South Tamil Nadu Research Articles

Correlation of Stature and Hand Dimension Among Medical Students of South Tamil Nadu, India

Background & Objectives Estimation of stature from the incomplete skeletal remains have importance in personal identification in the events of murders, accidents or natural disasters and considered as one of the biggest challenges of forensic science. Objectives: To study the relationship of stature in relation with hand dimensions and to derive a mathematical model to predict the stature from hand dimensions. Methods This cross-sectional study was done among 50 medical students studying at a medical college in South Tamilnadu. Age, gender, hand dimensions and height of all the subjects were noted. Pearson correlation was done to find the correlation between hand dimensions and height. Linear regression was used to derive the equations to predict the stature of an individual using various dimensions of hands. Results The mean age of the study population was 20.06 ± 1.28 years. Regression equations were derived to predict the stature of an individual with length and breadth of right and left hand. There was statistically significant positive correlation between stature and dimensions of both right and left hand. Linear regression equations were derived to predict the stature of an individual with any of the hand dimensions. Interpretation & Conclusion Hand dimensions have statistically significant positive correlation with the stature. The length or breadth of the right or left hand can be used to predict the stature of an individual. Keywords: Breadth of hand, Height, Identification, Length of hand, Linear regression, Prediction, Stature.

Influence of weather factors on population dynamics of major insect pests in moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) in south Tamil Nadu

Influence of weather factors on population dynamics of major insect pests in moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) in south Tamil Nadu

Impact of Financial Management Practices on Performance Measurement of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tamil Nadu

Small and medium enterprise (SME) development is essential for India’s economic expansion. SME is an important participant in the development of accessories that supports major industries. The current study is focused on the variables impacting performance measurement in SMEs, despite the fact that many small and medium businesses are experiencing significant losses and closures as a result of poor performance. The next goal is to determine the connection between small and medium business performance management and financial management practices. This study uses SME performance measurement as a dependent variable. Risk management, working capital management and credit management are three independent factors that can be used to assess SME financial management practices. The questionnaire that was used for each item was based on the earlier research. A five-point Likert scale was used to score each item scale used in this investigation. Working people in a few districts in South Tamil Nadu, India and used online structured questionnaires to gather data. The present sample size of the study is 157. The statistical data analysis has been carried out employing jamovi 1.8. For factor loading, reliability, sample size, model fit, regression analysis for hypothesis testing and structural education modelling were used. Policymakers and SME entrepreneurs who are familiar with performance measurement of many elements can benefit from the study’s findings. The study found a relationship between SMEs’ performance measurement and financial management practices.

Geophysical and geochemical studies on sinking stream occurrence in Ayankulam village of South Tamilnadu, India

Geophysical and geochemical studies on sinking stream occurrence in Ayankulam village of South Tamilnadu, India

Perceptiveness and Attitude on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Dentistry among Dentists and Non-Dentists - A Regional Survey

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool in modern medicine and the digital world. AI can help dentists diagnose oral diseases, design treatment plans, monitor patient progress and automate administrative tasks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perception and attitude on use of artificial intelligence in dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning among dentists and non-dentists’ population of south Tamil Nadu region in India. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional online survey conducted using 20 close ended questionnaire google forms which were circulated among the dentists and non -dentists population of south Tamil Nadu region in India. The data collected from 264 participants (dentists -158, non-dentists -106) within a limited time frame were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: 70.9% of dentists are aware of artificial intelligence in dentistry. 40.5% participants were not aware of AI in caries detection but aware of its use in interpretation of radiographs (43.9%) and in planning of orthognathic surgery (42.4%) which are statistically significant P < 0.05.44.7% support clinical experience of a human doctor better than AI diagnosis. Dentists of 54.4% agree to support AI use in dentistry. Conclusion: The study concluded AI use in dentistry knowledge is more with dentists and perception of AI in dentistry is optimistic among dentists than non -dentists, majority of participants support AI in dentistry as an adjunct tool to diagnosis and treatment planning.

