South District Research Articles

Model of the Need for Road Service Improvement, Maruni Manokwari, Indonesia

Roads are vital infrastructure for land transportation and one of the most critical aspects of development in the national and regional economy. According to the Central Statistics Agency for West Papua, the roads successfully built in West Papua Province were only 11,951,592 km until 2017. It comprises 1003.26 km, 2309,648 km, and 8,638,687 km of national, provincial, and regency roads, including Jalan Maruni - Manokwari City Limits. According to the Minister of PU-PR RI, this road type 2/2 UD length is 17.17 km and administratively connects two districts (West and South Manokwari). One of the areas in West Papua Province where the development of infrastructure, investment, and urbanization is very rapid is Manokwari Regency. In line with the change in government status, its development then changed the physical image of the region to become urban. It is because Sorong City has a strategic economic location concerning natural resources, high accessibility, and is the center of the provincial government, thus attracting other financial functions for investment. This movement burdens road infrastructure, and we need several alternative treatments to improve the service of the street segment above. The method is done through surveys of stakeholders on alternative handling, and then the results are analyzed using multiple linear regression. This research is expected to find alternative handling solutions to improve road services in this segment.

The Utilization of Coconut Fiber and Marble Waste with Mechanical Tests

The area of coconut plantations in South Aceh Regency was 6839 Ha, out of the total number of sub-districts in South Aceh. South Kluet District was the area with the largest coconut plantation area compared to other districts, reaching 1433 Ha. Coconut coir fiber was usually used for household equipment, such as floor brooms, doormats and rope. Coconut farmers rarely process coconut husks, and after harvest, they just leave the coconut husks piled up under the coconut trees until they rot. In this research, coconut fiber waste was used as reinforcing fiber for composite materials. The aim of this research was to be determined the mechanical strength of marble waste composites mixed with resin and reinforced with coconut fiber. The composition tests carried out were: 85 : 10 : 5, 80 : 10 : 10, 90 : 7.5 : 2.5, and 80 : 12.5 : 7.5. The test carried out on each test specimen composition was a tensile test. From the results of the tests carried out on the test specimens, the maximum stress was found in the composition: (85: 10: 5) 85% Resin, 10% Marble, 5% Coconut Fiber with an average maximum stress value of 29.44827586 N /m2 and the average modulus of elasticity is 0.2415123283 N/m2.

Impact of Homestead Farming on Rural Economy of Indian Sundarban

Homestead farming system (HFS) is mainly a need-oriented, self-provisioning, integrated, multi-species, economically sustainable and environmentally safe farming system around the house. In order to understand the contribution of HFS to household income and to devise ways to maximise returns from HFS, a survey was conducted covering 480 households in three blocks (Kakdwip, Namkhana and Sagar) of South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal located in Sundarban. Out the households surveyed, 91% come under the marginal category having less than 1 ha of landholding in which 0.1 ha was used for homestead farming. 28% income of total 480 households were contributed by HFS that comprised of aquaculture (54%) followed by animal husbandry (37%) and horticulture (9%). The 22% of total households who practised betel vine cultivation in homestead land earn an additional gross income of Rs.75, 000/annum. More than 40 local varieties of horticultural crops and more than 25 fish species are cultured in HFS. However, due to inadequate supply of input and improper management, the quality and quantity of produces were not optimum. The study has clearly indicated the potential of sustainable intensification of HFS for increasing production and income of poor households in rural areas, and it would lead to poverty alleviation.

KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM MENGATASI PERNIKAHAN USIA DINI PADA MASYARAKAT DESA PERLABIAN KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU SELATAN

This study focuses on the persuasive communication of the Perlave village government of South Labuhan Batu district, which is committed to early marriage in the local community. The research method used was a qualitative survey, collecting data through interviews with village officials and informants from the community who experienced early marriage. As a result, it was found that the main causes of early marriage in Perlavian villages were promiscuity and personal will. In addition, the Perrabian village government has implemented persuasive communication to overcome early marriage by raising awareness about the dangers of early marriage. These efforts were made to raise public awareness of the ill effects of early marriage and to encourage smarter decisions about marriage. This study provides an overview of the persuasive communication strategies used by the village government to combat early marriage in Perlav village. The results of this study are expected to provide a basis for village governments and related agencies to develop programs to more effectively address early marriage issues in the region.

