South Sulawesi Indonesia Research Articles

Mandoliong: An Organological Study of a Traditional Stringed Instrument in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi

Mandoliong is considered a traditional musical instrument found in the Bugis community, Wajo Regency South Sulawesi Indonesia. This art functions as entertainment and is performed at wedding receptions, celebrations, traditional and government activities. Mandoliong can be reviewed based on its musical organology. Discussing organology can provide information about the form, way of playing, and the life cultural of the mandalion in people's lives. Mandoliong has a distinctive musical instrument shape and is now very rare. Even a successor to the Mandoliong maker is very diffi cult to find. This raises curiosity about how to make Mandoliong for the younger generation. In the music paradigm, the science that studies the structure and function of instruments is one element of the part of music called organology. This research aims to understand the construction parts and aspects of Mandoliong music. The methods used to collect data were observation, interviews and document study. As a result, the Mandoliong is known to have originated from China where it was acculturated with other models of musical instruments. In general, the shape of a Mandoliong is divided into three parts, namely the head (ulu), body (watang), and keys (tus). The materials and tools used in making the Mandoliong musical instrument are materials that are easily available every day in the people of Wajo Regency. In terms of performance, the Mandoliong musical instrument is performed in ensemble form. The scale produced by the plucked Mandoliong musical instrument is a chromatic scale.

Aphrodisiac Activity of Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) Seeds of Ethanol Extract in Mice

Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), is empirically used by the people of South Sulawesi-Indonesia as an aphrodisiac. Beligo seeds contain alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids, which have the potential to act as aphrodisiacs. The primary objective of this research is to determine the aphrodisiac activity of an ethanol extract from beligo seeds in mice. The procedure entails extraction and aphrodisiac evaluation using introduction, climbing, and coitus test parameters. Aphrodisiac testing was carried out for seven days using 25 mice as experimental animals, divided into five groups. Each group consists of four males and one female. Group I was given Sod. CMC 1% as a negative control; II, III, and IV were given ethanol extracts of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg, 700mg/kg, 1400mg/kg BW, and group V, as a positive control, was given Yohimbine. The results showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW, 700mg/kg BW, and 1400mg/kg BW had aphrodisiac activity (p=0.0001) compared to Sod. CMC 1% based on data on the amount of introduction and climbing. However, based on data on the number of coitus, it showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW (p=0.072) had no aphrodisiac activity, 700mg/kg BW (p=0.007), 1400mg/kg BW (p=0.0001) had aphrodisiac activity compared to Na-CMC 1% and only a dose of 1400 mg/kg BW had the same aphrodisiac activity compared with Yohimbine (p=0.967). It is concluded that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds had aphrodisiac activity.

Efficiency of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in the Phytoremediation of Copper-Contaminated Waters of Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Efficiency of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in the Phytoremediation of Copper-Contaminated Waters of Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Covert Prostitution Mode of Migrant Women in a Dimly Lit Café

This research is a research that explores the mode of prostitution of migrant women in dim stalls, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia. Such research as a study of the phenomenon of "rural culture", and as a reference for decision makers in eliminating the distance of anomy from the practice of prostitution. Illegal prostitution is part of immorial sex, in the form of provocative sexual relations with many men (promiscuity). This study, using descriptive qualitative methods, to describe the phenomenon of prostitution as a pathology containing retretism, neglect of "cultural goals/morals", in building a socio-economic order of society that relies on institutionalized values/regulations. The results showed the rise of dim stalls in Wajo, which are inhabited or managed by migrant women from various regions: Bone, Luwu, Toraja, Makassar and various other regions such as Java and Mamuju. The mode of prostitution in Wajo, under the guise of selling coffee drinks, boiled instant noodles, is offered to visitors truck drivers, public transport car drivers and other visitors. The women offered this merchandise but behind that he also offered sex services with a single service of Rp. 120,000,- Rp. 200,000, depending on the agreement. Tips made by women in offering sex services to visitors with verbal seduction or with silence, which indicates they expect sex services.

