Southern Outskirts Research Articles

The Theme of the East in the Society of Marxist Historians in the Second Half of the 1920s – Early 1930s

Introduction. Oriental studies was not the leading direction in the activities of the society of Marxist historians (the second half of the 1920s – early 1930s), but it played a significant role in bringing this field of knowledge closer to the practical needs of the current policy of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Comintern. Methods and materials. The research is based on traditional methods of historiographical analysis. It uses materials from historical journals of the 1920s and 1930s and archival documents. Analysis. Reports at general meetings of the Society and the History of the East section and publications in the journal “Historian-Marxist” focused on the problems of the history of the national liberation movement in colonial and dependent countries, the policy of tsarist Russia on the southern outskirts of the empire, and socialist transformations in the national republics of the USSR. If in the early years the most influential were the well-known Marxist orientalists M.P. Pavlovich, V.A. Gurko-Kryazhin, and I.M. Reisner, then in the subsequent period Oriental historians who did not have serious scientific authority but firmly adhered to the class approach occupied the leading positions in the society. After the All-Union Conference of Marxist Historians, they focused their attention on criticizing the “old bourgeois schools” in Oriental history and “exposing pseudo-Marxism in their own ranks.” Results. However, they could achieve results in solving only the second task, using, first, discussions about socio-economic formations, about the situation and tasks at the front of the study of the East, and about the non-Marxism of Gurko-Kryazhin’s historical views. The ideological turn of the mid-1930s largely devalued the importance of the research of this generation of Marxist Orientalists, and the authorities recognized the achievements of representatives of academic Oriental studies.

How to integrate youth in regional sustainability transformation processes: Tools, structures, and effects

This study examines young people’s involvement in regional sustainability transformation processes based on a real-world experiment in a community of 5700 inhabitants on the southern outskirts of city of Vienna, Austria. The eight-month experiment aimed to explore methods and tools for transdisciplinary co-creation with youth, the impact of structural conditions on their participation and the effects of their integration. Findings highlight the crucial roles of topics relevant to youth, a trusted intermediary like a youth worker, and structural conditions such as political support and resource allocation in enhancing youth engagement success. Collaborative decision making with policymakers and direct communication were also key to effective participation. The real-world experiment laid the groundwork for future participatory methods and had an impact on youth–community relations. It affirmed the role of youth in regional development, with effects that extended beyond the immediate scope of the experiment in terms of time, space, and topic.

Contribution of the Lower-Middle Jurassic source rocks in petroleum potential of the Jurassic-Cretaceous series within the central part of West Siberia

In this paper, based on a geochemical study of rock samples and fluids, it is proven that carbon-bearing deposits of the Lower and Middle Jurassic complex of Western Siberia on the southern outskirts of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug can generate liquid hydrocarbons. It has been established that the oil-generation potential of carbon-bearing deposits depends on the paleogeographic conditions of burial of the organic matter and the enrichment of rocks with macerals of the liptinite group. The complex of studies included pyrolysis of coals, coal-rich shale of Lower and Middle Jurassic rocks, study of maceral composition and measurement of reflectivity indicators, hydrocarbon and isotopic composition of extracts from rocks, as well as study of the composition of oils from the studied area, selected both within the Jurassic and Cretaceous complexes. The studied area is located in the Frolov megadepression and the South Nadym megamonoclise. The result of the research was the identification of significant geochemical characteristics of an additional source of hydrocarbons – coals, coal-rich shale of the Lower and Middle Jurassic, which had not previously been proven on the studied area, the contribution of which to the formation of oil and gas potential was confirmed by the correlation of hydrocarbon and isotopic characteristics of fluids and extracts from source rocks. Сluster and the principal component analysis were used for genetic correlation of extracts and oils. The conclusions obtained from geochemical studies suggest the possible prospects of Lower and Middle Jurassic deposits from the point of view of detecting hydrocarbon accumulations.

