Southeastern Part Of India Research Articles

Invasive lobular triple negative carcinoma of breast: A clinico-pathological study done in south eastern part of India

Background: Triple Negative Breast Carcinomas (TNBC) are breast carcinomas which are negative for Estrogen receptor (ER) Progesterone receptor (PR) and no overexpression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor receptor-2 (HER-2). The five-year survival rate for breast carcinomas in general is good but the same is bad for TNBC. TNBC has got worse prognosis compared to hormone positive breast carcinomas. Aim: The aim of present study is to compare invasive lobular TNBC with invasive ductal TNBC with morphologic, immunohistochemical and prognostic parameters. Materials and Methods: One-year study was done at Tertiary Care Centre. Patients of all ages were included. Most of them were in 4th and 5th decade. Mammography, FNAC and Biopsy was done. Formalin-fixed mastectomy specimens received at MGM hospital are screened, diagnosed histopathologically for carcinoma of breast over a period of one year. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to diagnose TNBC. Results: Total no of cases – 72. No of Cases with positive ER, PR and or Her 2/neu are – 61. No of Cases with ER, PR and Her 2/neu negative (Triple negative) – 11 Percentage of Triple negative cases – 15 %. Most of the TNBCs show high grade and high mitotic count 74% and 82% respectively. Other hand, some cases 60% showed only ER and PR positivity without Her-2 and 25% showed only Her-2 positivity without ER and PR. Invasive lobular TNBC subtype is reported in 18%. Conclusion: Overall TNBCs are high grade aggressive tumors and are more common in younger age groups. Whereas TNBCs associated with invasive lobular carcinoma are more common in 5th decade and were more aggressive compared to other subtypes.

Clinical Profile and Predictors of Mortality among Patients with Melioidosis.

Melioidosis is an under-recognized but important infection with high mortality and morbidity. It is endemic along the coastal regions of the Southern part of India. The present study focuses on the varied clinical manifestations, associated risk factors, and outcomes in patients from the Southeastern part of India. Seventy patients from January 2018 to June 2021 from a Tertiary Care Hospital were included and prospectively followed up from 6 months to 3 years. Cox regression was performed to test for the association of various clinical and demographic factors with overall survival. Diabetes and occupational exposure to soil and water (78.6%) followed by alcoholism (61.4%) were the most common risk factors for melioidosis. The most frequent presentation was sepsis (47.1%), followed by skin and soft tissue infection (32.9%) and pneumonia (25.7%). Mortality was 50%. Patients with sepsis had a 3.5-fold higher risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.50; P = 0.01) while other risk factors were not significantly associated with mortality. Lifestyle-dependent risk factors (diabetes, occupational exposure, and alcoholism) were most common among patients with melioidosis. Hospitalization among patients with sepsis is associated with high mortality despite the initiation of specific therapy.

Analysis of early failure of galvanised borewell pipe

Galvanised pipes are used extensively for borewell application to tap underground water at various geographical and geological conditions. The depth of borewell varies from place to place depending on many factors such as, (i) the quantity of water need to be tapped out per unit time, (ii) the surrounding geological conditions and (iii) the depth of underground water level. Early failure of galvanised borewell pipe is very common phenomena and purpose of this work is to identify the probable causes for such failures. The present work details on the analysis of such corroded borewell pipes from south eastern part of India. The steels substrate, coating and the corrosion products from different depth of the borewell assembly as well as the soil and water samples were investigated under SEM/EDS, XRD. Two major parameters were identified for early failure of borewell galvanised pipe, such as, (i) higher level of chloride content (1065 ppm) & high hardness (1802 ppm) in the underground water and (ii) wrong design of the borewell pipe setting including dissimilar grades of steel used in the pipes. Primary borewell steel pipes are more electronegative than the sleeve steels. This resulted in corrosion at the surface of primary pipe near the sleeve joint. The ground water with elements like magnesium, calcium and sodium leads to formation of hard scale inside of the pipe. Such scale further enhances the deposition of chloride ions on the steel surface and triggers the pitting corrosion. The most susceptible region for early failure of galvanised borewell pipe is the sleeve joint region. Many bare (without zinc coating) and exposed joint threads are visible near the sleeve joint area with lower steel thickness. Crevice corrosion at the edge of the sleeve joint also plays important role in failure due to absence of any insulating materials at the joint.

