Digitaria Ciliaris Research Articles

Screening of salt-tolerance potential of some native forage grasses from the eastern part of Terai-Duar grasslands in India

The salt tolerance of 12 native forage grasses from the eastern part of Terai-Duar grasslands was assessed using a rapid method of leaf disc senescence bioassay. Samples of these grasses were grown in untreated water as well as 100 and 200 mM NaCl solutions for periods of 3, 6 and 9 days. Discs of fresh leaf were then placed in untreated water as well as in 100 and 200 mM NaCl solutions for 96 hours. Quantitative effects were measured as the effects on chlorophyll concentration in leaves in response to exposure to the varying solutions. From these results, the salt sensitivity index (SSI) of the individual grasses was determined. The SSI values indicated that Imperata cylindrica , Digitaria ciliaris and Cynodon dactylon were most salt-tolerant of all grasses tested. Further characterization of the grasses was done by observing the changes in 6 biomarkers for salinity tolerance: relative water content, total sugar concentration, proline concentration, electrolyte leakage, membrane lipid peroxidation and H 2 O 2 concentration following exposure to 100 and 200 mM NaCl concentrations for 3, 6 and 9 days. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis using the software CLUSTER 3.0 was used to represent the inter-relations among the physiological parameters and to group the grasses on the basis of their salinity tolerance. The overall results indicated that Imperata cylindrica , Eragrostis amabilis , Cynodon dactylon and Digitaria ciliaris were potentially salt-tolerant grasses and should be planted on saline areas to verify our results. On the other hand, Axonopus compressus , Chrysopogon aciculatus , Oplismenus burmanni and Thysanolaena latifolia were found to be highly salt-sensitive and would be unsuitable for use in saline areas.

Weed population dynamics in rice crops resulting from post-emergent herbicide applications

Studies on weed population dynamics are based on observing and recording changes in weed communities in response to effects of disturbances in crop management. The present study aimed to evaluate weed population dynamics in rice crops in Tolima, Colombia, resulting from post-emergent herbicide applications. Sampling was carried out in 0.1% of the cultivated area, marking out a 1 ha area in each commercial lot. Samples were taken before and after post-emergent applications. Evaluated variables were frequency, density, and cover. The data were analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI). Results demonstrated that Echinochloa colona was the most important weed of all of the evaluated zones, before and after post-emergent herbicide applications. Other notable species included Digitaria ciliaris, Cyperus iria and Ischaemum rugosum. Relative frequency variable was the most influential on the importance index of the species. Furthermore, herbicide applications generated changes in the community structure in the evaluated zones and in each evaluation.

