Source Of Hazard Research Articles

Employee Safety in the Conditions of Industry 4.0

Abstract The safety of employees during the implementation of work processes is one of the important conditions for the efficient implementation of production tasks. The situation does not change with the use of automation and robotization. On the contrary, it may be a source of hazards in new areas, requiring specific actions to limit the possibility of accidents occurring or to limit their consequences. These actions should be taken in a manner appropriate to the nature of the non-conformities. The study, based on the analysis of literature and a case study conducted in a production organization, showed the most important factors that may disturb the efficient implementation of production tasks. The study presents the key conditions for the development and operation of Industry 4.0, in accordance with the recommendations of the European Union and guidelines indicated in the scientific literature. The obtained results are addressed to the information of people responsible for the development of I4.0, taking into account “the safety aspects”, in industrial enterprises where the implementation of tasks requires cooperation between humans and machines. Statistical analysis was not included in the study. The author attempts to identify relationships that justify further research conducted to establish the existing correlations regarding supporting organizational development professionals, and in particular helping them identify potential problems in order to provide their organization with an advantage in the global competitive environment.

Power grid accident warning based on real-time analysis of hazard sources and weights

Abstract The power grid system has diverse structures consisting of multiple subnets, equipment, and components that are interrelated and mutually influential. At the same time, there are various types of power grid accidents, including short circuits, open circuits, overloads, grounding faults, etc. Each type of fault may have its specific cause and manifestation. This complexity and diversity make establishing a comprehensive and accurate early warning model difficult. Therefore, this study proposes an adaptive warning method based on hazard sources and weighted coefficients for power grid accidents. To transform raw data containing a large amount of redundant information and noise into data with targeted features for representation, power grid accident information feature labels are generated based on weighted coefficients. Based on this, based on the improved YOLOv3, potential risks in the power grid are identified and assessed. Identification based on implementing risk prevention and control measures defines multiple warning levels to achieve adaptive warning of power grid accidents. Test data validation shows that the proposed solution has an accuracy up to 97.85%. There is also a significant improvement in other indicators, all of which remain above 98%. Indicator validation shows that the research method meets the actual process standards. For the entire day period, the precision and recall of the research method remained stable at over 90%.

Research on safety control technology of high-speed railway combined test based on threatening event analysis

PurposeSafety management is a key point and poses a challenge in joint testing. To detect and address potential accidents' hidden dangers early, this paper conducts research on the safety control technology for high-speed railway joint tests by incorporating the concept of hazardous events.Design/methodology/approachAiming at ensuring the safety of high-speed railway combined inspections and trials, this paper starts from the dual prevention mechanism. It introduces the concept of threatening events, defines them and analyzes the differences between threatening events and railway accidents. The paper also proposes a cause model for threatening events in high-speed railway combined inspections and trials, based on three types of hazard sources. Furthermore, it conducts research on the control strategies for these threatening events.FindingsThe research on safety control technology for high-speed railway combined operation and testing, based on the analysis of threatened events, offers a new perspective for safety management in these operations. It also provides theoretical and practical support for the transition from passive prevention to active risk pre-control, which holds significant theoretical and practical value.Originality/valueThe innovation mainly includes the following three aspects: (1) Building on the traditional dual prevention mechanism, which includes risk hierarchical management and control as well as hidden danger investigation and management, a triple prevention mechanism is proposed. This new mechanism adds the management of threatening events as the third line of defense. The aim is to more comprehensively identify and address potential security risks, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of security management. (2) In this paper, the definition of a railway threatening event is clarified, and the causative model of a high-speed railway threatening event based on three kinds of danger sources is proposed. (3) This paper puts forward the control strategy of the high-speed railway combined operation and trial, which includes five key links: identification, reporting, analysis, rectification and feedback, which provides a new perspective for the safety management of the high-speed railway combined operation and trial and has important theoretical and application value.