Multiple Micronutrient Deficiency Among Adolescent Girls with Normal Nutritional Status - Need for Fortified Nutritional Support in Rural Settings of South Tamil Nadu, India

Introduction: Adolescents contribute to one fifth of the world's population and is a high priority lifecycle stage for nutrition needs and intervention. Nutritional deficiency, including micronutrients, hinders their normal growth and development. Improving adolescent girls’ nutrition has reproduction-related benefits and serves as a unique opportunity to break the vicious cycle of intergenerational structural problems. The objective is to estimate the prevalence of anaemia, micronutrient deficiency and nutritional status among adolescent girls in rural India. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 241 adolescent girls in rural Tirunelveli, India with 220 blood samples. Results: The mean age of 241 adolescent girls was 13.8±1.4 years and nutritional status was normal, overweight, obese, thin and stunted in 81.7%, 14.5%, 3.3%,0.4% and 4.6% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia, iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia were 37.2%, 34.5% and 12.3%. Except for selenium, the estimated micronutrient deficiency levels were Vitamin B12 - 40.9%, Copper-30.9%, Zinc-13.6% and Iodine- 11%. Only 19.1% girls had adequate levels of all micronutrients. Vitamin B12 deficiency was more in girls who were overweight (p<0.05). Conclusion: Multiple micronutrient deficiency with normal nutritional status is high among adolescent girls with Vitamin B12 deficiency higher than Iron. Multipronged strategies, including introducing micronutrient fortified healthy snacks in schools, might bring greater acceptance and improvement in nutritional health among these girls.

Revolutionizing Flood Defense in Chennai and South Tamil Nadu: A Cutting-Edge Approach with LLMs, AWS Glue, and GCP Vertex for Elevated Shelter Design

Revolutionizing Flood Defense in Chennai and South Tamil Nadu: A Cutting-Edge Approach with LLMs, AWS Glue, and GCP Vertex for Elevated Shelter Design

Association between Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Its Importance as a Genetic Biomarker

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a prevalence ranging from 18.8% to 61.9% in India. For patients with T2DM, identifying those who are at risk of developing DPN is crucial for planning and implementing secondary preventive interventions, as well as for stepping up efforts to address risk factors. Very few studies have discovered a connection between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms and the onset and progression of DPN in T2DM. Objectives: The current study intends to investigate the relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism with T2DM and DPN subjects among the South Tamil Nadu regional population. Materials and Methods: Thirty T2DM patients with DPN, 30 T2DM patients without DPN, and 30 control (nondiabetic) subjects were enrolled in this study. DPN was diagnosed using clinical and neurophysiological evaluation. Blood samples were collected and subjected to relevant investigations including blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and serum lipids. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to genotype the DNA for ACE I/D polymorphism using specific primers. Results: The ACE genotypes were distributed as II, 17 (57%); DD, 3 (10%); and ID, 10 (33%) in control group; II, 7 (23%); DD, 11 (37%); and ID, 12 (40%) in T2DM without DPN group, II, 3 (10%); DD, 16 (53%); and ID, 11 (37%) in T2DM with DPN group. The frequency of DD genotype was significantly higher in T2DM (P = 0.03) and T2DM patients with DPN (P = 0.001) compared to controls. The DD genotype versus II genotype was found to be associated with an increased risk of DPN (odds ratio [OR] = 10.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] =2.55–41.37). The D allele was more frequent among T2DM patients with DPN (71.6%) followed by T2DM patients (56.6%) compared to controls (26.6%). The D allele (vs. the I allele) is associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.670–7.742) and DPN (OR = 6.95, 95% CI = 3.120–15.507). Conclusion: The D allele and DD genotype of the ACE gene may both be risk factors for T2DM; in fact, the D allele of this polymorphism may potentially be linked to the development of DPN in T2DM patients. This finding implies that it may be possible to prevent DPN by early detection by identifying defects in ACE I/D polymorphisms in the south Indian regional population.