Evaluation of water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and Fluoride Health Hazard Risk Assessment (HHRA) in parts of semi-arid regions in the south-eastern part of India

Evaluation of water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and Fluoride Health Hazard Risk Assessment (HHRA) in parts of semi-arid regions in the south-eastern part of India

Optimizing the spectral sharing in a vertical bifacial agrivoltaics farm

Agrivoltaics (AV) allows double usage of the land by yielding both food and energy. Such farms are more suitable for high population density locations like India. In this work, we study the impact of the vertical, bifacial AV farm on the rice (Oryza sativa) yield in a hot, tropical climate prevailing in the south-eastern part of India (Chennai, 13.0827° N, 80.2707° E). We compare two different bifacial silicon solar cell technologies: (a) passivated emitter rear contact (PERC+), and (b) silicon heterojunction (SHJ), using vertical configurations. We show that SHJ yields more energy than PERC for the considered location, mainly due to its high-temperature coefficient, high inherent bifaciality, spectral and the temperature advantage of the vertical configuration. To maximize both the rice and energy yield with equal importance, we discuss two strategies: (a) varying the pitch of the panels (2 m and 4 m) (b) optimizing the spectral sharing between the panels and plants by reflecting the photosynthetically active radiation incident over the panels (2 m pitch). We found that increasing the pitch of the panels (4 m pitch) could improve the rice yield but drastically reduces the energy yield (∼45% compared to an optimal photovoltaics (PV) farm). Using simulation, we show that by reflecting the small portion of the spectrum (400–500 nm) incident on the PV panels (an additional advantage of the vertical configuration), both the rice and energy yield could achieve a win–win situation (∼80% of rice yield compared to an open farm and 74% of the energy yield compared to an optimally tilted PV farm) with a higher land equivalent ratio of 1.54. The disadvantage of SHJs in the PV farm becomes advantageous in an AV farm due to its low dependence on the reflected portion of the spectrum compared to PERC+ solar cells. This work will motivate the development of low-cost technologies to make spectral sharing a viable option in the future, considering the limited availability of the land.

Clinicopathological analysis of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive and post menopausal women in a tertiary care centre of south eastern part of India

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common presentation of gynecologic disorder in Tropical countries like India. Though various underlying causes exists, endometrial pathology is the major reason for AUB and histopathological evaluation of endometrial biopsy samples remains main stay for diagnosis. To analyse the clinico-pathological spectrum of abnormal uterine bleeding with associated endometrial lesions in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in south eastern part of India Patients presenting to gynaecology OPD with AUB as presenting complaints were evaluated with Dilatation & curettage and the endometrial samples obtained were analysed for histopathological evaluation Among 153 cases studied for a period of 2 years duration, majority of cases were non-neoplastic lesions (n=93) followed neoplastic lesions (n=60). Proliferative and secretory endometrium was the common condition among reproductive age group. Malignancy was predominantly noted among post menopausal age group and adenocarcinoma (TypeI) was the common endometrial malignancy noted The incidence of Abnormal uterine bleeding was higher than assumed among the study population and histopathological evaluation of endometrial biopsy samples serves as a mainstay in diagnosis and also in categorizing the underlying etiology.

Estuarine shoreline change analysis along The Ennore river mouth, south east coast of India, using digital shoreline analysis system

Ennore river mouth is the largest estuary and it's located in Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, southeastern part of India. The creek covers an area of 2.25 km2 where located 20 km north of the city centre and 2.6 km south of the Ennore port. The studies are carried out using remote sensing and Geospatial technologies. The Landsat images acquired from 2013 to 2016 were used to demarcate the rate of shoreline dynamics using GIS – based digital shoreline analysis system. The succeeding short term river mouth dynamics, coastal erosion, and accretion rates have been considered for the years 2013–2016. The statistical analysis such as linear regression and end point rate were determined from the shoreline layers. The physical parameters are played the main role in the dynamic activities of erosion and accretion. The study area shows during last four years (2013–2016) erosion are more than the accretion of the shoreline occurred over the years.

