Funding Source Research Articles

A roadmap for affordable genetic medicines.

Nineteen genetic therapies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to date, a number that now includes the first CRISPR genome editing therapy for sickle cell disease, CASGEVY (exagamglogene autotemcel). This extraordinary milestone is widely celebrated because of the promise for future genome editing treatments of previously intractable genetic disorders and cancers. At the same time, such genetic therapies are the most expensive drugs on the market, with list prices exceeding $4 million per patient. Although all approved cell and gene therapies trace their origins to academic or government research institutions, reliance on for-profit pharmaceutical companies for subsequent development and commercialization results in prices that prioritize recouping investments, paying for candidate product failures, and meeting investor and shareholder expectations. To increase affordability and access, sustainable discovery-to-market alternatives are needed that address system-wide deficiencies. Here, we present recommendations of a multi-disciplinary task force assembled to chart such a path. We describe a pricing structure that, once implemented, could reduce per-patient cost tenfold and propose a business model that distributes responsibilities while leveraging diverse funding sources. We also outline how academic licensing provisions, manufacturing innovation and supportive regulations can reduce cost and enable broader patient treatment.

A New Model of Rating to Evaluate Start-ups in Emerging Indian Market

Conceptualization of an idea to a well framed model is emerging with need of generating wealth at national base. Entrepreneurship is the crucial base of an economy measuring the wealth base thereby contributing to national income. The need for evaluation of these start- ups with some criteria is a pressing priority. The rating criterion has risen these days as the expressional value for an individual assessment for a company or a firm. There is a need to widen the range for rating to full fledge rating model considering financials and non-financial aspects by opening its arms towards the most important segment of economy i.e. start-ups. In consideration of this, the need to launch a well specified rating agency for start-up is need of the hour. Since there is no particular study defining its focus towards such need on national and international level, we want to explore this area of research so as to contribute to existing literature (which is very limited). Considering India, although there is much effort by government to boost start-ups initiatives like Atma Nirbhar Bharat, Start-up India, Make in India and relaxations in budgets etc. but there is no criterion to evaluate these start-ups in order to gain visibility. In this research paper we made an effort to frame a rating model considering the important factors affecting the start-up which can satisfy the need for the model. The model is framed by us considering all financial factors like sources of funds, working capital, financial performance, idle funds etc. and non-financial factors like founder details, descriptive, market variable and future aspects etc. which are essential for a start-up to evaluate and henceforth benefits in longer run-in terms of getting easy funding, financial support and more visibility. An extant literature review is done in order to cover all parameters focusing the evaluation of start-ups with a longer perspective by adding to existing literature and helping policy makers, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists who can use the model to assess the start-ups and henceforth can benefit the economy.

Housebuilding Finance in the United States: From Budgeting to Funding

This article precisely identifies housebuilding finance in the United States as a complex procedure of primary concern to those who wish to become homeowners or builders, susceptible to the state of the economy and shifts in policies. Therefore, the purpose of this research will be to provide extensive coverage of the processes involved in budgeting right through to obtaining and directing funds. This study adopts a qualitative research method to ascertain budgeting techniques, sources of finance, means of obtaining loans, financial controls during construction through literature, industry, and documents. Discussions also focus on the governmental initiatives and economic environment stressing the need for money comprehension. Issues such as budgeting down to the last detail, variety of financial sources and methods of financial management are highlighted as important aspects. Some recommendation areas are improvement of budgeting, increasing the financing options’ awareness, and the optimization of the existing times of lending to boost housebuilding finance in the USA.

Analysis of Local Government Financial Statements as A Basis for Making National Economic Recovery Loan (PEN) Policies in the Jakarta Provincial Government

This research was conducted to analyze local government financial statements as a basis for making decisions or policies on the use of Regional PEN Loans in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Due to a decrease in revenue as a result of the co-19 pandemic, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government is looking for other sources of funding to finance development to meet public services. The data used include budget and realization of regional income and expenditure, as well as the value of Construction in Progress which is supported by qualitative information in CaLK. The research method uses descriptive qualitative by collecting data in the form of images, numbers, tables, sentences, in the form of secondary data. The results of the study concluded that the information presented in the financial statements has an important role in assisting the policy making of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in applying for Regional PEN Loans and meeting the criteria as a loan recipient.