Pattern of alcohol consumption among alcohol consumers in a rural area of Tamil Nadu: a community based descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Alcohol consumption is the world’s third largest risk factor for disease and disability; in middle- income countries, it is the greatest risk. Alcohol is attributed to nearly 3.2% of all deaths and results in a loss of 4% of total DALYs. Aim and objectives were to study the pattern of alcohol consumption among alcohol consumers and to assess the factors influencing it among them. Methods: This study was conducted in the Milaganoor village in south Tamil Nadu with alcohol habit; All male with alcohol consuming habit above 13 years of age were included in the study and none were excluded from the study. The data was using a semi structured questionnaire. The data collected were consolidated and analyzed using SPSS software; The descriptive statistics were used in the study. Results: In study there were 1200 male and 1500 female. In only 900 males were with alcohol habit; 62.2% of male alcoholics illiterate; While seeing source of alcohol 94.4% of alcoholics taking alcohol in TASMAC without bar; 61.1% taking quarter amount of alcohol; 94.4% of alcoholic drink alcohol for fun; 27.7% for peer pressure; 46.6% drink alcohol to forget worries; 83.3% drink alcohol to relieve stress; 66.6% drink to get rid of withdrawal symptoms. Conclusions: It can be concluded that early age of onset and peer pressure are the alarming challenges for the eradication of this social evil. Low education and having a family history of alcohol use are more at risk to it. Health education is the most required intervention to reduce the burden of alcohol use.

Profile of Splash, Sharp and Needle-Stick Injuries Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India.

Background and objective Among biological hazards faced by healthcare workers, one of the most commonly reported is sharp-related injury. Needle-stick and sharp injuries transmit infectious diseases, especially blood-borne viruses. The conditions in which these exposures occur vary. Reporting of exposure and proper post-exposureprophylactic measures are important in controlling blood-borne infections in healthcare workers. Better analysis ofsuchaccidents is an important toolto reinforce exposure preventive measures. Hence, we conducted a study to describe the profile of splash, sharp and needle-stick injuries among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital. Methods A record-based cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care hospital, in south Tamil Nadu. All healthcare workers who have reported needle stick, sharp, or splash injuries during the last five years in the hospital were included. Data was extracted from post-exposure reports maintained in the hospital. Results are expressed in mean, standard deviation and percentages. Results A total of 189 healthcare workers (HCWs) had reported instances of splash, sharp and needle stick injuries in the last five years. The most common exposure was needle prick (86.2%), followed by splash of fluids (7.4%). The majority of HCWs were from the nursing department (44.4%), and the most commonly reported place of exposure was the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (30.3%), followed by inpatient wards. The associated activity in the majority of the injuries/exposures was the transfer of sharps or cleaning surfaces (26.4%), followed by blood withdrawal (25.7%). After the exposure, 99.5% of HCWs washed the wound immediately. In a total of 135 exposures, the identity of the source, and thus, the serological status was known. Among these, hepatitis B was the most common (17.8%), followed by HIV (11.9%). All exposures related to unknown sources were considered positive exposure and were managed accordingly. Among the HCWs with possible seropositive exposure to hepatitis B, antibody titres were recorded and HBV Immunoglobulin (low titre), and vaccination were administered accordingly. Among the possible HIV exposures, 97.1% of HCWs initiated post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). All probable hepatitis C exposures were given counseling and advised to follow up. No seroconversion at six months of follow-up has been recorded till now. Conclusion Healthcare workers are constantly at risk of exposure to splash, sharp and needle stick injuries, and although all categories of workers are at risk, nurses are at particularly high risk. A variety of activities can result in injury or a splash of fluids and so preventive activities, including health education, should be focused on all areas of healthcare and for all healthcare workers. More awareness is needed among healthcare workers regarding post-exposure prophylaxis.