Managing Local Health System Interdependencies: Referral and Outreach Systems for Maternal and Newborn Health in Three South African Districts

In complex health systems, referral and outreach systems (ROS) are formal strategies for connecting and managing interdependencies between facilities in service delivery pathways. Well-functioning maternal and newborn ROS are critical to successful outcomes, and therefore, a good lens through which to examine the management of local interdependencies. We conducted a qualitative study of maternal–newborn ROS, involving interviews with 52 senior, middle, and frontline managers, in three health districts of three different provinces in South Africa. We analyse the differences in functioning of ROS as an interplay of setting (urban, rural), individual facility strengths and weaknesses, the quality of emergency medical services (EMS), and the wider provincial strategic and organisational context. ROS are strengthened by sub-district governance arrangements that recognise and enable connectedness—in particular, between primary health care and district hospital services; by informal, day-to-day communication and collaboration across levels and professions; and by hybrid clinical–managerial players as system brokers and systems thinkers. We also identify leverage points, places where small shifts could have wider system effects, most notably in the design and functioning of EMS, and in addressing small, but significant bottlenecks in supply chains in lower level facilities that negatively impact the system as a whole.

The Political Ecology of Farmer-Herder Conflict in Ghana: A Case Study of the Kwahu Afram Plains South District

Farmer-herder conflict is an age-old phenomenon, which is widely spread in the West African sub-region. Current studies on the Ghanaian farmer-herder conflict have emphasised the land-related conflicts between indigenous farmers and nomadic herders. It has focused especially on environmental scarcity and climate change approaches. However, this study adopts the political ecology framework to highlight land conflicts between migrant farmers and nomadic herders, two migrant groups that are considered "strangers" to the Kwahu Afram Plains District. The study contributes to the broader debates on farmer-herder conflict. It provides contrary evidence with regard to the popular notion in literature and theory about the prevalence of land insecurity among nomadic herders. The study argues that migrant farmers in the study area experience more land insecurity compared to the nomadic herders. This is because of their history of immigration, their relationship with the Kwahu landowners, which is driving the escalating cost of accessing land, and disputes between landowning groups.

Empowerment Of Independent Family-Based Wwaste Management In Keeping The House Yard Clean Towards A Healthy And Economic Environment

Garbage is a place for disease agents to develop, whether in the form of bacteria, mosquitoes, cockroaches and rats. These agents carry disease agents that can cause diarrhea, malaria, dengue fever, typhoid and others. The amount of waste in the environment is also related to the increasing population. The environment in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is also inseparable from the problem of waste management. Especially at the service location, namely in Permis Village, Simpang Rimba District, South Bangka Regency. Permis village is a village with quite a large population in South Bangka district, so waste management and health education are very important. Pemis Village has a population of 3,894 people or a population density of 173.77 people/km2. Permis Village has geographical potential, namely the Permisan Hill and the beach. Permisan Hill or better known as the Mount Permisan Natural Tourism Park (TWA) in Simpang Rimba District, South Bangka Regency which is still natural and has not been managed properly. So it really needs to be managed, especially in an effort to make the area an ecotourism area that can grow people's economic resources. The service program that will be carried out is in the form of Independent Family-Based Waste Management activities within the Permis village population. The activity is in the form of Socialization of an independent family-based waste management system and Involving the Permis village community in the waste management application. The purpose of implementing this service is to build community commitment and awareness about the importance of good waste management towards a healthy and economically valuable family environment. So that it is hoped that an independent, healthy and competitive society will be formed.