전남 장성지역 한국잔디 재배지 잡초발생 현황

본 연구는 전라남도 장성지역의 한국잔디 재배지의 발생 잡초를 확인하기 위하여 2014년 9월(1차 조사)과 2016년 5월(2차 조사)에 전남 장성군 삼서면 일대에서 한국잔디 재배포장을 밭 토양과 논 토양으로 구분하여 발생잡초 분포조사를 수행하였다. 잡초분포 조사결과 밭 토양에서는 27과 66종(일년생 49종, 다년생 17종)으로 일년생잡초 74.2%, 다년생잡초 25.8%의 발생을 확인하였다. 과별로 보면 국화과(Compositae)가 19.7%로 가장 많이 발생하였고, 그 다음으로 벼과(Gramineae) 13.6%, 콩과(Leguminosae) 10.6% 순이었다. 논 토양에서는 22과 69종(일년생 53종, 다년생 16종)으로 일년생잡초 76.8%, 다년생잡초 23.2% 비율의 발생을 확인하였다. 과별로 보면 국화과(Compositae)가 18.8%로 가장 많이 발생하였고, 그 다음으로 벼과(Gramineae) 14.5%, 사초과(Cyperaceae) 7.2% 순이었다. 밭 토양의 1차 조사에서는 벼과의 바랭이(8.49), 2차 조사에서는 괭이밥과의 괭이밥(7.26)이 가장 우점하였고, 논 토양의 1차 조사에서 국화과의 개망초(9.52), 2차 조사에서는 닭의장풀과의 닭의장풀(5.08)과 벼과의 뚝새풀(5.08)이 가장 우점하는 잡초종으로 확인되었다. 잡초발생 현황을 조사시기와 토양조건을 구분하여 비교한 결과 논 잡초와 밭 잡초가 혼생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 조사시기 또는 토양조건에 상관없이 공통적으로 발생하는 초종의 비율이 49.2%로 비교적 높게 나타났다. 따라서 한국잔디 재배지에서 제초제를 이용한 효율적인 방제효과를 위해서는 재배토양에 상관없이 논 잡초와 밭 잡초를 모두 잘 방제할 수 있는 약제를 선택해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. This study was conducted to provide basic information for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species in turf sod production areas. Surveys of weed species occurred in turf sod production areas were conducted in Jangsung-gun, Jeonnam province from September 2014 to May 2016. Total 50 sites of turf sod production areas in two soil conditions were investigated. On the upland soil condition in turf sod production areas, 66 weed species in 27 families were identified and classified to 49 annuals and 17 perennials and on the paddy soil condition, 69 weed species in 22 families were identified and classified to 53 annuals and 16 perennials. Based on the importance values, the most dominant weed species on the upland soil condition in the first survey (September 2014) was Digitaria ciliaris (8.49%), followed by Erigeron annuus (7.94%) and Rorippa indica (6.56%). In the second survey (May 2016) was Oxalis corniculata (7.26%), followed by Capsella bursa-pastoris (6.21%) and Conyza canadensis (6.21%). Whereas the most dominant weed species on the paddy soil condition in the first survey (September 2014) was Erigeron annuus (9.52%), followed by Mazus pumilus (7.41%) and Cyperus iria (6.82%). In the second survey (May 2016) was Commelina communis (5.08%), followed by Alopecurus aequalis (5.08%) and Erigeron annuus (4.79%). This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence and effective weed control methods in turf sod production areas in Jangsung-gun, Jeonnam Province.

Variations in floristic composition of wild and cultivated species associated with Moringa oleifera Lam. in Egypt

The aim of this work is to study the cultivated and wild species associated with Moringa oleifera in different sites in Egypt. The cultivated species were 174 related to 145 genera and 67 families, while the wild species were 45 related to 39 genera and 21 families. Fabaceae was the most represented cultivated family (15 species), while Poaceae was the most represented wild family (8 species). Phoenix dactylifera and Portulaca oleracea were the most common cultivated and wild species, respectively. Phanerophytes were the most represented life form, regarding the cultivated species (79.5%), whereas therophytes were the most represented life form (62.2%). The application of Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) on the floristic composition of the sampled stands led to classify them into 7 vegetation groups at level 5 for the cultivated species, and 5 groups at level 3 for the wild species. The cultivated groups were named according to their dominant species as follows: Ficus elastica, Abutilon hirtum, Cordia myxa, Carya illinoensis, Azadirachta indica, Ficus benjamina and Ceiba speciosa. In addition, the wild groups were: Pancratium maritimum, Digitaria ciliaris, Cyperus rotundus, Lantana camara and Bidens pilosa.

Effects of flooding and its temporal variation on seedling recruitment from the soil seed bank of a Neotropical floodplain

Evaluation of the effects of flooding on seedling recruitment from seed banks helps in understanding vegetation regeneration in floodplains. We studied the effects of simulated flooding on richness and abundance of, and temporal variation in, seedling recruitment from the soil seed bank of a floodable savanna of the Pantanal wetland, under two conditions: 1) Post-flood = inundated for 30 days followed by irrigation; 2) Non-flooded = only irrigated. We recorded emerged seedlings biweekly for 120 days and found a total of 124 species for the two treatments, the most abundant species were annual herbs (e.g., Richardia grandiflora and Euploca procumbens) and annual graminoids (e.g., Digitaria ciliaris and Cyperus haspan). Flooding positively influenced seedling richness and abundance, while seedling emergence from the non-flooded soil was slower, but continued during all periods. The different temporal patterns between treatments showed that flooding increases the abundance of emerged seedlings and acts as a trigger for explosive recruitment shortly after water depletion.

