South Anhui Research Articles

Study on the evolution of the spatial structure and driving force of traditional village tourism in South Anhui province

Study on the evolution of the spatial structure and driving force of traditional village tourism in South Anhui province

The Integration of Lingnan Water Culture in Red Dance Art in the Context of Big Data

Abstract This paper realizes the digital analysis, display, and sharing of urban culture by constructing a digital platform of cultural resources in Lingnan and collecting and indexing its cultural resources. Through collaborative filtering, a recommendation algorithm is used to focus on dance resources and analyze Lingnan water culture through the red dance function. The realization process takes the user information recommendation function as an example, and its overall process is resource loading and data acquisition, user relevance calculation, user information recommendation calculation, data collection, and writing into the database. The results show that among the 14 red dance works, such as “The Golden Hairpin”, “Brothers,” and “The Yellow River”, 10 works and 11 works have incorporated the elements of the water culture of Lingnan Province into their music and costumes, respectively. From 9 times used in the first edition of the competition to 24 times in the fourth edition, it shows that the red dances pay more and more attention to the integration of the water culture elements of Lingnan. The number of South Anhui water culture elements used in the first session (P=0.038) was significantly smaller than that in the fourth session (P=0.03). Gradually, the utilization of both outstanding works (from 0.658 to 0.902) and rookie works increased from the first to the fourth session. The content of the integration of Lingnan water culture into red dance should be expanded in the future, and only about 35% of the students had a supportive attitude, which should be continued in the future.

Spatiotemporal characteristics and obstacle factors identification of agricultural drought disaster risk: A case study across Anhui Province, China

Identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics and obstacle factors of the agricultural drought disaster risk is essential to reduce grain losses and ensure food security. However, due to the high uncertainty in drought disaster risk system, there are few effective risk evaluation and diagnosis methods. In this study, the uncertain information contained in sample data was mined and utilized, and a calculation method of the dynamic difference degree coefficients for the five-element connection number was proposed. Then, a quantitative risk evaluation and diagnosis model was established. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal characteristics and key obstacle factors of the agricultural drought disaster risk across Anhui Province, China from 2008 to 2017 were identified. The results indicated that the risk grades of the connection number values of North Anhui, Central Anhui, and South Anhui in 2008 were 0.359 (high risk), 0.072 (medium risk), and 0.097 (medium risk), respectively, and those in 2017 were 0.103 (medium risk), 0.196 (medium risk), and 0.368 (low risk), respectively. Thus, there were salient spatiotemporal characteristics in which the risk decreased from north to south and tended to decrease over time. In addition, the long-term high risk in North Anhui was due to the severe drought hazard, low forest cover, high exposure to drought, and low drought resistance capacity. The worse risk status in Central Anhui was caused by the small precipitation and water resources amount, low relative humidity, and large agricultural population. The factors inhibiting risk reduction in South Anhui were the large paddy field areas, low reservoir regulation and storage, and fewer water-saving irrigation areas. In summary, this method is effective and exhibits high sensitivity to risk change, and it can be applied to other grain production areas. The results can provide a scientific basis for formulating the targeted measures of agricultural drought disaster risk control in Anhui Province.

Indoor Environmental Comfort Assessment of Traditional Folk Houses: A Case Study in Southern Anhui, China.

Due to the unique geographical location and historical culture, the traditional houses in the southern region of Anhui Province, China (South Anhui) have different indoor environments. In summer and winter, this study adopted a field survey, questionnaire survey, and statistical analysis to carry out a comprehensive field survey on Xixinan Village in South Anhui, and selected a typical traditional residence in the village to evaluate its indoor environment status. The final results show that the overall indoor environment of the traditional houses in South Anhui was awful, including the indoor thermal environment, with high temperature and humidity in summer and cold and humidity in winter. Additionally, the indoor light environment with dim light still had much room for improvement, while the indoor air quality and sound environment were relatively excellent. In addition, this study determined that the neutral temperatures of residents are 15.5 °C and 28.7 °C in winter and summer, respectively, and the comfort range of indoor light intensity is 752.6-1252.5 lx, which determines the adjustment range of indoor environmental parameters for residents' comfort needs. This paper's research methods and results provide a reference for the study of residential indoor environments in other regions with similar climatic conditions as South Anhui, and a theoretical basis for architects and engineers to enhance the indoor environment of traditional houses in this region.

