South Marmara Region Research Articles

The Importance of seismic microzonation under the threat of an earthquake of the north anatolian fault in nilüfer, bursa, turkiye

The Nilüfer district experienced the most recent urbanization among the central districts of Bursa in South Marmara region with the completion of rapid construction. Since 358 BCE, many destructive earthquakes were reported on the branches of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) which caused extensive damage to buildings and loss of life near Bursa city. Besides some studies conducted to define the soil behavior in the vicinity of Bursa, a seismic hazard study in Nilüfer is still lacking. We, therefore, carried out a microzonation study including the following steps. First, an earthquake hazard analysis was conducted and the peak ground acceleration (PGA) values were determined for an expected earthquake. In the next step, MASW (Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Wave) measurements conducted at 54 points in 28 neighbourhoods of Nilüfer district were evaluated. Soil mechanical parameters were determined at 11 boreholes to assess the liquefaction potential. It was found that almost half of the study area suffers from low damage considering only the vulnerability index (Kg) index, which depends on the site effect. Therefore, in addition to the Kg values, we created a microzonation map using the results of soil liquefaction, settlement, changes in groundwater level, and the average values of spectral acceleration. The study area is classified by four damage levels changing from low to high. Using only the Kg index could not quantify the potential damage level in the study area, thus we showed that the districts of Altınşehir, Hippodrome, Ürünlü and Alaaddinbey, Ertuğrul, 29 Ekim, 23 Nisan, Ahmetyesevi and Minareliçavuş were identified at potentially high-risk damage zones. The results of this study clearly showed that considering the Kg index, which depends only on the local site effect, may lead to inadequate damage values.

Vitamin D status in children in the South Marmara Region in Turkey

Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the age, gender and seasonal differences in vitamin D levels in children and to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Materials and Methods: Between January 2022 and December 2023, the records of children aged 0-17 years who underwent serum 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25 (OH) D) levels in the pediatric outpatient clinics of our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Children were divided into four groups according to age (0-1, 2-5, 6-11 and 12-17 years); three groups according to 25 (OH) D levels (vitamin D deficiency (below 12 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (between 12-20 ng/mL) and vitamin D sufficiency (above 20 ng/mL)); and four groups according to seasons. Results: The 25(OH)D levels of 41899 children, 19738 (47.1%) boys and 22161 (52.9%) girls, was 18.6 ng/mL (3-145); and was lower in girls than boys (16.8 ng/mL (3-136) in girls and 20.3 ng/mL (3-145) in boys p

Liman İşletmelerinde Kadın Yönetici Algısı: Güney Marmara Limanlarında Bir Araştırma

The participation of women in the workforce is increasing day by day. In many sectors, women are competing at the management level alongside men. However, the maritime sector remains one of the male-dominated industries despite the increasing number of female employees. This study aims to examine perceptions regarding the participation of women in port management, specifically in the male-dominated maritime sector and port operations. Three major port enterprises operating in the South Marmara region constitute the sample of the study. A survey was conducted to measure the perceptions of female managers in port management. The data were subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis, and the results were analysed using t-tests to determine whether perceptions differed based on the management level of the participants. As a result of the research, the majority of participants rejected the commonly accepted belief that the sector is not suitable for women. Research results do not show any difference at the manager and officer levels. The research findings are considered a positive and inspiring outcome that challenges dominant perceptions of women in leadership positions at the management level.