Changes in Auditory Performance Following a Virtual Reality Music Concert.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate threshold and suprathreshold auditory risk from a newly popular platform of music concert entertainment; virtual reality (VR) headsets. Recreational noise exposure to music is the primary source of hearing hazard in young-adults, with noise doses of in-person concert venues and music festivals well in excess of the recommended daily exposure recommendation from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. While research on the relationship between personal music players and noise-induced hearing loss risk is abundant, no study has yet evaluated noise-induced hearing loss risk from VR headsets, which are newest to the commercial market at this time. Thirty-one young-adult participants (18 to 25 years) with normal-hearing sensitivity (0 to 16 dB HL) experienced a VR music concert and participated in three data collection timepoints: Session A preexposure, Session A post-exposure, and Session B post-exposure. Participants underwent baseline testing for audiometry (0.25 to 20 kHz), distortion product otoacoustic emission testing (1 to 10 kHz), and Words-in-Noise testing. Participants then wore a commercially available VR headset (Meta Quest 2) and experienced a freely available online VR music concert (via the video-sharing website "YouTube"). The VR music concert duration was 90 min set to maximum volume, which yielded an average sound level equivalent of 78.7 dBA, max sound level of 88.2 dBA, and LC peak sound level of 98.6 dBA. Post-exposure testing was conducted immediately at the conclusion of the VR concert, and again within 24 hr to 1 week after the exposure. Participants also answered a questionnaire that estimated noise exposure history (National Acoustics Laboratory "Noise Calculator"). Post-exposure deficit was not observed in DPOAEs or Words-in-Noise score (p's > 0.05). However, statistically significant temporary post-exposure deficit was observed in audiometry at 4, 8, and 12.5 kHz (p's < 0.05) (mean differences: 2 to 3 dB HL). Twenty-four hours and 1-week post-exposure measurements revealed no permanent changes from baseline measurements (p's > 0.05) aside from one spurious difference at 12.5 kHz. Males tended to exhibit a significantly higher noise history score on average than females. The primary, secondary, and tertiary sources of noise hazard history in this young-adult cohort included amplified music. These preliminary data suggest that VR music concerts-which are likely to produce a substantially lower noise dose than in-person music concerts-may still be capable of producing at least slight, temporary threshold shifts on the order of 2 to 3 dB HL. Future research should include VR headsets in personal music player risk assessment, as the VR music concert platform is increasing rapidly in popularity among young-adults.

The silent threat: Unveiling climate change's water and health challenges in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Bangladesh faces a growing number of issues, such as limited sources of potable water and health hazards that are either directly or indirectly linked to climate change. In total, 16 publications from 2007 to 2024 were manually screened for inclusion in this systematic review. The articles were divided into three categories: climate and water, climate and health, and climate, water, and health. Due to the climate change, 20 million individuals in Bangladesh have been suffering from water- and health-related illness. The results showed that among Bangladeshi vulnerable groups, cholera, infant diarrhea, pneumonia, dengue, malaria, mental illness, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and an increase in communicable diseases like water-, vector-, and food-borne infections, along with malnutrition, are common. Further findings of the study include health risks, water-related risks, and difficulties in determining the consequences of climate change. This review study focuses on Bangladesh, a developing country, and the correlation between climate change and the dangers of water and health-related diseases. The findings of this study have substantial implications for risk assessment, water quality, climate change, and public health, especially in poor nations, as well as for policymakers and academicians in these fields.

Domain knowledge-powered attention for air traffic management hazardous events classification