The acquisition of foreign science and technology literature resources in specialized libraries amidst the challenges posed by science and technology blockade

Confronted with significant challenges in procuring foreign scientific and technological literature resources due to a global science and technology blockade, professional libraries are facing severe limitations imposed by the United States on China. These export control measures have severely hampered domestic scientific research institutions and universities from accessing foreign scientific and technological documents, thereby impeding China's progress in the field of scientific and technological innovation. To effectively address this predicament and enhance the ability to secure resources of foreign language scientific and technological literature, professional libraries should focus on the following five aspects: Firstly, diversify funding sources while expanding channels for procuring foreign periodicals; Secondly, increase procurement of English-language scientific and technological literature from non-American countries while organizing and categorizing these materials; Thirdly, strengthen access to non-English language scientific journals; Fourthly, promote collaborative construction and sharing of scientific and technological documents; Fifthly, develop localized versions of foreign digital resources. Ultimately, it is emphasized that bolstering one's own capabilities is key to overcoming barriers in accessing scientific and technological literature. Therefore, China should prioritize national-level development of digital academic platforms.

Quantitative Changes in the Publishing of Lithuanian Scientific Journals in 2015–2022: Public and Private Sectors’ Adaptation to the Changing Conditions

The article analyses the quantitative changes in the Lithuanian scientific journal publishing in 2015-2022. The study reveals the problems of public bibliographic accounting and terminology in order to comprehensively analyse the public and private sector published print and electronic scientific journals. The gaps and uncertainties identified allow for the improvement of official publication records in the future, avoiding ambiguities in the assessment of the publication volumes of scientific journals. Science policy makers and implementers should take the initiative to standardise the definition of scientific journals, as this is the only way to achieve a clearer approach to this form of science communication. Although the annual volume of scientific journal publications has shrunk by 18.1% (from 265 (2015) to 217 (2022) publications), the decline itself has not been sharp. The decline has been stabilised by business involvement, changes in the evaluation of colleges, and the transformation of professional journals, book series and conference proceedings into scientific journals. Flexibility has been provided by electronic publishing instruments, which have reduced the dependence on external financial sources. The public publishing sector has tended to reduce the number of scientific journals in all scientific fields. This was mainly due to the reorganisation of the higher education network, the qualitative requirements for scientific articles and the reorganisation of scientific collectives. The publishing business has seen the greatest potential in the fields of technology and the medical and health sciences, and as a result, the number of journals published in these fields has not declined and continues to grow. Despite the private sector's growth trends, 50% of journals have 30 or more years of publication. This forms the core of Lithuanian scientific journals, which public sector publishers are striving to preserve and integrate into the international scientific environment.

A Review of the Sustainable Siting of Offshore Wind Farms

The continued technical and economic development of offshore wind farms needs to match their sustainable siting transparently and fairly. Aiming to assess existing methodologies widely used in the field of OWFs spatial planning, as well as to identify the proposed enhancements for the improvement of such methods, this study examines 80 peer-reviewed papers over the past eight years. The analysis encompasses articles from 34 scientific journals, with a notable concentration in the journals Renewable Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, and Energies, and it sheds light on geographical distribution, journal classification, funding sources, and the various methodological approaches. Most of the studies were conducted in Turkey, China, and Greece; half of the surveyed papers utilize multi-criteria decision-making approaches, predominantly addressing bottom-fixed technologies for offshore wind farms, which currently dominate the field. The 80 papers are categorized into five methodological domains: Marine Spatial Planning, Feasibility Analysis, Probabilistic Methods, Meteorological Data, and Multi-Criteria Decision Making. One hundred and seventy criteria were identified and condensed into a final set of 41 critical criteria. This article provided an overview of the site selection process and the most crucial findings and recommendations.