Clinical and coronary angiographic profiling in young patient with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction admitted in cardiac critical care unit of tertiary care centre at south Tamil Nadu

Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is associated with a high rate of ischemic recurrence and mortality, causing a significant impact on public health. The present study focuses on the assessment of the risk factors, clinical presentation, angiographic profiling considering severity, and management of extremely young adults (aged ≤45 years) affected with first ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The current study (cross-section) was carried out among 94 consecutive patients with STEMI. The study on patients was carried out between January 2022 and June 2022 at Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, department of cardiology. Results: This study involved 94 patients with a mean age of 37.80 years, 8.5% <25, and 84.9% male patients. Risk factors included smoking, being overweight, diabetes, hypertension, chest pain, syncope, and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The most common symptom was chest pain (98.9%). Left anterior descending (LAD) was the most common culprit artery (26.1%), and ostial LAD was (3.2%). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was done in 53.2% of patients, elective PCI was 26.6%, pharma co-invasive PCI was 24.5%, and primary PCI was 2.1%. The patient was referred to coronary artery bypass grafting was 10.6%. 23.4% of patients had recanalized and normal coronaries, and 36% received medical management. No mortality occurred in this study. Conclusions: Most commonly, AMI is found in very young male adults, and smoking is the commonly associated risk factor. LAD artery involvement was the leading cause of AWMI and the most common presentation observed.

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogens from urinary isolates of diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in South Tamil Nadu

Since diabetes has several negative effects on the urinary tract and host immune system, urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a serious health issue for diabetic people. The majority of individuals with defective genitourinary tracts get complicated UTIs. To avoid morbidity and significant life-threatening conditions linked to co-morbid diabetes and UTIs, quick diagnosis and treatment are required. Effective care of these patient groups will be facilitated by knowledge of the many bacterial agents that cause UTI in diabetes patients and non-diabetic patients, as well as their susceptibility profiles.: This cross sectional study, which was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Virudhunagar, South Tamil Nadu, is aimed to compare the prevalence of UTI, the causative bacteria, and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles in diabetic patients (168) and non- diabetics (150). The existence of urinary tract bacterial pathogens was determined by microbiologic analysis of a urine sample that was collected aseptically. The Kirby Bauer technique was used to screen the isolates for drug susceptibility in order to determine their patterns of antibiotic resistance.: Urinary tract bacterial infections were found in 37.5% and 36.6% of samples from diabetes and non-diabetic people, respectively. species, , and () were the organisms present in the urine samples in the following proportions for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, respectively: 34.92% and 29.09%, 12.69% and 10.9%, 7.93% and 12, 6.34% and 5.45%, 3.17% and 1.81%, 3.17% and 0, 22.2% and 16.36%, 9.52% and 14.54% and 0 and 9.09%. Nevertheless, the difference in the percentages of isolated bacteria was not statistically significant (-value = 0. 856). The majority of the antibiotics tested on bacteria isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic people were extremely effective, particularly Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Piperacillin – tazobactam and Nitrofurantoin for gram negative bacteria and Vancomycin and Amikacin for gram - positive bacteria.: The current study's findings highlight the necessity of doing sensitivity testing before beginning antibiotic therapy for UTI since they might aid in the right selection of antibiotics, ensure that they are used effectively, and thus avoid antibiotic resistance.

Impact of Sustainable Motivation on Faculty Commitment in Arts and Science Colleges

Objective: Teaching is considered as one of the noble professions and the faculties has the responsibility to sculpt the behavior, potential and future of any individual. Teaching is the potential of faculties to convey proficiency, education and their expertise to their students. This study's objective is to investigate and analyse the impact of motivation on faculty commitment. Theoretical Framework: It is proposed that to reduce attrition, to retain faculties and to enhance the efficiency and potential of the faculties, it is necessary for the Arts and Science colleges to enhance and incorporate better motivation and commitment strategies. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive research is opted and 340 faculties from various Arts and Science colleges at south Tamil Nadu region are taken Results and Conclusion: Outcome shows a positive and strong correlation among faculty members' motivation and commitment. When the dimensions (Intrinsic Motivation (IM) and Extrinsic Motivation (EM)) of motivation are considered, it also reveals a strong correlation between the two constructs. Intrinsic Motivation (IM) has an impact on Affective Commitment (AC), Continuance Commitment (CC) and Normative Commitment (NC). Implication of the research: This research also highlights the influence of Extrinsic Motivation (EM) on Affective Commitment (AC), Continuance Commitment (CC) and Normative Commitment (NC). Originality/Value: The variables for Intrinsic Motivation (IM) and Extrinsic Motivation (EM) are limited. In future, longitudinal research with more variables can be taken and analyzed. The research's limitations, as well as recommendations and potential areas for future study, are also covered.