Status of pink ear emperor (Lethrinus lentjan) fishery in the Sinjai and Bone waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

The pink ear emperor (Lethrinus lentjan) is a type of coral fish belonging to the Lethrinidae family, they usually eat mainly at night, namely benthic invertebrates or fish. L. lentcan included in the main family of food coral fish that live in coral reef ecosystems and in sandy bottom coastal waters. Good management of fisheries resources is by utilizing fish populations without having to deplete fishery resources. If fishing is carried out continuously without taking into account the ability to renew, over exploitation will occur. The research was conducted from March to May, 2023, in Sinjai and Bone waters, south sulawesi Indonesia which focused on fishing ports with L. lentjan landing potential. The highest class length was obtained in Sinjai Regency and in Bone regency which was negative allometric. Lc in Sinjai regency uses basic gillnet, and in Bone regency 21.9 uses basic longline. Gender comparison between L. lentjan males and females in Sinjai regency is 45% : 55%. Meanwhile for Bone regency it is 41% : 59%. L. lentjan males and females have a ratio of 1: 1.43 with the results of the chi square test tcount < ttable, this condition shows that H0 accepted, there is no real difference between the number of male and female biota. gonad maturity level L. lentjan in Sinjai regency it is 24 cm with a length range of 23 – 25 cm, and in Bone regency it is 24.6 cm with a length range of 24-25 cm.

Boarding Service Governance Model in Islamic Boarding Schools in South Sulawesi Indonesia

This study aims to identify and overcome challenges in the governance of boarding services in Islamic boarding schools. The needs analysis reveals problems with dormitory facilities, including capacity, number, proficiency, and the quality of dormitory coaches. This research develops a structured HASANAH boarding service governance model by highlighting three aspects: Boarding Services, Management Principles and Quality Management, and HR/Dormitory Coach Roles. The model's validity, practicality, and effectiveness are evaluated to improve the quality of boarding school services. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method with a systems approach consisting of four stages: (1) Preliminary study stage; (2) Model development stage; (3) Product validation and trial phase; and (4) Model production stage. Data is sourced from the results of validation of education experts and management about the content and construct of the model, as well as assessment data from cottage managers, teachers/coaches, and students about the quality of Islamic boarding school services. The instruments used are questionnaires, observation sheets, and interviews. Research data analysis techniques use quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results provide a detailed picture of development conditions and needs through average values and percentages for each aspect. Testing the validity and practicality of the model shows a high level of acceptance and usability on the part of Islamic boarding schools, supporting the conclusion that this model is valid and practical to be applied as one of the guidelines in the governance of boarding services. The evaluation of the model's effectiveness highlights its positive impact on improving the quality of boarding services. With the positive results of the trial, it can be concluded that this model is able to make a real contribution to improving aspects of boarding services in the Islamic boarding school environment. This research provides an in-depth view and potentially significant solutions to improve the governance of boarding services in South Sulawesi.

Increasing the Role of the Centre of Peace, Conflict, and Democracy (CPCD) Unhas to Prevent Continued Social Conflict

This service activity aims to enhance the impact of the Center of Peace, Conflict, and Democracy (CPCD) in the Wajo District by raising participants’ comprehension of conflict resolution and honing their negotiation abilities. The CPCD team has determined that conflicts between the residents of Wajo and PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) stem from disputes over land use rights (HGU). The research center at Hasanuddin University assisted in conflict areas, specifically in South Sulawesi and eastern Indonesia. Furthermore, CPCD delivered messages in training to identify possible opportunities for conflict resolution. To evaluate the outcomes of the training, the securitization approach was utilized, which focuses on the actions taken by actors such as local government officials, for example regents, sub-district heads, and village heads. The training results show that their level of understanding is increasing, and the CPCD’s approach is novel in this region.

Role and Political Strategy of Women Village Heads in Development of Rural Politics

The current study is a research on the political roles and strategies of women village heads in rural political development. The study was conducted in Parenreng Village, Pangkep, South Sulawesi Indonesia. Women undeniably, play a strategic role in every area of village political development. Village women’s work is not just “complementary development,” but also the subject of a role that has “control and power.” The research conceptualization used is structural-functional theory while the method used is descriptive qualitative approach. The research findings show that the work and strategies of women village heads are: (a) Village political development, carried out directly, with empathy for humanizing; (b) Putting the interests of a small and modest society above the interests of the advanced people; and (c) Urgent and strategic development of rural infrastructure. Economic empowerment must always be encouraged with the principle of togetherness and solidarity. The progress and political strategies of women village heads thus show that women play a crucial role in the political role of rural development.
 Keywords: female village heads and rural politics

Development of Integrated Tourism Destinations Based on Contextual Marketing vis-à-vis Digital Marketing

