Source Of Knowledge Acquisition Research Articles

Knowledge and practice of dental professionals regarding vertical teeth preparation techniques

BackgroundVertical preparation techniques (VPTs), particularly the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT), have gained prominence in restorative dentistry due to their conservative approach to tooth structure preservation and improved aesthetic outcomes. This study aims to assess the knowledge and clinical practices of VPTs, including BOPT, among dental professionals in Sanaa, Yemen, and explore the barriers to their widespread use.Materials and methodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted among general practitioners and specialists in Sanaa, Yemen using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The survey explored the participants’ knowledge, familiarity, and clinical use of VPTs and their perceptions of its advantages and challenges. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to evaluate associations between professional roles and VPT knowledge and practice. P values < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsOut of 285 participants, 76.8% were familiar with VPTs but only 11.6% reported using these approaches in clinical practice. The primary source of knowledge acquisition was informal, with 26.3% of the participants citing social media as their main resource. Specialists demonstrated significantly higher proficiency and confidence in applying VPTs compared with general practitioners (p < 0.05). Key challenges identified in clinical adoption were controlling gingival bleeding (32.28%) and achieving precise margins during tooth preparation (34.74%). The majority (55.8%) of participants acknowledged the potential of VPTs as the future of restorative dentistry. Despite these benefits, 36.1% of the respondents emphasized the need for further training and educational programs to enhance proficiency and overcome the perceived complexity of these techniques.ConclusionThis study highlights significant gaps in the knowledge and practice of VPTs, particularly BOPT, among the participants. While these techniques offer promising clinical and aesthetic benefits, their adoption is hindered by inadequate training and perceived complexity. Targeted educational interventions and further research are needed to support the broad implementation of VPTs in clinical practice.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

The role of digitalization in knowledge exchange and sources of knowledge acquisition for students’ well-being

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychological well-being of university students in the context of the impact made by knowledge exchange in online learning. The research includes case analysis and collects feedback from students and teachers on tasks in digital format. The study involved 219 students from two Russian universities, who formed experimental and control groups. Before the cluster training program, both groups took the “Psychological Well-being Test” method at the start of the educational process. After completing the digital knowledge exchange program, students took the test again. The results showed a significant correlation between the experimental and control groups. There was a significant improvement in the effectiveness of students in the experimental group in terms of interpersonal interaction during the preparation of reports (p = 4.187). Practically, this study confirms the effectiveness of digital knowledge exchange in the context of improving the well-being of students.

Melioidosis Knowledge Awareness in Three Distinct Groups in the Tropical Northern Territory of Australia.

Melioidosis is a potentially life-threatening infection. This study aimed to assess the melioidosis knowledge among distinct participant groups in the tropical Top End of the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. Participants were categorised into three groups: NT medical students and health research staff (Group 1: Hi-Ed), Aboriginal Rangers and Aboriginal Healthcare Workers (Group 2: Rangers/AHWs), and patients with a history of melioidosis infection (Group 3: Patients). A questionnaire was developed to collect data on demographics, risk and protective factor awareness, and knowledge acquisition sources. We used responses to calculate indices for risk knowledge (RKI), protective knowledge (PKI), overall melioidosis knowledge (MKI), and information sources (ISI). We found that 93.6% of participants in Group 1 (Hi-Ed) said that they had heard of melioidosis, followed by 81.5% in Group 3 (Patients), and 72.0% in Group 2 (Rangers/AHWs). Group 1 (Hi-Ed) participants demonstrated greater knowledge of risk-increasing behaviours but had gaps in knowledge of clinical risks like diabetes. Multiple regression revealed that the number of resources used was the only significant predictor of MKI. There are varying melioidosis knowledge levels across different NT participant groups. Targeted educational interventions are needed to enhance melioidosis awareness. A weblink with an interactive summary of our analysis can be found under Results part.