Identification of Turkish extra virgin olive oils produced in different regions by using NMR (1H and 13C) and IRMS (13C/12C)

AbstractIsotope ratio mass spectroscopy (IRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques are two of the analytical methods that are used to characterize food products. The aim of this study is to classify extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) samples collected from different regions of Turkey based on 1H and 13C NMR spectra along with IRMS δ13C carbon isotope ratio data by using chemometrics multivariate data analysis methods. A total of 175 EVOO samples were analyzed in 2014/15 and 2015/16 harvest seasons. Multivariate classification and clustering models were used to identify geographical and botanical origins of the EVOOs. IRMS results showed that there was no significant difference in terms of δ13C values between the years in terms of harvest year (p > 0.05), only extraction phase and variety were statistically significant factors (p < 0.05). The interactions of the factors showed that the harvest year × variety interaction is important. The outcomes of this research clearly indicated that considering the partial least squares discriminant analysis result with NMR spectra, the percent success of the model in the South Marmara, North Aegean, and South Aegean region samples were 95%, 95.7%, and 96.4% in the model set, respectively. The results showed that by using classification and clustering models, geographic marking and labeling of these oils can be carried out regardless of differences in year and production systems (2 and 3 phase extraction system) according the NMR analysis.

The Relationship Between Nursing Students’ Attitudes Towards Nursing Diagnosis and Their Professional Values

ABSTRACT
 Purpose: The research was planned to examine the relationship between the attitudes of nursing students against the nursing diagnoses and their professional values.
 Methods: The sample of this descriptive and correlational study consisted of 147 second, third- and fourth-year nursing students in the nursing department of a state university at the South Marmara Region. Personal information form was used to collect data, Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale was used to evaluate attitudes towards nursing diagnoses, and Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised was used to evaluate professional values. The scales were converted into an online questionnaire in the Google® Survey database and were sent to students via electronic communication programs.
 Results: The mean age of the students participating in the study was 21.16±1.43. It was determined that the professional values score averages of students were at a high level with 120.54±10.76, and their attitudes towards nursing diagnosis mean scores were quite positive with 124.82±15.87 and there was a moderately strong positive relationship between them (r=.472 p< .01).
 Conclusion: This study showed that there is consensus among the majority of students that NANDA nursing diagnoses is a professional classification system that enables nursing care to be delivered in a safer and systematic way. Adoption of professional values by nursing students is an important element to provide an understanding of nursing knowledge and science. Nursing diagnoses are the visible face of nursing science in patient care. These two issues should be emphasized at every stage of nursing education in terms of the visibility of the nursing profession.
 
 Keywords: Attitudes; nursing diagnosis; nursing students; professionalism

Spatial and temporal analyses of airborne particulate matter in South Marmara Region of Turkey

Spatial and temporal analyses of airborne particulate matter in South Marmara Region of Turkey

Investigation of offshore wind characteristics for the northwest of Türkiye region by using multi-criteria decision-making method (MOORA)

The trend towards clean and natural energy sources is inevitable in light of the growing demand for energy in the current age. In line with these needs, the tendency for wind energy is unavoidable, and it is increasing every year. For this reason, in addition to onshore wind energy fields, there is an obligation to use offshore ones. Since it has a high rate of wind energy efficiency, it has become important to install wind power plants on offshore sites in recent years. Although there are no offshore wind power plants in Türkiye yet, studies are ongoing. Data obtained from WindPro software between 1992 and 2022 were used for the analysis of the wind energy potential of the Northwest (i.e. South Marmara) region of Türkiye. To select the most suitable location for offshore wind turbines, the analysis was carried out using the MOORA method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. According to the obtained data and the selected criteria, the most suitable places in the Southern Marmara Region were sorted.

The status of Bovine and Ovine Breeding in the TR22 South Marmara Region, Roughage Production, Adequacy and Importance of Roughage in Animal Nutrition