The tourism sector has experienced expansion, diversification, and intensification of sustainable management as one of the largest and fastest growing economic sectors in the world because it is developed in an integrated manner based on contextual or conventional marketing and virtual marketing, called digital marketing at once. This research article analyzes and explains the importance of contextual marketing as the basis of the value creation process for the development of integrated tourism destinations. The data, information, and knowledge regarding the focus on the research locus in the Province of South Sulawesi Indonesia were obtained through observations of several leading tourism destinations along with the author’s experience of visiting tourist destinations in the country and abroad as benchmarking. In addition, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with stakeholders on tourism destinations. Qualitative descriptive analysis was carried out following an interactive model which included data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and verification or concluding. The results of the study found that the development of integrated tourism destinations based on contextual marketing strategies is related to generic marketing functions that are applied to strengthen tourism functions as a leading sector of sustainable multi-dimensional development. The development is carried out contextually or conventionally and virtually or referred to as tourism marketing in the air while still revitalizing the content, context, and infrastructure of tourism marketing. The success of integrated tourism development in the eyes of the public can be seen from the existence of social learning and knowledge creation processes that form a harmonious partnership-collaborative relationship in a Hexa-helix pattern. The basic values and value orientation of integrated tourism destination development both contextually and virtually or digitally marketing can be achieved when togetherness has become a necessity that is practiced. The effectiveness of its implementation is carried out - at least - through the 7-C’s public relations communication (PRC) approach which consists of credibility, context, content, clarity, continuity and consistency, channels, and capability of the audience as the basis of digital marketing.
 Keywords: tourism destinations, marketing mix, contextual marketing, digital marketing, hexa-helix

Indonesian secular vs. Madrasah schools: assessing the discrepancy in English reading and listening tests

The greater emphasis on the significance and difference in English performance between the school types has mainly been investigated across Asian countries. However, not much is known about what language skills differentiate their overall language achievement. Using a quantitative study with comparative analysis, this study measured the reading and listening skills of 1319 Indonesian students who were selected using a stratified sample design and grouped them into secular (Sekolah, n = 726) and Islamic (Madrasah, n = 593) groups. The samples were selected from 9205 of the total population of secondary school students, in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia. The three-way ANOVA results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in reading and listening subskills between the groups. Highly significant results of Madrasah students in reading and listening subskills indicate they are better at constructing what text means in a variety of contexts, as a literary experience in reading texts and obtaining general and specific information from listening tests compared to those attending secular schools. Poor performance of boys and students who enrolled in public secular schools may become the main explanation for achievement gaps across the groups. The main and interaction effects of the school system, sectors, and gender on the tested subskills were also explained in this study. Additionally, the result of the DIF test confirmed that the equity of the tested items between them was supported.

Voltage Stability Assessment at Integrated Electric Power System with Wind Power Generation in South Sulawesi Indonesia

Voltage Stability Assessment at Integrated Electric Power System with Wind Power Generation in South Sulawesi Indonesia

Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in South Sulawesi-Indonesia: A population-based cross-sectional study

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant receives only breast milk without any additional food or drink given which is started from the day 1 to 6 months old. Breast milk has been considered to be the greatest food source for babies as it contains various substances and antibodies that are important for baby's growth and development. Purpose: To investigate the factors influencing exclusive breast feeding on mothers at Dahlia Health Center of Mariso District, Makassar, South Sulawesi.Method: The observational study design by using cross sectional approach. The population of this study was mothers with children aged between 6- 24 months in the working area of Dahlia Health Center in 2020. The total population was 343 mothers. The sampling technique used in study was purposive sampling with a total sample of 80 people.The research data were analysed by using SPSS application with a Chi square test.Results: The findings of this study indicated various results on different variables. It was shown that p value was 0.030 (&lt;0.05) for the variable of mothers’ age; p value was 0.009 (&lt;0.05) for the variable of mothers’ education; p value was 1,000 (&gt; 0.05) for the variable of mothers’ employment; p value was 0.538 (&gt; 0.05) for the variable of family income; p value was 0.037 (&lt;0.05) for the variable of mothers knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding; and p value was 0.000 (&lt;0.05) for the variable of family support. Conclusion: From these results, it could be concluded that there are relationships between the variables of mothers’ age, education, work, family income, knowledge, and family support and the commitment of mother to breastfeed their children.

The Implementation of English Medium Instruction (EMI) at the Public Secondary Schools in South Sulawesi Indonesia: Students’ Voices

This article presents analysis and discussion of research data focusing on the students’ attitudes and perceptions of EMI program implementation strategies in the secondary schools level in South Sulawesi Province. Three Public International Standard Schools that run EMI and non-EMI Programs were selected as sample of the study. The data has been drawn from student questionnaire responses and student group interviews. Seventy seven (77) EMI students and 84 non-EMI students completed the questionnaire. Eight students from each school were selected as focus group interview participants. The data from questionnaire was analysed using SPSS Program, and the data from focus group interview was analysed using NVivo software. The study found that the Chi-square test result suggests that in these three schools, EMI and non-EMI programs have significant differences in their preferences (p=0.000). EMI students preferred the EMI program and non-EMI students preferred non-EMI programs. Futhermore, the students said they experienced difficulties studied in the program. Despite the fact that students experienced difficulties in coping with the new learning situation in the EMI program, the majority felt satisfied with the program because they realised there were some benefits. The students interview responses also highlighted three factors detracting from EMI program implementation: lack of teachers’ language support; lack of English environment in the school; and bilingual learning materials. Detailed findings will be presented and their implications discussed.

