Soursop Leaves Research Articles

Synergistic Antihyperglycemic Effects of Soursop Leaves and Garlic in Alloxan-Induced Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin production. Natural remedies, such as soursop leaves (Annona muricata) (SL) and garlic (Allium sativum) (GAR), are known for their antihyperglycemic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SL and GAR extracts, individually and in combination, on reducing blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, receiving treatments of either metformin, SL, GAR, or their combination for seven days following alloxan administration to induce hyperglycemia. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after induction, and post-treatment on day 15. The results showed that the combined extracts exhibited better antihyperglycemic activity compared to individual treatments, with the most effective dose being 26.3 mg/kg BW SL + 31.5 mg/kg BW GAR.

Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Soursop Leaves at Two Stages of Maturity.

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. However, they are non-economical and rapidly diminish due to insect damage and biochemical degradation. This study investigates the impact of different drying methods, including tray drying (TD), vacuum drying (VD), and freeze-drying (FD), on the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of soursop leaves at two maturity stages (young (YL) and mature (ML)). By analyzing their proximate composition, mineral content, color characteristics, pH, extraction yield, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities, this study aims to optimize and select the appropriate drying techniques for soursop leaves. Results demonstrate that FD samples achieved the highest preservation of moisture-sensitive bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties followed by VD and TD. FD samples retained higher levels of chlorophyll (10.09-16.88 mg/g), ascorbic acid (15.91-19.89 mg/100g), phenolics (111.98-121.43 mg GAE/g), and flavonoids (68.91-72.45 mg QE/g) exhibited minimal browning and maintained stable pH (6.81-7.01) values. VD effectively reduced moisture content (3.03%) and preserved mineral concentrations, while TD led to significant nutrient loss despite its moisture removal efficiency. Additionally, ML consistently displayed higher nutrient and phytochemical concentrations than YL. This study highlights FD as the optimal method for preserving the health benefits of soursop leaves and suggests VD as a viable alternative when FD is not feasible. These findings are significant for developing cost-effective and efficient preservation strategies, enhancing the economic value of soursop leaves in various applications.

The Effect of Infusing Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) on Vaginal Discharge in Women of Childbearing Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial at the Lolo Community Health Center, Kerinci Regency, Jambi, Indonesia

Introduction: Vaginal discharge (leukorrhea) is a common gynecological complaint among women of childbearing age. While physiological discharge is normal, pathological discharge can be indicative of underlying infections or conditions. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of soursop leaf infusion (Annona muricata L.) as a complementary treatment for vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Lolo Community Health Center, Kerinci Regency, Jambi, Indonesia. Women aged 15-49 years presenting with vaginal discharge were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (soursop leaf infusion) or the control group (standard care). The intervention group received soursop leaf infusion twice daily for seven days, while the control group received standard care as per the health center's protocol. The primary outcome was the reduction in vaginal discharge symptoms (amount, color, odor, and associated discomfort) after seven days. Secondary outcomes included changes in vaginal pH and microbiological assessment. Results: A total of 130 women participated in the study (65 in each group). After seven days, the intervention group showed a significantly greater reduction in vaginal discharge symptoms compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The amount, color, and odor of discharge improved significantly in the intervention group, along with a reduction in associated discomfort such as itching and irritation. Vaginal pH was also normalized in the intervention group, and microbiological assessment revealed a decrease in pathogenic microorganisms. Conclusion: Soursop leaf infusion (Annona muricata L) appears to be a safe and effective complementary treatment for vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to its beneficial effects. Further research is warranted to explore its long-term efficacy and potential use in combination with conventional therapies.