Impact of Project Complexity on Project Success through Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Practices Moderating Role of Ambidextrous Leadership

The research article investigates the intricate dynamics within the IT industry of Pakistan, exploring the impact of project complexity on project success. Utilizing a quantitative, cross sectional approach with a sample of 384 IT professionals, the study reveals a negative influence of project complexity on project success. Knowledge management practices emerge as crucial mediators, mitigating the negative impact of complexity and fostering positive project outcomes. The findings underscore the pivotal role of ambidextrous leadership, indicating that leaders with adaptability enhance the relationship between project complexity, knowledge management practices, and project success. Key insights highlight the importance of cultivating a culture of openness and innovation, improving information collection about managerial requirements, and promoting diverse sources of knowledge acquisition within organizations. Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of leadership behavior that encourages networking, brainstorming, and the transfer of best practices. The study contributes valuable insights for both academia and industry, paving the way for further research and strategic interventions in the evolving landscape of the IT sector.

Investigation the Relationship Between Main Sources Knowledge Acquisition and Open Innovation at the Second Managerial Levels of the General Directorate of Traffic

Purpose: This study aims to examine and investigate the main sources of knowledge acquisition for individuals at the middle management levels and determine the relationship (degree of correlation and influence) between the variables of the study&#x0D; &#x0D; Theoretical framework: Recent and future studies literature reported the need for, knowledge acquisition takes place, and the best methods are those that come from outside sources such as partners, competitors, suppliers, and customers, as best practices when compared to other institutions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Design/methodology/approach: this study used the scientific methodology based on knowledge analysis, it used a questionnaire that was created taking into account the scientific requirements, Two main hypotheses have been developed. And it consisted of a sample of individuals who depended on learning new things, most similar to knowledge processes. The second organizational level of the General Traffic Department and (63) other individuals were used to generate this sample and adopted computer statistics (SPSS. V. 24) to analyze and process data and information&#x0D; &#x0D; Findings: The results concluded and found that the variables of acquiring knowledge and open innovation had a positive correlation and impact, as the variable (partners) obtained the highest correlation value.&#x0D; &#x0D; Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: Managers can find new visions and indicators for applying the knowledge acquisition system, and identifying their impact on achieving open innovation.&#x0D; &#x0D; Originality/value: The value of the study is to enhance the understanding of the literature related to The Relationship Between Main Sources of Knowledge Acquisition And Open Innovation by analysis, and provides an applied conception.

An anatomization of research paper recommender system: Overview, approaches and challenges

The purpose of this study is to present an exhaustive analysis on research paper recommender systems which have become very popular and gained a lot of research attention. Though the major focus is on developing new recommendation algorithms, other research dimensions are left untouched. Renown recommendation classes include content-based approaches, collaborative filtering, link-based algorithms, co-occurrence based approaches, global relevance and hybrid methods. These approaches mainly differ in background knowledge and modes of user behavior analysis. For instance, content-based filtering uses paper descriptions which are mostly word-based features. Collaborative filtering makes predictions based on peers’ interests. Link-based algorithms utilize academic associations that exist between different entities in academia. Co-occurrence based techniques incorporate event occurrences to locate related papers. Global relevance adopts a ‘one-for-all’ policy for recommending popular articles. Hybrid methods combine the above approaches to design efficient algorithms. We have reviewed articles implementing several versions of these classes, however minor customizations make it difficult to categorize the new methods to one of the base classes. We have defined the concept of ‘background knowledge and operating principle’ for proper classification and to make a clear distinction among the recommendation approaches. We have used a combination of systematic literature review, critical review, and conceptual review to conduct this survey which presents current advancements in the field and discusses popular recommendation approaches. This paper reveals the factors affecting users’ behavior and introduces a taxonomy of knowledge acquisition sources. Moreover, various evaluation methods and important performance criteria are explored. Finally, this paper examines the research trends and reports major loopholes in current research to foster the development of efficacious recommender systems.

Study of a Compressor Refrigeration Circuit

Abstract An important part of technical education is the presentation of processes through experiments and demonstration tools. This direct sensual experience is one of the sources of knowledge acquisition. The illustration provides a deeper understanding of the curriculum, making the cognitive process more intense. In this study we present a refrigerator model we have designed and implemented. Measurements are then performed on a real refrigerator to study the compressor refrigeration process. The locations where data were acquired are shown on the model.