충남지역 포도원에서 발생하는 잡초분포조사

This study was conducted to identify problematic weed species in grape orchard fields to establish basic information for suitable weed control. Surveys of weed species occurring in grape orchards were conducted in Chungnam province including Daejeon and Sejong of Korea from April to June and from September to October in 2015. From the surveys, 50 weed species belonging to 23 families (33 annuals and 17 perennials) were identified. In the first survey, the most dominant weed species by the importance values was Poa annua (7.07) followed by Echinochloa crus-galli (6.56), Digitaria ciliaris (6.43) and Capsella bursapastoris (5.63). In the second survey, Rorippa palustris (9.59), Eclipta alba (9.13), Digitaria ciliaris (7.68) and Poa annua (7.68) were dominant. Different weed species and dominance patterns were detected according to weed control methods in the grape orchards. Seven weed species belonging to six families were identified in the field in which herbicides were being used as a weed control method. However, most weed species (21 species belonging to 9 families) were occurred in the mowing + tillage fields. These surveys provide information about seasonal variations of weeds species occurred in grape orchards and impact of different weed control methods on the weed occurrence.

우리나라 평창, 서산, 제주지역 목초지에 발생하는 잡초 현황과 군락변화

The surveys of weed species in pastures were conducted in Jeju Island, Pyeongchang Gangwon, and Seosan Chungnam throughout 2013, 2014, and 2015 in order to understand the current status of the weed flora in Korean pastures and to utilize the survey data for basic measure of them. From the surveys, 275 species of 52 families including 83 exotic species were identified and classified into 77 species of annuals, 55 species of biennials and 143 species of perennials. Looking regionally, 207 species of 49 families, 62 species of 14 families, and 136 species of 36 families were occurred in Jeju, Pyeongchang and Seosan, respectively. Based on the importance values, the most dominant species was Rumex obtusifolius followed by Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens, Digitaria ciliaris, Rumex acetosella etc. in order. The dominance of exotic species was the highest in Rumex obtusifolius followed by Trifolium repens, Rumex acetosella, Erigeron annuus etc. According to the surveys of past and present a pasture weed community has been changed, i.e., Erigeron annuus, Artemisia princeps, and Potentilla fragarioides var. major were dominant in 1990 and Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens and Rumex acetosella were dominant in 2004. On the other hand, the dominant species at the pastures were changed into Rumex obtusifolius, Artemisia princeps, and Trifolium repens in 2015.

Chorological and taxonomic notes on African plants

This paper presents notes on new records and the taxonomy of 12 vascular plant species from several continental African countries and Madagascar. Datura wrightii (Solanaceae) is a new species for Africa reported from Morocco. Amaranthus muricatus (Amaranthaceae) is reported for the first time in Tunisia, Barleria oenotheroides (Acanthaceae) – from Central African Republic and Senegal, Burkea africana (Fabaceae) – from Guinea-Bissau, Caylusea abyssinica (Resedaceae) – from Zambia, Digitaria ciliaris (Poaceae) – from Morocco. New data on distribution in Africa is provided for Camptorrhiza strumosa (Colchicaceae) and four Resedaceae taxa: Caylusea hexagyna, Ochradenus baccatus, Reseda arabica and Reseda villosa. The taxonomy of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Mollugo caespitosa (Molluginaceae) is reviewed, and it is synonymized with Mollugo decandra. The lectotypes are designated for both Mollugo species.

Utilization of plant food resources by phytoseiid mite species with different feeding habits

To examine the utilization of plant food resources by the phytoseiid mite species Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirski, Euseius sojaensis (Ehara), and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), we collected phytoseiid mites on peach leaves in Japanese peach orchards. Then, phytoseiid mite samples that had been estimated to contain a single phytoseiid mite species using quantitative sequencing were selected. Simultaneously, we surveyed pollen available for phytoseiid mites in peach orchards and selected Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler (Poales: Poaceae), Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (Poales: Poaceae), and Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. (Pinales: Pinaceae) as pollen source plants. Subsequently, the internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal genes or the non-coding region of the chloroplast DNA of the three plant species were amplified from phytoseiid mite samples using polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that phytoseiid mite species with different feeding habits use plant food sources, possibly pollens, of D. ciliaris and P. densiflora.