Immunoprotective efficacy of aqueous monovalent vaccine, turmeric (curcuma longa) rhizome and soursop (annona muricata) leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in African sharptooth catfish (clarias gariepinus) fingerlings

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous monovalent vaccine (AqMV) and adjuvant monovalent vaccine (AdMV), different levels of soursop leaves (SL), and turmeric rhizome (TR) on growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The experimental diet consists of control (without vaccine, soursop leaves and turmeric rhizome), AqMV2, AdMV3, TR4 (0.5), TR5 (1.0), TR6 (2.0), SL7 (0.5), SL8 (1.0) and SL9 (2.0). Fish were exposed to 4.85 log10 CFU/ml P. aeruginosa of 24 h old culture intraperitoneally after feeding trial with relative level of protection recorded at 28 days of post-infection. The results revealed that fish fed with treated diets showed increased (p < .05) weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nitrogen metabolism, white blood cell, globulin, total protein and blood performance and better relative level of protection compared to the control. The microbial loads in fish samples (muscle, spleen and kidney) were reduced (p < .05) in the treatments when compared to the control at 4-week post-infection. These results suggest that inactivated aqueous monovalent vaccine, soursop leaves and turmeric rhizome could be effective against P. aeruginosa infection in fish farming.

Efektivitas Biolarvasida Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) dan Bunga Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) sebagai Pembasmi Jentik Nyamuk

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using a biolarvicide combination of soursop leaf extract and marigold flowers as an exterminator for mosquito larvae. This research included a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized 2 factorial design. The first factor is a combination of soursop leaf extract and marigold flowers, namely, a) 75%:25% (F1); b) 50%:50% (F2); c) 25%:75% (F3). The second factor is the treatment dose, namely, a) 1% (D1); b) 2% (D2); c) 2.5% (D3). Each factor was repeated 3 times. Data analysis uses a non-parametric test, namely Kruskal-Wallist. The results of the study showed that the soursop leaf and marigold flower extract formula 75%:25% was most effective against mosquito larvae mortality at a dose of 2.5% within an observation period of 6 hours. In conclusion, soursop leaf and marigold flower extracts are effective mosquito larva repellents. Keywords: Biolarvicide, Marigold Flowers, Soursop Leaves, Effectiveness, Mosquito Larvae

Comparative Analysis of Antioxidants in Moringa Leaves and Soursop Leaves

Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can donate one or more electrons to free radicals, so antioxidants function to neutralize free radicals. Antioxidants delay and inhibit cell damage through their properties that can neutralize free radicals. Several studies have reported that M.oleifera has antioxidant activity to various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. Moringa oleifera or better known as Moringa is a plant that is widely used by the community to overcome various disease complaints. In addition to Moringa leaves, Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L) also have high antioxidant content in their leaves so that these plants can be divided into synthetic antioxidants and natural antioxidants. The use of synthetic antioxidants is currently decreasing due to consideration of the negative effects on health such as liver damage and can cause carcinogens so that their use is replaced by natural antioxidants. The natural antioxidants in question are compounds found in natural materials such as Moringa leaves and Soursop leaves. The type of research used in this study is experimental research by testing the comparison of antioxidant compound activity between Moringa leaves and Soursop leaves using the DPPH method. Moringa leaves had antioxidant activity of 141.34 ppm, while Soursop leaves had antioxidant activity of 82.39 ppm. There is no significant difference in antioxidant activity between Moringa leaves and Soursop leaves.

Life Cycle of Wild Silkmoth Attacus atlas L. Fed on Mahogany Leaves and Soursop Leaves

The study aims to investigate the life cycle and success of the Attacus atlas L. larvae fed with mahoni leaves and sirsak leaves. Observations are done on the development of larvae from eggs until they reach the adult butterfly phase. The study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023 using direct observation methods to look at the life cycle of Attacus atlas L. Observations were carried out in the morning and in the evening. Data on the success rate of life of larvae in each stage of development is also recorded. Research has shown that the life cycle of A. atlas L. larvae on mahoni leaf foods has a shorter phase period compared to sirsak leaf feed. The age of the A. atlas L. larvae tends to be higher when feeding the sirsak leaves, especially in the subsequent instar phase. However, further research is needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the other factors that affect the success of the life of A. atlas L. larvae on various types of feed. This research contributes to the biological understanding and management of A. atlas L. larva conservation, as well as providing important insights into the conservation efforts of this species as a wild silk insect that has significant economic value.