The automated classification of hazardous events in Air Traffic Management (ATM) involves concise texts with specialized terminology. The problem is currently addressed by machine learning text classification methods; however, some methods overlook domain knowledge, while others require it excessively. This research aims to identify a process for integrating low-cost, text-based domain knowledge into classification to address the issue of domain shift. To achieve this, the Wide and Deep Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (WD-BERT) model is proposed, featuring a unique knowledge-powered attention mechanism. WD-BERT's Wide Attention module assesses the compatibility between input text and domain knowledge to determine class probabilities, while its Deep Attention module extracts contextual features guided by domain knowledge. Additionally, a text mining method is employed to extract domain knowledge from ATM regulation texts. The model is trained and evaluated using a dataset derived from the China ATM Hazard Source Database. It achieves a multi-label classification accuracy of 80.24% and an F1-micro score of 0.88, outperforming comparative models with state-of-the-art performance. Breakdown analyses of the model indicate that the carefully designed attention mechanism endows WD-BERT with the ability to integrate domain knowledge, allowing it to excel in contexts involving complex sentences, multiple terms, and domain shifts. The innovation of this study lies in the proposed domain knowledge-powered attention mechanism, which allows simply organized domain knowledge to effectively guide ATM hazardous events classification, alleviating the impact of domain shift. This method can also be applied to other vertical domains without knowledge graphs.

A Stochastic Model for Induced Seismicity at the Geothermal Systems: A Case of the Geysers

Abstract Induced seismicity has emerged as a source of a significant earthquake hazard associated with recent development of unconventional energy resources. Therefore, it is imperative to develop stochastic models that can accurately describe the observed seismicity rate and forecast its evolution. In this study, a mechanism suggested by linear response theory is incorporated into a stochastic earthquake model to account for changes in the seismicity rate. It is derived that the induced rate can be modeled as a convolution of the forcing, related to fluid injection operations, and a specific response kernel. The model is incorporated into a Bayesian framework to compute the probabilities for the occurrence of the largest expected events during future time intervals. The applicability of the model is illustrated by analyzing the injection and seismicity data at the Geysers geothermal field in California. The suggested approach provides further insight into the probabilistic assessment of earthquake hazard associated with fluid injection operations. It also can be used for probing the rheological properties of the subsurface by analyzing the inherent characteristic timescales associated with the subsurface response to external forcing.

Bearing RUL prediction and fault diagnosis system based on parallel multi-scale MIMT lightweight model

Abstract In actual industrial production, the importance of safety production is increasingly prominent, and the degradation and failure of machinery and equipment are potential sources of safety hazards. Therefore, there is a growing trend towards real-time monitoring, prediction, and diagnosis of industrial equipment to prevent unpredictable impacts on life and property safety caused by sudden failures. To address this issue, this paper proposes a real-time degradation anomaly detection based on parallel multiscale autoencoders and a lightweight model of parallel multiscale multi-input multi-task for bearing Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction and fault diagnosis systems. Firstly, the multiscale autoencoder method is used to simulate actual working conditions and reconstruct the original vibration signals to build abnormal degradation detection intervals. The [0, $\mu$ +3$\sigma$] interval is utilized to judge abnormal degradation based on reconstruction errors, and the First Predict Timepoint (FPT) is determined adaptively. Secondly, a method for constructing dimensionless auxiliary datasets is proposed, which adopts a multi-input form based on deep separable convolution for feature extraction of original vibration signals, kurtosis, and peak values to improve the prediction and diagnosis performance of the lightweight model. Finally, a multi-task output method combining clustering and regression is employed to achieve RUL prediction and fault diagnosis of bearings. The proposed method overcomes the problems existing in traditional bearing RUL prediction and diagnosis methods and possesses theoretical innovation and engineering practicality. Validation on two bearing datasets confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Awareness of ocular hazards among welders in Bindura, Zimbabwe

Occupational health issues are the highest among workers in developing nations. This study aimed to assess the awareness of ocular hazards among welders in Bindura. An observational cross-sectional design with a validated structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the awareness of ocular hazards among 400 welders. Among the 400 welders, 397(99.3%) were males and their ages ranged from 19 – 56 with a mean age of 36 ± 8 years. Most (35%) of them, 140 had been involved in welding for 6-10 years. The most common type of welding among the participants was arc welding (87.8%). Majority (99.3%) of the welders were aware that welding without the use of protective equipment is a potential source of ocular hazards. Many welders had access to protective face shields and used them all the time (84.5%). The most common condition was ocular foreign bodies (17.7%), followed by Arc eye (4.8%). Awareness about welding as a source of ocular hazard depends on the type of welding used (p &lt; 0.05). The awareness of ocular hazards among welders in Bindura is high. Although, protective devices are provided, regular utilization needs to be encouraged and enforced.