Ritual Performance as Gradual Recognition: Sere Bissu Maggiriq Dance of South Sulawesi Indonesia

This article delves into the intersection of performance and recognition by taking an example from Sere Bissu Maggiriq (SBM) dance, a self-stabbing ritual performance of the transvestite shaman in South Sulawesi called bissu. Drawing on performance theory that mediates the distinction between ritual and performance, and recognition theory that emphasizes the intersubjective relation, we argue that SBM serves as a means for the bissu to be gradually recognized in the wider public. First, SBM is becoming the most noticeable way for the bissu to show their magic, beauty and invulnerable body in the face of marginalization they have experienced caused by cultural rationalization driven by modern science and technology that render the bissu’s rituals and practices irrelevant. Second, SBM represents the bissu subject position, representing the interchangeability of femininity and masculinity within the ritual performance, which challenges the hegemony of gender construction that only recognize male and female identities. Third, the shift of SBM from ritual to ritual performance has made the bissu more visible, and thereby provides an entry point for the wider public to gradually recognize the bissu subject position as androgynous beings. Fourth, due to its growing popularity, SBM also serves as a means of survival for the bissu, as it becomes a portal for them to establish a new generation.

Analysis of land use/land cover change and erosion hazard levels in the social forestry area of KPH Ulubila, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Changes in land use/land cover are part of the dynamics of nature, both changes caused by natural disasters and human activities. The need for land by humans encourages the acceleration of land cover change, especially from forests to non-forests. The rate of change in land cover will affect the hydrological state so that the land becomes very critical. One of the things that causes land to become critical is erosion. One of the policies carried out to reduce the rate of change in land cover, reduction of erosion area and empowerment of communities around forests is the Social Forestry program. Social forestry refers to any forest utilization activity by the community in providing products for their own use or generating local income. The case study in this study is the social forestry of KPH Ulubila. The results of the analysis in 2013 and 2022 showed that the highest decline in the agricultural/crop land class with an area of 87.96 ha or equivalent to 89.20% and secondary second forest was 681.86 ha or equivalent to 27.50% of the area of social forestry. In other classes, there was an increase in agricultural land, namely in the plantation class of 267.83 ha or 467.19%, agricultural mixed of 160.73 ha or 7.20% and paddy area of 25.31 or 18.42%. In the condition of plantation forests, there was an increase of 35.43%, shrubland of 23.05% and open land of 400.94%. The rate of change in land cover has affected the magnitude of the change in the extent of erosion. This change leads to poor conditions because the area of the very low (<15 tons / ha / year) decreases by 45.94% and low (15-60 tons / ha / year) 2.19%. The addition was actually seen in the very heavy (>480 tons/ha/year) 21.57%, moderate (60-180 tons/ha/year) 28.29% and heavy (180-480 tons/ha/year) 6.45%.

Flood vulnerability analysis using the frequency ratio method with the watershed ecosystem in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Bulukumba Regency is located in the Province of South Sulawesi. It is one of the main tourist destinations and phinisi boat industry that provides much economic added value for the community and local government. Apart from these advantages, the problem of flooding is an obstacle and has a detrimental impact on the regional economy. Drainage problems, weather anomalies, and land function experts in the upstream area are factors in the occurrence of floods in Bulukumba Regency. This study used remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) combined with the Frequency Ratio (F.R.) method to create flood vulnerability maps. The parameters in this study are based on literature studies, data availability, and research site conditions such as rainfall, earth curvature, river distance, marbles, altitude, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), soil texture, soil permeability, geology, and land use/land cover (LULC). The results of the identification of flood events obtained a total area of flood events, namely 6,345 ha, which was identified with the highest F.R. value in the closure of pond land and coastal sand beds, sand soil texture, and lithology, namely alluvium rocks. Validation was obtained for the success rate with a value of 0.895 and the prediction rate with a value of 0.887. It shows the weight that falls into the good category. The area of insecurity has a high of 7.20% and high of 1.69%.