Larvacidal Effect of Methanol Extract from Soursop Leaves Against 3rd Instar Larvae of Culex sp. Mortality

The Culex genus is widely distributed in Indonesia. It is responsible for disrupting and interfering of human daily activities and also transmitting some diseases for human. Vector control strategies normally involve the use of synthetic larvacide however excessive use causes adverse effect on environmental quality and resistance to larvae. Thus, extract from soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves may be an alternative sources of larval control agents. The present study reveals the larvicidal effect of methanol extract from soursop leaves against 3rd instar larvae of Culex sp. mortality. Experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments (0 ppm, 125 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm) and 4 replications was carried out with Culex sp. 3rd instar larvae and the larval mortality was recorded after 48 hours since the exposure. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA which was continued by Tukey HSD and followed by Probit analyze to determine LC50 and LC90. The results showed that the methanol extract of soursop leaves exhibited significant larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values are 586,099 and 2119,645 ppm. The highest concentration increases the mortality rate of larvae. In conclusion, the soursop leaves methanol extract has a larvacide effect on the 3rd larvae of Culex sp.

The Influence of Gout Sufferers' Uric Acid Levels On Boiled Water Soursop Leaves (Annona Muricata)

This study sought to ascertain the impact of administering cooked water Soursop leaves (Annona muricata) to gout patients in the village of Plososari Mojokerto on their uric acid levels. This study's design was not experimental. All of the 20 plososari mojokerto individuals with gout made up the study's population. Total sampling is the sample method used in this study. According to the findings of statistical testing, there was a drop in uric acid levels before and after, with 20 (100%) of the respondents having high levels before, 10 (50%) after, and 10 (50%) of the remaining respondents having normal levels. One that results from their excessive consumption of purine-rich foods.

Butenedioic Acid of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) Water Extract as Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) Inhibitor

Butenedioic Acid of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) Water Extract as Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) Inhibitor

Antioxidant Activities of Soursop Leaves and Meniran Plant Extracts Combination

Antioxidants can prevent free radicals which from the metabolism of the body, air pollution and contamination of food. Soursop leaves has a good potential as an antioxidant because it contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. Meniran has a good potential as an antioxidant because it contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and steroids. The combination of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract can provide very strong antioxidant activity than its singular forms. The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity of the combination of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract compared to the singular forms. This research was done at the BPTO Tawangmangu Central Java, Indonesian and Chemical Laboratory, STIKES Nasional from October to December 2016. This type of research was experimental with quota sampling technique. The results showed that IC50 value of singular forms of soursop leaves extract was 116,5376 ppm. IC50 value of singular forms of meniran extract was 30,6893 ppm. IC50 value of combination forms of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract with ratio of 1:1 was 41,4710 ppm. IC50 value of combination forms of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract with ratio of 1:2 was 23,8590 ppm. IC50 value of combination forms of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract with ratio of 2:1 was 56,5174 ppm. The combination of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract had very strong antioxidant activity compared to its singular forms. The combination soursop leaves extract and meniran with ratio of 1:2 had the strongest antioxidant activity.

Single-Dose and Combined-Dose of Nanoparticles from Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) and Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Induced Apoptosis and Necrosis in HeLA Cells

Introduction: Apart from the medical advancement of chemotherapy, various plants were known as beneficial for cancer therapy because they can kill cancer cells selectively without damaging the normal cells. Here, we showed that nanoparticles formulated from chloroform fraction of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves and ethyl acetate fraction of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) have anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on HeLa cervical cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxic effect was evaluated using a single dose of each nanoparticle and a combined dose to obtain a synergistic effect. The mechanism of induced cell death via apoptosis or necrosis pathway was evaluated using flow cytometry by incorporating Annexin V and propidium iodide. Results: Synthesis of nanoparticles from the extract of soursop leaves (nano-SL) and extract of sappan wood (nano-SW) yielded particle sizes ranging from 248 to 317 nm. Nano-SL and nano-SW decreased the viability of HeLa cervical cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 63,32 μg/ml dan 40,88 μg/ml, respectively. The combined dose of 1/8 IC50 from both nanoparticles showed a strong synergistic effect, as shown by the combination index value of 0.13 based on the same mode of action and different modes of action. In HeLa cells treated with a combined dose of nanoparticles, the total apoptotic cells increased two times greater than that in control cells. Conclusion: Nano-SL and nano-SW induce apoptosis and necrosis in HeLa cells. Combined-dose of both nanoparticles produced a synergistic effect that could reduce the amount of the required individual dose while increasing the total effect.