MODERN CONCEPT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT WITH A RISK-BASED APPROACH

The article justifies implementing a risk-based approach (RBA) in occupational safety and health (OSH) management. It considers the limitations of traditional methods of implementing preventive measures focused on reactive measures designed to respond to immediate security challenges. It further proposes modern proactive strategies that can monitor, predict, and prevent dangerous situations in the workplace in advance. The study develops and substantiates the RBA’s main principles and underscores elements, methodologies, and their integration into existing OSH management systems. It provides arguments to support decentralising decision-making closer to the sources of hazards to allow for a faster and more effective response. It also emphasises the fragmented nature of the current occupational safety and health legislation, making it challenging to integrate RBA. Recommendations suggest improving the legislative framework to support RBA and provide employers greater flexibility in choosing risk management tools and methods. The authors recognise a systematic risk monitoring and assessment approach as a critical need. The absence of regular audits and risk assessments hinders the identification and prevention of hazards. The study proposes the introduction of modern technologies and methodologies, such as the Fine and Kinney method, the Elmeri system, and the Ishikawa diagram, to improve the risk identification and assessment processes. The article also stresses the importance of informing employees about potential risks and preventive measures, which contributes to the overall safety culture in organisations. In addition, the authors outline an algorithm for implementing RBA, which includes auditing workplaces, creating electronic registers, developing safety instructions, systematic risk assessment, documenting results, and informing stakeholders. The proposed approach aims to proactively identify and mitigate occupational risks, which helps to reduce workplace accidents and occupational diseases. The article concludes that the transition to a risk-based approach is essential for improving workplace safety, reducing occupational risks, and supporting the sustainable development of enterprises. By applying RBA, organisations can achieve higher occupational safety, reduce the costs associated with accidents and injuries, and contribute to a safer and healthier work environment. Keywords: risks, occupational safety, occupational health, production, risk-based approach.

Estimating public health risks of infectious disease events: A Canadian approach to rapid risk assessment.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for timely, evidence-based rapid risk assessments (RRA) of infectious disease events to inform public health action during rapidly evolving situations with high uncertainty. In 2022, the Public Health Agency of Canada established a coordinated approach to public health risk assessment, including a methodology for qualitative RRA of infectious disease threats. To describe the RRA methodology and illustrate its use with examples from different infectious hazards of public health concern. The RRA methodology employs the risk pathway to describe the sequence of events leading from a hazard's source to the adverse event of concern and subsequent impacts; define specific questions to be addressed; and identify relevant knowledge gaps, limitations and recommendations. Qualitative likelihood and impact estimates are derived through integration of evidence review and expert opinion and are communicated together with corresponding levels of uncertainty. The impacts of the event are based on an assessment of the most likely spread scenario within Canada, considering individual-level impact on affected individuals, the impact on the general population and, if relevant, sub-groups at higher risk. This RRA approach aligns with well-established international methods and provides flexibility to accommodate a broad range of risk questions. It has been implemented to estimate the risk of various threats of concern to Canada, including mpox, avian influenza A(H5N1) and measles. Given the broad range and complexity of public health hazards, RRAs provide a timely, coordinated and systematic process for characterizing and communicating the risk to inform risk mitigation and decision-making and to guide appropriate public health response.