충북지역 과수원 발생 잡초 분포 현황

This study was conducted to investigate the weed occurrence and distribution on the orchard fields (apple, pear, peach, grape) at 387 sites in Chungbuk province of Korea from May to September in 2015. From the result of this survey, 200 weed species in 47 families were identified and classified to 82 annuals, 40 biennials and 78 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most dominant weed species in Chungbuk province orchard fields were higher in order of Digitaria ciliaris (4.12%), Echinochloa crus-galli (3.60%), Stellaria aquatica (3.45%), Artemisia princeps (3.07%) and Chenopodium album (3.06%). The composition of major occurred weed families, Compositae, Poaceae, Leguminosae and Cyperaceae were 21, 9, 6 and 6%, respectively. Coefficient of similarity between a various orchards based on the degree of dominance were ranged from 68.7-91.8%. The most important weed species at apple, peach, grape was Digitaria ciliaris while these for pear was Poa annua. Fifty-one exotic weed species were also identified. The results of this study could be useful information for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods on the orchard fields in Chungbuk province of Korea.

소면적 재배작물인 당귀밭에 발생하는 잡초현황과 잡초에 의한 피해

Investigation on weed flora in Angelica gigas upland fields was conducted to understand the current status of the weed flora and establish the control measures. Investigation was conducted twice, July and October in 2015. From this investigation, 105 species of 37 families including 27 exotics were identified and classified into 53 species of annuals, 24 species of biennials and 28 species of perennials. Dominance was the highest with Digitaria ciliaris, followed by Portulaca loeracea, Chenopodium album, Cyperus iria, Conyza canadensis, Galinsoga ciliata etc. in order. Chenopodium album was the highest in importance analysis and the followings were in order of Conyza canadensis, Galinsoga ciliata, Amaranthus lividus, Taraxacum offcinale etc. The yield of A. gigas was reduced 49.6% in no weeding plots comparing in weed managed plots.

소면적 재배작물 구기자밭에 발생하는 잡초현황

Investigation on weed flora in Lycium chinense upland fields was conducted to understand the current status of weed flora and establish the control measures. Investigation was conducted twice, May and June on 2015. From this investigation, 91 species of 30 families including 27 exotics were identified into 36 species of annuals, 28 species of biennials and 27 species of perennials. Dominance was the highest with Portulaca loeracea followed by Digitaria ciliaris, Stellaria media, Oxalis corniculata, Acalypha australis, Chenopodium album, Cyperus iria etc. in order. Chenopodium album was the highest in importance analysis and the followings were in order of Conyza canadensis, Conyza bonariensis, Senecio vulgaris, Amaranthus lividus, Sonchus asper etc.

Selectivity and efficiency of herbicides in weed control on sweet sorghum

ABSTRACT The lack of registered herbicides for weed control in sweet sorghum has been a limiting production factor. This study aimed at evaluating the selectivity of herbicides in sweet sorghum and weed control efficiency. A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used. Treatments consisted of sweet sorghum cultivars (BRS 506, BRS 509 and BRS 511) and herbicides applied alone at pre-emergence (atrazine - 1,500 g ha-1; atrazine + s-metolachlor - 1,665 g ha-1 + 1,035 g ha-1; flumioxazin - 50 g ha-1; s-metolachlor - 1,440 g ha-1) and post-emergence (tembotrione - 100.8 g ha-1) and sequentially at pre- and post-emergence (atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione - 1,665 g ha-1 + 1,035 g ha-1 + 100.8 g ha-1; atrazine + tembotrione - 1,500 g ha-1 + 100.8 g ha-1; flumioxazin + tembotrione - 50 g ha-1 + 100.8 g ha-1), plus two controls, one weeded and one unweeded. The phytotoxicity rate to sorghum was 98.0 %, 98.0 % and 100 % for tembotrione; 100 %, 98.7% and 100 % for flumioxazin + tembotrione; 100 %, 100 % and 100 % for s-metolachlor + atrazine + tembotrione; and 98.7 %, 98.7 % and 99.7 % for atrazine + tembotrione, respectively to the BRS 509, BRS 506 and BRS 511 cultivars. Tembotrione, flumioxazin + tembotrione, atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione and atrazine + tembotrione showed a good control rate of Ipomoea indivisa, Digitaria ciliaris and Urochloa plantaginea, but did not present selectivity to the sorghum cultivars. Atrazine, in general, showed higher selectivity to the yield components of the BRS 509 and BRS 506 cultivars.