Knowledge is power: toward a combined model of knowledge acquisition and knowledge application of enterprises

PurposeThis paper aims to theoretically investigate a knowledge management model from the combined perspective of knowledge acquisition and knowledge application and its effect on organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews prior research on knowledge acquisition and knowledge application, puts forward the concepts of “the extensiveness of knowledge acquisition” and “the concentration of knowledge application” and more importantly proposes an integrated model by combining these two dimensions. Four case examples of enterprises are subsequently described and analyzed to illustrate the sources of knowledge acquisition, the objects of knowledge application and their influences on organizational performance.FindingsFour knowledge management modes and their impacts are confirmed in this study. Specifically, the organization of the turbojet engine mode (high extensiveness of knowledge acquisition and high concentration of knowledge application) can achieve good performance. The pipeline mode (high extensiveness of knowledge acquisition and low concentration of knowledge application) is the second, which has limited influence on good organizational performance. Organizations with the flashlight mode (low extensiveness of knowledge acquisition and high concentration of knowledge application) can achieve limited performance under the appropriate environment. The candle mode (low extensiveness of knowledge acquisition and low concentration of knowledge application) is the worst, performance of which is poor due to the break of the knowledge chain.Practical implicationsThis paper holds that organizations should actively use the turbojet engine mode, adopt the pipeline mode and the flashlight mode cautiously, and avoid falling into the candle mode.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to propose the concepts of “the extensiveness of knowledge acquisition” and “the concentration of knowledge application,” and provides a combined model for analyzing differences in organizational performance from the perspective of knowledge.

The Dynamics of Sources of Knowledge on the Nature of Innovation in the Public Sector: Understanding Incremental and Transformative Innovations in Local Governments

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of different sources of knowledge acquisition in public organizations has become widely promoted for overcoming sociotechnical challenges through innovation. This study divided the sources of knowledge into external and internal learning mechanisms to assess their divergent effects on incremental and transformative innovations in 82 local governments involved in green and blue infrastructure projects. First, the study tests whether more diverse external sources of knowledge acquisition are more effective in increasing transformative innovation than internal learning mechanisms. The second proposition tests whether internal changes in organizational routines are associated with incremental rather than transformative innovation. Results from mediation analysis using structural equation models confirm that the initial negative effect of external and internal learning mechanisms on innovation can be eliminated, on the one hand, by engaging in more diverse cross-sector collaborations to increase transformative innovations and, on the other hand, by focusing on changing administrative routines to support incremental innovation.

A Cross-sectional Survey of Chinese Secondary School Students on Infectious Disease Prevention during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Objective: Improving secondary school students’ knowledge and behaviors toward infectious disease prevention is key to promoting their health. In this study, we evaluated secondary school students’ infectious disease prevention literacy, determined the sources of knowledge acquisition, and identified deficiencies in education programs. Methods: A questionnaire was disseminated through social media from February 1-5, 2020, starting from selected class group chats of students in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Jiangsu provinces. A total of 1761 responses were collected. The male-to-female ratio was 1.08:1. The chi-square test was employed to analyze data. Results: Most respondents reported that they were familiar with the standard 7-step handwashing method. Most respondents reported that their knowledge and behaviors of infectious disease prevention were mainly acquired through the Internet. The vast majority of respondents believed that more education programs are needed in secondary schools. Conclusions: Secondary school students’ knowledge and behaviors toward infectious disease prevention need to be improved. Infectious disease prevention programs on campuses should be increased in quantity, enriched in scope, refined in form, and improved in coherence and continuity.

English

Southwestern region of Bangladesh is very rich in floral diversity, and their diversified uses. An extensive survey was conducted to investigate ethnobotanical applications of botanical species by the community of Khulna, Bangladesh. We focused on plants and community relationships, identify the most important species used, determine the relative importance of the species surveyed and calculated the Fidelity level (FI) and Cultural Significance Index (CSI) concerning individual species. In total, we have listed 136 species of 114 genera under 52 families, of which 41% (63) species were utilized as food, followed by&nbsp; 30% (45) medicine, 14% (21) constructional timber, 11% (17) ornamental, and 4% (6) other uses. Inheritance of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants was the primary source of knowledge acquisition through oral transmission over the generations. However, only 34% of the informants were traditional herbal practitioners. Most of the medicinal uses are primly associated with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antiseptic, expectorant, antidote, fever reduction, and pain relief. Key words: Plants, ethnobotany, homestead, Khulna, Bangladesh.