Distribution, characteristics, and ecological risks of microplastics in the Hongyingzi sorghum production base in China

Microplastics (MPs), an emerging pollutant of global concern, have been studied in the Hongyingzi sorghum production base. In this study, we investigated MPs in the surface soil (0–10 cm) and deeper soil (10–20 cm) in the Hongyingzi sorghum production base. Pollution characterization and ecological risk evaluation were conducted. The results revealed that the MP abundance ranged from 1.31 × 102 to 4.27 × 103 particles/kg, with an average of 1.42 ± 1.22 × 103 particles/kg. There was no clear correlation between the MP abundance and soil depth, and the ordinary kriging method predicted a range of 1.26 × 103–1.28 × 103 particles/kg in most of the study area, indicating a relatively uniform distribution. Among the 12 types of MPs detected, acrylates copolymer (ACR), polypropylene (PP), polyurethane (PU), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were the most frequently detected. These MPs primarily originated from packaging and advertising materials made from polyurethane and polyester used by Sauce Wine enterprises, as well as plastic products made from polyolefin used in daily life and agricultural activities. The particle size of MPs was primarily 20–100 μm. Overall, the proportion of the 20–100 μm MP was 95.1% in the surface soil layer and 86.7% in the deeper soil layer. Based on the pollution load index, the MP pollution level in the study area was classified as class I. Polymer hazard index evaluation revealed that the risk levels at all of the sampling sites ranged from IV to V, and ACR, PU, and PMMA were identified as significant sources of polymer hazard. Potential ecological index evaluation revealed that most of the soil samples collected from the study area were dangerous or extremely dangerous, and the surface soil posed a greater ecological risk than the deeper soil. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the prevention, control, and management of MP pollution in the Hongyingzi sorghum production base.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Cements (Local and Imported) in Mali

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: In this article, the radioactivity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 (NORM) and radiological hazard parameters in different types of cements commonly used in Mali and available on the Malian market have been analyzed. The obtained values of NORM concentrations and radiological hazards in seven (07) cements samples will permit to the AMARAP to estimate the exposure (gamma rays) from the buildings and dwellings made by these cements. It will permit also to determine any over exposure (determinist effects which are an immediate tissue reaction due to the high exposition of ionizing radiation) and minimize as well the associated risk due to low doses (stochastic effects). &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Materials and Methods&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The health impact due to the exposure of radionuclides from these cements was evaluated by the determination of specific activity of radionuclides U-238, Th-232 and K-40 using gamma spectrometry analysis. The radiological hazards such as Absorbed Dose Rate (Ḋ) Annual Effective Dose (Ė) Internal and External Dose indexes (H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;in&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;ex&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) were evaluated in these cements samples. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The range of specific activities for U-238 vary from 21.77 ± 1.50 to 145.31 ± 7.70 Bq/kg, for Th-232 from 8.85 ± 0.52 to 73.56 ± 3.82 Bq/kg and for K-40 from 104.27 ± 5.63 to 351.97 ± 18.08 Bq/kg. The peak of U-238 wasn’t detected only in one (01) sample (CIM04). The highest value of specific activity was reported in sample CIM07 (DANGOTE). The values of radiological hazard such as Ḋ, Ė, H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;in&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;ex&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; from this work were within the dose criteria limits given by international organizations (ICRP and UNSCEAR) and national standards. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: This study shows the analyzed cements do not pose any significant source of radiation hazard and are safe for use in the construction of dwellings even if the risk (stochastic effect) associated with low dose exists. Special attention and more analyzes must be done on them for more protection of public health.

Impact of Cation Concentration on Graphene Oxide Properties Fabricated from Disposed Batteries

Disposed batteries contain the hazardous sources that directly impact on the environment. Proper disposal of used batteries is a vital matter because of toxit component found in types of batteries. This study focuses on the reutilization of the disposed Zn-battery graphite to produce graphene oxide (GO) via electrochemical exfoliation. The influence of various electrolytes on the exfoliation process was investigated, and the optimal ID/IG values in Raman spectra were determined as 2.5% for KOH. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed the presence of multi-wall graphene oxide in the exfoliated samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra displayed a broadening of the peak at 2θ = 26.5°, further supporting the successful formation of graphene oxide. The exfoliated graphene oxide was found not to contain any toxic elements. This highlights the potential of using disposed batteries in producing low cost graphene oxide. The study contributes to environmental protection by repurposing graphite rods and reducing industrial waste.