Comparison of morphology characteristics of F1-hybrid and F2-backcross hybrid of local and Pekin ducks in Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparison of morphology characteristics of two groups (the F1 and F2 backcross of Local and Pekin ducks at 25 weeks of age) in South Sulawesi Indonesia. The research material used 14 ducks males and 10 ducks females of F1 and 7 ducks males and 14 ducks females of F2-backcross. The data were measured on live weight, shank length, bill length, bill width, wing length, chest circumference, neck length, drumstick length, and thigh length. All mean differences of quantitative data from those two groups were analyzed using Independent T-test. The results showed that the performance of body dimensions of the F1 and F2-backcross of male and female ducks were relatively equal in performance concerning live weight, shank length, bill length, and neck length, respectively. The highest and positive correlation exists between shank length with chest circumference and drumstick (r=0.78) of F1 backcross female duck, between live weight with shank length (r=0.72) of F2-backcross female duck, between shank length with chest circumference (r=0.59) of F1 male duck and between live weight with chest circumference (r=0.84) of F2-backcross male duck, respectively. All measured variables had a coefficient of variation on both generations were less than 15%, except the bill width of the F1 male duck (41.79%) and both sex of thigh length of the F1 duck (24.68% and 23.68%, respectively).

Sociological and Political Constraints of Islamic Sharia Enforcement in South Sulawesi Indonesia

The objective of this study is to examine the challenges encountered by Islamic Sharia Enforcement Committee in South Sulawesi by analyzing the responses of charismatic ulama. Qualitative methods, such as observation, interviews, and documentation, were employed to conduct a descriptive and critical analysis. The result showed that the primary obstacle to the wider acceptance of the idea lies in the sociological rejection of ulama. Ulama opposed the plan due to their epistemological understanding of Sharia and strategic approach to advocating it within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Politically, they gave a substantive and cultural notion instead of formalistic and structural discourse because there are no circumstances in South Sulawesi that may force the state to grant special autonomy like in Aceh. The contemporary thinking of ulama is shaped by education and practical experience, enabling them to consider contextual factors openly. The views of the Indonesian ulama on implementing Islamic Sharia are influenced by political failures, genuine religious beliefs, and political accommodations made to address Muslim aspirations. Furthermore, the results showed a decreasing trend in the scripturalist-formalistic approach to enforcing Islamic Sharia, while the substantialistic tendency is growing in popularity.

Effect of the Number of Rows and Cultivars of Soybeans on Damage Intensity of Pest and Predator Populations in Corn-Soybean Intercropping, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Background: Soybean productivity in Indonesia remains low yield due to the occurrence of pests and diseases. Here, our study aimed to determine the number of soybean rows and varieties in the soybean-corn intercropping system and the damage level, pest and predator populations. Methods: The study used a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was soybean varieties (Dena-1, Detap-1 and Deja-1) and the subplots consisted of monoculture (soybean); three rows of soybeans and two rows of corn; four rows of soybean and two rows of corn; six rows of soybean and two rows of corn. Result: The six rows of soybeans and two rows of corn showed the lowest attack rate of Spodoptera litura and Etiella zinckenella, the lowest population of Aphis glycines and Riptortus linearis, the highest predatory population of Crocothemis servilia and Coccinella sp. and the highest predator populations of Euborellia annulata. The highest attack rate of S.litura was in Dena-1. In contrast, the highest intensity of E.zinckenella pest damage was in Dena-1 and Deja-1. The corn-soybean intercropping was recommended as the best practice for sustainable agriculture production due to facilitating in the increase of growth of predator population and reducing the level of crop damage due to pest attacks.

Prediction of Land Use Change in Catchment Area of Buttu Batu DAM, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Land use change is generally caused for social, economic, and cultural reasons. Still, it has occurred not only in urban areas but almost all areas, such as upstream watersheds or catchment areas. Land use is a natural resource influenced by soil, climate, topography, and geology that determine the potential for various uses such as natural water sources, agriculture, transportation, and renewable energy. So this study aims to look at changes in land use and factors that influence these changes. The regional boundary is in the form of the Batu-Batu catchment area as the location of the hydropower dam with a capacity of 2x100 megawatts. It is planned to be built. The geographic information system (gis) is used to see land use changes. Land use projections use cellular automata analysis by looking atgrowth trends and targets on landusesimsoftware.landusesim begins with the neighborly process by entering and managing landuse data as an initial transition map into a potential transition map.The catchment areabuttu batu,which affects the dam plan, has an area of 371,191.77 ha. The existing catchment area of buttu batu is dominated by dryland agricultural land in the form of seasonal crops. Land use projections for 100 years see changes in land use area in several classes, the largest occurring in the land use of dryland agricultural areas with an area of 26,092.24 ha or an increase of 94.78%. Landuse in the form of settlements also increased by 3,223.44 ha or with a percentage change of 5.22 percent. Factors influencing land change in the catchment area include road access, settlement, and riverdistance.