Southern Governors Research Articles

Governance Standards and their Requirements in Private Palestinian Universities in the Southern Governorates and their Relationship to the Level of Performance

The study aimed to identify the governance standards and requirements in private Palestinian universities in light of the requirements for accreditation, quality and Palestinian classification of universities from the point of view of their employees and the relationship of which to the level of performance. The study was conducted in the universities of Palestine and Gaza. For collecting data, a questionnaire was designed based on previous studies related to university governance, the issue of governance, its principles, obstacles and stages of implementation. The questionnaire consisted of (42) items, covering the standards of governance in light of the requirements of accreditation, quality and requirements of the Palestinian classification of universities. The study population included the majority of workers, where the questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of (182) individuals. The study concluded that there was a positive relationship between the independent variables (governance standards, accreditation and quality requirements, and the Palestinian university classification) and the dependent variable represented by the performance of private Palestinian universities. The study recommended the need to develop a comprehensive and clear plan, either at the level of the higher education sector or Palestinian universities to spread and strengthen the culture of governance of Palestinian universities and to expedite the issuance of a governance guide for private Palestinian universities. A governance committee, at the level of the higher education sector or at the university level, should also be formed to follow up the implementation of governance standards at the universities and to make private Palestinian universities work on raising the level of practicing Governance principles.
 Keywords: governance, university governance standards, performance of private Palestinian universities.

Governance Standards and their Requirements in Private Palestinian Universities in the Southern Governorates and their Relationship to the Level of Performance

The study aimed to identify the governance standards and requirements in private Palestinian universities in light of the requirements for accreditation, quality and Palestinian classification of universities from the point of view of their employees and the relationship of which to the level of performance. The study was conducted in the universities of Palestine and Gaza. For collecting data, a questionnaire was designed based on previous studies related to university governance, the issue of governance, its principles, obstacles and stages of implementation. The questionnaire consisted of (42) items, covering the standards of governance in light of the requirements of accreditation, quality and requirements of the Palestinian classification of universities. The study population included the majority of workers, where the questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of (182) individuals. The study concluded that there was a positive relationship between the independent variables (governance standards, accreditation and quality requirements, and the Palestinian university classification) and the dependent variable represented by the performance of private Palestinian universities. The study recommended the need to develop a comprehensive and clear plan, either at the level of the higher education sector or Palestinian universities to spread and strengthen the culture of governance of Palestinian universities and to expedite the issuance of a governance guide for private Palestinian universities. A governance committee, at the level of the higher education sector or at the university level, should also be formed to follow up the implementation of governance standards at the universities and to make private Palestinian universities work on raising the level of practicing Governance principles.
 Keywords: governance, university governance standards, performance of private Palestinian universities.

Tunisian industrial policy, location and evolution of the industrial space of the interior regions

AbstractTunisia's industrial development policies have long been considered as a strategic axis that guarantees the economic development of different regions. The industrial policy has tried to achieve a better distribution of economic activities and to promote industrialization in the interior regions. This article studies the evolution of the industrial space of the interior regions of Tunisia. As it measured the concentration and the geographical specialization of economic activities, in connection with their further estimation on a temporal trend, using a common empirical framework that exploits an intermediate geographic level and manufacturing sectors. This approach yields evidence on the weakly diversified industrial structure of the interior and the southern governorates of Tunisia. It is proved, too, that the growth of the manufacturing industry is accompanied by huge inequalities between space units. Given the previously stated results, the industrial policies in the interior regions of Tunisia would be of considerable benefit if it solves the problem of the market and public policy failure. Thus, we strongly urge the establishment of new components of industrial policy.

The application of electronic management in the agricultural extension organization in Iraq

The application of electronic management in the agricultural extension organization in Iraq has been studied through four fields in the application, as the form included four item, namely: scientific recommendation, extension activities, agricultural employees, and administrative affairs, to enhancing the ability to implement electronic management in the agricultural extension organization. This research was executed in the province of Iraq. The provinces It was divided into four regions, which is next: Northern, Central, Middle Euphrates, and Southern governorates, 4,4,4,3, respectively, the study was carried out of 400 agricultural employees, the a proportional sample of 50% from the total respondents, which included 16 extension centers, 57 extension farms, the Agricultural Extension and Training Department Center, The descriptive approach was used to achieve the objects of the research about the electronic management of the extension organization in Iraq, the data was collected using the questionnaire, for analyzed the data use the (Frequency, and percentage). the results showed that the application of electronic management in the agricultural extension organization is Weak, and a few departments, divisions, extension centers and extension farms of the agricultural extension organization use electronic management in performing agricultural extension activities to communicate scientific recommendations to farmers and deal with agricultural employees in modern management. the recommended to use electronic management in the agricultural extension organization to save time and effort in communicating agricultural scientific guidelines quickly and communicating what is modern to farmers in developing agricultural production.