Bu çalışmada, TR22 Güney Marmara (GM) bölgesinde büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvancılığın mevcut durumu, bölgenin arazi varlığı, yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliği ve kaba yem yeterliliği değerlendirilerek kaba yemlerin ruminant beslemedeki önemi tartışılmıştır. Balıkesir ve Çanakkale illerini içine alan TR22 GM bölgesi 24 400 km2 yüzölçümü ile Türkiye yüzölçümünün %3.11’ini, yaklaşık 1.8 milyon kişi ile nüfusunun %2.13’ünü, 792.8 bin ha tarım alanı ile tarım alanlarının %2.1’ini oluşturmaktadır. Balıkesir ili Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Milli Hasılası’nda tarım sektörünün payı %12.9 iken Çanakkale’de ise bu oran %18.1’dir. Bölgenin işlenebilir tarım alanlarının %29’una (1.5 milyon dekar) yem bitkileri ekilirken, üretilen yeşil ot 5.6 milyon tondur. Bu miktar, Türkiye yeşil ot üretiminin %9’u olup, Türkiye’de yem bitkileri ekili alanların %8’ini oluşturmaktadır. TR22 GM bölgesi 765 356 baş büyükbaş ve 2 272 056 baş küçükbaş hayvan varlığıyla Türkiye büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan varlığının sırasıyla, %4.2 ve %4.7’sine sahiptir. Bölge, 1 079 613 ton çiğ süt üretimi ve yaklaşık 57 bin ton kırmızı et üretimi ile Türkiye süt üretimine %4.7’lik, kırmızı et üretimine %4.8’lik katkı sağlamaktadır. Bölgenin ruminant hayvan varlığına göre hesaplanan kaba yem ihtiyacı 2.15 milyon ton, bölgede yem bitkileri ile meralardan elde edilen kuru ot miktarı ise 1 648 908 tondur. Balıkesir’de üretilen kaba yemin il ihtiyacını karşılama oranı %63, Çanakkale’de %100 iken bölgede ise %77 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hayvancılıkta, karlılık, sürdürebilirlik ve sağlıklı bir üretim, kaliteli ve ucuz kaba yem teminine bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, TR22 GM Bölgesinde kaba yem açığını gidermeye yönelik olarak projelerin geliştirilmesi, yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliğinin artırılması ve meraların iyileştirilerek korunması gerekmektedir.

Examining knowledge and traditional practices of mothers with children under five in Turkey on diarrhoea according to education levels

Background Diarrhoea still ranks among the top causes of the deaths of children under five years old in the world. In solving this important health problem, it is necessary and imperative to know the health-related knowledge levels of mothers who take care of the child individually and the traditional practices they perform when their children are sick, in order to provide effective health education. Aim This study aims to examine the knowledge levels and traditional practices of mothers with children younger than 5 years old regarding diarrhoea in relation to their education levels. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey. The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of mothers with children under the age of 5 who lived in the metropolitan city Bursa in the South Marmara Region of Turkey. The survey was applied among the mothers of children under the age of 5 using the snowball sampling method via mobile platforms. The data were collected via Google Forms using a “Socio-Demographic Data Collection Form”, an “Information Form on Measuring the Knowledge Level of Mothers on Diarrhoea” and a “Form on Main Traditional Practices Used When Children Have Diarrhoea in Turkey” prepared by the researchers after a review of the relevant literature. Results In the study, the mean total diarrhoea knowledge score of the participating mothers was found to be 22.01 ± 3.72 (high). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the total diarrhoea knowledge scores of the participants and other variables. The difference in the knowledge scores based on education levels was statistically significant (p < .001). The most prevalently preferred traditional practice in the case of children's diarrhoea was “feeding the child banana” (92.5%). Conclusion Maternal education level is determined to be a significant variable that positively affects diarrhoea knowledge levels. KEY MESSAGES Diarrhoea continues to be among the top five preventable causes of death in the world and Turkey among children under the age of 5. The knowledge level of mothers about diarrhoea plays an important role in diarrhoea management. The level of knowledge about diarrhoea differs according to the education level of mothers. Traditional practices have an important place in the management of diarrhoea by mothers.

Evaluation of serum indirect haemagglutination test results of suspected cystic echinococcosis cases from 2009-2017.

