South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute Research Articles

СЕЗОННЫЙ РИТМ РАЗВИТИЯ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИХ ВИДОВ РОДА SORBUS L. В ЮЖНО-УРАЛЬСКОМ БОТАНИЧЕСКОМ САДУ

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the results of phenological observations of introduced Sorbus L., their adaptation; to highlight the most stable and promising species for cultivation in the Bashkir Cis-Urals. A brief description of nine European rowan species from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFRC RAS (Ufa) is given, included in the sections: Sorbus C. Koch – S. aucuparia L.; Lobatae Gabr. – S. × thuringiaca (Ilse) Fritsch, S. × hybrida L., S. intermedia (Ehrh) Pers., S. mougeotii Soy – Willem. et Godr., S. teodorii Liljef.; Aria Pers. – S. aria L.; S. × latifolia (Lam.) Pers.; Chamaemespilus G. Hedi – S. chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz. The average growing season for European species is 151–171 days, the shortest for Western European S. aria is 151 days, the longest for local S. aucuparia is 171 days. As a result of cluster analysis of phenophases, the studied species were divided into 4 groups: early-blooming and early-flowering, mid-blooming and mid-finishing, late-blooming and late-blooming and late-ending. Differences in the timing of the onset of the main phenological phases may be genetically associated with species characteristics or with their origin, which, in different natural conditions of continental Europe, bloom, blossom, bear fruit and end the growing season at different times. Most of the studied European species (with the exception of S. aria) are characterized by unpretentiousness, so they can be used as an ornamental crop when creating landscape compositions and in private gardens. New to the collection, S. teodorii and S. × latifolia have proven themselves to be promising species with high winter hardiness and resistance, which will expand the range of tree and shrub plants in the Bashkir Cis-Urals.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА TANACETUM L.

The purpose of the study is to study the biochemical parameters of three species of the genus Tanacetum: T. balsamita L. (balsamite), T. balsamitoides Sch.Bip. (P. balsamonosa) and T. vulgare L. (P. vulgare). For the study, we used the raw materials of tansy produced by OJSC Krasnogorskleksredstva, a wild-growing type of tansy harvested in the Ufa District of Bashkiria, and we also used the raw materials of balsam tansy and balsam-like tansy, grown in the botanical garden-institute (Ufa). For chemical analysis, plants were harvested at the beginning of flowering, cutting off shoots at a level of 10–15 cm from the ground. The raw materials were dried using the air-shade method under canopies in ventilated rooms, laid out in a thin layer and stirred periodically. The raw materials were packaged and stored in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation (OFS.1.1.0019.15) at room temperature in a dry room, not infested with pests, with good ventilation, without direct sunlight. Commodity analysis of raw materials was carried out by generally accepted pharmacopoeial methods according to the following indicators: moisture, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid. Qualitative detection of biological active substances was carried out using qualitative reactions and chromatographic research methods. Quantitative determination of ascorbic acid (FS.2.5.01.06.18), tannins (OFS 1.5.3.0008.18) and organic acids (FS.38) in tansy flowers was carried out by titrimetric methods, determination of essential oil content by steam distillation (OFS.1.5.3.0010.15). The commodity indicators of the raw materials of the studied tansy samples: moisture, total ash and ash insoluble in a 10 % hydrochloric acid solution do not exceed the content standards specified in the pharmacopoeial monograph. The chemical composition of the studied tansy species contains valuable biologically active substances, among them essential oils, tannins, ascorbic acid, and organic acids, which may allow the use in scientific medicine not only of T. vulgare, but also of T species used so far only in folk medicine balsamita and T. balsamitoides, which successfully passed the introduction test at the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Influence of substrate and plant growth regulators on the rooting of Chrysanthemum