Defining the Northeast Monsoon of India

AbstractThis study introduces an objective definition for onset and demise of the northeast Indian monsoon (NEM). The definition is based on the land surface temperature analysis over the Indian subcontinent. It is diagnosed from the inflection points in the daily anomaly cumulative curve of the area-averaged surface temperature over the provinces of Andhra Pradesh, Rayalseema, and Tamil Nadu located in the southeastern part of India. Per this definition, the climatological onset and demise dates of the NEM season are 6 November and 13 March, respectively. The composite evolution of the seasonal cycle of 850-hPa winds, surface wind stress, surface ocean currents, and upper-ocean heat content suggest a seasonal shift around the time of the diagnosed onset and demise dates of the NEM season. The interannual variations indicate onset date variations have a larger impact than demise date variations on the seasonal length, seasonal anomalies of rainfall, and surface temperature of the NEM. Furthermore, it is shown that warm El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes are associated with excess seasonal rainfall, warm seasonal land surface temperature anomalies, and reduced lengths of the NEM season. Likewise, cold ENSO episodes are likely to be related to seasonal deficit rainfall anomalies, cold land surface temperature anomalies, and increased lengths of the NEM season.

Natural radioactivity in surface marine sediments near the shore of Vizag, South East India and associated radiological risk

Naturally occurring radioactive materials were determined in surface sediments from the marine envi- ronment near the shore of Vizag in the South eastern part of India using gamma spectrometry technique. The mean activity concentration was found to be 36 ± 11, 34 ± 15, 75 ± 38 and 782 ± 223 Bq/kg and ranged from 19 to 48 Bq/kg, 11 to 57 Bq/kg, 31 to 145 Bq/kg and 363 to 1,024 Bq/kg for 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K, respectively. The mean radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, air absorbed gamma dose rate and annual effective dose equivalent are 203 ± 62 Bq/kg, 0.6 ± 0.2, 94 ± 27 nGy/h and 0.12 ± 0.03 mSv/year respectively. This data will serve as the baseline level for naturally occurring radionuclides in the study area and will be useful for tracking and assessing any pollution inventory in the environment of this region.

Larval abundance and its relation to macrofouling settlement pattern in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, southeastern part of India

The present work revealed that salinity, water temperature, and food availability were the most crucial factors affecting the abundance of larvae and their settlement as macrofouling community in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam. Quantitative as well as qualitative results showed that late post-monsoon (April-May) and pre-monsoon (June-September) periods were found to be suitable periods for larval growth, development, and survival to adult stages for most of the organisms. Clustering of physico-chemical and biological (including larval and adult availability) data yielded two major clusters; one formed by northeast (NE) monsoon months (October-January) and the other by post-monsoon/summer (February-May) months, whereas; pre-monsoon months (June-September) were distributed between these two clusters. Among all the major macrofouler groups, only bivalves established a successful relationship between its larval abundance and adult settlement. Principal component analysis indicated good associations of bivalve larvae with polychaete larvae and adult bivalves with adult barnacles. However, biotic relation between ascidians and bryozoans was observed both in the larval as well as adult community.

Heavy metals concentration in edible fishes from coastal region of Kalpakkam, southeastern part of India

Concentrations of Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Pb were estimated using ICP-MS in nine commercially important and locally consumed fish species (Sarda orientalis, Scomberomorus commerson, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Sardinella longiceps, Paraplagusia bilineata, Cynoglossus lida, Cynoglossus macrostomus, Lepturacanthus savala, and Siganus javus) collected from coastal waters of Kalpakkam, eastern part of India. Their concentration (μg g(-1)) in the examined fish species ranged as follows: Cu (0.8-6.5), Zn (14.3-27.9), Mn (0.5-8.8), Fe (17.6-117.0), Cr (0.24-1.78), and Pb (0.18-2.29). Concentrations of most of the metals in the fish species studied were found to be safe for human consumption barring Mn.