Influence of Self-Actualization Needs and Professional Development on the Job Performance among Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) Teachers

This study attempted to determine the relationship between Self-Actualization Needs and Professional Development on Job Performance among Technology and Livelihood Education Teachers. A descriptive correlational method and survey questionnaire were utilized to attain the study's objectives among the 54 TLE teachers in Sto. Tomas South District, the majority are female whose age ranges from 26-30 years old, serving for four years and above in the Department of Education, with master’s unit and with above ten numbers of training attended. The results showed the level of their self-actualization needs and much weight on active participation in school meetings conducted by the school head. The respondents’ professional development level focused on skills in preparing an appropriate learning environment. Therefore, using Mother Tongue, Filipino, and English is essential to teaching and learning. It was concluded that the input variables were significantly related to self-actualization needs; likewise, the professional development of teachers was found to be significantly related to all measures of job performance. The following recommendations are at this moment offered; educators could engage in assessments that will develop their characteristics in life satisfaction and personal growth, providing instruction on implementing teaching materials and activities.

Pengaruh Penerapan Akuntansi Sektor Publik, Good Governance Dan Pengawasan Internal Terhadap Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah

This study aims to determine, and obtain empirical evidence about the effect of public sector financing, good governance and internal control on government performance in OPD South Buru district on Maluku Province. The population in this study is the employees who work in Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD), in South Buru Regency,Maluku Province. This research models uses descriptive quantitative, with data sources in the form of primary data. The sample used in this study was selected through the purposive sampling method with a total sample of 100 respondents. Hypothesis testing in this study using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 16. The results of the study show that the results of the public accounting sector and good governance have a significant effect on the performance of government agencies in South Buru Regency. Whereas, internal control does not have a significant impact on the performance of government agencies in South Buru Regency, on Maluku Province.

Expanding Community Health Worker decision space: learning from a Participatory Action Research training intervention in a rural South African district

BackgroundWhile integral to decentralising health reforms, Community Health Workers (CHWs) in South Africa experience many challenges. During COVID-19, CHW roles changed rapidly, shifting from communities to clinics. In the contexts of new roles and re-engineered primary healthcare (PHC), the objectives were to: (a) implement a training intervention to support local decision-making capability of CHWs; and (b) assess learning and impacts from the perspectives of CHWs.MethodsCHWs from three rural villages (n = 9) were trained in rapid Participatory Action Research (PAR) with peers and community stakeholders (n = 33). Training equipped CHWs with tools and techniques to convene community groups, raise and/or respond to local health concerns, understand concerns from different perspectives, and facilitate action in communities and public services. CHWs’ perspectives before and after the intervention were gained through semi-structured interviews. Data were collected and analysed using the decision space framework to understand local actors’ power to affect devolved decision-making.ResultsCHWs demonstrated significant resilience and commitment in the face of COVID-19. They experienced multiple, intersecting challenges including: limited financial, logistical and health systems support, poor role clarity, precarious employment, low and no pay, unstable organisational capacity, fragile accountability mechanisms and belittling treatment in clinics. Together, these restricted decision space and were seen to reflect a low valuing of the cadre in the system. CHWs saw the training as a welcome opportunity to assert themselves as a recognised cadre. Regular, spaces for dialogue and mutual learning supported CHWs to gain tools and skills to rework their agency in more empowered ways. The training improved management capacity, capabilities for dialogue, which expanded role clarity, and strengthened community mobilisation, facilitation and analysis skills. Development of public speaking skills was especially valued. CHWs reported an overall ‘tripe-benefit’ from the training: community-acceptance; peer support; and dialogue with and recognition by the system. The training intervention was recommended for scale-up by the health authority as an implementation support strategy for PHC.ConclusionsLack of recognition of CHWs is coupled with limited opportunities for communication and trust-building. The training supported CHWs to find and amplify their voices in strategic partnerships, and helped build functionality for local decision-making.