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of the substrate and plant growth stimulants on the rooting of cuttings of some varieties of Chrysanthemum coreanum (H. Lev. & Vaniot) Nakai garden group ‘Multiflora’. Four varieties of Chrysanthemum introduced into the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (‘Sunbeam Bronze Bicolor’, ‘Meridian Red’, ‘Ditto Dark Pink’ and ‘Daybreak Apple Blossom’) were used as research objects. We examined the influence of two types of substrates (sand and vermiculite) and four growth stimulants on the rooting of chrysanthemums (Zircon, Lignohumate brand AM potassium, Beres Super seaweed extract, Beres AminoComplex). It was revealed that the treatment of chrysanthemum cuttings with plant growth regulators contributed to an increase in the number (by 7−117%) and length of roots (by 3−118%) in the majority of the studied objects. It was noted that positive results from the use of preparations were obtained when chrysanthemum cuttings were placed in vermiculite, in contrast to options with sand as a substrate. It has been shown that the greatest effect is noticeable when cuttings are soaked in Beres AminoComplex and Beres Super solutions compared to the control option. Varietal differences in chrysanthemums to the effects of root formation stimulants during vegetative propagation have been revealed. Thus, in the varieties ‘Ditto Dark Pink’ and ‘Daybreak Apple Blossom’, an improvement in the biometric parameters of cuttings was observed when rooted in vermiculite after exposure to plant growth regulators. It was noted that when chrysanthemum cuttings are soaked for three hours, in contrast to their wetting, the number of roots increases by 38−88% in all variants of the experiment.

ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНТРОДУКЦИИ SCHIZANDRA CHINENSIS (TURCZ.) BAILL. НА ЮЖНОМ УРАЛЕ

The peper presents the results of a long-term introduction studying of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. The aim of the research was to assess the prospects for the introduction and introduced stability of the Chinese lemongrass collection of lianas of the South Ural botanical garden-institute of the Ufa Federal research center of the RAS (Bashkir Cis-Urals, northern forest-steppe) for the subsequent expansion of the range of plants recommended for cultivation in the regions of the Southern Urals. Observations of the seasonal rhythm of development were carried out over 8 years (2014-2021) for 7 phenophases. The assessment of introduction stability was carried out in accordance with the scale of N.V. Trulevich. The completeness of the passage of the shoot development cycle, the stability of rhythmic processes, the vital state, the preservation of the life form and the rate of ontogenesis, and renewal were assessed. According to the results of our research, we have revealed that the lemongrass has successfully passed the introduction tests. This species under culture conditions consistently passes all phases of seasonal development and is adapted to local climatic weather conditions. It has high winter hardiness, and is also decorative throughout the growing season. The duration of the vegetation period during introduction is more than 5 months. An integral assessment of the data allows us to attribute the taxon to the first group of prospects for introduction, Chinese lemongrass is a highly resistant plant. The culture is promising for use in recreational areas of Ufa and other settlements of the Southern Urals.

Параметры засухоустойчивости некоторых представителей рода Tilia L. при интродукции и в городских насаждениях

Abstract. Drought resistance of plants is the key to successful cultivation of new taxa under climatic conditions. Linden is a valuable ornamental, melliferous and medicinal woody plant, often used for landscaping certain areas. The purpose is the determination of indicators of drought resistance of some species and varieties of lindens from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the conditions of introduction and urban environment. Methods. The objects of research were 3 species, 1 cultivar and 1 form of the linden collection (Tilia cordata Mill., T. caucasica Rupr., T. × europaea L. f. vitifolia (Host) V. Engl., T. platyphyllos Scop. ‘Aurea’, T. taquetii C. K. Schneid.), as well as specimens of Tilia cordata from urban plantations in Ufa. The total water content, water-holding capacity and the amount of mobile moisture in the leaves are found according to generally accepted methods. Results. The indicators of drought resistance of linden species and cultivars under the conditions of introduction and the urban environment have been determined. It has been established that almost all taxa are sufficiently drought-resistant in the climatic conditions of Ufa. The maximum indicators of water content and water-holding capacity, as well as the minimum amount of mobile moisture, were found in the variety T. platyphyllos ‘Aurea’ from the collection of the botanical garden (70.2 %, 30.7 %, 39.4 %, respectively). It has been confirmed that T. cordata from urban greenery tolerates technogenic loads well; some indicators of drought resistance of this species are higher than in the botanical garden. T. taquetii turned out to be the least drought-resistant of all the taxa studied, which is probably due to sharp differences in the climatic conditions of natural origin from the conditions of introduction. Scientific novelty. For the first time for the city of Ufa, comparative studies of the drought resistance of some representatives of the genus Tilia under the conditions of introduction and the urban environment were carried out.