THE USE OF THE EUNIS CLASSIFICATION APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF A PORT OLVIA (MYKOLAIV CITY) TECHNOTOPE

The article arrange for the pre-war characteristics of microphytocenoses in the Southern outskirts of the Mykolaiv city. In assessing the territory adjacent to the Olvia port, classification approaches of the EUNIS were used. The EUNIS habitat classificat

Mapping Urban Water Balance to support the integrated design of water cycles in the peri-urban areas

The paper tests the effectiveness of a methodology used to analyze the water element in the urban context, in supporting design choices oriented toward sustainable water management. In particular, it presents a mapping technique of the variables used for calculating the UWB (Urban Water Balance) using the open data available for Milan. The methodology is applied to a peri-urban area of the city’s southern outskirts, the Corvetto/Chiaravalle district. The availability of the data has allowed identifying the minimum spatial area on which to carry out a balance of water flows using open-source GIS in the census block (CB). The methodology’s effectiveness in supporting the design choices was verified on two specific census blocks, the first representing the diffuse residential built area, the second an existing farmhouse no longer productive with residential functions. The main design strategy’s goal was to reduce water withdrawal from the aqueduct and reuse part of the outgoing water to limit the discharge into the sewage system as much as possible.

Optimized landfill site selection for municipal solid waste by integrating GIS and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique, Hossana town, southern Ethiopia

Improper solid waste disposal has remained the major bottleneck for the socio-economic development particularly in urban and peri-urban areas of Ethiopia. This study was conducted with the prime aim of identifying an optimum municipal solid waste (MSW) management option subsequently selecting the best landfill site in Hossana town using integrated geographical information systems (GIS) and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. Accordingly, GIS integrated with MCDA was used to analyze the relative weight of each criterion and the overall suitability map where ten criteria were considered within their respective constraints. To create a landfill suitability index, environmental and socioeconomic factors such as distance from settlement, land use and land cover, lineament, slope, road, and wind direction/aspect were weighted. Population growth, waste generation rate, and waste volume/year were used to calculate the required landfill size. The study finding revealed that the town's MSW generation rate was 0.45 kg/cap/day, which was within the range of most of Ethiopian urban areas. On the other hand, the total daily and annual MSW generation was found to be 79.58 and 29,047 tonnes, respectively. Moreover, the study's findings revealed that 20.8 % of the solid waste was found was recyclable and the remaining 79.20 % was non-recyclable. Considering the future trend of waste generation, 19 ha of land in the city's Northern and Southern outskirts was chosen as a candidate landfill site with all the necessary suitability analysis. Therefore, optimized landfill site selection and better management system of MSW in urban and peri-urban areas could be achieved by the conjunctive application of MCDA and GIS.

Discovery of A Large-scale Bent Radio Jet in the Merging Cluster A514

We report a discovery of a large-scale bent radio jet in the merging galaxy cluster A514 (z = 0.071). The radio emission originates from the two radio lobes of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) located near the center of the southern subcluster and extends toward the southern outskirts with multiple bends. Its peculiar morphology is characterized by a 400 kpc “bridge,” a 300 kpc “arc,” and a 400 kpc “tail,” which together contribute to its largest linear size of ∼0.7 Mpc. We find that both the flux and spectral features of the emission change with the distance from the AGN. Also, the “bridge” presents a 60% polarized radio emission, which coincided with an X-ray cold front. Based on our multiwavelength observations, we propose that A514 presents a clear case for the redistribution of an old AGN plasma due to merger-driven gas motions. We support our interpretation with idealized cluster merger simulations employing a passive tracer field to represent cosmic-ray electrons and find that merger-driven motions can efficiently create a cloud of these particles in the cluster outskirts, which later can be reaccelerated by the cluster merger shock and produce radio relics.