A Chinese perspective on the actual and preferred sources of coaching knowledge

Efforts to improve coaching effectiveness require an understanding of the common sources of coaches’ knowledge acquisition. Sports coaches utilise multiple learning sources, yet limited direct evidence elucidates the manner in which Chinese coaches learn to coach and the evolution of their learning sources throughout their careers’ development. This research examines the actual and preferred sources of coaching knowledge for Chinese coaches and analyses changes in learning sources from Junior to Senior level coaches. One hundred coaches from China, including 60 Junior coaches, 23 Intermediate coaches and 17 Senior coaches, completed an online questionnaire. The survey results indicated that coaches acquire knowledge from formal, informal and non-formal learning situations. However, formal coach education (coach education programmes) is the most important source of knowledge acquisition for all coaches. Furthermore, as coaches develop, the sources to acquire knowledge will gradually change from athletic experience to interaction with other coaches. Based on these findings, we suggest that national sport governing bodies build more comprehensive coach education systems by establishing a scientific mentoring system and organising regular coach-themed clinics, seminars, meetings and so on. Future research is needed to examine how coaches in China’s dominant programmes learn to coach and how this learning is practically applied.

Assessing the effectiveness of public awareness-raising initiatives for the Hainan gibbon Nomascus hainanus

AbstractMany protected areas conduct awareness-raising activities to increase local knowledge and support conservation programmes, but the effectiveness of such activities is rarely assessed. Public awareness-raising has been carried out since the early 2000s around Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China, to improve conservation knowledge about the Critically Endangered Hainan gibbon Nomascus hainanus, one of the rarest mammals. We conducted 207 interviews in 25 villages around Bawangling National Nature Reserve to evaluate the outcome of previous conservation education, through comparison of variation in local respondent knowledge and attitudes, and specific enquiries about sources of knowledge acquisition. Likelihood of accurate responses to most of our questions regarding the species was positively correlated with local exposure to gibbon-themed billboards and murals, and respondents exhibited greater knowledge about several key conservation indices for gibbons compared to their knowledge about sympatrically occurring rhesus macaques Macaca mulatta. Many respondents specifically reported they knew about local existence, population size, conservation status, and threats to gibbons from past awareness-raising activities, with village education sessions and billboards widely identified as key sources of information. However, other known awareness-raising approaches have had little detectable effect on shaping local conservation awareness. Although educational activities have improved awareness about gibbons and their conservation requirements in relative terms, overall levels of knowledge remain low in many important areas and ongoing improvement of local awareness is still needed, in particular around poorly-understood topics such as gibbon conservation status, rarity and threats, and for socio-demographic groups possessing less conservation knowledge.

Assessing the United States Grape Industry’s Understanding of Fungicide Resistance Mitigation Practices

In 2019, a national survey of 252 members of the United States grape industry from 20 states assessed knowledge perception of fungicide resistance management, application of that knowledge to vineyard practices, and knowledge acquisition sources. Overall, respondents demonstrated clear understanding of resistance management practices. The specific distribution of responses was influenced by the respondent’s job role, duration of industry experience, and their farming operation size. Nationally, respondents were moderately familiar with the acronym FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee), with nearly 75% indicating they could identify the FRAC code of a fungicide. They felt moderately competent they could design a fungicide program that adhered to resistance management principles. Respondents identified fungicide resistance as a serious problem nationally, and as a moderate problem in their own vineyards. They ranked practices that include rotating fungicides of different FRAC codes, avoiding multiple sequential applications of the same trade name or FRAC code, tank mixing with different FRAC codes, using multisite products in a spray program, routine sprayer maintenance and calibration, and good canopy management as very-to-extremely important in managing fungicide resistance; whereas practices such as rotating between trade names and tank mixing different trade names ranked slightly important. Respondents identified university-based extension programs as the primary information resource for fungicide efficacy and fungicide stewardship (resistance management). To maximize potential effect, these results suggest that future educational efforts should be aimed at improving practices for fungicide resistance stewardship and should align with the knowledge-base and demographic factors of the target audience—particularly their job role, experience, and size of operation.