Anatomical Structure and Phytochemical Analysis of the Leaf, Stem and Root of Hydrangea Tree (<i>Hydrangea arborescens</i> L.)

The relevance of the study is due to insufficient knowledge of the biological characteristics of hydrangeas. The aim of the research was to identify the anatomical and diagnostic features, as well as the chemical composition of the arborescent hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens L.) from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a result of the research, it was found that the diagnostically significant features of the leaf of this type of hydrangea are the structure of the cells of the epidermis of the upper and lower sides of the leaf, the presence of an anomocytic stomatal apparatus on the lower side of the leaf, crystalline inclusions of calcium oxalate in the form of rafids on the upper and lower sides of the leaf, and simple hairs with coarse warty surface, multicellular base, as well as simple sinuous hairs on the underside of the leaf. Phytochemical analysis of leaves, stems and roots confirmed the presence of coumarins, ascorbic acid and tannins in them, and flavonoids in leaves. It has been established that the highest content of ascorbic acid (0.28 ± 0.014%) and tannins (7.13 ± 0.639%) is observed in the leaves of Hydrangea arborescens, coumarins in terms of umbelliferone in the roots (0.41 ± 0.007%), and the content of flavonoids in the leaves was 1.14 ± 0.048%.

Comparative Analysis of the Component Composition of Flowers in Some Species of the Genus <i>Syringa</i> (Oleaceae)

Abstract—Due to the insufficient knowledge of the lilac flowers component composition, a comparative analysis of 6 species of the genus Syringa L. from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center RAS was carried out. S. emodi Wall., S. josikaea Jacg., S. komarowii Schneid., S. reticulata (Blume) H. Hara ssp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S. Green et M.C. Chang, S. sweginzowii Koehne et Lingelsh, S. vulgaris L. were studied. The content of the major groups of biologically active compounds, namely flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins and organic acids, was established. The highest content of all identified groups of biologically active substances (BAS) was found in flowers of S. komarowii: flavonoids ‒ 4.25 ± 0.21%, hydroxycinnamic acids ‒ 6.13 ± 0.29%, tannins – 9.3 ± 0.5%, ascorbic acid ‒ 0.468 ± 0.022%, and organic acids ‒ 10.7 ± 0.5%. In S. emodi and S. sweginzowii the content of these BAS is little less than in S. komarowii, and the minimum amount of BAS was found in S. josikaea. A comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative profiles of the BAS major groups in some lilac species cultivated in the Republic of Bashkortostan shows the prospects for their further study with the objective of their possible use in scientific medicine, and for the development of herbal remedies.

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAW MATERIALS OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS POTENTILLA L. FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE SOUTH URAL BOTANICAL GARDEN-INSTITUTE OF UFA FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTER OF RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

The genus Potentilla L. is the most extensive species of the Rosaceae family. Potentillas are found in all ecological niches: on open rocky slopes, along river banks, on the edges of forests. At the same time, in addition to the pharmacopoeial species – erect cinquefoil (P.erecta L.) – other species of the genus Potentilla L. are currently of scientific interest, since they also contain a wide range of biologically active compounds, which determines their pharmacological effect. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the chemical composition of the aboveground and underground parts of some representatives of the genus Potentilla L., introduced in the conditions of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of SciencesQualitative reactions made it possible to determine the presence of ascorbic acid and tannins in the studied raw materials. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of oxalic (Rf=0.14), tartaric (Rf=0.36), citric (Rf=0.39), ascorbic (Rf=0.62) and malic acids (Rf=0.80). As a result of a quantitative analysis of the raw materials of four representatives of the genus Potentilla L. (P. erecta, P. alba, P. rupestris, P. chrysantha), it was revealed that the maximum accumulation of ascorbic acid is observed in leaves (0.47–0.64%), organic acids – in flowers (4.32–6.28%), tannins – in roots (14.25–24.78%). Despite the fact that the accumulation rates of some groups of biologically active substances in the pharmacopoeial form (P. erecta) are higher than in the studied taxa, Potentilla P. alba, P. chrysantha, P. rupestris also contain a significant amount of biologically active substances and are of interest for further study.

БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА OCIMUM (БАЗИЛИК) В БАШКИРСКОМ ПРЕДУРАЛЬЕ

This paper presents the results of an introductory study of three representatives of aromatic plants from the Ocimum genus: O. x africanum, O. basilicum var. purpurascens, O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora. The peculiarities of the main phenological phases, biomorphological and reproductive indicators are studied, the information on agrotechnics of basil cultivation in culture in the Bashkir Cis-Urals (Ufa) is given. The studies of the biological features of the above basil taxa were carried out in 2021–22. in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFRC RAS at the collection site of aromatic plants (Aromatic Garden). It has been established that under conditions of introduction in the Bashkir Cis-Urals, basil taxa undergo a complete cycle of life development, including the formation of full-fledged seeds. Plants grow perfectly, develop, form a welleveloped aboveground mass. The studied basil taxa can be widely used to create aromatic gardens, used as medicinal raw materials and in cooking as a spice.

Introducing Schizandra chinensis into the Southern Urals

Long-term introduction of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. was studied studying. The aim of the research was to assess the introduction resistance of Schisandra chinensis from the collection of lianas of South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The 7 phenological growth stages were studied in 2014-2021. The prospects for introduction were determined according to P.I. Lapin and S.V. Sidneva, introduction resistance was assessed by the method of N.V. Trulevich. The following parameters were assessed: completeness of shoot development cycle, stability of rhythmic processes, vital state, life form, rate of ontogenesis, and renewal. According to the results of the research, lemongrass plants successfully passed the introduction tests. The species stably goes through all phases of seasonal development under cultivation, it is adapted to local climatic conditions and has high winter hardiness. Moreover, Schizandra chinensis is highly decorative throughout the growing season (more than 5 months). In accordance with the integral assessment, the taxon is assigned to the first group of prospects for introduction; Schisandra chinensis is a resistant plant. The crop is promising for use in recreational areas of Ufa and other settlements of the Southern Urals.

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF LONICERA CAERULEA L. AND ITS SUBSPECIES DURING IN-TRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE BASHKIR URALS

Lonicera caerulea L. and its subspecies Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis (Turcz. ex Freyn) Hulten and Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica Pall. belong to the genus Lonicera L. family Caprifoliaceae Juss., they are valuable fruit plants that are used in medicine, food industry, agriculture. The value of these species lies in the early ripening of fruits and a high content of vitamin C and other biologically active compounds.
 The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of the main groups of biologically active substances – organic acids and tannins, in the fruits of three species of the genus Lonicera from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute and the selection of the most promising species. For analysis, honeysuckle fruits were collected in the full ripening phase and dried to an air-dry state. Phytochemical studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods.
 As a result of the study, it was found that all the studied honeysuckle samples contain citric, malic, succinic, oxalic, ascorbic acids, and tartaric acid in Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis. According to the quantitative content of ascorbic acid and the sum of organic acids, a species is distinguished in Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis, whose fruits contain 174 and 1723 mg/100 g respectively, and in Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica and Lonicera caerulea their content is below. The analysis of fruits for the content of tannins showed, that they are dominated by substances of condensed nature, which are based on catechism, and in a larger amount they accumulate in Lonicera caerulea – 426 mg/100 g in a smaller amount – in Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis – 171 mg/100 g.
 The obtained data allow us to recommend the studied species of the genus Lonicera as a promising source of raw materials for the creation of medicinal plant products based on them, enriched with vitamins and other valuable biologically active substances on their basis.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЗАСУХОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ЛИЛЕЙНИКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ БАШКИРСКОГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ

The paper presents the results of studies of the peculiarities of the water regime and drought resistance of 6 species of the genus Hemerocallis L. introduced into the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of study were H. citrina Baroni, H. dumortieri E. Morren, H. fulva (L.) L., H. lilioasphodelus L., H. middendorffii Trautv. et C. A. Mey., H. minor Mill. The experiments were carried out during the growing seasons of 2020-2021 on the basis of the laboratory for the introduction and selection of flowering plants. In the course of the experiments, the seasonal dynamics of such indicators of the water regime as total water content, water retention capacity and water deficiency in leaves of Hemerocallis were determined. The analysis of the parameters of the water regime is based on the method of artificial wilting and the method of saturation of plant samples. The data obtained were processed using standard statistical methods using Microsoft Excel 2003. As a result of the research, based on the average values of water holding capacity, total water content and water deficit, we developed a scale for changing the parameters of the water regime of leaves for a comparative assessment of the drought resistance of Hemerocallis, which makes it possible to differentiate daylily taxa into groups with varying degrees of drought tolerance (high, medium and low). Thus, H. citrina and H. fulva were assigned to the group with a high degree of drought tolerance; H. dumortieri, H. lilioasphodelus, H. middendorffii, H. minor were assigned to the group with an average degree of drought tolerance. Under the same soilclimatic and agrotechnical conditions, the range of indicators of the total water content of Hemerocallis was 68.8-83.6%, water-holding capacity - 19.8-65.1, water deficit - 2.2-13.62%. In general, all the studied species of daylily are promising for cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Pre-Ural.

Chemical Composition of Lipophilic Fractions of Raw Material Crataegus Rivularis Nutt

Aims: study of the composition of lyophilic substances in the raw materials of Crataegus rivularis Nutt.
 Study Design: experimental laboratory studies of dry plant materials.
 Place and Duration of Study: Bashkir State Medical University, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Volga Research Medical University and Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences from August 2021 to May 2022.
 Methodology: Using gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector, lipophilic fractions of the fruits, shoots, flowers, leaves and fruits of riverine hawthorn, harvested in 2021 in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, were studied.
 Results: In general, the shoots and leaves of Crataegus rivularis accumulate compounds of the class of steroids, phytosterols, terpenoids, saponins and phenolic compounds, which suggests that the raw material may have additional pharmacological properties, such as hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant.
 Conclusion: The results obtained show the good prospects for further studies of the composition of hawthorn extracts to expand the possibilities of phytotherapy.

Toxic elements of hazard class I in ornamental herbal permanent plants

Technogenic emission of heavy metals (HM) leads to their accumulation and migration in the “soil-plant” system. Herbaceous perennials occupy a significant place among the landscaping components exposed to toxicants. The purpose of the research is to study the accumulation and distribution of elements of hazard class I in plants of the genus Iris L. The research was carried out in 2020-2021 on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute. Objects of study: soil of the site and plant organs (Iris orientalis, I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica, I. spuria subsp. carthaliniae). The elemental composition was determined by the atomic absorption method with electrothermal atomization. The distribution of pollutants was evaluated using the biological absorption coefficient (BAC), total cumulation in vegetative and generative, as well as underground and aboveground organs. It is shown that the content of mobile forms of HM and metalloids in the soil does not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) and averages: Cd – 0.03, As – 0.59, Pb – 0.48 mg/kg. It was found that the distribution of cadmium in organs depends on the species: both basipetal (I. orientalis – 0.05 mg/kg) and acropetal accumulation of the element (I. spuria subsp. carthaliniae – 0.05 mg/kg) are possible. Accumulation in above-ground organs exceeds cumulation in roots from 1.4 to 7.5 times. It was determined that the values of CBA for cadmium differ from 0.27 to 1.56. It was shown that the roots of I. orientalis, I. pseudacorus, I. spuria subsp. carthaliniae perform a barrier function and accumulate arsenic in amounts exceeding the MPC (0.67-0.85 mg/kg). The root system of I. sibirica does not prevent the entry of the toxicant concentrated in the generative organs at a concentration exceeding the MPC (0.61-0.78 mg/kg). It was determined that the CBA of arsenic in the leaves of all species is <1. Lead uptake is species-independent, as evidenced by close total elemental values, similar organ distribution, and consistently high MAC. A predominantly above-ground concentration of the pollutant was revealed (3.4-5.1). The result of the regression analysis showed that the content of the mobile form of lead in the soil does not affect its accumulation in the leaves.