ОРНІТОФАУНА СЕЛА СОЛОНКА НА ЛЬВІВЩИНІ: АНАЛІЗ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕНЬ ЗА 2010–2023 РОКИ

This article analyzes the avifauna species in Solonka village, a distinct area situated on Povitriana Street, located on the southern outskirts of Lviv city. Data on bird species diversity were collected throughout different seasons from 2010 to 2023. Over this period, a total of 63 bird species were observed. Between 2010 and 2016, there were 46 nesting species. Anthropogenic factors significantly influence the species diversity and population of birds in Solonka village. Gardens, summer cottages, areas adorned with fruit trees, sewage treatment plants, and ornamental plantings near houses provide birds with food, shelter, and nesting opportunities. The primary causes of mortality among both young and adult birds each year are the presence of a large number of stray cats and dogs. During the winter months, local residents actively feed passerine birds. Additionally, each year, some nests and chicks are unintentionally disturbed by children and teenagers. The avian population in the area is predominantly composed of small birds that inhabit trees and shrubs. From 2022 to 2023, we observed birds belonging to six orders: Ancerinae (Anseriformes), Falconidae (Falconiiformes), Galliformes (Galliformes), Columbidae (Columbiformes), Woodpeckers (Piciformes), Old world sparroews (Passeriformes). In 2021, The Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garrulous Linnaeus, 1758) were observed. They were registered in separate winters. In the winter of 2022, for the first time during 13 years of observations, the marsh tit (P. palustris Linnaeus, 1758), the crested tit (P. cristatus Linnaeus, 1758), the common redpoll (Acanthis flammea Linnaeus, 1758) and the short-toed brachydactyla (C. brachydactyla Brehm, 1820) and the falcon (Falconidae). Martins and terns (Laridae), the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis Linnaeus, 1758), and gray heron (Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758) regularly visit reservoirs in the vicinity of Solonka village. The listed species do not nest here. The common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus Linnaeus, 1758) and Eurasian coots (Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758) nest in the ponds every year. There are known cases of mallard nesting. After 2010 jackdaws and owls stopped nesting on the surveyed territory.
 The migration route of the gray crane (Grus grus Linnaeus, 1758) and the white stork (Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus, 1758) passes through the territory of Solonka village, where these birds are regularly observed during both autumn and spring migrations.
 In general, the number of bird species observed in the area of Solonka village is lower than that in the residential area of Lviv. In Lviv, a total of 84 bird species were recorded between 2006 and 2018. In contrast, our surveys in the Solonka village area have documented only 63 species of birds. This indicates a difference of 20 bird species between the two locations we studied. Our observations span the period from 2010 to 2023. 
 To put this into perspective, in 1994, Lviv was home to 197 bird species. This significant decrease in species diversity over the last three decades can be attributed to various factors, with one of the most prominent being the substantial transformation of biotopes.

Nikolaevo-Otradnoye II—A New Early and Middle Paleolithic Site in the Northeastern Azov Region

We describe materials from a new Paleolithic site, discovered in 2020 on the right bank of Mius estuary, near its confl uence with the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov, in the southern outskirts of the village of Nikolaevo-Otradnoye, which is in the Neklinovksky District of the Rostov Region. The clearing of a 10-meter-high river-bluff revealed a complex stratigraphy of subaqueous and subaerial Late and Middle Pleistocene rocks. Horizons with lithics and faunal remains were identifi ed. Cultural remains found in the coastal exposure and in the stratigraphic section belong to the Early and Middle Paleolithic. The early stage in the peopling of the Northeastern Azov and the Lower Don regions is documented by Early Paleolithic artifacts found in the subaqueous deposits of layers 5 and 6 (MIS 9–11, ~420– 270 ka BP). Heavil y waterworn patinated lithics include a core-shaped artifact, variou s types of side-scrapers, a scaled piece, fl akes, and chips. This complex is an informative addition to known complexes from the region, including contemporaneous ones. The most interesting is the Middle Paleolithic industry of layer 4 under the Kamenka (?) soil— layer 3, MIS 7. The toolkit consists of a diagonal side-scraper and a chip found in the section, as well as radial and Levallois cores, various side-scrapers, a par tly bifacial tool, spalls , and chips found in the denudation. Technological and typological criteria (primarily the Levallois technology) and the tentative date of non-waterworn patinated lithics make it possible to attribute them to the Early Middle Paleolithic of the southern Russian Plain. It is concluded that cultural remains of the Early Middle Paleolithic, dating to ~243–191 ka BP, have been found in the region for the fi rst time, fi lling the gap in the local Early Middle Paleolithic sequence. In adjacent regions, similar industries have been known since the late 1900s.