NARRATIVE REVIEW TANAMAN YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI IMMUNOMODULATOR

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) is an infectious disease caused by the acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. Currently, the COVID-19 disease outbreak is experienced by various countries around the world, including Indonesia. In overcoming it, there are several ways of deterrence that can be done, such as by increasing the body's immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining immunity is something that needs to be considered. In addition to vitamins, herbal plants that have the potential as immunomodulators can also be consumed. Therefore, through efforts to improve theimmune system, this review aims to obtain plants that have the potential as immunomodulators to enhance the immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method in the review used journals available online at Google Scholar with Sinta or Garuda accredited journals. The main focus of this review is herbal plants that have a role as an immunomodulator that can improve the body's immune system. The journals used are journals published in 2011-2021 with inclusion criteria, namely using Indonesian or English about plants that have the potential as immunomodulators, then the journalsobtained are analyzed. The results obtained were 30 types of plants that have potential as immune system enhancers including Dayak Onion Tubers, Papaya Leaves, Kecombrang Fruits, Pineapple Fruits, Kesambi, Soursop Leaves, Purslane, Garlic, Dates, Celery Leaves, Andaliman, Mahkota Dewa Fruit. , Moringa, Meniran, Noni Fruit, Gotu Kola, Sambiloto, Kiseureuh, Javanese Chili, Tempuyung Leaves, Basil Leaves, Ceplukan, Seaweed, Neem Leaves, Red Betel Leaf, Salam Leaves, Guava, Turmeric, Lime and Red Ginger Rhizome with compounds that act as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids,xeronin, tannins, quersentin, -tocopherol, lycopene, catechins, diterpenoids, deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide, epicatechin isothiocyanate and curcumin.&#x0D; Keywords: COVID-19, Potency of Immumodulator Plants, Flavonoids

Studi Literatur: Tanaman yang Memiliki Aktivitas Peluruh Kalsium Batu Ginjal Secara In Vitro

Kidney stones are a disease that is often found in society due to various causes. This disease is characterized by hardened deposits in the kidneys, mostly containing calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The medical treatment used is most effective with surgery. But this can carry significant risks, unwanted side effects, and is relatively expensive. So that herbal medicine becomes an alternative. This study aims to determine which plants have the activity of calcium kidney stone breaking. The research method used is online data search using appropriate keywords, carried out online in indexed journal databases. Based on several studies, there are several plants that have in vitro activity so that they can provide an overview of certain herbal plants that have the potential to decay calcium kidney stones, namely Cocor Bebek (Bryophyllum Pinnatum Lam), Kelor Leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.), combination of Soursop Leaves ( Annona muricata) and pegagan (Centella asiatica L.Urb) , Adam Hawa leaves (Rhoeo discolor Hance), starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbii L.), Moonflower leaves (Tithonia diversifolia), and celery (Apium graveolens L.)The part of tamanan leaves studied has a good affinity for releasing kidney stones calcium.

Kinetic Model of Moisture Diffusivity in Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) by Convection Drying

Tea is considered to be a product that brings health benefits. The drying process showed high efficiency in processing this product. However, the process of moisture is not qdequately controlled, resulting in wasted energy in the drying process. The dynamics of the drying process of soursop leaves and the effect of temperature on the process speed were assessed in the present study. Five models (Newton, Henderson and Pabis, Page, Logarithmic, and Weibull) were used to determine the suitable drying dynamic at temperatures of 50°C, 55°C, 60°C and 65°C. The mechanism of the processing is based on the principle of dehumidification of the convection drying system with hot air, which caused the moisture inside the material to move outwards. The results showed that the drying temperature is directly proportional to the drying rate of the process, as the increase in drying temperaturefrom 50°C to 65°C produced the link breaking energy and heating thatleads to evaporation. Dehumidification rate depends on the temperature, change in Deff value as 1 x (RTa) -1 from from 9,264 95 × 10−9 m/s2 to 9.76485 × 10−9 m/s2. Page model with determination coefficient R2> 0.99 was found to be the most suitable model for experimental data.