ANALISIS KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) MENGGUNAKAN METODE HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY (HAZOP) DI PT. RODA PASIFIK MANDIRI

PT Roda Pasifik Mandiri is a manufacturing company engaged in the bicycle manufacturing industry so that the risk of work accidents is quite high. This research discusses the analysis of Occupational Safety and Health (K3) using the Hazard And Operability Study (HAZOP) method. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential hazards of work accidents, provide a risk assessment of the hazard sources contained in the E-Bike production area of PT Roda Pasifik Mandiri and provide recommendations for improvements to hazard sources that have extreme and high risk values. Data analysis using descriptive data analysis method with HAZOP. The results showed that there are 8 potential and sources of hazards found in the E-Bike production area of PT Roda Pasifik Mandiri. Based on the risk assessment, it shows that the risk of hazard sources in the E-Bike production area of PT. Roda Pasifik Mandiri includes Extreme Risk, namely at the pointed corners of the frame, High Risk, namely in the cutter blade, gerindra machine, and worker attitude. Moderate Risk is on bicycle frames, raw material cartons piling up, impact machines and compressor dust.

The Heterogeneity of Turn-over Number in Electrocatalysis

Chemical catalysts dominate the multi-billion global revenue of the chemical industry because they accelerate the time it takes a particular reaction to reach equilibrium without altering the equilibrium constant. Electrocatalysis can provide significant benefits compared to other methods, as it has minimal purification and separation costs, is operational at low temperatures and pressures, replaces hazardous and toxic chemical sources with electric current, and can be integrated with renewable energy sources. From a techno-economical point of view, some considerations are critical during a catalyst design: cost, activity, and durability. One useful metric to quantify catalyst durability is turn-over number (TON), which represents the maximum yield of products attainable from a catalytic center. Mathematically speaking, the TON is defined as: TON = ∫0 ∞ TOF(t) dt, where TOF is the turn-over frequency, which is the rate of turn-overs (N) per active site. Currently, without any exception, the TON is given as a fixed number describing the total amount of substrate converted until the catalysts fully degrade. Our approach studies electrocatalytic deactivation processes at the single catalyst level using a technique entitled single-entity electrochemistry for freely diffusing catalysts. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is investigated with platinum nanoparticles as the model catalyst because it deactivates at the nanoscale when the catalytic activity decreases over time. At specific applied potentials, the current measured when a single platinum nanoparticle impacts the electrode creates a transient spike and decay back to the baseline current. TON is quantified by fitting the current decay response and integrating above the fit to find the charge transferred to catalyze the reaction. Our results show that electrocatalyst degradation and TON have a distribution, where some catalysts are more stable than others, and depends on the applied potential and size of the nanoparticles. In order to study how the surface facets of platinum affect the TON, SECCM was coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare the deactivation of a polycrystalline platinum surface in the macro scale with immobilized platinum nanoparticles on a glassy carbon surface. Combining local structural, electrochemical activity, and durability will bridge our fundamental understanding of macro and nanoscale catalyst deactivation processes to assist in the bottom-up approach of material development and design of large-scale industrial electrocatalysts.

Enhancing understanding of particle emissions from lithium-ion traction batteries during thermal runaway: An overview and challenges

Particle emissions released by lithium-ion traction batteries (LIBs) during thermal runaway (TR) are considered to be one of the fire hazard sources for new energy vehicles. Moreover, the particle emissions may persist in the environment and cause damage even after a fire is extinguished. Therefore, the formation mechanisms of the particle emissions from LIBs during TR are summarized firstly in this review. Effects of influencing factors on particle emission characteristics and biotoxicity are also explored. Furthermore, simulation models of LIB particle emissions are summarized. Particle emissions calculated for 2021 to 2023 are presented, and particle emissions from 2024 to 2030 are predicted. Finally, the existing research results and the problems with LIB particle emissions are summarized, and future research challenges and directions are prospected. This review aims to evoke interest in particle emissions from lithium-ion traction batteries during TR and provide a reference for suppressing and managing particle emissions to improve the safety of LIBs and mitigate environmental hazards.