Geochemical study of the Tongshan intrusion in the Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt, China: Significances of Cu-Au ore-forming

The Tongshan intrusion is located at the Guichi ore cluster field along the Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt (LYRB) in eastern China. Elemental data and major elements of biotite are reported for Late Mesozoic plutons in the Guichi ore cluster in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Region, attempting to explain their diagenetic age, petrogenesis, and tectonic implications. The Tongshan intrusion is dated at 146.3±3.2 Ma, with zircon εHf(t) average value of -5.23, illustrating that the Tongshan intrusion could be derived from crust mantle mixing magmatite provenance. The two-stage Hf model ages between 1184~1422 Ma is indicated magma source relationship with those of the Mesoproterozoic basement in south Anhui. The Tongshan intrusion is high-K calc-alkaline, and exhibit adakite-like geochemical feature, such as high Al2O3, Sr contents, Sr/Y value, low Y and Yb contents. The geochemical and reexplained published isotopic data indicate that these adakites are most likely from partial melting of subducted oceanic crust, and mixed with enriched lithospheric mantle components in the rising process.

Study on distribution characteristic of tourism attractions in international cultural tourism demonstration region in South Anhui in China.

Taking data of tourism attractions in international cultural tourism demonstration region in South Anhui in China, this study summarized the distribution characteristics of tourism attractions in region by applying GIS spatial analysis method such as nearest neighbor distance index and kernel density estimation method, and explored how natural conditions, urban infrastructure, social and economic development affect the distribution in order to better understand the distribution of regional tourism resources and serve the direction of tourism development. The study found that the tourist attractions in the demonstration area have a significant agglomeration on the whole, with Huangshan City as the main center and other districts and counties as the sub centers, presenting the trend of hierarchical development. In different kinds of tourism attractions, the distribution of natural tourism attractions and rural pastoral tourism attractions highly related to the topography. And the distribution of modern recreational tourism attractions and humanistic tourism attractions is closely related to hydrology. In terms of urban infrastructure, modern recreational tourism attractions hold the best accessibility with transportation. The core area of the demonstration region include Huangshan City, Chizhou city and Xuancheng city has better tourist industry development. Tourist attractions in other areas are relatively scarce, but the hold great potential for development in the future.

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio and index of entropy models for She County of Anhui Province, China

Abstract Landslides caused countless economic and casualty losses in China, especially in mountainous and hilly areas. Landslide susceptibility mapping is an important approach and tool for landslide disaster prevention and control. This study presents a landslide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio (FR) and index of entropy (IOE) models within a geographical information system for She County in the mountainous region of South Anhui, China. First, the landslide locations were ascertained in the study area using historical landslide records, aerial photographs, and multiple field surveys. In all, 502 landslides were identified and randomly divided into two groups as training (70%) and validation (30%) datasets. Additionally, the landslide-influencing factors, including slope angle, slope aspect, curvature, landform, lithology, distance to faults, distance to roads, distance to rivers, rainfall, and normalized difference vegetation index, were selected and their relative importance and weights were determined by FR and IOE models. The results show that the very high and high susceptibility classes cover nearly 50% of the study area. Finally, the comprehensive performance of the two models was validated and compared using receiver operating characteristic curves. The results demonstrated that the IOE model with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.802, which is slightly better in prediction than the FR model (AUC = 0.786). The interpretation of the susceptibility map indicated that landform, slope degree, and distance to rivers plays a major role in landslide occurrence and distribution. The research results can be used for preliminary land use planning and hazard mitigation purposes.