The Effect of Soursop Leaves Fraction (Annona squamosa L.) as Anticancer

Anticancer drugs are primarily aimed at inhibiting the growth andproliferation of cancer cells. The soursop plant (Annona squamosa L.) has thepotential to be developed as an anticancer drug. This plant contains severalactive compounds including flavonoids, borneol, camphor, alkaloids, terpenes,saponins, tannins, polyphenols and polyketide compounds. This study wasconducted to assess the efficacy of the polar fraction of soursop leaves oncytotoxic activity based on the IC₅₀ value in T47D cells. This research isexperimental in vitro study using cell line T47D. The methanol fraction ofsoursop leaves was diluted with DMSO and DMEM to obtain a concentration of500; 250; 125; 62.5; 31.25 µg/ mL cisplatin with a concentration of 50:25:12,5:6,25:3,125 µg/mL. The methanol fraction of soursop from the highestconcentration of 500 µg/ml has average viability of 46.77% and the averagepercentage of viability will increase in proportion to the decrease in theconcentration of the test compound. The IC50 value shows the concentrationvalue that results in the inhibition of cell proliferation by 50% of the population.In conclusion, methanol fraction of soursop leaves have an anticytotoxic effecton T47D cell line through the role of flavonoid metabolites.

Anti-Inflammation of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) Against Hemorrhoids in Mice Induced by Croton Oil

Anti-Inflammation of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) Against Hemorrhoids in Mice Induced by Croton Oil

Cytotoxicity of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) against Cervical HeLa Cancer Cells

Cytotoxicity of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) against Cervical HeLa Cancer Cells

Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Daun Sirsak Untuk Hipertensi

Public Knowledge About Soursop Leaves For Hypertension. Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is higher than 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHG). The 140 mmHG number refers to systolic reading, when the heart pumps blood throughout the body. Meanwhile, the 90 mmHG number refers to diastolic reading, when the heart is relaxed while refilling its chambers with blood. Based on a preliminary study conducted by the researchers, the data about people's knowledge about soursop leaves for hypertension was very diverse. The purpose of this study was to find out public knowledge about soursop leaves for hypertension. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses quota sampling with 30 respondents. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis. The results of data analysis showed that respondents who had good knowledge were 27 respondents (90%), while respondents who had sufficient knowledge were 3 respondents (10%). The conclusion of this study is that public knowledge about soursop leaves for hypertension, is in the good category (90%), and knowledge with sufficient category (10%).

PEMINATAN PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL DI LINGKUNGAN PANDAI BESI KECAMATAN SEKARBELA KOTA MATARAM

The purpose of this research is to find out the types and what medicinal plants are used by the people in Karang Pule Hamlet. Data retrieval in this study through two approaches, namely field research to get primary data and then enriched through secondary data. Primary data collection is carried out by involving the community through interviews with local community groups and individual members of the community. The selection criteria are based on the ability and practice of traditional medicine that conducted by informants. In collecting data, the interview technique used is open ended. This data collection technique is also used to explore knowledge systems about the diversity of traditional medicinal plant species, how to manage them, use them as well as to maintain the interest of the medical community using medicinal plants. Obtained types of medicinal plants that are used by the community in the Iron Pande Environment include Red Onion, Betel, Ginger, Castor Leaves, Guava, Turi Leaves, Lime, Sager, Banten, Kencur, Galangal, Turmeric, Cat Mustache, Horse Whip, Tongue Crocodile, Sondak / Pumpkin, Papaya, Blimbing, Cinnamon, Temulawak, Celery, Soursop Leaves, and Lemongrass. So, it can be concluded that medicinal plants can be beneficial to improve the health status of Karang Pule community.