Analysis Of Constraints Of Tourism Institutions An Applied Study Of A Sample Of Hotels And Motels In Erbil In 2020

The development of tourism institutions, especially hotels and motels in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, aims at the flow of revenues to the region, as well as providing job opportunities for youth in these institutions, especially for graduates of tourism departments in colleges and universities. But there are internal and external obstacles to the tourism institutions to achieve these goals. The research reached a number of conclusions, including:                             Hotels and motels depend mainly on the experience of the owner, which is a hindrance to the development of the hotel or motel, by (120.3). The political situation in the region is an obstacle to the number of hotel and motel guests, especially in the central and southern governorates, and by (129.47%). In addition, the investment process does not encourage the expansion and development of hotels, motels and tourist villages, and by (127.53%). Administrative and security obstacles negatively affected the number of hotel guests, motels and tourist villages by (136.7%). Raise taxes by the provincial government, negatively affected hotels, motels and tourist villages, and by (143.97%). al crisis in the region, negatively affected the activity of hotels, motels and tourist villages, and by (142.03%).                                                             The research reached a number of proposals, including: The responsibility of the Tourism Authority in the Kurdistan Region is to deal with the long administrative routine and the duplication of governmental procedures in government institutions, especially for private tourism establishments such as hotels, motels, tourist villages, restaurants, etc. ease the administrative and security obstacles to the flow of tourists and increase the duration of their stay in the Kurdistan Region. 3- work to reduce taxes on private tourism institutions, and achieve tax justice among these tourism institutions. The Tourism Authority shall have the necessary support and facilities for the private tourist institutions in order to increase tourism investments in the Kurdistan Region, especially in light of the current financial crisis.

Strategic planning in governmental hospitals in the southern governorates of Palestine – An applied study on a sample of hospitals 2009 – 2019 –: التخطيط الاستراتيجي في المستشفيات الحكومية في المحافظات الجنوبية لفلسطين – دراسة تطبيقية على عينة من المستشفيات 2009- 2019م –

The study aimed to identify the degree of strategic planning practice in a sample of government hospitals, in the southern governorates of Palestine, and the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach. Among the most important results of the study is that the degree of application of strategic planning dimensions was medium, with a relative weight of 63.37%, and the results showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample members to the degree of strategic planning practice due to the variable of gender, academic qualification, number of years of service, and the presence of statistically significant differences attributable to the variables of the workplace and the current job, and among the most important recommendations of the study: the necessity of establishing specific and systematic mechanisms that include Broader participation of the hospital's internal and external community when formulating the vision and mission of the hospital, and recommended arranging the strategic objectives according to the priority that the hospital can achieve, providing the necessary financial and material resources for them, at least 2.5% of the hospital’s budget, and recommending an annual periodic review of the strategic plan.

The Effect of Organizational Justice as a Mediating Variable Between Transformational Leadership and Quality of Work Life in Secondary Schools in the Southern Governorates of Palestine, PhD Thesis ,Al-Aqsa University .

The Effect of Organizational Justice as a Mediating Variable Between Transformational Leadership and Quality of Work Life in Secondary Schools in the Southern Governorates of Palestine, PhD Thesis ,Al-Aqsa University .

The role of viral marketing in improving the mental image of the Palestinian cellular communications company Jawwal - Southern Governorates

The aim of the research is to test and analyze the correlation and impact relationships between the dimensions of viral marketing (electronic publishing methods, viral advertising campaigns, the electronic spoken word, motivations of viral message conveyers) and to improve the mental image (perception, influence, motivation, and desire) from the viewpoint of the customers of the Palestinian Cellular Communications Company (Jawwal), and revealing the differences in the responses of the sample members according to the following personal variables: (gender, use of mobile services, duration of use, degree of interest in mobile services). To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was used for its suitability to the nature of this study, and the questionnaire was used as a main tool. For the purpose of completing this research, (440) questionnaires were distributed, and (380) were recovered, representing (86.%) as a recovery rate. The distributed questionnaires targeted (Jawwal) customers. The researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the primary data collected from the research. The researcher has reached a set of results related to the field of application, the most important of which are: the existence of a positive relationship between the dimensions of viral marketing and improving the mental image, as well as the existence of a statistically significant effect between the dimensions of viral marketing and enhancing the mental image in the company under study. Finally, there are statistically significant differences between the average of the respondents’ answers due to personal variables (gender, use of mobile services, duration of use, degree of interest in mobile services).The researcher recommends that the researched company take advantage of the viral ads to reach the largest segment of the target customers and motivate the e-messengers to re-send these ads to relatives and friends so that it may become a basic means of promoting its services and improving its mental image.