CFTIlandslides, Italian database of historical earthquake-induced landslides

Knowing the location, the extent and the characteristics of any earthquake-induced environmental phenomenon is becoming an increasingly pressing need for civil protection agencies and local administrations. In particular, earthquake-triggered landslides are known for being among the most important sources of secondary hazard, as they may cause significant losses and may delay rescue operations across large areas. The combination of the relatively frequent seismic release with a very high landslide susceptibility makes the Italian territory especially prone to the occurrence of earthquake-induced landslides. The CFTIlandslides dataset features over 1,000 landslides triggered by historical Italian earthquakes (up to 1997). The landslides effects are subdivided into classes based on location accuracy and type of movement. Knowing the distribution of the past earthquake-induced landslides provides the input information for assessing the related hazard. This dataset is addressed to a large audience of potential users, including researchers and scholars, administrators and technicians belonging to local institutions, and civil protection authorities.

A holistic approach for assessing occupational health risk due to fugitive emissions in petrochemical processes: Inherent health hazard level index (IHHLI)

AbstractFugitive emissions from petrochemical facilities have become a major concern due to their impact on plant productivity, the environment, and health. In regard to health, petrochemical workers are at higher occupational health (OH) risk due to their continuous exposure to these harmful emissions. Inherent OH and safety indexes are the most common methods used for assessing OH risk due to fugitive emissions. These methods usually focus on the sources of health hazards, such as chemical substances, process conditions, and process equipment. Therefore, these methods are considered good for measuring the severity of the OH risk. However, based on the source, pathway, receptor (SPR) model, the OH risk due to fugitive emissions is also dependent on the pathway and receptor, where leak and exposure hazards may take place, respectively. For a holistic OH risk assessment, these hazards need to be considered. This was achieved by developing an OH risk assessment methodology that provides an effective assessment that takes into consideration hazards at the source, pathway, and receptor. This paper focuses on the source part of the SPR model, while the pathway and receptor parts will be covered in future publications. This paper presents an index‐based method named the inherent health hazard level index (IHHLI) developed for evaluating the severity of the fugitive emission‐induced OH risk. The IHHLI is developed by an expert‐based selection of the most common and relevant health hazard indicators published in the literature. Based on industry testing, the IHHLI can provide a reliable OH hazard evaluation.

Urban Fire Risk Dynamics and Mitigation Strategies in Shanghai: Integrating Spatial Analysis and Game Theory

In recent decades, the increasing frequency of urban fires, driven by urban functional enhancements and climate change, has posed a growing threat to metropolitan sustainability. This study investigates the temporal and spatial characteristics of fire incidents in Shanghai from 2019 to 2023. Using satellite fire point data and official government records, kernel density analysis and wavelet analysis were employed to analyze the time series and spatial distribution of fire data. Subsequently, eleven primary factors influencing urban fire occurrence were identified, encompassing probability, regional characteristics, and hazard sources. A combined methodology of subjective and objective weights with game theory was used to generate a fire risk assessment at a 1 × 1 km2 grid scale. Furthermore, the spatial distribution characteristics of the assessments were analyzed. The results reveal that the downtown area exhibits the highest intensity of urban fires in terms of spatial domain, with a decreasing intensity towards the suburbs. Temporally, fire frequency demonstrates significant periodicity at an 18a time scale, while clear seasonal fluctuations and periodicity are observed at a 16-22a time scale, with higher occurrences in spring and winter. The study identifies typical aggregation patterns of urban fires, with high-risk centers in downtown Shanghai. Considering the impact of climate change and human activities, high-risk areas may gradually expand to adjacent urban suburbs, presenting a concerning future scenario. By examining the dual attributes of “combustibles and fireproof space” within urban greening systems, this research offers recommendations for the future strategies of disaster prevention and mitigation of green systems in Shanghai.