A Study on Usage of Agricultural Engineering Equipment for Various Crops and Yields in South Tamilnadu

Agriculture is one of the unique fields to contribute a major part of Indian economic growth. Engineering machinery plays a vital role in the farming culture in India. The focal point of this research is fully concentrated with Agri engineering equipment and crop yield based on the repository taken from various sources like the internet, agri departments, government agencies, etc. The research study shows statistical proof of crop production and machinery used for farming in the south zone of India. In particular, southern components of Tamilnadu state are taken as a sample for this research. It has been identified paddy is widely cropped in the majority of the districts like Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, etc. Machine learning techniques are now being used in the Agri sectors for the prediction of crop yields and as a result visualization of data done in this research for the various crops and machinery used. It is to conclude that Agri machinery is nowadays used for farming for better yield of the crops.

Bilateral Ultraviolet Keratitis following Exposure to Mercury Vapour Lamp and Unshielded Metal Halide Lamp in a Primary School in South Tamilnadu

Bilateral Ultraviolet Keratitis following Exposure to Mercury Vapour Lamp and Unshielded Metal Halide Lamp in a Primary School in South Tamilnadu

Microplastics accumulation in pelagic and benthic species along the Thoothukudi coast, South Tamil Nadu, India

Microplastics contamination poses a serious threat to marine biota, so the current study was carried out to assess the incidence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of pelagic and benthic species collected from the six sampling sites along Thoothukudi region from January 2021 to December 2021. In the present study, benthic species (0.67 ± 0.14 MPs/indiv) showed a higher abundance of microplastics than pelagic species (0.53 ± 0.11 MPs/indiv). The dominance of microplastic shapes, sizes, colours and polymers found were comparable among both pelagic and benthic species, this being fibre (27.56% and 48.33%), 0.5-1mm (39.78% and 42.94%), blue (50% and 40.85%), and PE (46.24% and 48.18%), respectively. The present study showed that microplastics are ubiquitous in both habitats, which raises serious concerns for public health. Hence, measures focusing on reducing local emissions and plastic waste disposal should be implemented to control microplastic pollution in the marine environment.

Impact of knowledge and perception of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan on the health behavior patterns of rural residents in India

Background and Aim of Study: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) was launched by the Prime Minister of India to accelerate the efforts for achieving universal sanitation. To ensure adequate participation, community must be sensitized about the mission objectives and its role in bringing the desired change. The aim of the study: to assess the knowledge, perception and practices regarding SBA among rural people, and to study the association between their socio epidemiological factors and awareness regarding SBA. Material and Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted for duration of 6 months (April to September 2021) at a rural area of south Tamilnadu. A sample of 250 subjects was included and was administered a predesigned, pretested, semi structured questionnaire. The responses were recorded and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Results: Mean age group of our study participants was 47.6 ± 9.8 years. Television 126 (50.4%) and newspaper 41 (16.4%) were found to be the main source of information about SBA. This study showed out of 250 participants, 142 (56.8%) of them had good knowledge and 174 (69.6%) had good perception score. Our study found a statistical significant association between educational status and level of knowledge and perception score. Conclusions: The present study found that majority of the subjects were aware of SBA and were having positive attitude and perception but very less practicing in our day today life. Increasing awareness regarding health hazards of open-air defecation and improper disposal of solid waste will create a change in their behavior in adopting healthy lifestyle.

Regurgitation on pressure over the lacrimal sac versus lacrimal irrigation in determining lacrimal obstruction prior to intraocular surgeries.