Statistical modeling of spatial and temporal vulnerability of groundwater level in the Gaza Strip (Palestine)

Abstract The water supply in the Gaza Strip substantially depends on the groundwater resource of the Gaza coastal aquifer. The climate changes and the over-exploiting processes negatively impact the recovery of the groundwater balance. The climate variability is characterized by the decline in the precipitation of −5.2% and an increase in temperature of +1 °C in the timeframe of 2020–2040. The potential evaporation and the sunshine period are expected to increase by about 111 mm and 5 hours, respectively, during the next 20 years. However, the atmosphere is predicted to be drier where the relative humidity will fall by a trend of −8% in 20 years. The groundwater abstraction is predicted to increase by 55% by 2040. The response of the groundwater level to climate change and groundwater pumping was evaluated using a model of a 20-neuron ANN with a performance of the correlation coefficient (r)=0.95–0.99 and the root mean square error (RMSE)=0.09–0.21. Nowadays, the model reveals that the groundwater level ranges between −0.38 and −18.5 m and by 2040 it is expected to reach −1.13 and −28 m below MSL at the northern and southern governorates of the Gaza Strip, respectively.

The first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Yemen: Analysis of the surveillance data.

Yemen was one of the last countries in the world to declare the first case of the pandemic, on 10 April 2020. Fear and concerns of catastrophic outcomes of the epidemic in Yemen were immediately raised, as the country is facing a complex humanitarian crisis. The purpose of this report is to describe the epidemiological situation in Yemen during the first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. We analyzed the epidemiological data from 18 February to 05 June 2020, including the 2 months before the confirmation of the first case. We included in our analysis the data from 10 out of 23 governorates of Yemen, located in southern and eastern part of the country. A total of 469 laboratory confirmed, 552 probable and 55 suspected cases with onset of symptoms between 18 February and 5 June 2020 were reported through the surveillance system. The median age among confirmed cases was 46 years (range: 1-90 years), and 75% of the confirmed cases were male. A total of 111 deaths were reported among those with confirmed infection. The mean age among those who died was 53 years (range: 14-88 years), with 63% of deaths (n = 70) occurring in individuals under the age 60 years. A total of 268 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized (57%), among whom there were 95 in-hospital deaths. The surveillance strategy implemented in the first 2 months of the SARS CoV 2 in the southern and eastern governorates of Yemen, captured mainly severe cases. The mild and moderate cases were not self-reported to the health facilities and surveillance system due to limited resources, stigma, and other barriers. The mortality appeared to be higher in individuals aged under 60 years, and most fatalities occurred in individuals who were in critical condition when they reached the health facilities. It is unclear whether the presence of other acute comorbidities contributed to the high death rate among SARS-CoV-2 cases. The findings only include the southern and eastern part of the country, which is home to 31% of the total population of Yemen, as the data from the northern part of the country was inaccessible for analysis. This makes our results not generalizable to the rest of the country.

Stochastic time-series models for drought assessment in the Gaza Strip (Palestine)