Soil Phosphorus Remediation by Bahia Grass, Common Bermuda Grass, Crab Grass, and Switch Grass

ABSTRACTSoil phosphorus (P) removal by harvest may be a practical remediation strategy. Small plots of bahia grass (BG) (Paspalum notatum Flügge), common bermuda grass (CB) (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), crab grass (CG) (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.), and switch grass (SG) (Panicum virgatum L.) were established on a coastal plain soil (Mehlich 3P, 100–500+ mg kg−1) . Yield, tissue P concentration, and uptake P were determined in 2002–2005, and surface (0–15 cm) soil P were determined in 2002 and 2005. The uptake decreased, SG > CG > BG = CB (range 230–90 kg ha−1), paralleling the decrease in surface soil P. Uptake depended on soil P (P < 0.01–0.10), with uptake > surface soil P decrease at low soil P due to uptake from subsoil but decrease > uptake at high soil P due to leaching. Soil P concentration did not affect SG tissue P nor did multiple harvests decrease its relative productivity.

충남지역 사과원의 잡초관리방법과 잡초발생특성

본 연구는 2015년 4월부터 6월(1차 조사), 9월부터 10월까지(2차 조사) 2차례에 걸쳐 대전광역시와 세종특별자치시를 포함한 충청남도지역의 사과원에 발생하는 잡초분포현황과 잡초관리방법을 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. 조사결과 충남지역 사과원에 27과 64종의 잡초가 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 이 중 일년생잡초는 39종이였으며 다년생 잡초는 25종이였다. 1차 조사에서는 새포아풀(6.51), 개불알풀(5.36), 질경이(5.36)순으로 우점하였으며, 2차 조사에서는 별꽃(5.73), 바랭이(5.36), 소리쟁이(5.18)순으로 우점 하였다. 발생잡초를 과별로 분류하면 국화과가 12종으로 가장 많이 발생하였고 화본과는 7종, 마디풀과는 6종 발생하였다. 잡초관리 방법에 대한 설문조사 결과 충남지역 사과원의 55%가 예초와 제초제나 경운 또는 초생재배를 함께 사용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 예초를 통해 잡초관리를 할 경우 25종의 잡초가 발생하여 방제효과가 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 충남지역 사과원에서 선호하는 제초제는 glufosinate-ammonium으로 연간 2-3회 사용하는 것으로 조사되었다. This survey was conducted to identify weed occurrence and to investigate weed management methods in the apple orchard fields in Chungnam province including Daejeon and Sejong from April to June and from September to October, 2015. In this survey, 64 weed species in 27 families including 39 annuals and 25 perennials were identified. Based on the importance values, the most dominant weed species in the first survey was Poa annua (6.51), followed by Veronica didyma (5.36), Plantago asiatica (5.36). In the second survey, Stellaria media (5.73), Digitaria ciliaris (5.36), and Rumex crispus (5.18) were dominant. When the 64 weed species were classified by family, the most abundant weed species belong to Compositae (12 species), followed by Poaceae (7 species), Polygonaceae (6 species), and Cruciferae (6 species). These 31 weed species in the most occurred four families accounted for 48% of total weed occurrence. Based on the questionnaire survey in which weed management methods in the apple orchard were asked, applied mowing + herbicide, mowing + tillage, and mowing + sod-culture was methods commonly conducted in apple orchard fields.