This study aims to evaluate the serological, radiological and epidemiological analysis of suspected cystic echinococcosis patients, and to assess the positivity rate in the region. The retrospective study was conducted at Bursa Uludag University Hospital, Turkey and comprised data from January 2009 to December 2017 related to patients of either gender with suspected cystic echinococcosis who underwent indirect haemagglutination testing. Demographic and clinical data of patients who tested positive were analysed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 23. Of the 3910 patients with a mean age of 41.6±19.35 years (range: 0-93 years) who underwent indirect haemagglutination testing, 692(17.7%) tested positive; 390(56.4%) females, and 302(43.6%) males. The highest seropositivity rate 107(15.5%) was observed in 2011, followed by 104(15%) in 2016. Seropositive cases were predominantly seen in those aged 40-49 years 131 (18.9%), followed by those aged 50-59 years 124 (17.9%). Cystic echinococcosis was found to be a public health problem in South Marmara region of Turkey.

Spatial and temporal analyses of airborne particulate matter in South Marmara region of Turkey

Spatial and temporal analyses of airborne particulate matter in South Marmara region of Turkey

Occurrence of leek yellow stripe virus and onion yellow dwarf virus from edible Allium plants in the south Marmara region of Turkey.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03067-1.

Serologic and Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Layer Flocks in South Marmara Region of Turkey

Background: Due to the economic impacts of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in poultry, it is essential to have a fast, reliable and accurate diagnostic test to diagnose the infection.&#x0D; Aims: It was aimed to examine the presence of MG in the South Marmara Region of Turkey where extensive commercial layer flocks exist by RPA, ELISA and real-time PCR.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In the study, 981 sera and 160 tracheal swab samples (20 swabs per each flock) obtained from eight layer flocks were examined for the presence of MG-antibody by RPA, ELISA, and the presence of MG by real-time PCR, respectively.&#x0D; Results: MG-seropositive flock rate was determined to be 100% by RPA. Twenty-three of the RPA positive sera in each flock LA, LB, LC, LD, LF, LG, and 17 RPA positive sera in flock LE (due to 17 positive RPA sera obtained) were examined for the presence of MG antibody by ELISA, and MG-seropositive flock rate was determined to be 87.5%. As a result of the examination of a total of 32 tracheal swab samples (20 swabs perflock/5 swabs=4 pooled samples, 8 flocksX4 pooled samples= 32 samples) for the presence of MG, real-time PCR positive flock rate was found to be 75%.&#x0D; Conclusion: To decide the flock whether it is infected or not and the initiate effective preventive measures against MG infection as soon as possible; serology should be applied simultaneously with bacteriology and/or PCR to prevent time loss due to shortcomings of serological tests used as primary screening test such as cross reactions, sensitivity and specificity problems.

TR22 Güney Marmara Bölgesindeki Süt Sığırı İşletmelerinde Yeniliklerin Benimsenmesini Etkileyen Faktörler

The present study was aimed to define the factors affecting the adoption of innovations in dairy cattle farms in Balıkesir and Çanakkale provinces in TR22 South Marmara Region, Turkey. The data were collected from 221 farms by a stratified random sampling method. The study was performed between March and November 2019. This study was used the ordered probit model to evaluate the data. The results revealed that the age of the farmers, household size, dairy cattle experience, household income, the number of dairy cattle, frequency of the internet use, meeting frequency with other farmers and contact frequency with agricultural extension personnel had a positive impact on farmers' adoption of innovations; whereas farmers' contact frequency with veterinaries had a negative impact. As a result, farmers' adoption of innovations in dairy farming activity can be increased with farmers who are open to innovations regarding animal husbandry and knowledgeable about the importance and the necessity of innovations adoption

Biodiversity of the natural enemies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Northwest Turkey