Is Externality a Mediator of Experience–Behaviour and Information–Action Hypothesis in Disaster Preparedness?

This study examines whether disaster experience and awareness, mediated by external locus of control, influence disaster preparedness behavior. Data were collected from 300 people in flood-prone and a further 300 in heat-wave affected areas in Orissa (a state situated in south-eastern part of India). Results reveal that prior experience of hazard events and knowledge of protective actions significantly facilitates flood and heat-wave preparedness. However, locus of control mediates this relationship. Disaster experienced and aware people characterised by having an external control were less prepared. External control partially mediates between experience–behaviour and information–action link. These findings suggest that the effects of personal experience and awareness on self-protective behaviour are weakened by external attribution.

Feeding Practices among Jalari (Fishermen) Population‐An urban Slum Scenario

Majority of the developing and developed nations have accepted that the breast-milk, for the newborns, is the best balanced and nutritious food as it protects infants from infections and imparts immunity when it is initiated from the 1st day of delivery. The present study is attempted to analyze the breast feeding practices among the urban slum lactating mothers of Visakhapatnam, a costal city of South Eastern part of India. The present sample of study of lactating mothers is 161n lactating mothers, randomly selected between the ages 15 and 35 years. The present study has revealed the following interesting facts. In this study, 90% of the mothers have initiated breast feeding to their newborn babies on 3rd day of delivery instead of 1st day.40% of the mothers have squeezed out their 1st day breast milk(colostrums) under the influence of superstitions. All most all the mothers have offered pre-lactated foods(sugar and water) to their newborns. Most of the individuals under investigation prolonged the lactation period up to 2 years. The complementary foods were introduced to their newborns in between 6th and 8th months of the infancy..The estimated frequency of feeding per day is 6–10 times. Majority of lactating women started resuming menstruation from 8th month of delivery onwards. Many details are furnished in the full text.

Assessment of the levels of coastal marine pollution of Chennai city, Southern India

The levels of hydrological pollution of Chennai coastal zone in the southeastern part of India have been increased in the recent years by an uncontrolled disposal of wastewater and pollutants due to human activities. This study gave a special emphasis on the determination of the levels of pollution, the identification of vulnerable zones and providing some probable remedial measures for severely impacted coastal zone of Chennai city. During the period from September to November 2002, sampling was carried out along the shore in two traverses running in the seaside (surf zone) and landside (coastal aquifer). When sampling efforts took place the middle of the above period experienced a monsoonal storm over Chennai coast that significantly influenced large variations in the pollution level at both traverses in seaside and landside. Analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameter determinations indicated that the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (nitrate, nitrite and phosphate), turbidity, maximum probable number (MPN) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) reached notably high levels at all sample locations before monsoonal storm prevailed over these areas during October 2002, which resulted in large fresh water input to the coastal system reducing the levels of pollution to some extent. Analysis of water samples collected during November apparently indicated that the concentrations of above parameters attained abnormal level and often exceeded the permissible limit of international standards. The concentrations of trace/toxic metals such as manganese, copper, nickel, lead, cadmium and cobalt also reached very high levels as a result of their sub-aqueous disposal to these areas, leading to further habitat and ecological destruction. On the other hand, analysis of groundwater samples collected from coastal aquifer for determination of certain chemical parameters such as Ca2+/Mg2+, Cl−/(CO2−3+HCO3-) and the ratio of total alkalinity (TA) and total hardness (TH) revealed that coastal groundwater appeared to be severely contaminated by saltwater intrusion as a result of overexploitation and enormous pressure imposed by monsoonal storm of October. Higher concentrations of toxic elements, for example, lead, nickel, cobalt and cadmium from the influence of industrial wastes and contaminated coastal waters, were also found to deteriorate the quality of coastal aquifer system. Based on detailed examination, four sites including Cuvum estuary, Adyar estuary, Kannikoil and Bharathiyar nagar are identified as highly venerable zones because of receiving a large quantity of municipal and industrial wastes. To reduce severe pollution levels in these areas it is therefore necessary to design and construct the submarine pipeline system to transport and disperse such a large quantity of waste materials to the deep open ocean areas.