Food Preference of Pecky Rice Bugs Is Influenced by Experience

This study investigated whether prior experience influences the plant food preference of Trigonotylus caelestialium and Stenotus rubrovittatus which cause pecky rice grain, by using rice plants and 2 poaceous weeds. In a choice experiment between Digitaria ciliaris and the rice plants, both T. caelestialium and S. rubrovittatus adults that were reared on D. ciliaris plants showed significant initial preference for D. ciliaris over rice. In a choice experiment between Echinochloa crus-galli var. aristata and rice plants, T. caelestialium adults reared on E. crus-galli var. aristata strongly preferred E. crus-galli var. aristata over rice throughout the experiment. However, at and after 24 h, T. caelestialium adults reared on rice showed no food preference, although T. caelestialium initially preferred E. crus-galli var. aristata. In contrast, S. rubrovittatus adults reared on rice showed no preference between E. crus-galli var. aristata and rice. However, S. rubrovittatus reared on E. crus-galli var. aristata initially preferred E. crus-galli var. aristata to rice, with this preference waning with time. The same results were obtained for both sexes. Although the effect of experience differed with food source and the species of mirid bug, prior experience initially had a noticeable effect, which disappeared with time (1 d).

Widespread Occurrence of Pythium arrhenomanes Pathogenic to Rice Seedlings Around Japanese Rice Fields.

In Japan, rice seedlings grown in nurseries and used for transplanting are subject to a damping-off disease caused by Pythium spp. In this study, 148 isolates of Pythium spp. were obtained from rice seedlings in 39 locations of northern Japan. Among the isolates, 137 were identified as Pythium arrhenomanes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers, DNA sequencing analyses of the internal transcribed regions of ribosomal DNA, and the morphologies of oogonia, antheridia, oospores, and zoosporangia. Inoculation tests showed that the isolates identified as P. arrhenomanes were pathogenic to rice seedlings and parasitic to southern crabgrass with only minor damage. P. arrhenomanes was reisolated from the roots of both rice seedlings and southern crabgrass. Poaceae weeds, hosts of Pythium spp., grow in and around nurseries and in ridges surrounding rice fields. To detect Pythium spp., 188 Poaceae weeds were collected from 37 locations in Akita Prefecture. P. arrhenomanes was frequently detected in 164 weed roots from all locations by PCR using species-specific primers. Thus, we determined that P. arrhenomanes exists in and around rice seedling nurseries and rice fields, and that it is much more widely distributed than previously recognized in northern Japan.

충북지역 주요 밭작물 재배지 발생 잡초 분포 현황

This study was conducted to investigate the weed occurrence and distribution on the upland crop fields (garlic, barley, potato, maize, red pepper, soybean and Chinese cabbage) at 795 sites in Chungbuk province of Korea from Apr. to Oct. in 2014. From the result of this survey, 188 weed species in 42 families were identified and classified to 96 annuals, 40 biennials and 52 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most dominant weed species in Chungbuk province upland crop fields were higher in the order of Portulaca oleracea (8.14%), Digitaria ciliaris (6.72%), Echinochloa crus-galli (6.55%), Rorippa palustris (6.00%) and Chenopodium album (5.89%). The composition of major occurred weed families, Compositae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae and Cruciferae were 19, 10, 7 and 6%, respectively. In the winter upland crop fields, the dominant weeds were in the order of Capsella bursa-pastoris (12.36%), Alopecurus aequalis (11.05%) and Stellaria alsine (8.42%). In the summer upland crop fields, the dominant weeds were in the order of Portulaca oleracea (8.58%), Digitaria ciliaris (7.18%) and Rorippa palustris (6.28%). Fiftythree exotic weed species were identified. The results of this study could be useful information for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods on the upland crop fields in Chungbuk province of Korea.