Vascular plants occurrences in the Southern Urals industrial towns (Sterlitamak and Salavat).

BackgroundThe paper presents datasets of plant species of two industrial cities Sterlitamak and Salavat (Republic of Bashkortostan) is presented. These cities are part of the Southern Bashkortostan urban agglomeration and are amongst the three largest in the Republic. The population of Sterlitamak is about 276,000. There are large oil refineries and other large industrial transport infrastructure facilities. Datasets are prepared on the basis of long-time field research by Ya. Golovanov (2008 - 2016). Technical preparation of the datasets was carried out by M. Lebedeva and M. Drap. The herbarium samples are stored in the herbarium collections of the South Ural Botanical Garden Institute and the Ufa Institute of Biology (UFA). The data paper describes three datasets on species occurrences. It presents occurrences of species in different types of habitats (anthropogenically transformed and semi-natural). The datasets consists of 5,462 occurrence records totally. Most of the records (5,359) are georeferenced.New informationThe total number of records in three datasets is 5,462. They contain of vascular plant species occurrences in the two industrial cities of the Southern Urals (Sterlitamak and Salavat). There are both alien and natural species occurrences in different types of habitats (antropogenically transformed and semi-natural).

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА СОРТОВ ЛИЛЕЙНИКА ГИБРИДНОГО В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ БАШКИРСКОГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ

A comprehensive assessment and selection of the most valuable taxa suitable for use in landscaping under certain natural and climatic conditions is one of the most important tasks of introduction studies of ornamental plants. The article presents the results of a comprehensive variety assessment, a study of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development, and morphometric characteristics of 20 hybrid daylily varieties (Hemerocallis hybrida hort.) in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS. An assessment of the decorative and economically valuable qualities of daylily varieties was given on a 100-point scale, including 11 traits: color, size and shape of a flower, plant habitus, height of the flower stalk, abundance of flowering, originality, reproductive ability, duration of flowering, sustainability in unfavorable conditions, resistance to diseases and pests. As a result of our variety assessment of Hemerocallis hybrida hort., the entire studied assortment was divided into 3 groups according to the prospects for use in decorative floriculture. 8 highly promising varieties (‘Bela Lugosi’, ‘Bestseller’, ‘El Desperado’, ‘Ledgewoods Jumstar’, ‘Moon Over Monteray’, ‘Pardon Me’, ‘Red Rum’, ‘Stella de Oro’) have been identified for cultivation under conditions of Bashkortostan Republic. They are distinguished by their bright color and original flower shape, abundant and long flowering, strong peduncle, and high reproductive capacity. Nine varieties are characterized by medium prospects (‘Artic Snow’, ‘Cherry Eyed Pumpkin’, ‘Final Touch’, ‘Frans Hals’, ‘Macbeth’, ‘Mini Stella’, ‘Pandoras Box’, ‘Sea of Cortez’, ‘Tooth’); 3 − are unpromising (‘Night Embers’, ‘Prince of Lemon’, ‘Strawberry Candy’). All studied varieties can be used in various types of flower decoration under the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Urals.