In the present study, the natural enemies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their host plants including herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees were analysed to reveal their biodiversity and disclose tritrophic associations in different habitats of the South Marmara region of northwest Turkey. As a result of field surveys, 58 natural enemy species associated with 43 aphids on 58 different host plants were identified in the region between March of 2017 and November of 2018. In 173 tritrophic natural enemy-aphid-host plant interactions including association records new for Europe and Turkey, there were 21 representatives of the family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), 14 of the family Syrphidae (Diptera) and 15 of the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera), as well as eight other generalist natural enemies. In these interactions, a total of 37 aphid-natural enemy associations–including 19 associations of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) with natural enemies, 16 associations of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) with natural enemies and two associations of Aphis craccivora Koch with natural enemies–were detected on Medicago sativa L. during the sampling period. Similarly, 12 associations of Myzus cerasi (Fabricius) with natural enemies were revealed on Prunus avium (L.), along with five associations of Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) with natural enemies (including mostly parasitoid individuals) on Brassica oleracea L. Also in the study, reduviids of the species Zelus renardii (Kolenati) are reported for the first time as new potential aphid biocontrol agents in Turkey. The results of field surveys show that the natural enemies of aphids have high biodiversity, which should be considered in the management of biological pest control.

Hava Kalitesi ve Meteoroloji: Korelasyon, Trend ve Epizot Analizleri

In this study, changes, trends and episodes of long-term air pollutants under local meteorological conditions were examined at Balikesir’s downtown in South Marmara region. In the last five years period, hourly measured PM10 and SO2 levels and hourly temperature (t), wind speed (ws), humidity (rh) and pressure (p) data were analyzed. Considering the long-term averages, the mean value of PM10 concentrations measured in the downtown was 47.33 µg/m3 and the mean of the SO2 concentrations was 7.75 µg/m3. According to the results of Pearson and Kendall Tau’s correlation analysis, wind speed (ws) and temperature (t) parameters were found to be inversely effective in the changes of PM10 levels, while the most effective parameter was the inverse temperature (t) parameter in the changes of SO2 levels. A regression model was used to estimate air pollutants based on the changes of the overall meteorological parameters. If all meteorological parameters are included in the model, only 16% of the PM10 levels can just be explained, and the SO2 level estimates can only be explained by 24%. According to Theil-Sen trend analysis, PM10 and SO2 levels were in an increasing trend. According to pollution calendars, the episode days for PM10 and SO2 levels were determined for the study. As a result of investigating the unusual conditions of the episode day, it was concluded that desert dusts coming from the continental dust transport from North Africa were effective on the day of the episode where the highest PM10 concentration was measured in the downtown area. For SO2 episode day, it was determined that the releases from the coal-powered energy plants in the south-eastern region near Bulgaria's border with our country might be effective in the transport of regional SO2 pollutants.In addition, it was thought that the formation of temperature inversions seen in Balıkesir’s downtown especially in the months of December could be effective for the highest SO2 levels.

The Effect of Some Environmental Factors on Growth Performance and Reproductive Traits in Saanen Goats

This study was carried out to determine the effect of non-genetic factors on growth and reproductive traits in Saanen goats. For this aim, total of 274 Saanen goats and kids were investigated for growth and reproductive traits in South Marmara Region of Turkey. Fertility parameters were evaluated during two reproductive years. Saanen kids were measured from birth to 6 months of life. The average live weights at birth, weaning, 60th, 90th, 120th and 180th days of age were calculated and determined as 3.05±0.04kg, 11.80±0.27kg, 12.26±0.08kg, 14.20±0.32kg, 17.41±0.45kg, 25.01±0.65kg, respectively. The effects of sex and birth type on live weights until 90th days of age; maternal age only on birth weight; month at birth on all of investigated days were found significant statistically. The pregnancy, birth rate per pregnancy (BRP), birth rate per mating (BRM), infertility, abortion, kidding rate (single, twin or triplet), survival rate (until weaning), number of kids per parturition (NKP), number of kids per mating (NKM) were found; 92.98%, 85.07%, 91.25%, 7.02%, 8.75%, 36.12%, 49.00%, 14.88%, 89.13% and 1.74±0.06, 1.42±0.07 respectively. The effects of maternal age on all rates (out of BRM and abortion rate); the year on birth, abortion, single kidding rate, survival rate and NKM were found significant for reproductive traits. The advanced reproductive performance and rapid growth rates were observed in Saanen goats. Environmental factors such as age, year, sex, birth type and month at birth were found significant on some growth and reproductive traits in Saanen. So consideration of these factors could be useful as a selection criteria in dairy goat breeding.

Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species of the South Marmara Region of Turkey including the first record of Dysaphis radicola meridialis Shaposhnikov, 1964 for the aphid fauna of Turkey

Bu calisma Turkiye’nin Guneybati Marmara bolgesinde yer alan Canakkale ve Balikesir illerinde bulunan yaprakbitlerinin belirlenmesi, yeni turler ve konukcu bitkiler ile katkida bulunulmasini amaclamaktadir. Ornekler Mart 2017 ve Kasim 2018 arasinda farkli konukcu bitkiler uzerinden alinmistir. Aphididae familyasi icerisinde yer alan bes altfamilyaya (Aphidinae, Calaphidinae, Chaitophorinae, Eriosomatinae ve Lachninae) ait 34 cinse bagli uc tanesi alttur olmak uzere toplam 74 yaprakbiti turu tanimlanmistir. Tespit edilen turlerden Rumex sp. (Polygonaceae)’nin kok kismindan toplanan Dysaphis radicola meridialis Shaposhnikov, 1964 Canakkale’denTurkiye yaprakbiti faunasi icin yeni alttur kaydi olarak verilmistir. Konukcu bitkilerden Ajuga orientalis L. (Lamiaceae) turu Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) solani (Kaltenbach, 1843); Cynoglossum creticum Mill. (Boraginaceae) turu Acyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) malvae (Mosley, 1841) ve Tragopogon porrifolius L. (Asteraceae) turu Trama (Neotrama) caudata Del Guercio, 1909 icin Turkiye’de yeni konukcu kayitlaridir. Ayrica yeni yaprakbiti kaydinin vucut olcumleri, teshis ozellikleri, preparat resimleri, dagilimi ve biyolojisi verilmistir. Bu guncel katkiyla birlikte Turkiye yaprakbiti faunasinin sayisi 541 tur ve 14 altture ulasmistir.

ACTIVE TECTONIC AND PALEOSEISMOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE YENİCE-GÖNEN FAULT, NW TURKEY, IN LIGHT OF THE 18 MARCH 1953 YENİCE-GÖNEN EARTHQUAKE (Ms=7.2)

The Yenice-Gönen Fault (YGF) is located in the central part of the Biga Peninsula between Gönen and Yenice and is a right-lateral strike-slip active fault with general trending N65°E. On 18 March 1953 there was an earthquake on the YGF that died 263 people (Ms=7.2) and a 70 km surface rupture developed during this earthquake. In this study measurements of slip distribution were performed on the surface rupture of the Yenice-Gönen Earthquake (YGE) and the annual slip rate on the YGF was calculated. Right-lateral displacements of between 1.70±0.1 and 3.20±0.2 metres were measured on the surface rupture of the YGE. The maximum displacements were in an area close to the central part of the YGF (between Çakır and Karaköy village) and these values decreased relatively in NE and SW directions, documenting that was the bilaterally surface rupture propogation during the YGE. In the last 300.000 years, a total offset of 800±50 metres was measured on Gönen River and annual slip rate of 2.65±0.15 mm was calculated along the YGF. Current GPS studies show right-lateral strike-slip faults in the South Marmara region have slip rates of 6-8 mm/year. This slip rate is assessed as being partitioned between the YGF, Sarıköy Fault and Çan-Biga Fault zones which represent extensions of the North Anatolian Fault system within the South Marmara region. Paleoseismology studies determined that in the last 6200 years 6 earthquakes resulting in surface ruptures have occurred on the YGF, including the 1953 earthquake. According to the 14C and OSL dating results, the variable and irregular earthquake recurrence interval of YGF is ranging from 505 to 1793 years. In this study average earthquake recurrence interval of YGF was determined as 1180 years.

Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Criteria in Turkey's South Marmara Region

Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Criteria in Turkey's South Marmara Region