Abstract The Eastern Mediterranean region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is experiencing patterns of major drought due to the effects of rising temperatures and falling precipitation levels. The multiscale drought evaluation Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) reveals evolving and severe drought from North Africa and the Sinai desert toward the Middle East. While there has been a period without drought between 1970 and 1990, the severity and frequency of drought increased considerably after 1990. Current drought conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean region of MENA are moderate to severe with a 60–100% likelihood of occurrence, according to time parameters. The Gaza Strip is especially vulnerable to the consequences of increasing drought because it is situated in the vicinity of the Sinai Desert; therefore, a downscaled study of drought in the region is essential to implement mitigation measures for the sustainable management and planning of coastal aquifer and agricultural activities in the Gaza Strip. Considerable availability of precipitation time series from various meteorological stations helped provide a local drought study for the Gaza Strip, in accordance with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The stochastic time-series model of (4,0,1) (5,1,1)12 shows a robust simulator for modeling and forecasting the future trend of precipitation at the nine meteorological stations. In terms of correlation accuracy, the model achieves a correlation (r) of approximately 93–97% in the calibration range and a correlation (r) of about 92–99% in the validation range. In terms of measuring the difference between the values, the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the model results shows that the RMSE was between 7–21 in the calibration range and 11–21 in the validation range. The model reveals a slightly stable trend in precipitation patterns at the northern meteorological stations of Beit Hanon, Beit Lahia, Shati, and Remal. However, declining precipitation tendency was recorded at the southern meteorological stations of Mughraka, Nussirat, Beir Al-Balah, Khanyounis, and Rafah. The SPI-based drought assessment implies that the precipitation annual threshold levels at SPI = 0 drop territorially from 474 mm in the north to about 250 mm in the south of the Gaza Strip. In this study, a representative 12-month local scale SPI12 at an annual precipitation threshold level of 370 mm was formulated to address the drought conditions in the Gaza Strip. Standing on the outputs of the local SPI12 scale might signify that the region of the Gaza Strip risks drought status with an incidence likelihood varying from 8% in the north to 100% in the south. Regular drought is prevalent in the northern governorates, but the hazards of extreme and severe drought are high in the southern areas with an incidence risk of about 83%. Sequentially, southern governorates of Rafah and Khanyounis experience chronic annual drought, while the return period of drought is reported to be every 9–12 years in the northern governorates of the Gaza Strip. The rain-fed years of 1998 and 2010 reported the worst periods of drought, while the period of 2016 showed a good droughtless water balance. Overall, the no-drought status might define the prospective conditions in the governorates of North Gaza, Gaza, and central Gaza over the next 20 years, while Rafah and Khanyounis are anticipated to be under normal to severe drought conditions.

The Status of Applying Job Characteristics Model from the Viewpoint of the Employees at the University College of Applied Sciences in the Southern Governorates – Palestine

تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع تطبيق نموذج خصائص العمل الخمس الواردة في نموذج هاكمان أولدهام وهي (الاستقلالية، وتنوع المهارات، وهوية الوظيفة، والشعور بأهمية الوظيفة، والتغذية الراجعة) من وجهة نظر العاملين في الكلية الجامعية للعلوم التطبيقية بالمحافظات الجنوبية. تكون مجتمع الدراسة من العاملين الأكاديميين والإداريين بالكلية الجامعية والبالغ عددهم (580) موظفاً، وتمثلت عينة الدراسة بـ(120 (موظفاً باستخدام طريقة العينة العشوائية البسيطة بنسبة (20.68%). استخدم الباحثان في هذا البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم تحليل استبانات البحث باستخدام عدد من الأساليب الإحصائية بواسطة حزمة البرامج الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية “SPSS” ، وتوصلت الدراسة للنتائج الآتية: يوجد موافقة بدرجة كبيرة من قبل أفراد العينة على فقرات خصائص العمل حيث بلغت درجة الموافقة 74.47%، فقد احتل بعد تنوع المهارات المرتبة الأولى بوزن نسبي 79.76%، تلا ذلك بُعد أهمية العمل الذي احتل المرتبة الثانية بوزن نسبي 74.67%، أما بعد التغذية الراجعة فقد احتل المرتبة الثالثة بوزن نسبي 74.61%، ثم جاء بعد وحدة العمل في المرتبة الرابعة بوزن نسبي 72.73%، بينما جاء في المرتبة الخامسة بعد الاستقلالية بوزن نسبي 70.49%. أيضا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية 0.05 بين متوسطات إجابات المبحوثين حول تطبيق نموذج خصائص العمل تعزى إلى العمر. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية 0.05 بين متوسطات إجابات المبحوثين حول تطبيق نموذج خصائص العمل تعزى إلى (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، سنوات الخدمة، المسمى الوظيفي). أوصت الدراسة بالتالي: زيادة الاهتمام بتنوع المهارات وتكليف العاملين بعدد أكبر من أجزاء العمل ضمن مجال التخصص فضلاً عن حاجتهم لمزيد من الاستقلالية لإنجاز اعمالهم؛ السعي إلى إيجاد وصف وظيفي واضح ومتكامل يشتمل على المهام والاختصاصات والأدوار الوظيفية لكافة العاملين في الكلية الجامعية؛ العمل على منح وتحديد الصلاحيات الوظيفية للعاملين بالكلية كافة، كلّ وظيفة حسب مستواها الإداري وبما يتلاءم مع طبيعة العمل الوظيفي؛ بالإضافة إلى التركيز على اتباع التدرج الهرمي الوظيفي في اتخاذ القرارات وتنفيذ الأعمال والإجراءات، مما يساهم في توحيد الإجراءات والقضاء على الازدواجية في استقبال الأوامر والتعليمات. This study aims to identify the status of applying the job five characteristics that contained in the Hackman – Oldham model which are: (independence, diversity of skills, job description, job loyalty and feedback) from the employee’s point of view at the university college of applied sciences in the Gaza Strip. The population of the study consists of (580) academic and administrative employees. Sample random method is used in this study that is (20.68%). Descriptive and analytical approach is used; in addition of using SPSS program to analyze the study questionnaires. The results of the study are as following: there is a high agreement on job characteristics’ paragraphs according to the point of view of the sample, which is (74.47%). The arrangement of the five job characteristics are as follow: the first one is diversity of skills with a relative weight of 79.76%, then job loyalty with a relative weight of 74.67%, the third one is the feedback with a relative weight of 74.61%, and the fourth one is job description with a relative weight of 72.73%, while independence is the fifth one with a relative weight of 70.49%. There are statistically significant differences at significance level of 0.05 for applying job characterize model due to age. There are no statistically significant differences at significance level of 0.05 for applying job characterize model due to (gender, educational level, years of service and career level). The study recommends that: there is a need to increase the skills diversity and to assign employees with many tasks within their specialization, in addition of providing independence in order to accomplish employee’s tasks; there is a need to seek for a clear and integrated job description that includes employee’s tasks, specializations and job roles in the University College; defend and clarify functional job to all employees according to their job’s description and their administrative level; make decisions, procedures and tasks according to the career hierarchy; to contribute standardizing procedures and preventing duplication of receiving orders and instructions.