ZOROASTRIANISM: A SCHISM, TURAN'S SEPARATION FROM TENGRISM

The article is devoted to certain issues of the spread of Tengrism in Central Asia, the problem of religious schism, the separation of Zoroastrianism from the depths of Tengrism. The article focuses on the answers of Zarathushtra to the worldview questions of Bairi Akhun, it is shown that Zarathushtra in search of adherents of the new belief acts as the reformer, later this act was characterized by the prophetic co-religionists, his ten-year activity to promote his radically new ideas is perceived as heretical and schismatic. This led to the first religious war in ancient Turan. The composition of the participants in the battle for the belief, which took place on the southern outskirts of the Mary valley, was determined. On the basis of genetic data, the ethnic composition of the combatants was traced. It is concluded on the basis of the latest results of DNA studies of the inhabitants of the region that the Chionites, who, according to the conclusion of a number of leading historians, were Xiongnu, are actually proto-Xiongnu (Q). And this meant that since the Huns were Tengrians, the Chionites were early supporters of this belief. The religious war for belief was between the Tengrians and the Zoroastrians. It is concluded that Zarathushtra, who separated the new knowledge, came out of the depths of Tengrianism, observed some attributes of shamanism, was a Scythian by origin of an Asian branch of the R1a1a2b haplgroup.

Istoriya razvitiya zheleznyh dorog v Novorossijske (chast' 1)

The article is devoted to the history of railway communication in Novorossiysk. Special attention is paid to the controversial issues of the chronology of its development and the construction of railways in the Kuban. It started in the 1860s, when the railways approached the southern outskirts of the country, although at that time there was still an irreconcilable Caucasian war on the territory of the Kuban.

Magnetic susceptibility of the slope soils for predicting of agronomic characteristics

The article is related to the study of the localization of agronomic heterogeneities of the soil distributed on slopes. To study this important agricultural areas, we usedthe mathematical modeling of erosion processes and the survey of the magnetic susceptibility of the arable horizon of the soils. The experiment design includes the typical chernozemof the slope.The soil sampling was performed according to DSTU 4287:2004, determination of organic carbon content according to DSTU 4289:2004, and determination of statistical indicators using Statistica®. The visualization of the study results was carried out in the QGis software. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) was measured using a KLY-2 magnetometer. Modeling of soil erosion processes involved USLE universal soil loss equation. A 1:10,000 topographic map was adopted as the topographic basis. The research territory is the fields of the National Biotechnological University (V.V. Dokuchaev KhNAU) on the southern outskirts of the city of Kharkiv. The 70 soil samples were collected from the arable layer (horizon A). Due to the course of water erosion processes, a long-term soil washout and a widespread complex spatial complex of washed-out soils took place on the site, which is a typical case for eroded sloping lands of the Forest Steppe. In non-eroded watersheds (in the north-western direction), typical heavy loamy medium-humus chernozems are developed. Sampling was carried out using an irregular grid, the sampling density was about 5 samples per hectare.We detected that mathematical modeling of erosion processes can be used to predict the location of inhomogeneities in the agronomic properties of the ground cover of sloping lands. However, given the shortcomings of the main models of potential soil losses associated with the alternation of zones of erosion and deposition require to clarify and verify the obtained results. Hence, we propose to apply the statistical characteristics of the spatial distribution of values of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil. The most important parameters are the average values and coefficient of variation of MS.

MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SMALL RIVERS PROTECTION IN ZHYTOMYR POLISSYA

The article is devoted to the study of the complex problems of the preservation of small rivers. Three main aspects of the environmental impact associated with them are considered: disruption of the water balance, reduction of water quality, and reduction of biotic and landscape diversity in the river valley. The study aims to characterize the main types of human impact on the small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: determine the main types of anthropogenic impact on small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia; to determine the direct and indirect consequences of certain types of anthropogenic impact on small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia; develop proposals for algorithms for solving the problems of small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia.
 The article is based on the materials of the survey of the ecosystem structure of small rivers of Zhytomyr Polissia and its southern outskirts. Examples of the conservation plan for the catchment area of the «Gudyucha krynytsia» natural spring and the section of the Uzh River in the city center of Korosten are given. According to the results of the survey of the state of small rivers, we will summarize their main problems into three groups: low and unstable water flow, eutrophication and siltation, and degradation of river valley landscapes. The low filling of rivers with water and its unstable level is caused by the specifics of climate changes, natural mechanisms of water accumulation, distribution, and flow, and the activity of natural sources. Natural safeguards could weaken the problems of small rivers: swamp-forest complexes and natural springs near the sources of rivers, a high share of forest ecosystems of the upper part of the river basin, preservation of floodplain forests of the first floodplain terrace of the upper reaches and natural riparian forests and floodplain meadows of the lower reaches, as well as the integrity of the natural vegetation cover of most of the river valley. In order to stabilize the supply of water from natural sources to the river, the territories of their catchment should be transformed into objects of the nature reserve fund. When the spring is located within the boundaries of the settlement, it is advisable to grant it the status of a natural monument of local importance. When it is outside its borders, it should be given the status of a hydrological reserve.