A new stiodermatid (Hexactinellida, Porifera) from the latest Ordovician of Anhui, South China and its significance for searching the missing link between the Cambrian and late Palaeozoic stiodermatid lineage

ABSTRACT The new hexactinellid stiodermatid Turgidaspongia porosa gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Ordovician-Silurian boundary sequence in Beigong of Jingxian County, south Anhui Province, China. The spherical, thin-walled species possessed unique features including unusually large parietal gaps on the body wall, swollen hexactines as hypodermalia, and two different sizes of stauractines as dermalia and parenchymalia respectively. Based on the new material, the family Stiodermatidae is revised here, including five genera after reassessment, i.e., Rigbyella, Thoracospongia, Stioderma, Uralonema, and Turgidaspongia porosa gen. et sp. nov. The new species is well preserved with typical enlarged hypodermal hexactines with swollen rays and large, subcircular parietal gaps, giving an illuminating insight into the affinity between the new species and other taxa in Stiodermatidae. It also provides a link between the Cambrian stiodermatid lineage and late Palaeozoic stiodermatid lineage. The uneven distribution of the swollen dermalia in the new species may relate to the sloughing of the dermal spicules causing by the nutrient deficiency. The unique rigid skeleton structure and unusually large parietal gaps probably represent new attempts on the skeletal evolution of hexactinellids in the Palaeozoic.

Tobacco Leaf Grading Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Machine Vision

HighlightsA classification model for the front and back sides of tobacco leaves was developed for application in industry.A tobacco leaf grading method that combines a CNN with double-branch integration was proposed.The A-ResNet network was proposed and compared with other classic CNN networks.The grading accuracy of eight different grades was 91.30% and the testing time was 82.180 ms, showing a relatively high classification accuracy and efficiency.Abstract. Flue-cured tobacco leaf grading is a key step in the production and processing of Chinese-style cigarette raw materials, directly affecting cigarette blend and quality stability. At present, manual grading of tobacco leaves is dominant in China, resulting in unsatisfactory grading quality and consuming considerable material and financial resources. In this study, for fast, accurate, and non-destructive tobacco leaf grading, 2,791 flue-cured tobacco leaves of eight different grades in south Anhui Province, China, were chosen as the study sample, and a tobacco leaf grading method that combines convolutional neural networks and double-branch integration was proposed. First, a classification model for the front and back sides of tobacco leaves was trained by transfer learning. Second, two processing methods (equal-scaled resizing and cropping) were used to obtain global images and local patches from the front sides of tobacco leaves. A global image-based tobacco leaf grading model was then developed using the proposed A-ResNet-65 network, and a local patch-based tobacco leaf grading model was developed using the ResNet-34 network. These two networks were compared with classic deep learning networks, such as VGGNet, GoogLeNet-V3, and ResNet. Finally, the grading results of the two grading models were integrated to realize tobacco leaf grading. The tobacco leaf classification accuracy of the final model, for eight different grades, was 91.30%, and grading of a single tobacco leaf required 82.180 ms. The proposed method achieved a relatively high grading accuracy and efficiency. It provides a method for industrial implementation of the tobacco leaf grading and offers a new approach for the quality grading of other agricultural products. Keywords: Convolutional neural network, Deep learning, Image classification, Transfer learning, Tobacco leaf grading

Petrogenesis of ~2.1 Ga mafic and granitic magmatism and tectonic implication of Jiaobei Terrane in North China Craton