: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of manual regurgitation on pressure over the lacrimal sac (ROPLAS) versus lacrimal irrigation for screening nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in adults prior to intraocular surgeries. This cross-sectional study took place in a tertiary eye care hospital in South Tamil Nadu, India. From January to December 2017 and included consecutive patients who presented for routine cataract surgery. Prospective data collection occurred in 8369 eyes of patients who underwent cataract surgery. All patients underwent ROPLAS testing by an ophthalmologist followed by lacrimal irrigation by trained ophthalmic assistants, rechecked or confirmed in equivocal cases by ophthalmologists who were masked to the ROPLAS status. The primary outcome, the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values to detect lacrimal occlusion by ROPLAS compared with lacrimal irrigation with 95% confidence intervals was estimated. : A total of 8369 eyes underwent cataract surgery during the time periods of the study. ROPLAS and lacrimal irrigation were performed in all eyes. The sensitivity of ROPLAS to diagnose NLDO correctly was 54.5% (95% CI, 44.8%-63.9%) and its specificity was 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%). The positive and negative predictive values were 75.3% (95% CI, 65.6%-83.0%) and 99.4% (95% CI, 99.2%-99.5%), respectively. : We found that ROPLAS when used alone had very low sensitivity and low positive predictive value in detecting NLDO prior to cataract surgery as compared with lacrimal irrigation. Hence, we recommend performing ROPLAS and lacrimal irrigation in every patient as part of the routine preoperative workup prior to cataract surgery.

Clinical Profile & Management Of Acute Pulmonary Embolism In A Tertiary Care Centre At South Tamilnadu In This Covid Era

Clinical Profile & Management Of Acute Pulmonary Embolism In A Tertiary Care Centre At South Tamilnadu In This Covid Era

Spatial, seasonal and ecological risk assessment of microplastics in sediment and surface water along the Thoothukudi, south Tamil Nadu, south east India.

Microplastics are a widespread environmental contaminant that raises serious concern for aquatic organisms. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the spatial and seasonal variation of microplastics, their characteristics, polymer types and the risk assessment caused by the microplastics in six sampling sites along the Thoothukudi region. The average microplastic abundance ranged from 32 ± 26 to 232 ± 229 items/kg and 54 ± 41 to 619 ± 377 items/l in sediment and surface water, respectively, and they exhibited a significant spatial difference among the sampling sites. The microplastic abundance also showed a significant difference among the seasons with the monsoon significantly recording the highest mean microplastic abundance in sediment (160 ± 130 items/kg) and surface water (454 ± 374 items/l). In sediment and surface water, fragment (sediment: 52.72%, surface water: 40.89%), 0.5-1mm (sediment: 43.96%, surface water: 31.11%) and blue-coloured (sediment: 52.33%, surface water: 41.85%) microplastics were dominant with no significant difference both spatially and seasonally. Polyethylene, the dominant polymer, was observed in both the sediment and surface water, accounting for about 47.58% and 49.83%, respectively, and it showed no significant difference among the selected sites. This signifies that they are homogenously distributed along the coast and further suggests that these particles persisted in the sediment and surface water for a longer period of time. The results of the polymer hazard index show that the sediment (PHI = 1181.63) and surface water (PHI = 1018.66) were severely contaminated (hazard level V) with microplastic polymers such as PE, PP, PS, PET and PA. It was also found that the degree of the microplastic contamination in sediment (PLI = 3.57) and surface water (PLI = 3.84) was lower (hazard level I). The overall risk index (RI) for sediment (253.48) and surface water (444.74) falls under the higher risk category. From the correlation analysis, a significantly positive relationship was observed between microplastics in sediment and surface water based on each classification (abundance, shape, size, colour and polymer). This suggests that microplastics rejoin the water column from the sediment through resuspension, which occurs due to the circulation, tides and sedimentation rate. This might be the reason for the higher microplastic abundance in the surface water than in the sediment. As a result, proper management measures to reduce plastic waste disposal in the marine environment should be implemented to lessen the effects of microplastics on marine biota and on public health.