The acceptance of social media video for knowledge acquisition, sharing and application: A com-parative study among YouTube users and TikTok Users’ for medical purposes

YouTube and TikTok have gained increasing recognition as social network sites to support online knowledge acquisition, sharing, and application via social media platforms in the medical field. This study examines which aspect of TikTok and YouTube stimulates doctors, nurses, and any other YouTube and TikTok in the medical setting, to rely on them as sources of knowledge acquisition and sharing to keep their medical repertoire updated. A hybrid model is designed to investigate users’ acceptance of YouTube and TikTok as social media platforms. The model focuses on four main external factors: content richness, innovativeness, satisfaction, and enjoyment. These factors are connected with two TAM constructs which are perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The results have shown that both YouTube and TikTok are affected by PEOU, PU, personal innovativeness, flow theory, and content richness. Both social media networks provide up-to-date sources described as useful, enjoyable, and relevant. Nevertheless, the comparative results have shown that YouTube has deeply influenced users’ medical perception and knowledge compared to TikTok. It is created for the very mere purpose of socialization and self-expression. In contrast, YouTube is used for educational and non-educational purposes due to the type of uploaded content and time management. Therefore, TikTok developers and influencers should initiate highly specialized videos and create content that raises awareness of medical field issues.

A Conceptual Framework Toward Understanding of Knowledge Acquisition Sources and Student Well-Being.

There are a multitude of factors influencing student employability, with all previous studies basing their conclusions upon predetermined variables according to different theories and exploring the relevance between them. In this study, teachers’ knowledge transfer and market orientation—are put forward on the basis of the marketing concepts in order to explore the conspicuousness between various factors within the structural model. This study uses students from colleges in Taiwan and mainland China, and purposive sampling is adopted to acquire samples required for statistics. A total of 1,222 valid questionnaires were collected from Taiwanese and Mainland China students. The results indicate that knowledge transfer, market orientation and absorptive capacity have significant impacts on student employability, that the absorptive capacity has a positive moderating effect on the influence of knowledge transfer and market orientation on student employability. Based on results and findings, this study will provide suggestions for theoretical and practical implications.

The Effect of Relational Embeddedness, Absorptive Capacity, and Learning Orientation on SMEs' Competitive Advantage.

The combination of external new knowledge and organizational capability has become a cornerstone in the internationalized enterprises. Sources of knowledge acquisition are among the most valuable resources that an internationalized firm can achieve competitive advantage. This study aims to explore this phenomenon between knowledge sources and competitive advantage in the context of internationalized small and medium enterprises (SMEs) mainly by a quantitative approach. Based on contextual nature of resource–capability–competitive, absorptive capacity has long been a critical construct in organizational studies, as well as referring relational embeddedness as potential drivers of absorptive capacity, which is moderated by learning orientation. This study also investigates the mediating effect of absorptive capacity in terms of knowledge absorption and integration on international competitive advantage. To gain insights and provide essential implications for internationalized SMEs from the global economy, this study adopted purposive sampling to collect 211 valid responses. Via the partial least-squares structural modeling, the relationships among relational embeddedness, potential and realized absorptive capacity, and competitive advantage were measured. The results suggest that relational embeddedness positively influences potential and realized absorptive capacity with moderating effect of learning orientation. Potential and realized absorptive capacities have full mediating effect between relational embeddedness and competitive advantage. This study concludes insights and implications for research and practice.

Problematic aspects of professional training of forensic personnel of law enforcement agencies

"This article discusses the problem of implementing the personnel goal of criminologists. The problem of using special knowledge in the investigation and judicial review of criminal cases has constantly attracted the attention of scientists and practitioners. The question of the nature of special knowledge and its relations with legal provisions is subject to intensive discussion in science. However, to date, none of the positions of researchers is generally recognized, which indicates the need for further development and analysis of this problem. Kazakh criminologists also considered this problem in connection with the peculiarities of domestic legislation. For example, S. F.Bychkova defines special knowledge «as knowledge not generally known in legal proceedings, acquired by a person as a result of professional training or work in a certain specialty, used to solve the problems of legal proceedings». When considering the concept and essence of special knowledge, attention is focused on two aspects: their general content and scope of application. At the same time, the general content is linked to the source of knowledge acquisition – special training and subsequent professional activity. The scope of application is mainly reduced to the needs arising in the implementation of criminal proceedings. "