Paleoproterozoic magmatism in the Jiaobei Terrane has not been well studied, but it is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of Jiao-Liao-Ji belt in the east North China Craton. In this work, ~2.1 Ga mafic and granitic intrusions in the Jiaobei Terrane, including the Xiliu amphibolite, Dongbaishishan granite and Gujiacun granite, are studied in detail. The Xiliu amphibolite intruded the Archean basement and the Dongbaishishan granite intruded the Paleoproterozoic Jingshan Group. SHRIMP zircon UPb geochronology shows that both amphibolite and granite were emplaced simultaneously at ~2.1 Ga and were metamorphosed at ~1.87–1.84 Ga. The ~2.1 Ga Xiliu amphibolite samples show a tholeiitic basalt composition; they exhibit enriched light rare earth elements (REEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., U and K), but depleted high field strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ta, P, Zr, Hf and Ti). They experienced the fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene. Whole-rock Nd isotopes show that the ~2.1 Ga amphibolites were generated from partial melting of the Archean enriched mantle, and that the mantle source was affected by the addition of subduction-related fluids/melts. The ~2.1 Ga Dongbaishishan and Gujiacun granite samples in the Jiaobei Terrane show granodiorite to granite compositions with metaluminous and calc-alkaline characteristics. They show decreasing Fe2O3T, TiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O and P2O5, but increasing K2O, with increasing SiO2 contents. This indicates that FeTi oxide, plagioclase and apatite were fractionated during magmatic evolution, which is confirmed by the negative Eu, Sr, P, and Ti anomalies. Compared with the 2.18 Ga A-type granites derived from partial melting of tonalites in the Jiaobei Terrane, major elemental geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopes showed that ~2.1 Ga granites were generated from partial melting of the low-K mafic lower crust possibly due to mantle-derived magmatic underplating.The ~2.1 Ga Jiaobei amphibolites show similar geochemical and isotopic characteristics to the contemporaneous mafic rocks in the north Liaoji and south Anhui areas of the Jiao-Liao-Ji belt. Together with the volcano-sedimentary series and A2- and I-type granitic gneiss in the belt, these ~2.1 Ga mafic rocks probably formed in a subduction-related back-arc extension environment. In addition, both episodes of the 2.18 Ga and 2.1 Ga granites in the Jiaobei Terrane show high-temperature magmatic characters, which can be attributed to mantle-derived magmatic heating. The younger episode (2.1 Ga) granites indicate that there was stronger mantle-derived magmatism in a back-arc extended zone.

Assessing the corporate green technology progress and environmental governance performance based on the panel data on industrial enterprises above designated size in Anhui Province, China.

Assessing the corporate green technology progress and environmental governance performance is essential to estimate the technological levels and environment regulation capabilities of enterprises. With the official statistics of collected panel data, we estimate and evaluate the differential levels of provincial corporate green technology and environmental governance performance of industrial enterprises above designated size (IEADSs) in Anhui Province across multiple dimensions. We firstly chose each surveyed city as the decision-making unit (DMU) in data envelopment analysis (DEA). Subsequently, we estimated the green technology efficiency of IEADSs from a static perspective by using the bootstrap DEA model and an improved super-efficiency (SE) DEA model. Secondly, we used the algorithm of Malmquist productivity index to analyze the dynamic efficiency development tendency and spatiotemporal characteristics in the DMUs. From a dynamic perspective, the evolutionary divergence and convergence characteristics of provincial green technology efficiency were brought about by the estimating algorithm of Malmquist productivity index based on the different regional divisions in Anhui Province. Furthermore, in combination with Malmquist-data envelopment analyses, we also used gray correlation analysis to analyze and evaluate the influencing factors of the industrial green technology efficiencies. This study shows many interesting findings across multiple dimensions. Among the 16 DMUs, there are only eight with the regional green technology efficiencies of IEADSs greater than the expected threshold of 0.9. Nevertheless, the green technology efficiencies of provincial industrial enterprises are still far from the national optimized goals in most of the surveyed cities. The regional green technology efficiencies of IEADSs were ranked as South Anhui>North Anhui>Middle Anhui. The overall average industrial green technology efficiency is 0.8650 in Anhui Province, but the provincial differences of sub-area distribution are relatively large and heterogeneous. The average provincial industrial green technology efficiency appeared as the overall tendency to rise, fall, and then rise, although there is an average bootstrapped Malmquist productivity indices of 1.009 in Anhui Province. Among the declined provincial Malmquist productivity indices, the effch, techch, and sech indices are vital causers of the overall decline of the provincial Malmquist productivity indices. Ultimately, based on all these quantitative estimates and findings, we put forward the following concluding remarks with policy implications and corresponding strategies.

Modeling Current and Future Potential Geographical Distribution of Carpinus tientaiensis, a Critically Endangered Species from China