أثر استخدام أنظمة ذكاء الأعمال على التوجهات الريادية للقطاع المصرفي الفلسطيني: بنك فلسطين نموذجاً (The Impact of Using Business Intelligence Systems on Entrepreneurial Orientations of the Palestinian Banking Sector: Bank of Palestine as a Model)

Arabic Abstract: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع استخدام أنظمة ذكاء الأعمال وأثرها على التوجهات الريادية لبنك فلسطين-المحافظات الجنوبية، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم جمع البيانات الأولية للدراسة من خلال تطوير استبانة مكونة من ستة مجالات رئيسية تضمنت 39 فقرة، وتشكل مجتمع الدراسة من العاملين في الوظائف الإدارية المتقدمة في بنك فلسطين (مدير إدارة، مدير دائرة، مدير فرع) والبالغ عددهم 55 موظفا، واعتمد الباحثان على أسلوب الحصر الشامل، حيث تم توزيع (55) استبانة استرد منها (46) بنسبة (83%)، وتم تحليل الاستبانة واختبار فرضيات الدراسة بواسطة برنامج الحزم الإحصائية (SPSS)، وقد اظهرت النتائج أن واقع استخدام أنظمة ذكاء الأعمال بأبعادها (جمع وتحليل البيانات، إدارة أداء الأعمال، دعم الموقف التنافسي) قد حصل على تقدير مرتفع بمتوسط حسابي (3.85)، ووزن نسبي (77.0%). وقد اظهرت النتائج مستوى تحقق التوجهات الريادية بأبعادها مجتمعة (الاستباقية، المغامرة التنافسية، المخاطرة) قد حصل على تقدير مرتفع وبمتوسط حسابي (3.98) ووزن نسبي(79.6%). كما بينت النتائج وجود تأثير ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (α ≤ 0.05) لواقع استخدام أنظمة ذكاء الأعمال في مستوى تحقق التوجهات الريادية، حيث بلغت قيمة معامل التفسيرR2 (44.4%). وتوصي الدارسة الإدارة العامة للبنك بتطوير أنظمة ذكاء الأعمال بحيث تساهم بشكل أكبر في رصد قدرات وإمكانيات المنافسين واستراتيجياتهم التنافسية، وطرح خدمات مصرفية مبتكرة، ومزيد من خفض أسعار الخدمات وتخصيص الأموال الكافية للبحث والتطوير. English Abstract: The study aimed at identifying the reality of using business intelligence (BI) systems and its impact on entrepreneurial orientations of the bank of Palestine in southern governorates. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was used , The Primary data collection achieved by developing a questionnaire consisting of six main areas, which included (39) paragraphs, The study population consisted of (55) employees working in senior management positions in the bank of Palestine includes director of administration, Director, and bank’s Branch Manager. The researchers adopted the complete census, Where (55) questionnaires were distributed, of which (46) were retrieved at a rate of (83%). The questionnaire was analyzed and the study hypotheses tested by the statistical package program (SPSS). Findings of the study showed that the reality of using business intelligence (BI) systems with its dimensions of (data collection and analysis, business performance management, and competitive position support) scored a high level, where its mean reached (3.85) with a relative weight of (77.0%). Also showed that the level of realizing the entrepreneurial orientations with its combined dimensions (proactive, competitive adventure, risk) scored a high level, where its mean reached (3.98) with a relative weight of (79.6%). The study also showed that there was a statistically significant effect at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) for the reality of using the business intelligence (BI) systems in the level of achieving entrepreneurial orientations, where the determination coefficient R2 scored (44.4%). The study recommends that the general administration of the bank should develop business intelligence (BI) systems to contribute more in monitoring competitors’ abilities, capacities and competitive strategies, furthermore, to offer innovation-baking service, and to reduce service prices and allocating sufficient funds for research and development.