Financial Feasibility of Lime Farming (C. aurantifolia) in Landono District South Konawe Regency

The lime tree is a plant that significantly contributes to economic growth in Landono District, South Konawe Regency. This research aims to determine the feasibility of farming lime in Landono District, South Konawe Regency. The location determination was carried out purposively (purposively) considering that this area is one of the areas that carry out lime tree cultivation. The research was carried out from February to April 2022. The population in this research was 50 farmers. A simple random sampling using the Slovin formula obtained 33 farmers. The variables in this study were the identity of respondents and the feasibility analysis of farming. Data analysis uses feasibility analysis and sensitivity analysis. The research results obtained by calculating the variables in this research are the independence of the feasibility analysis, the NPV/net value is IDR 14,335,362> 0 (positive) with the applicable bank interest rate of 6%, the NBCR calculation value is 1 .87>1, IRR is 43.44%>6%, and the calculation of Payback Period is a return on investment after 23 months. So from the calculation of the feasibility analysis of the business using four feasibility criteria for lime farming in Landono II Village, Landono Subdistrict, South Konawe Regency is feasible to cultivate. Based on the sensitivity analysis of lime farming in Deisa Landono II, Landono Subdistrict, South Konawe Regency, it meets the feasibility assessment criteria for a 10% increase in input costs, a 10% decrease in output costs and a 10% increase in input costs as well as a 10% decrease in output costs simultaneously while other factors are considered constant.

Efektivitas Penerapan E-Government Dalam Mewujudkan Smart City Di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan

In the current era of globalization and digital, fast, precise and accurate information services are needed. One of the technologies that must be applied in government agencies is the implementation of e-government which refers to the development of national e-government, and is adapted to the conditions that exist in each government agency. The aim of this e-government is to improve the quality of service and especially to realize the smart city which is currently being discussed. One of the districts that has recently implemented a smart city is the South Tapanuli district. So that in this study an analysis of the application of e-government in realizing smart cities will be carried out with the aim of knowing the process of implementing e-government policies, implementing smart cities that focus on the community, and to find out the obstacles or obstacles in the implementation of e-government. The results of the study explain that the implementation of e-government in South Tapanuli district is indeed very effective in realizing smart cities in the midst of increasingly sophisticated technological developments. This is shown by the achievement of smart city aspects, although not optimal. In the implementation of e-government there are still a number of weaknesses, obstacles and challenges because the implementation in South Tapanuli district is still relatively new. These obstacles include the inadequate availability of human resources, the level of public capacity regarding e-government is still very low. Supporting factors for e-government implementation are full government support through regulations and established financial support.

The Existence of Among Among Lahiran in Jorong Sungai Lambai Nagari Lubuk Gadang Selatan District South Solok Province West Sumatra

This study discusses the existence of Among-among birth in Jorong Sungai Lambai, Lubuk Gadang Selatan, South Solok Regency. The purpose of this study is to find out how the existence of the Among-among tradition and also the procedures for implementing the Among-among tradition in the Lambai River area. The theories used in this study are existentialism and structural functional theories. The existence of Among-among tradition in the community so that it can survive until now in the midst of modern society. The method used is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. . The findings in this study are that the Lambai River community carries out the Among-among tradition of birth with an uncomplicated process, the conditions in its implementation are so easy to find around their residence. The existence of this tradition is very meaningful for the community for further survival.

Models using private general practitioners to provide caesarean deliveries at five South African district public hospitals: insights for public-private contracting for obstetric care in rural areas

ABSTRACT Background Harnessing of private sector resources could play an important role in efforts to promote universal access to safe obstetric care including caesarean delivery in low- and middle-income countries especially in rural contexts but any such attempt would need to ensure that the care provided is appropriate and patterns of inappropriate care, such as high caesarean delivery rates, are not reproduced for the entire population. Objective To examine the contracting arrangements for using private general practitioners to provide caesarean delivery services in rural district hospitals in South Africa. Method We utilised a mixed-method study design to examine the contracting models adopted by five rural district hospitals in the Western Cape, South Africa. Between April 2021 and March 2022, we collected routine data from delivery and theatre registers to capture the profile of deliveries and utilisation of contracted private GPs. We also conducted 23 semi-structured qualitative interviews with key stakeholders to explore perceptions of the contracting arrangements. Results All five hospitals varied in the level of use of private general practitioners and the contracting models (three private in-sourcing models – via locum agencies, sessional contracts, and tender contracts) used to engage them. Qualitative interviews revealed insights related to the need for flexibility in the use of contractual models to meet local contextual needs, cost implications and administrative burden. Conclusion Structured appropriately, private public partnerships can fill important gaps in human resources in rural district hospitals. Policy makers should look to developing a ‘contracting framework’ which requires compliance with a set of underlying principles but allows for flexibility in developing context specific contracting arrangements. These underlying principles should include a ‘risk’ based delivery model, adherence to public sector- evidence-based protocols, time-based rather than per delivery/type of delivery remuneration models, group liability arrangements, and processes to monitor outcomes.