Future climate change will have serious impacts on species survival and distribution and will likely lead to the extinction of some species classified as endangered. Carpinus tientaiensis (Betulaceae), a unique and endangered species in China, has restricted distribution and a small population, indicating an urgent need for its protection. However, research on its current distribution or the influence that climate change will have on its future survival and distribution is limited. We used a MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software to predict the current and future niches of C. tientaiensis. The current suitable distribution area of C. tientaiensis is small, mainly in east China, south Zhejiang and Anhui, and central and southern mountainous areas of Taiwan province. The core suitable areas are concentrated in the Xianxialing and Kuocang mountains in south Zhejiang, the southern mountains of Taiwan, and the Dabie, Huangshan and Jiuhua mountains in south Anhui. Among the 15 BIOCLIM variables examined, the precipitation of the driest quarter (bio17) was found to be the most important factor limiting C. tientaiensis survival and distribution. Future field investigations will focus on the Xianxialing and Kuocang mountains, as they may have unidentified wild C. tientaiensis communities. In the future, the Kuocang, Dapan and Tiantai mountains in east Zhejiang, and the high-altitude areas of Dabie and Jiuhua mountains in south Anhui, will be suitable for C. tientaiensis ex situ conservation and cultivation. However, the suitable distribution and core suitable areas for C. tientaiensis will decrease sharply as they are susceptible to climate shocks. Moreover, the suitable distribution area of C. tientaiensis is predicted to move slightly north and obviously eastward. Therefore, we suggest that strengthen conservation and management efforts for C. tientaiensis in its original habitats, and actively carry out ex situ conservation and artificial breeding in botanical gardens.

A village in South Anhui

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An Optimization of the Analytical Method for Determining the Flexural Toppling Failure Plane

According to the results of the physical model tests, the failure plane of an anaclinal layered rock slope was a linear‐type plane at an angle above the plane normal to the discontinuities, and the failure mode of rock strata was bending tension. However, the shear failure occurred near the slope toe, the effects of the cohesion of the discontinuities on the stability of the slope, and the contribution of tangential force to cross‐section axial force were neglected in such studies. Moreover, none of the experts had developed a rigorously theoretical method for determining the angle between the failure plane and the plane normal to the discontinuities. This paper was initiated for the purpose of solving the problems described above. With the cantilever beam model and a step‐by‐step analytical method, an optimization of the analytical method for determining the flexural toppling failure plane based on the limit equilibrium theory was developed and the corresponding formulations were derived. Based on the present computational framework, comparisons with other studies were carried out by taking a slate slope in South Anhui in China and a rock slope facing the Tehran‐Chalus Road near the Amir‐Kabir Dam Lake in Iran. Furthermore, the sensitivity analyses of the parameters used in the calculation process of the failure angle of the slate slope in South Anhui in China were performed. The results demonstrated that the failure plane and the safety factor of the stability obtained with the presented method were credible, which verified the proposed method. The dip angle of the slope, the dip angle of the rock stratum, and the friction angle of the discontinuities were the controlling factors for the overall failure of the slate slope in South Anhui in China.

Crustal and uppermost mantle structure across the Lower Yangtze region and its implications for the late Mesozoic magmatism and metallogenesis, eastern South China

We present here high-resolution seismic sections of crustal and uppermost mantle structure along two dense linear arrays across the Lower Yangtze region in the eastern South China Block (SCB). Our seismic images reveal two low-velocity anomalies (LVAs) in the uppermost mantle which we interpreted as relic (still cooling) mantle magma chambers ponding and underplating beneath the base of the crust in the areas of the Dexing porphyry copper deposits and the Cretaceous South Anhui granites. The Moho and LAB discontinuities imaged also exhibit deformation directly above the two mantle LVAs, which probably indicate local mantle lithosphere destruction by asthenospheric upwelling in the Mesozoic. This local asthenospheric upwelling may have triggered melting of the mantle lithosphere and generated the observed mantle magma chamber system through interactions with lower crustal materials. Low Vs bodies revealed in the middle-upper crust at depth of ~10 km may indicate the corresponding solidified intrusive granitoids. These observations provide unambiguous seismological evidence connecting deep magmatism with surface geological features. Combined with previous petrologic and geochemical studies, the findings presented here outline a mantle magma chamber based magmatic system that was underplated beneath the base of the crust and kept supplying heat and materials in forming the voluminous Yanshanian igneous rocks and associated metallogenesis in the Lower Yangtze region.

Correlation Between C3435T Locus of ABCB1 Gene and Poststroke Depression in China.