The Extent of Practicing Transformational Leadership in Palestinian Universities in the Southern Governorates from the Faculty Members' Perspective

The study aimed to determine the degree of faculty members' assessment of practicing transformational leadership in Palestinian universities in the southern governorates, and to explore whether there were statistically significant differences at a level (α≤0.05) attributed to these variables (type of college, academic rank, years of service). To achieve these objectives, the researchers followed the analytical descriptive method by administering a questionnaire consisting of (60) items divided into four areas on a sample of (101) faculty members from these universities (Al-Azhar – Islamic – Al-Aqsa). The results showed that the total degree of assessment of practicing transformational leadership from the point of view of the participants in the universities was medium with a relative weight of 55.93%. The area of independence and influence occupied the first place with a relative weight of 57.75%. The area of presenting a model behavior was ranked last with a relative weight of 54.31%. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences (α≤0.05) between the participants' means of assessment due to these variables: (type of college, rank, years of service). The study recommended enhancing the concepts of transformational discourse in universities based on mutual respect and appreciation of competencies, regardless of any other considerations.
 Keywords: transformational leadership, Palestinian universities, faculty members.

مدى ممارسة القيادة التحويلية بالجامعات الفلسطينية في المحافظات الجنوبية من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة تقدير عينة من أعضاء هيئة التدريس في الجامعات الفلسطينية بالمحافظات الجنوبية لممارسة القيادة التحويلية فيها، والكشف عما إذا كان هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α≤0.05) بين متوسطات درجات تقدير أفراد العينة لهذه الممارسة تعزى إلى المتغيرات: (نوع الكلية، الرتبة العلمية، سنوات الخدمة). ولتحقيق ذلك اتبع الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، بتطبيق استبانة مكونة من (60) فقرة، موزعة على أربعة مجالات، تم توزيعها على (101) من أعضاء هيئة التدريس في الجامعات (الأزهر – الإسلامية – الأقصى). أظهرت النتائج أن درجة التقدير الكلية لممارسة القيادة التحويلية من وجهة نظر أفراد العينة في الجامعات جاء متوسطة بوزن نسبي (55.93%)، حيث جاء مجال (الاستقلالية والتأثير) في المرتبة الأولى بوزن نسبي (57.75%)، وجاء مجال (تقديم نموذج سلوكي يحتذى) في المرتبة الأخيرة بوزن نسبي (54.31%)، كما أنه لم توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α≤0.05) بين متوسطات درجات تقدير أفراد العينة لهذه الممارسة تعزى إلى المتغيرات: (نوع الكلية، الرتبة العلمية، سنوات الخدمة). وأوصت الدراسة بتعزيز مفاهيم الخطاب التحويلي في الجامعات الذي يقوم على قاعدة الاحترام والتقدير للكفاءات بغض النظر عن أي اعتبارات أخرى. الكلمات المفتاحية: القيادة التحويلية، الجامعات الفلسطينية، أعضاء هيئة التدريس.

Family Adherence on Children’s Preventive Measures on the Protection of Children

The aim of this study was to identify the impact of family adherence to preventive measures on protecting children aged 2 to 4 years from accidents inside and outside the home in the southern governorates of Jordan. The researcher was used descriptive approach design, as the sample of the study was 1200 mothers who have children aged 2-4 years in the southern governorates of Jordan (Karak, Tafilah, Ma'an and Aqaba). The study discussed the main accidents that a child may be exposed to including burning, suffocation, fall, poisoning, drowning, electrical, and other accidents such as road traffic accidents, glass-related accidents, sharp tools accidents, and strangulation including blind cords. The results revealed that most women were found to have poor knowledge regarding children accidents prevention. In addition, the result showed that there were a significant differences between the training course and the mother education on the protection of children aged 2 to 4 years from accidents in the southern governorates. Moreover, the results showed that the age of mother has an impact difference were the younger mothers were more follow the prevention measures in the protection of children. The resulte revealed that "Other Accidents (road traffic, glass-related, sharp tools and strangulation including blind cords)" was high scour between the seven accidents among the mothers on the southern governorates of Jordan. The researcher recommended that the importance of educating mothers about the need to adhere to preventive measures to protect children from accidents that may occur inside and outside the home.