Blood methylation pattern reflects epigenetic remodelling in adipose tissue after bariatric surgery

Studies on DNA methylation following bariatric surgery have primarily focused on blood cells, while it is unclear to which extend it may reflect DNA methylation profiles in specific metabolically relevant organs such as adipose tissue. Here, we investigated whether adipose tissue depots specific methylation changes after bariatric surgery are mirrored in blood. Using Illumina 850K EPIC technology, we analysed genome-wide DNA methylation in paired blood, subcutaneous and omental visceral AT (SAT/OVAT) samples from nine individuals (N=6 female) with severe obesity pre- and post-surgery. The numbers and effect sizes of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) post-bariatric surgery were more pronounced in AT (SAT: 12,865 DMRs from-11.5 to 10.8%; OVAT: 14,632 DMRs from-13.7 to 12.8%) than in blood (9267 DMRs from-8.8 to 7.7%). Cross-tissue DMRs implicated immune-related genes. Among them, 49regions could be validated with similar methylation changes in blood from independent individuals. Fourteen DMRs correlated with differentially expressed genes in AT post bariatric surgery, including downregulation of PIK3AP1 in both SAT and OVAT. DNA methylation age acceleration was significantly higher in AT compared to blood, but remained unaffected after surgery. Concurrent methylation pattern changes in blood and AT, particularly in immune-related genes, suggest blood DNA methylation mirrors AT's inflammatory state post-bariatric surgery. The funding sources are listed in the Acknowledgments section.

Coffee Processing Business Feasibility In BUMDes Eka Giri Karya Utama Wanagiri Village, Buleleng Regency Bali Province

The potential for good coffee plantation yields needs to be developed and utilized to improve the village economy, which is the basis for establishing BUMDes Eka Giri Karya Utama. The development of this business unit is aimed at supporting an integrated coffee processing industry and being able to produce more efficiently and be able to produce products according to dynamic market demands. The research objectives were to describe governance, to analyze financial feasibility, and to analyze the level of sensitivity of the coffee processing unit in BUMDes Eka Giri Karya Utama. This research was made using descriptive analysis and business feasibility analysis with the investment criteria used being NPV (Net Present Value (NPV), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Payback Period, and sensitivity analysis. The type of data used is primary data collected by in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature study. There are two variables in this study, namely the benefits and costs variables. The results of the study show that the Village Owned Enterprises in their establishment are managed with the spirit of wanting to improve the village economy, making the village an independent village with all the potential that exists in the village. BUMDes management is carried out in a professional, transparent, participatory, and sustainable manner. sources of funds for this business unit come from the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration, and the local village government. Based on the results of the financial analysis, the NPV value was IDR 679,311,964.218, IRR was 31,60%, Net B/C was 2,85 and PP was 4 years 7 months 2 days. Furthermore, the results of the sensitivity analysis with an increase in operational costs by 25.18% obtained an NPV of IDR 434,079,320.45, an IRR of 23.17%, and a net B/C of 2.12. Then for the assumption of a 14.28% decrease in revenue, an NPV of IDR 388,934,679.50, an IRR of 22.02%, and a Net B/C of 2.02 are obtained. This coffee processing business unit is feasible. After all, it can provide benefits for the manager because it meets the investment criteria. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the assumption of a decrease in revenue is more sensitive than an increase in operational costs. In the future, for business development, managers need to innovate so that products become more attractive and have competitiveness as well as invest in human resources and marketing.