Biological features of the Himalayan lilac (&lt;i&gt;Syringa emodi&lt;/i&gt; Wall. Ex Royle) during introduction in the Bashkir Cis-Urals

The article presents the results of a long-term (2005-2017) introduction study of Syringa emodi Wall. ex Royle, cultivated in the South Ural Botanical Garden Institute of the UFIC RAS. As a result of phenological observations, it was revealed that S. emodi belongs to the flowering ones in terms of medium flowering - the beginning of flowering is observed on average on the end of May. The duration of flowering is 18-22 days. Pollen viability is lower than that of other types of lilacs in the collection and is 13%. Fruiting annually, the level is slightly lower compared to other species. Seed germination is 82-86%. Winter hardiness is relatively high, only in very severe winters is freezing of annual shoots observed. The total score in the evaluation of decorative characters of S. emodi was 76 points out of 100 possible. For a number of signs, introduction stability was determined by 87 points. The conclusion is made about the successful introduction of S. emodi in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the possibility of widespread use of this species in landscaping settlements in the region.

Биологические особенности образцов Allium nutans L. в Башкирском Предуралье при интродукции

Abstract. The purpose – to study under cultural conditions in the Bashkir Cis-Urals three samples of Allium nutans L.: Bashkir, Novosibirsk (broadleaf and narrow-leaved form). Studied: phenology, biomorphology, reproduction, agricultural technology and biochemical composition. Methods. The study was conducted in 2017–2020 at the collection site of onions in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFRC RAS. Analysis of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development, winter resistance, resistance to adverse weather conditions, pests and diseases, reproduction rate and seed productivity was carried out according to generally accepted recommendations. Results. Drooping onion is a long-lasting medium-late-flowering plant. Spring growth of A. nutans samples occurs in the 2nd–3rd decade of April, leaf growth in the spring is initially expressed in accelerating the growth processes of last year's etiolated leaves, and only then new young leaves come to the soil surface. The appearance of the flower arrow occurs in mid-June, the beginning of budding falls on the 2nd–3rd decades of June and lasts 30–35 days. Novosibirsk samples bloom in mid-July, the Bashkir sample – a week later. The flowering phase lasts an average of 35–41 days. Seeds ripen in August-September. In Novosibirsk samples, seeds mature in 16–19 days, in the Bashkir sample – in 25 days. The maximum number of seeds forms the Bashkir sample 647–1031 pcs. (average 835.0 ± 53.5). Scientific novelty. For the first time, the biochemical composition of samples of this onion was made and analyzed. According to the maximum accumulation of vitamin C and carotene, the Bashkir sample differs (104.92 mg% and 166.4 mg/kg, respectively). In the Novosibirsk sample (narrow-leaved form), the maximum amount of sugar and starch (8.8 and 6.12%, respectively) and the minimum amount of vitamin C (41.53 mg%) were found. The Novosibirsk sample (broadleaf form) contains more protein (17.06%) and a minimum amount of carotene (83.2 mg/kg). According to other indicators (solid, nitrogen, raw fat), the studied samples differ little from each other.

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS SORBUS L. IN COL-LECTION OF THE SOUTH-URAL BOTANICAL GARDEN

Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) is a valuable medicinal and food plant that is widely used in practical medicine and in amateur horticulture.&#x0D; The purpose of this study was to determine the content of ascorbic acid, organic acids, tanning substances and flavonoids in the fruits of some representatives of the Sorbus genus of the collection of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute and to identify the most promising taxa. For analysis, fruits were collected in the full ripening phase and dried to air-dry state. Phytochemical studies were carried out according to conventional methods. The object of comparison was the official pharmacopoeia species – Sorbus aucuparia.&#x0D; Analysis of the obtained data found that the fruits × Sorbocotoneaster pozdnijkovii and Sorbus sibirica outperformed the natural form (Sorbus aucuparia) in terms of ascorbic acid content by 11.54 and 43.27%; Organic acids by 24.11 and 60.84%; Tanning substances by 3.49 and 43.23%; Flavonoids by 44.19 and 12.79%, respectively. The obtained results allow to recommend these taxa as promising sources of raw materials for production of biologically active substances in production of natural food products and food additives.

Characteristics of spontaneous flora of the South-Ural Botanical garden-institute

Characteristics of spontaneous flora of the South-Ural Botanical garden-institute