경남지역 밭 잡초 발생분포 및 군락변화

본 연구는 경남지역의 밭에서 발생하는 잡초의 분포현황을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 보리 재배지에서는 21과 55종, 마늘 재배지 22과 56종, 양파 재배지 19과 47종, 배추 재배지 26과 68종, 감자 재배지 22과 54종, 고구마 재배지 25과 62종, 고추 재배지 29과 87종, 옥수수 재배지 28과 79종, 콩 재배지 29과 84종이 발생되었다. 작목별 우점하는 초종은 보리 재배지 뚝새풀 20.7%, 마늘 재배지 황새냉이 12.3%, 양파 재배지 좀명아주 18.7%, 배추 재배지 쇠비름 8.1%, 감자 재배지 좀명아주 13%, 고구마 재배지 바랭이 12.6%, 고추 재배지 바랭이 12.6%, 옥수수 재배지 11.3%, 콩 재배지 바랭이 13.2%로 발생되었다. 동작물 재배지에서는 뚝새풀, 황새냉이 및 좀명아주가, 하작물 재배지에서는 바랭이, 쇠비름, 깨풀이 가장 문제시 되었다. 이러한 잡초 발생 정보는 경남지역 밭잡초 관리방안 수립에 기여할 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to provide basic information for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species in upland crop fields in Gyeongnam province of Korea. The result of this survey, 55 weed species 21 families in barley fields, 56 weed species 22 families in garlic fields, 47 weed species 19 families in onion fields, 68 weed species 26 families in Chinese cabbage fields, 54 weed species 22 families in potato fields, 62 weed species 25 families in sweet potato fields, 87 weed species 29 families in red pepper fields, 79 weed species 28 families in corn fields, 84 weed species 29 families in soybean fields. The most dominant weed species in upland crop fields of Gyeongnam province were Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis 20.7% (barley fields), Cardamine flexuosa 12.3% (garlic fields), Chenopodium ficifolium 18.7% (onion fields), Portulaca oleracea 8.1% (Chinese cabbage fields), Chenopodium ficifolium 13% (potato fields), Digitaria ciliaris 12.6% (sweet potato fields and red pepper fields) and Digitaria ciliaris 11.3% (corn fields), 13.2% (soybean fields). This information could be useful for establishment of future weed control methods in Gyeongnam province.

우리나라 밭작물 재배지 잡초 발생 및 분포현황

우리나라 밭에 발생하는 잡초를 조사하여 각 작목별 문제잡초의 현황을 파악하고 잡초방제의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 2014년 4~5월 및 7~8월에 2회 실시하였다. 밭에 발생하는 잡초는 총 50과 375종으로 국화과 73종, 화본과 44종, 마디풀과 25종, 십자화과 21종, 콩과 20종 등의 순이었다. 이들 잡초를 생활형으로 구분하면, 일년생 162종, 월년생 78종, 다년생 135종이었다. 보리, 마늘, 양파 등 동계작물 재배지에는 45과 287종, 고추, 콩, 옥수수 등 하계작물 재배지에는 47과 339종이 발생되었다. 우점도별 상위 10초종은 바랭이, 쇠비름, 깨풀, 흰명아주, 속속이풀, 돌피, 한련초, 중대가리풀, 냉이, 참방동사니 순이었다. 외래잡초는 25과 129종으로 흰명아주, 개비름, 망초, 좀명아주, 미국가막사리, 털별꽃아재비 등이었다. 밭잡초 발생정보는 향후 잡초발생 예측, 잡초군락 변화 그리고 밭잡초 방제의 기초자료로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Surveys of weed species on upland fields were conducted in Korea to investigate the occurrence of weed flora from April to May 2014 for winter crop fields and from July to August 2014 for summer crop fields. From the nation-wide survey, 375 weed species in 50 families were identified and classified to 162 annuals, 78 biennials and 135 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most weed species belonged to Compositae (73 species). 44 and 25 weed species belonged to Poaceae and Polygonaceae, respectively, and these 183 weed species in the most five families accounted for 49% of total weed occurrence. While 287 weed species in 45 families occurred in the winter crop fields, 339 weed species in 47 families occurred in summer crop fields. The most dominant weed species in Korean upland fields were Digitaria ciliaris, followed by Portulaca oleracea, Acalypha australis, Chenopodium album, Rorippa palustris etc. 129 weed species in 25 families were considered as exotic weeds. Based on the importance analysis, the highest value was C. album followed by Amaranthus lividus, Conyza canadensis etc. This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in upland fields of Korea.