Coffee Processing Business Feasibility In BUMDes Eka Giri Karya Utama Wanagiri Village, Buleleng Regency Bali Province

The potential for good coffee plantation yields needs to be developed and utilized to improve the village economy, which is the basis for establishing BUMDes Eka Giri Karya Utama. The development of this business unit is aimed at supporting an integrated coffee processing industry and being able to produce more efficiently and be able to produce products according to dynamic market demands. The research objectives were to describe governance, to analyze financial feasibility, and to analyze the level of sensitivity of the coffee processing unit in BUMDes Eka Giri Karya Utama. This research was made using descriptive analysis and business feasibility analysis with the investment criteria used being NPV (Net Present Value (NPV), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Payback Period, and sensitivity analysis. The type of data used is primary data collected by in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature study. There are two variables in this study, namely the benefits and costs variables. The results of the study show that the Village Owned Enterprises in their establishment are managed with the spirit of wanting to improve the village economy, making the village an independent village with all the potential that exists in the village. BUMDes management is carried out in a professional, transparent, participatory, and sustainable manner. sources of funds for this business unit come from the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration, and the local village government. Based on the results of the financial analysis, the NPV value was IDR 679,311,964.218, IRR was 31,60%, Net B/C was 2,85 and PP was 4 years 7 months 2 days. Furthermore, the results of the sensitivity analysis with an increase in operational costs by 25.18% obtained an NPV of IDR 434,079,320.45, an IRR of 23.17%, and a net B/C of 2.12. Then for the assumption of a 14.28% decrease in revenue, an NPV of IDR 388,934,679.50, an IRR of 22.02%, and a Net B/C of 2.02 are obtained. This coffee processing business unit is feasible. After all, it can provide benefits for the manager because it meets the investment criteria. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the assumption of a decrease in revenue is more sensitive than an increase in operational costs. In the future, for business development, managers need to innovate so that products become more attractive and have competitiveness as well as invest in human resources and marketing.

Leishmaniases in Ethiopia: a scoping review protocol to determine the scope of research and remaining gaps

IntroductionThe leishmaniases are among the group of neglected tropical diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality each year. Currently, the East Africa region has the highest visceral leishmaniasis burden in...

The Effect of Profitability, Liquidity and Company Size on Capital Structure in Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

This study investigates the effect of profitability, liquidity, and firm size on the capital structure of firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Using data from manufacturing firms, the study found that profitability and liquidity have a negative and significant influence on capital structure decisions, with more profitable firms tending to rely on less debt and more internal sources of funds. However, firm size does not consistently have a significant negative impact on capital structure, suggesting that external factors such as capital market conditions and economic policies have a more dominant role in determining a firm's capital structure. These results provide important insights for financial practitioners in designing appropriate funding strategies to maximise firm value and effectively manage financial risk in the Indonesian capital market.

Gender effects in crowdfunded business loan campaigns.

Crowdfunding is a growing source of finance for entrepreneurs. In this paper, we investigate the existence of a gender effect in the time needed to obtain a business loan through crowdfunding. Using data from three Dutch crowdfunding platforms, survival analysis of the time to completion for 934 business loan campaigns shows that female entrepreneurs have a 20% shorter campaign completion time compared to male entrepreneurs, whereas couples do not differ from males. This effect persists across the different platforms. Subsequent analysis shows that female entrepreneurs do not have the disadvantage they face in traditional lending channels when requesting funds through crowdfunding, and that herding behavior by investors benefits female entrepreneurs most.

Security tokens, ecosystems and financial inclusion: Islamic perspectives

Purpose Shariah-compliant security tokens can play an important role in developing innovative solutions to resolve voluntary and involuntary financial exclusion in Muslim societies. This paper aims to present features of Shariah-compliant security tokens and supporting ecosystems that can provide additional sources of financing for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and create alternative investment opportunities for retail investors. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper presents the building blocks of security tokens, their ecosystem and key functions and activities and then examines these features from Islamic perspectives. This is done by reviewing the contemporary literature on cryptoassets and their ecosystems and analysing these in light of Islamic legal and ethical values and principles. Findings The paper provides a framework of how Shariah-compliant asset- and equity-based security tokens can be used by SMEs to raise funds quickly and efficiently on crypto exchanges. Given the novelty and complexity of the technology involved and the lack of understanding and skills to develop blockchain-based systems among SMEs, this paper suggests developing security tokens and exchanges in a controlled manner under the supervision of a nation’s stock markets. Originality/value Although several studies examine cryptocurrencies from Islamic perspectives, literature on other cryptoassets and their role in financial inclusion is scant. This paper identifies Shariah-compliant asset- and equity-based security tokens and supporting ecosystems that can contribute to the development of digital capital markets where SMEs can raise funds efficiently and retail investors can invest in alternative asset classes.