A Study of Marketing of Cashew Nut in South Goa District of Goa, India

A marketing of cashewnut was studied in South Goa district of Goa and have been presented in the form of tabular analysis. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was adopted to select marketing functionaries such as primary and secondary market. The study regarding market functionaries was considered to collect data regarding marketing cost and margins and to identify different marketing channels. With the help of this data price spread, producer share in consumer’s rupee and marketing efficiency was calculated. The three different channels were identified i.e., Channel I (Producer-Cooperative societies- Processor-Wholesaler-Retailer), Channel II (Producer-Village Trader-Processor-wholesaler-retailer) and Channel III (Producer-Processor-Wholesaler-Retailer). The Channel III was found to be most efficient marketing channel and the Channel II was found more popular in marketing of cashewnut.

Pedagogical competencies of teachers applied to teaching learners with hearing difficulties

Teachers need to possess appropriate pedagogical competencies to be successful in addressing the special needs of students in the classroom so as to ensure their accomplishment in education. This study investigated teachers’ pedagogical competencies applied to teaching learners with hearing difficulties in the Sekyere South District of Ghana. This study adopted the constructivist paradigm using the qualitative approach. The case study design was employed. In this case study, 16 teachers were purposively sampled, and data were collected from them using a self-constructed interview guide. The instrument was pre-tested to provide experiences and opportunities to engage in critical reflection with regards to the interview schedule. The pre-test also gave a fair idea of the responses to be obtained from the field. All the participants were individually interviewed and their responses were analysed using themes that were generated from the data. Results of the study revealed that although teachers used cooperation, elaboration and motivational strategies to teach learners with hearing difficulties, they did not use other equally good strategies such as storytelling, think-pair-share and demonstration. Additionally, the teachers indicated that they required differentiated and constructivist pedagogies in order to teach learners with hearing difficulties effectively in mainstream schools. Authorities in Universities and Colleges of Education should run programs to educate teachers to be competent in differentiated and constructivist pedagogies to enable effective teaching and learning. Finally, teachers should continuously ensure that there is proper seating arrangement and positive teacher-learner relationship in the classroom to promote a good classroom environment.

PUBLIC SCHOOL LEADERS’ LIVED EXPERIENCES ON 21ST CENTURY LEADERSHIP: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

The twenty-first century has brought about new innovations and challenges in the field of education. The major goal of this study is to investigate the experiences, problems, coping techniques, and insights of Pantukan South District public-school educational leaders leading in the twenty-first century. It employs the qualitative phenomenological research method and relies on in-depth interviews to collect data. Six educational leaders from Pantukan South District were chosen as research participants using a purposive sample technique. This study indicated that educational administrators confront numerous obstacles in dealing with their staff, fiscal matters, stakeholders, and learners. They were shown, however, developing coping mechanisms to alleviate their predicament. This study also emphasized the hard effort and strong commitment of public-school educational leaders to their jobs. As a result, it was found that, despite all of the obstacles that educational leaders in the twenty-first century face, they can always find ways to cope and adapt. As a recommendation, educational leaders should continue to improve themselves, both personally and professionally, by attending trainings and seminars with the assistance of the department of education. The findings of this study would serve as a springboard for future research into the experiences of other school administrators, instructors, and students who had also witnessed changes in 21st-century education. KEYWORDS: Twenty-first century education, public school administrators, Phenomenology

