged with LPS (P<0.05). LPS challenge decreased (P<0.05) mRNA abundances of β-defensin 2 (pBD-2), mucin (MUC-4), zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), and occludin in jejunal mucosa of piglets, and soy isoflavone upregulated (P<0.05) mRNA abundances of ZO-1 and occludin in jejunal mucosa of piglets challenged with LPS. The present results demonstrated that both p38 and TLR4 pathways in jejunal mucosa of piglets were activated by LPS challenge (P<0.05), and soy isoflavone reduced their activations (P<0.05). Collectively, our results suggested that supplementation of soy isoflavone could partly attenuate the barrier-damaged effects of LPS and improve the intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets, at least partially by inhibiting activations of p38 and TLR4 dependent pathways induced by LPS. This study provides a potential usage of soy isoflavone for alleviating intestinal barrier damages of neonates and piglets.

Metabolic Syndrome and Hepatic Steatosis is Reduced in C57BL/6J Mice Fed High‐fat Diets Supplemented with Soy Isoflavones

&lt;a name=“OLE_LINK14”&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=“OLE_LINK13”&gt;The effect of soy isoflavones on metabolic syndrome and hepatic lipid metabolism was investigated in male &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=“OLE_LINK41”&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=”OLE_LINK40”&gt;C57BL/6J&lt;/a&gt; mice fed a high‐fat diet (HF), and HF plus soy isoflavone supplement Novasoy (NS, 0.2%, w/w) diet for 10 weeks. Compared to HF, NS‐fed mice, despite no changes in food intake, had reduced percent weight gain over ten weeks (37±2.2% vs. 45±2.4%), reduced blood glucose levels (276±49 vs. 352±55 vs. mg/dL), reduced serum resistin (4.20±0.68 vs. 5.95±0.46 pg/mL), and reduced leptin (10.5 ±1.89 vs. 21.9±1.25 pg/mL (all p&lt;0.05). In addition, NS consumption prevented hepatic lipid accumulation as determined by histological analyses. Hepatic gene expression was measured and confirmed that intake of NS up‐regulated mRNA levels related to hepatic lipid oxidation, including ACOX‐1 and CPT1‐α. We followed these findings with an in vitro study in which HepG2 cells were induced to accumulate intracellular lipid by exposure to oleic acid followed by treatment with the isoflavone genistein. Genistein treatment at 5μmol/L ameliorated relative intracellular lipid accumulated as measured by oil red O staining (1.0 ± 0.09 vs. 0.85 ± 0.01, p&lt;0.05). We conclude that soy isoflavones have potential to act as an agent to ameliorate symptoms of metabolic syndrome and steatohepatitis.