Security tokens, ecosystems and financial inclusion: Islamic perspectives

PurposeShariah-compliant security tokens can play an important role in developing innovative solutions to resolve voluntary and involuntary financial exclusion in Muslim societies. This paper aims to present features of Shariah-compliant security tokens and supporting ecosystems that can provide additional sources of financing for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and create alternative investment opportunities for retail investors.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper presents the building blocks of security tokens, their ecosystem and key functions and activities and then examines these features from Islamic perspectives. This is done by reviewing the contemporary literature on cryptoassets and their ecosystems and analysing these in light of Islamic legal and ethical values and principles.FindingsThe paper provides a framework of how Shariah-compliant asset- and equity-based security tokens can be used by SMEs to raise funds quickly and efficiently on crypto exchanges. Given the novelty and complexity of the technology involved and the lack of understanding and skills to develop blockchain-based systems among SMEs, this paper suggests developing security tokens and exchanges in a controlled manner under the supervision of a nation’s stock markets.Originality/valueAlthough several studies examine cryptocurrencies from Islamic perspectives, literature on other cryptoassets and their role in financial inclusion is scant. This paper identifies Shariah-compliant asset- and equity-based security tokens and supporting ecosystems that can contribute to the development of digital capital markets where SMEs can raise funds efficiently and retail investors can invest in alternative asset classes.

Orthopedic Research Funding: Assessing the Relationship between Investments and Breakthroughs.

Orthopedic research plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes for musculoskeletal disorders. This narrative review explores the intricate interplay between funding patterns and the trajectory of breakthroughs achieved in this dynamic field. A meticulous search strategy identified studies illuminating the diverse sources of orthopedic research funding, including public funding (government agencies), philanthropic organizations, private sector investment, and international funding bodies. The review further delved into the spectrum of breakthroughs, encompassing fundamental scientific discoveries, technological advancements, and personalized medicine approaches. Public funding emerged as a significant pillar, supporting foundational research that lays the groundwork for future advancements. Philanthropic organizations addressed specific musculoskeletal disorders, often focusing on patient-centric applications. International funding bodies played a role in supporting research in low- and middle-income countries. Breakthroughs extended beyond cutting-edge prosthetics and minimally invasive surgeries, encompassing fundamental discoveries in areas like gene therapy and biomaterials science. Technological advancements included brain-computer interface prosthetics and 3D-printed implants. Personalized medicine offered the potential for tailored treatments based on individual needs and genetic profiles. This review underscores the complex interplay between funding patterns and breakthroughs in orthopedic research. A multifaceted approach is essential for continued progress. Fostering collaboration, optimizing funding models, and prioritizing both foundational and translational research hold the key to unlocking the true potential of orthopedic research and transforming the lives of patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders.

Orthopedic Research Funding: Assessing the Relationship between Investments and Breakthroughs.