The Reality of Secondary Education in Jordan from the Perspective of Secondary School Principals

The study aims at assessing the reality of secondary education in Jordan from the high school principals’ perspective, in addition to figuring out the impact of the gender differences on the results. To answer the study questions; the researcher selected the study sample using the stratified random method. The sample consisted of 73 headmaster and headmistress of secondary school from the southern governorates of Jordan (Ma’an, Al Shoubak, Petra, Southern Badia, and Aqaba) for the academic year 2017/2018. The researcher developed a questionnaire consisted of (35) paragraphs, divided into five fields: (building and equipment, students, teaching staff, curricula and educational supervision) and for the combined fields as well. The results of the study revealed the following: (1) Principals’ assessment of the two fields of building and equipment, and students, and for the fields combined was high (2) Principals’ assessment of teaching staff, curricula, and educational supervision was medium (3) Principals’ assessment of the questionnaire was not affected by the gender.

درجة ممارسة معلمی المرحلة الأساسیة الدنیا فی المحافظات الجنوبیة لأسالیب التقویم البدیل فی ضوء الاتجاهات الحدیثة The Practicing Degree of Alternative Assessment Techniques by Lower Basic Stage Teachers in the Southern Governorates in light of the New Trends

المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على درجة ممارسة معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا في المحافظات الجنوبية لأساليب التقويم البديل في ضوء الاتجاهات الحديثة، والفروق الإحصائية بين متوسطات تقديرات عينة الدراسة تعزى للمتغيرات ( الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، مدة الخدمة)، وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث استخدم من خلاله استبانة مکونة من (31) فقرة موزعة على ستة محاور: (التقويم المعتمد على الورقة والقلم، و التقويم المعتمد على الأداء، و التقويم المعتمد على الملاحظة، و التقويم المعتمد على التواصل، و التقويم المعتمد على مراجعة الذات، و التقويم المعتمد على خرائط المفاهيم)، وتکونت عينة البحث من (91) معلما ومعلمة من معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا في محافظة غزة.وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن درجة ممارسة معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا في محافظة غزة لأساليب التقويم البديل في ضوء الاتجاهات الحديثة جاءت بوزن نسبي (69%)، وهي بدرجة (کبيرة). وجاء ترتيب محاور درجة ممارسة المعلمين لأساليب التقويم البديل کما يلي: (التقويم المعتمد على التواصل(75%)، وهو بدرجة (کبيرة)، والتقويم المعتمد على الأداء(70%)، وهو بدرجة (کبيرة)، والتقويم المعتمد على مراجعة الذات(69%)، وهو بدرجة (متوسطة) والتقويم المعتمد على خرائط المفاهيم(68%)، وهو بدرجة (متوسطة) التقويم المعتمد على الورقة والقلم (67%)، وهو بدرجة (متوسطة)، والتقويم المعتمد على الملاحظة(65%)، وهو بدرجة (متوسطة)). وکشفت النتائج عن عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى(a≤0.05) في درجة ممارسة معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا في المحافظات الجنوبية لأساليب التقويم البديل في ضوء الاتجاهات الحديثة تعزى للجنس، والمؤهل العلمي، ومدة الخدمة، في حين توجد فروق تعزى لمتغير المؤهل العلمي لصالح المعلمين الذين يحملون درجة ماجستير فما فوق في المحور الرابع – التقويم المعتمد على التواصل. وقدمت الدراسة عددا من التوصيات، منها: توفير خطط، وبرامج تعليمية تسهم في مساعدة المعلمين على ممارسة التقويم البديل في اتجاهاته الحديثة، والعمل الجاد على ربط الثقافات التعليمية بين المعلمين ووزارة التربية والتعليم، والجهات الخارجية، وتفعيل دور المنهاج التعليمي المدرسي بأساليب التقويم البديل الحديثة من خلال الترکيز على اعتماد التقويم القائم على التواصل. وإعطاء دورات تدريبية للمعلمين؛ لتعزيز ودعم التقويم القائم على الملاحظة.