This study aims to investigate whether a relationship exists between the C3435T polymorphism of ABCB1 gene and poststroke depression (PSD). A total of 82 PSD patients and 115 nondepression patient (NPSD) controls were included in this study. All patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression to determine the severity of depression and complete the packet. PSD patients were diagnosed in accordance with the DSM-V criteria. The C3435T polymorphism of ABCB1 was genotyped through fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosome karyotype analysis system. The PSD (n = 82) and NPSD groups (n = 115) had a total prevalence rate of 41.6%. The prevalence of PSD in men was 58.5%, whereas that in women was 41.5%, and no statistically significant difference existed between the two groups (χ2 = 1.009; p = 0.315). The CC, CT, and TT frequencies of the PSD group were 26.8%, 47.6%, and 25.6%, respectively, whereas those of the NPSD group were 42.6%, 45.2%, and 12.2%, respectively. Based on the CC genotype, the relative risk of homozygous mutant TT was 3.341 (χ2 = 7.869; p = 0.005; OR = 3.341), and the T allele frequency in the PSD group was 49.4% higher than that in the NPSD group. The locus gene frequency was 34.8%, and the relative risk of allele T relative to allele C was 1.830 (χ2 = 8.381; p = 0.004; OR = 1.830). A certain correlation exists between the C3435T gene polymorphism and PSD in the Han population in South Anhui Province, China, and further studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Geological study and significance of typical gold deposits in eastern Qinzhou-Hangzhou metallogenic belt: Constraint from Tianjingshan gold deposit in south Anhui Province

The eastern part of Qinzhou-Hangzhou metallogenic belt, including Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang province, is located in the southeastern Jiangnan Orogen. A large amount of copper‑gold polymetallic deposits are distributed in the belt, represented by Jinshan super-large gold deposit in Jiangxi province, Tianjingshan large gold deposit in Anhui province and Huangshan medium gold deposit in Zhejiang province.The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating for Lingshan and Hanjia intrusions of Tianjingshan gold deposit yield 794.7 ± 5.2 Ma and 765.9 ± 3.7 Ma, respectively, indicating they are all formed in the Jinningian. According to the different geochemical characteristics and field features, Hanjia intrusion shouldn't be altered by Lingshan intrusion, and was not formed in Yanshanian. The Ar-Ar analyses of chlorite for gold-bearing mylonite yield a spectrum age of 331.5 ± 3.2 Ma, firstly identifying Hercynian metallogenic event. The sulfur isotopes of pyrites from gold-bearing quartz veins show that the metallogenic fluids are complex, maybe metamorphic fluids mixed with meteoric water or magmatic water. Integrating with previous studies, Tianjingshan orogenic-type gold deposit with multiple stages and large time span of mineralization is formed by the collision-amalgamation of Yangtze block and Cathaysia block, which the Jinningian is the period of initial gold enrichment, and the Hercynian is an important metallogenic period.Based on contrastive analyses, these three typical gold deposits have similar metallogenic process as follows: the gold rich materials are derived from Neoproterozoic strata and Jinningian intrusion; then the ore-bearing metamorphic fluids resulted from regional metamorphism are mixed with meteoric water or magmatic water, and results in ore-bearing fluids enriched in CO2 and depleted in salinity; finally, the gold in the fluids is enriched in the low degree thrusting brittle- ductile shear zone due to the change of temperature, press and other conditions controlled by the fault. Therefore, these typical gold deposits were directly relate to the collision- amalgamation of Yangtze block and Cathaysia block and have a large time span of mineralization, which the altered-rock type gold deposit was formed at the Jinningian while the quartz vein type gold deposit was formed in Hercynian. Comprehensively, Tianjingshan gold deposit has the typical features of orogenic gold deposit. Significantly, the orogenic type gold deposit can provide important guidance and experience on deep and regional mining exploration.

Effects of habitat conditions on the genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana

To assess the effects of different habitat conditions on the genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana, 2400 individual workers from 120 colonies in four localities of South Anhui mountainous area were analyzed using microsatellite DNA loci. Results showed that in the tea tree monoculture, the number of alleles, average expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content showed no significant difference with those in the natural forest. The number of alleles and polymorphic information content in domesticated population were significantly different from those in the wild population. The average expected heterozygosity was not significantly different between those two populations. The number of alleles, the average expected heterozygous and polymorphic information content were significantly different from those in the wild for samples collected in 2006. There was significant genetic differentiation among populations, with an average differential coefficient of 0.32. Our results indicated that the cultivation of tea plantation in South Anhui would not affect the genetic structure and conservation of bees.