Pinggiran Selatan Kota Banten: Investigasi Arkeologi Situs Lawang Abang

The growth of international trade in the sea lanes of Southeast Asia affects Banten’s progress in the economic and social fields. This research focuses on socio-religious aspects in the southern suburbs of Banten which have not been widely studied during the research season two decades ago. This research was conducted to explore the archaeological remains that still exist in the area. Archaeological investigations at the Lawang Abang site, near Kenari village on the southern outskirts of Banten city, have uncovered the brick and coral structures and the burial complex marked with Acehnese tombstones. With archaeological and historical approaches, surface data show the remains of religious monuments that are estimated from the second half of the 17th century to the beginning of the 19th century.

Локалізація військ Речі Посполитої на полі Хотинської битви 1621 року

The Battle of Khotyn in 1621 became an important event in the history of Europe. The study of the battlefield is an integral component for understanding its content and course, in particular, the localization of the troops of the opposing sides in the area. During the 19th and early 21st centuries researchers proposed about a dozen options for reconstruction of the battlefield, including placement of troops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Most of the reconstructions are schematic, which makes it impossible to make a clear reference to the environment and to fully reveal the course of the confrontation. By studying written, iconographic, archaeological sources, comparing topography and toponymy data, a new version of the reconstruction of the key part of the battlefield, occupied for the purpose of defense by Polish-Lithuanian troops and Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, is proposed. The location of the troops is plotted on a detailed topographical basis. The positions of the troops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are located on an area of about 4.5 km 2 within the boundaries of the modern Khotyn and on its southern outskirts. They consisted of the following parts: a camp of Polish-Lithuanian troops, separate advanced fortifications (a stone castle, a crossing bridge over the Dniester and a near bridge fortification, a brick church, the chances of Weyher, Lubomirski, Zyczewski, Denhoff and Lermont, the camp of lisowczyki), the military camp of Zaporozhian Host and the sections of the front occupied by the Cossacks. The informativeness of the sources is naturally more regarding the Polish-Lithuanian positions compared to the Cossack ones. The archaeological research should be a new step in the study of the field of the Khotyn Battle of 1621.

Comparative Floristic Studies of Island Hogs of the Southern Border of the <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> Range on the Territory of the East European Plain and the Southern Outskirts of the Ural Mountain Country

The article considers the natural relict forests of Pinus sylvestris L. within the southwestern boundary of the range at the junction of geomorphological areas and floristic areas within the Orenburg region. Relict plantings are characterized by high floral diversity and are subdivided on the basis of geobotanical studies into the following communities: grass-mossy pine forests; lichen pine forests; oak-lime pine forests; grass pine forests of depressions and hills Buzuluksky forest; grass pine forests of depressions; sparse woodlands at rock outcrops Karagai Pokrovsky forest. Adrianople, Bolotovsky, Aland island forests are represented by sparsely wooded rock outcrops with the presence of areas of depressions and hills grass pine forests. The revealed floristic differentiation between the studied forests is largely associated with isolation and remote location in a limited area in a region with increasing intensity of economic use over the past decades, as well as with the evolutionary processes of the formation of the Pinus sylvestris L. habitat. at the junction of two parts of the world of Europe and Asia, which are manifested in the features of the geomorphological structure and convergence of botanical and geographical zones.

Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century music notations

The conference ‘New perspectives in 15th- and 16th-century music notations’ took place from 4 to 7 May 2022 in Leuven, principally at a Premonstratensian abbey in beautiful surroundings at Heverlee, on the southern outskirts of Leuven. Around 40 delegates attended in person, many like myself enjoying their first such outing since before lockdown. Others participated virtually. Each day those of us physically present negotiated a historic spiral staircase to hear the papers, while outside geese honked and a heron kept a watchful eye. The gatehouse to the site now houses a hospitable brasserie, which was also the venue for an opening reception and a highly enjoyable conference dinner. The conference was quietly and efficiently led by Paul Kolb, supported by an international scientific committee, a local organizing committee and a committed team of helpers. The catalyst for the event was the 80th anniversary of the ‘landmark’ publication of Willi Apel’s The notation of polyphonic music, 900–1600. While the organizers saw it as still ‘the standard reference book for scholars interested in deciphering early polyphonic notations’, their wider aim was ‘to address a wide range of different perspectives that go beyond simply how the music should be transcribed’.

MeerKAT’s view of the bullet cluster 1E 0657-55.8

ABSTRACT The Bullet cluster (1E 0657-55.8) is a massive merging system at redshift z = 0.296, known to host a powerful radio halo and a relic. Here we present high fidelity MeerKAT L-band (0.9–1.7 GHz) observations of the Bullet cluster, where we trace a larger extent of both the halo and relic in comparison to previous studies. The size of the recovered halo is 1.6 Mpc × 1.3 Mpc and the largest linear size of the relic is ∼988 kpc. We detect a new decrement feature on the southern outskirts of the halo emission, where a region appears to have a lower surface brightness in comparison to its surroundings. The larger extension on the outskirts of the halo is faint, which suggests lower relativistic electron density or a weaker magnetic field. An in-band spectral index map of the halo reveals radial steepening towards the edges, likely due to synchrotron electron ageing. The integrated spectral index of the radio halo is 1.1 ± 0.2. We perform a radio−X-ray surface brightness point-to-point analysis, which reveals a linear correlation for the radio halo. This indicates that the halo emission is produced by primary re-acceleration mechanisms. Finally, we derive a radio Mach number of $\mathcal {M}_R$ = 4.6 ± 0.9 for the relic shock region, which is higher than the Mach number inferred by earlier analyses based on X-ray data. Discrepancies between radio and X-ray Mach numbers have been observed for multiple systems, studies suggest that this is due to various factors, including relic orientation.

The Magellanic Edges Survey – IV. Complex tidal debris in the SMC outskirts

ABSTRACT We use data from the Magellanic Edges Survey (MagES) in combination with Gaia EDR3 to study the extreme southern outskirts of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), focussing on a field at the eastern end of a long arm-like structure which wraps around the southern periphery of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Unlike the remainder of this structure, which is thought to be comprised of perturbed LMC disc material, the aggregate properties of the field indicate a clear connection with the SMC. We find evidence for two stellar populations in the field: one having properties consistent with the outskirts of the main SMC body, and the other significantly perturbed. The perturbed population is on average ∼0.2 dex more metal-rich, and is located ∼7 kpc in front of the dominant population with a total space velocity relative to the SMC centre of ∼230 km s−1 broadly in the direction of the LMC. We speculate on possible origins for this perturbed population, the most plausible of which is that it comprises debris from the inner SMC that has been recently tidally stripped by interactions with the LMC.

Earliest Occupation at Aşağı Pınar: Layer 7

Toward the end of the last Ice Age, the transition from hunting and gathering to a settled life based on food production was the first step in radical changes that would determine the history of humanity. A very dynamic process was experienced during the approximately 4,000 year-long period known as the Neolithic; as the main elements that determined the Neolithic lifestyle formed over time, the Neolithic geography also tended toward a continuous expansion. The earliest settlements in Eastern Thrace correspond to a process where it was culturally settled with all the rules of the Neolithic lifestyle, and these settlements expanded their geography to the Balkan Peninsula. As one of the earliest settlements in Eastern Thrace, Aşağı Pınar is located along the southern outskirts of the Istranca Mountains and the northern part of the Ergene Basin. The period of the first occupation in Aşağı Pınar has been dated to 6000-5750 BC. This period corresponds to the Late Neolithic/ Early Chalcolithic Period of the Anatolian timeline. This paper discusses the earliest settlement phase known as Layer 7 in Aşağı Pınar through its architectural features. This period represents the early stages of settled life in the Balkans, and this paper will emphasize the characteristics of the settlement in Aşağı Pınar and the general evaluations of life during this period.