Orthopedic research plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes for musculoskeletal disorders. This narrative review explores the intricate interplay between funding patterns and the trajectory of breakthroughs achieved in this dynamic field. A meticulous search strategy identified studies illuminating the diverse sources of orthopedic research funding, including public funding (government agencies), philanthropic organizations, private sector investment, and international funding bodies. The review further delved into the spectrum of breakthroughs, encompassing fundamental scientific discoveries, technological advancements, and personalized medicine approaches. Public funding emerged as a significant pillar, supporting foundational research that lays the groundwork for future advancements. Philanthropic organizations addressed specific musculoskeletal disorders, often focusing on patient-centric applications. International funding bodies played a role in supporting research in low- and middle-income countries. Breakthroughs extended beyond cutting-edge prosthetics and minimally invasive surgeries, encompassing fundamental discoveries in areas like gene therapy and biomaterials science. Technological advancements included brain-computer interface prosthetics and 3D-printed implants. Personalized medicine offered the potential for tailored treatments based on individual needs and genetic profiles. This review underscores the complex interplay between funding patterns and breakthroughs in orthopedic research. A multifaceted approach is essential for continued progress. Fostering collaboration, optimizing funding models, and prioritizing both foundational and translational research hold the key to unlocking the true potential of orthopedic research and transforming the lives of patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders.

Analysis of Yogyakarta Special Fund on Community Welfare Case Study of Gunungkidul Regency

Special Fund (Danais) is a special source of funding intended for development and development in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study aims to determine the effect of the Yogyakarta Special Fund on the Welfare of the People of Gunungkidul in 2023. This privilege fund is given to DIY as part of the privileges stipulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 Article 18B Paragraph 2. The state of art in this study is to determine the benefits and effects of development activities related to special funds so that an in-depth study is needed so that changes in community welfare in Gunungkidul Regency can be known. The problem in this study is the effect of the Yogyakarta special fund on the welfare of the people in Gunungkidul Regency and its impact before and after receiving the special fund. Data used primary data through survey results and literature reviews. Mmethod used Specialty Program Effectiveness Analysis. The results of this study value the effectiveness of IKM 81,968 which shows a high level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, in other tests, in general, they felt the positive impact of implementing good programs for community groups. Meanwhile, based on the results of different tests, the four fields tend to experience an increase in welfare after getting special funds in Gunungkidul Regency.

Scaling up the practice of water operators’ partnership (WOP) and its linkages with investment programmes

ABSTRACT Funding availability is limiting the extent to which water operators can engage in helping one another to provide safe access to water and sanitation services. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the current funding scenario for Water Operators’ Partnerships (WOPs), obstacles, and possible initiatives that can promote the mobilisation of additional funds. It does so by analysing costs, sizes, main sources of funding, and the co-existence of WOPs with investment programmes. Some significant findings are the increasing recognition of the positive influence of WOPs by donors and financiers, the emergence and interest from development agencies in WOP-dedicated programmes, the signalling of a nascent shift in perception of the value of WOPs by development financial institutions (DFIs), and the emergence of different scenarios in which WOPs and investment programmes co-exist in practice. Some key challenges identified are the low visibility and dissemination of WOP outcomes, the low feasibility of the WOPs to be funded by the technical assistance component of investment programmes, the need for DFIs and WOP proponents to innovate and create structures and processes that ensure early communication and coordination between them to maximise synergies between WOPs and investment programmes throughout the investment programme cycle.

Scaling up the practice of water operators’ partnership (WOP) and its linkages with investment programmes

ABSTRACT Funding availability is limiting the extent to which water operators can engage in helping one another to provide safe access to water and sanitation services. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the current funding scenario for Water Operators’ Partnerships (WOPs), obstacles, and possible initiatives that can promote the mobilisation of additional funds. It does so by analysing costs, sizes, main sources of funding, and the co-existence of WOPs with investment programmes. Some significant findings are the increasing recognition of the positive influence of WOPs by donors and financiers, the emergence and interest from development agencies in WOP-dedicated programmes, the signalling of a nascent shift in perception of the value of WOPs by development financial institutions (DFIs), and the emergence of different scenarios in which WOPs and investment programmes co-exist in practice. Some key challenges identified are the low visibility and dissemination of WOP outcomes, the low feasibility of the WOPs to be funded by the technical assistance component of investment programmes, the need for DFIs and WOP proponents to innovate and create structures and processes that ensure early communication and coordination between them to maximise synergies between WOPs and investment programmes throughout the investment programme cycle.