ETNOBOTÁNICA DE CALABAZAS EN NAYARIT, MÉXICO

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background.&lt;/strong&gt; From the early days, human beings have used plants to satisfy their biological or cultural needs; this man-plant relationship is studied by ethnobotany. Pumpkins were one of the first plants domesticated by &lt;em&gt;Homo sapiens&lt;/em&gt; and currently they are important species in human diet. &lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;. To explore the knowledge about the relationship that exists between farmers and pumpkin species cultivated in Nayarit, Mexico. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology&lt;/strong&gt;. Consisted of fieldwork in the years 2013 and 2014, where 15 municipalities were visited, and 35 farmers were interviewed; techniques used for the compilation of information were through semi-structured interviews and the participant observation method. Species studied were &lt;em&gt;Cucurbita argyrosperma &lt;/em&gt;Huber&lt;em&gt;, Cucurbita ficifolia &lt;/em&gt;Bouché&lt;em&gt;, Cucurbita pepo &lt;/em&gt;L.&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;and&lt;em&gt; Cucurbita moschata &lt;/em&gt;Duch. Ex Lam&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt; Information collected included the traditional classification, uses, selection criteria for seed, a source of knowledge acquisition of the crop and beliefs and rites related to the species. &lt;strong&gt;Results.&lt;/strong&gt; Main use of pumpkin among farmers were as food, forage and medicine. Seeds and fruits were the main elements of interest; producers’ criteria for selection of plants are based on the characteristics of fruits using established patterns, with which they create their selections for fruit or seed production. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion.&lt;/strong&gt; It was found that &lt;em&gt;Cucurbita&lt;/em&gt; spp. have a ritualistic relationship with the Huichol ethnic group, as it is part of their ceremonies related to their beliefs.&lt;/p&gt;

Surgeon training and clinical implementation of spinal endoscopy in routine practice: results of a global survey.

Training of spine surgeons may impact the availability of contemporary minimally invasive spinal surgery (MIS) to patients and drive spine surgeons' clinical decision-making when applying minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques (MISST) to the treatment of common degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine. Training requirements and implementation of privileges vary in different parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to analyze the training in relation to practice patterns of surgeons who perform lumbar endoscopic spinal surgery the world over. The authors solicited responses to an online survey sent to spine surgeons by email, and chat groups in social media networks including Facebook, WeChat, WhatsApp, and Linkedin. Surgeons were asked the following questions: (I) please indicate your training? (II) What type of MISST spinal surgery do you perform? (III) How would you rate your experience in MIS lumbar spinal surgery and what percentage of your practice is MISST? And (IV) which avenue did you use to train for the MISST you currently employ in your clinical practice today? Descriptive statistics were applied to count responses and cross-tabulated them to the surgeon's training. Pearson Chi-square measures, kappa statistics, and linear regression analysis of agreement or disagreement were performed by analyzing the distribution of variances using statistical package SPSS version 25.0. A total of 430 surgeons accessed the survey. The completion rate was 67.4%. Analyzing the responses of 292 surveys submitted by 97 neurosurgeons (33.2%), 161 orthopaedic surgeons (55.1%), and 34 surgeons of other postgraduate training (11.6%) showed that only 14% (41/292) of surgeons had completed a fellowship. Surgeons rated their skill level 33.5% of the time as master and experienced surgeon, and 35.6% of the time as novice or surgeon with some experience. There were more master (64.6% versus 29.2%) and experienced (52% versus 40%) surgeons amongst orthopaedic surgeons than amongst neurosurgeons at a statistically significant level (P=0.11). There were near twice as many orthopaedic surgeons (54.3%) using endoscopic procedures in the lumbar spine as their favorite MISST than neurosurgeons (35.4%; P=0.096). Endoscopic spine surgeons' main sources of knowledge acquisition were (I) learning in small meetings (57.3%), (II) attending workshops (63.1%), and (III) national and international conferences (59.8%). The majority of spine surgeons reported more than half of their cases employing MISST at a high skill level. Very few MISST surgeons are fellowship trained but attend workshops and various meetings suggesting that many of them are self-thought. Orthopaedic surgeons were more likely to implement endoscopic spinal surgery into the routine clinical practice. As endoscopic spine surgery gains more traction and patient demand, minimal adequate training will be part of the ongoing debate.