ROLE OF SPCIALIZED ASSOCIATION IN BEEKEEBER DEVELOPMENT IN SOME CENTRAL AND SOUTHREN GOVERNORATER OF IRAQ

The objective of this research was to identify the roles played by the specialized beekeepers associations in the central and southern governorates of Iraq in the following fields .Data management, extension, equipment, coordination, marketing, encourage of innovation , as well as to identify the problems facing the specialized associations ,from sample of 122 respondents ( All members of the board of the specialized associations of 40 respondents,and random sample of 18% of beekeepers belonging to these associations of 457 beekeepers and 82 respondents). The results of the research concluded that the percentage of specialized associations for these roles was 80%, 83%, 56.25%, 75.6%, 54.5% and 75.4% degree respectively. The weighted average of the level of services provided to beekeepers in the above mentioned fields except for the field of data and information management , 1.54 , 1.11 , 1.49 , 0.96 , 1.31 degree and on the next The results of the research found that the problem of lack of funding sources for the association to perform the tasks required came first with a weighted average 1.97 degree and a percentage weight 98.5% degree

Bobby Kennedy: A Raging Spirit by Chris Matthews (review)

Reviewed by: Bobby Kennedy: A Raging Spirit by Chris Matthews Peter Fields Chris Matthews. Bobby Kennedy: A Raging Spirit. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017. 396p. Chris Matthews, longstanding host of MSNBC’s bristly Hardball, retells the life of Robert F. Kennedy with edgy prose. He begins with Bobby as sheltered altar boy, brooded over by the family matriarch, but races ahead to the 1950s and ‘60s, intent on submitting for our approval the paradox of RFK’s contradictions and the lurching two-steps-forward, one-step-backwards of his learning curve for civil rights and the Vietnam War. To be sure, we do not have in A Raging Spirit the comprehensive erudition of Arthur Schlesinger’s Robert Kennedy and his Times. Matthews by comparison [End Page 329] has no patience with his muse. He acknowledges this telling appraisal by one of his editors: “Michele Slung helped get this book into shape while correctly noting that my daily writing for broadcast had weakened my will to write in full paragraphs” (345). Indeed, Matthews hurriedly collects up his facts, opens each chapter in media res, and sweeps aside whole swaths of life and times as if his unyielding grip on RFK as our hero, our beloved brother “Bobby,” was self-evident in its meaning and significance. The italicized epigraph comes closest to what Matthews feels is his theme: This book is about the Bobby Kennedy we’d want to have today, the kind of leader we lack today. But this “Bobby” cannot be so simply conveyed. He is always the paradox of steely single-mindedness opening suddenly upon deeply-felt valleys of empathy for those who suffer injustice—a tragic person who still tantalizes our sense of possibility 50 years after his assassination. In fact, A Raging Spirit, published at the end of 2017, functions admirably as a kind of companion source, or annotation, for what cable television has been doing with the 50th anniversary of 1968: first came the CNN series American Dynasties: The Kennedys, followed by CNN’s 1968: The Year that Changed America. Presently, Netflix is making available its four-part documentary Bobby Kennedy for President, which in its first episode seems to have A Raging Spirit open in front of it. As in the book, we see and hear Harry Belafonte reminiscing about how hesitant Civil Rights leaders were about both Jack and Bobby. Suddenly, in October 1960, weeks before Jack’s November presidential election, Belafonte’s hero Martin Luther King lands in prison in Georgia, facing the very real prospect of hard time on a chain gang for organizing a sit-in at a lunch counter. Some on the campaign convince JFK to call and express his sympathy to Coretta King. Campaign manager Bobby finds out, harangues the staff for letting his brother make such a colossal error, and then, a few hours later, picks up the phone and makes everything work together for both Jack and King. Belafonte states that everything changed as of that rapid-response intervention. The Civil Rights movement and African Americans throughout the country began to line up behind the Kennedy name. Such are the lightning strokes of the cable documentary. A Raging Spirit gives us the Jack Kennedy of spring 1960 casually assigning civil rights to Sargent Shriver. Campaign Manager Bobby then hires former legal assistant Harris Wofford to work for Shriver, perhaps vaguely aware that Wofford seems to know people in King’s movement. Bobby does nothing until October when the campaign is in full swing and southern Democratic leaders are staunchly opposed to anything like coddling or encouraging civil rights agitators. Coretta King, alarmed for her husband in prison, begins, with the help of black activist Louis Martin, to besiege [End Page 330] Wofford and Shriver to bring up King’s predicament with Jack. Wofford, Martin, and Shriver watch for their moment and then make the case for Jack to commiserate with Coretta by phone call. He could offer to help, but the important thing would be his expression of concern. Bobby then descends on Wofford, Martin, and Shriver, calling them “bomb-throwers” (193). He knew specifically of three southern governors who considered that helping King was on...