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TOOTH LOSS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN ELDERLY IN SOUTH DAHA DISTRICT

Background: Aging is a biological process that will occur in every human individual. According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia, the elderly is someone who reached age of 60 years and over. Based on data from BPS Indonesia in 2021, there are 29.3 million elderly in Indonesia and in South Daha District 3,534 elderly. Tooth loss can make the elderly vulnerable to decreased quality of life. Tooth loss cases will interfere with masticatory function and decreasing nutritional status. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation between tooth loss and nutritional status in the elderly in South Daha District. Methods: This study is a correlational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. The research sample are 105 elderly. Data collection includes primary data that obtained through direct examination of the number of tooth and BMI. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with the Spearman’s test. Results: The results showed that most of the respondents had a low level of tooth loss (43.8%) and normal nutritional status (58.1%). The Spearman test showed that there was a significant correlation between tooth loss and nutritional status. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between tooth loss and nutritional status in the elderly in South Daha DistrictKeywords: Elderly, Nutritional Status, South Daha District, Tooth Loss

Groundwater Conditions and Springs Potency for Domestic Requirement in Klaten and Banggai Kepulauan Regency, Indonesia

At present, sustainable management of water resources has become a major issue for the world community. In water management efforts, potency assessment becomes an important thing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the availability of ground water and water from springs both qualitatively and quantitatively and evaluate their potency for domestic. To determine the groundwater conditions in the research area, a qualitative descriptive analysis was carried out based on geological and hydrogeological data. To determine the potency of the springs, a quantitative descriptive analysis was carried out with the help of tables and diagrams. The potency for springs is calculated based on the discharge data of all springs contained in each district in relation to water for domestic purposes. The results showed that Kebonarum District has very good groundwater availability because it is located in an area of unconsolidated rock between mountains. In South Tinangkung District, groundwater conditions are not good. Groundwater is generally found in cracks or rock fractures. From the calculation results, it is known that the total spring discharge in Kebonarum District is 9,870,768 m3/year, while the spring discharge in South Tinangkung District is 64,144,224 m3/year. With the water in Kebonarum District is 915,858 m3/year and in South Tinangkung Sub District is 355,393 m3/year, the potency of water from springs in these two districts is sufficient to be used as a water source for domestic.

Social-psychological determinants of hormonal contraceptive use intentions among adolescent girls in the Bono East Region of Ghana.

The correct and consistent use of hormonal contraceptive (HC) methods by sexually active adolescent girls can prevent pregnancy and avert the health and social consequences of unwanted pregnancy for both the mother and her child. Despite these benefits, research shows that HC use is rather low among adolescent girls globally and especially among those in low and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to assess the social-psychological determinants of HC use intentions among adolescent girls and young women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,203 young women aged 15-24 years from 70 communities within the Kintampo North Municipality and Kintampo South District in the Bono-East Region of Ghana from April 2021 to September 2021. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the intention to use HC among the entire sample of 1,203 respondents and among two sub-samples of young women based on HC use experience. Attitude toward personal HC use (β = 0.268; p < 0.001), self-efficacy toward access and use of HC (β = 0.341; p < 0.001), and HC use experience (β = 0.647; p < 0.001) were found to be significant and unique correlates of HC use intention among the entire sample of adolescent girls. Attitude toward personal HC use and self-efficacy toward access and use of HC were also associated with HC use intention in the two sub samples significantly (p's < 0.001). In addition, among participants with no HC experience, being a Christian as opposed to participants that affiliate themselves with Islam, Traditional religion or being non-religious positively predicts future HC use (β = 0.230; p < 0.01). Our results demonstrate that different groups of adolescent girls need different interventions, focusing on different determinants for the motivation to use HC. Comprehensive sexuality education, informing all adolescent girls about the personal benefits of HC use and enhancing their skills in accessing and using HCs, can support their HC use intentions to promote their reproductive health and general wellbeing.