Brief Study on Microelement Contents in Topsoils of Farmlands in Xuancheng, South Anhui

The available contents of microelements in the topsoil can influence the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Xuancheng is the dominant tobacco-planting region in Anhui province since 2008. In this paper, the topsoil available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn contents of 4197 farmlands mainly under rice-rice rotation and wheat-rice rotation in 2008 and of 124 typical farmlands under tobacco-rice rotation in 2015 in Xuancheng city were analyzed in order to disclose the changes and spatial distributions of these microelements and to instruct the reasonable application of the microelement fertilizers. The results showed that the topsoil average available contents in the farmlands under rice-rice rotation or wheat-rice rotation in 2008 were 105.9 mg·kg-1 for Fe, 19.6 mg·kg-1 for Mn, 4.5 mg·kg-1 for Cu, and 3.0 mg·kg-1 for Zn, respectively, increased by 33.14%, 64.29%, 51.11% and 36.67%, respectively, compared with those in the 2nd Soil Survey in 1980s, and the historic, once intensive and overall application of microelement fertilizers was attributed to the great increases. The topsoil average available contents in the farmlands under tobacco-rice rotation in 2015 were 31.1 mg·kg-1 for Fe, 9.8 mg·kg-1 for Mn, 2.1 mg·kg-1 for Cu, and 0.3 mg·kg-1 for Zn, respectively, decreased by 70.63%, 50.00%, 53.33% and 90.00%, respectively, compared with those of the farmlands under rice-rice rotation or wheat-rice rotation in 2008, and the net deficiencies in the input and output of microelements were attributed to the significant decreases in the topsoil microelements. It is necessary to monitor the farmlands under tobacco-rice rotation dynamically and in time in order to decide whether applying microelement fertilizers or not.

Formation of the Neoproterozoic ophiolites in southern China: New constraints from trace element and PGE geochemistry and Os isotopes

The South Anhui ophiolite (SAO) and the Northeast Jiangxi ophiolite (NJO) are the only two known Precambrian ophiolite suites within the eastern segment of the Jiangnan Orogen, South China. These ophiolites may provide significant insights into the convergence history of the South China Block during the Rodinia supercontinent cycle. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the SAO formed at 831 ± 5 Ma whereas the NJO formed at ca. 1000 Ma. Modal mineral assemblages and the preservation of relict primary mineral assemblages indicate that serpentinized peridotites from both ophiolites were mainly harzburgite in protolith. Relict olivine and orthopyroxene fragments within both ophiolite suites yield similarly high Mg# values. The serpentinized peridotite samples yield U-shaped rare earth element patterns and contain high-Cr# spinel, both of which are indicative of supra-subduction zone ophiolites. However, serpentinized peridotites within the SAO contain olivine and clinopyroxene with slightly higher Mg# values, and have lower platinum-group element (PGE) and trace element concentrations than peridotites from the NJO. The SAO peridotites are also depleted in Ir, Pt, and Pd, in contrast to the flat and chondrite-like PGE patterns of the NJO peridotites. These observations indicate that compared with the NJO, SAO peridotites were subjected to a greater degree of melt extraction prior to emplacement.Furthermore, gabbro and basalt from the SAO have N-MORB- or arc-like geochemical characteristics that reflect the incorporation of crustal materials into the mantle source, suggesting that this ophiolite formed in a continental marginal back-arc basin setting. In comparison, the less pronounced depletions in trace elements and PGEs, as well as the restricted 187Os/188Os isotopic compositions of NJO serpentinized peridotites, suggest that they formed in a fore-arc setting. The contrasting geochemical characteristics of the two ophiolite suites indicate that they were generated during distinct stages of convergence along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block. Our results show that ophiolite suites produced within a single orogenic cycle could preserve diverse geochemical characteristics, and may provide insights into the initiation and cessation of continental amalgamation.